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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Table of Contents

Confidential Draft Submission No. 2 submitted to the Securities and Exchange Commission
on February 12, 2014. This draft registration statement has not been publicly filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission and all information herein remains strictly confidential.

Registration No. 333-

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549



Amendment No. 1
to

FORM S-1

REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933



Virtu Financial, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
  6200
(Primary Standard Industrial
Classification Code Number)
  32-0420206
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)



645 Madison Avenue
New York, New York 10022-1010
(212) 418-0100
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant's principal executive offices)



Douglas A. Cifu
Chief Executive Officer
645 Madison Avenue
New York, New York 10022-1010
(212) 418-0100
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)



Copies to:

John C. Kennedy, Esq.
Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP
1285 Avenue of the Americas
New York, New York 10019-6064
(212) 373-3000
  Michael Kaplan, Esq.
Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP
450 Lexington Avenue
New York, New York 10017
(212) 450-4000



Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after this Registration Statement becomes effective.

           If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 check the following box: o

           If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o

           If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o

           If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o

           Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer o   Accelerated filer o   Non-accelerated filer ý
(Do not check if a
smaller reporting company)
  Smaller reporting company o



CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

             
   
Title of Each Class
of Securities to be Registered

  Proposed Maximum
Aggregate Offering Price(1)(2)

  Amount of
Registration Fee(3)

 
   

Class A common stock, par value $0.00001 per share

  $     $    

 

 
(1)
Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee in accordance with Rule 457(o) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
(2)
Includes shares subject to the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock.
(3)
Calculated pursuant to Rule 457(o) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.



           The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.


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The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell nor does it seek an offer to buy these securities in any state or jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

Subject to Completion. Dated                                     .

                       Shares

GRAPHIC

Virtu Financial, Inc.

Class A Common Stock



          This is an initial public offering of shares of Class A common stock of Virtu Financial, Inc. All of the                          shares of Class A common stock being offered are being sold by the Company.

          Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for the Class A common stock. It is currently estimated that the initial public offering price per share will be between $             and $             .

          Following this offering, Virtu Financial, Inc. will have four classes of authorized common stock. The Class A common stock offered hereby and the Class C common stock will have one vote per share. The Class B common stock and the Class D common stock will have 10 votes per share. TJMT Holdings LLC, an affiliate of Mr. Vincent Viola, our Founder and Executive Chairman, will hold all of our issued and outstanding Class D common stock after this offering and will control more than a majority of the combined voting power of our common stock. As a result, TJMT Holdings LLC will be able to control any action requiring the general approval of our stockholders, including the election of our board of directors, the adoption of amendments to our certificate of incorporation and by-laws and the approval of any merger or sale of substantially all of our assets.

          We intend to list the Class A common stock on The NASDAQ Stock Market, Inc. ("NASDAQ") under the symbol "VIRT."

          We will be a "controlled company" under the corporate governance rules for NASDAQ-listed companies, and therefore we will be permitted to, and we intend to, elect not to comply with certain NASDAQ corporate governance requirements. See "Management — Controlled Company."

          We are an "emerging growth company" under the federal securities laws. Investing in our Class A common stock involves risks. See "Risk Factors" on page 25 to read about factors you should consider before buying shares of our Class A common stock.



          Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.



 
Per Share
 
Total
 

Initial public offering price

  $   $  

Underwriting discount

  $   $  

Proceeds, before expenses, to us(1)

  $   $  

(1)
See "Underwriting."

          The shares of Class A common stock are being offered through the underwriters on a firm commitment basis, subject to the terms and conditions of an underwriting agreement. To the extent that the underwriters sell more than                  shares of Class A common stock, the underwriters have the option to purchase up to an additional                  shares from us at the initial price to the public less the underwriting discount within 30 days from the date of this prospectus.



          The underwriters expect to deliver the shares against payment in New York, New York on                          , 2014.

Goldman, Sachs & Co.   Sandler O'Neill + Partners, L.P.



   

Prospectus dated                          , 2014.


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          We have not, and the underwriters have not, authorized anyone to provide any information or to make any representations other than those contained in this prospectus or in any free writing prospectuses we have prepared. We and the underwriters take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give to you. This prospectus is an offer to sell only the shares offered hereby, and only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. The information contained in this prospectus is current only as of the date hereof.




TABLE OF CONTENTS

 
  Page

Prospectus Summary

  1

Risk Factors

  25

Forward-Looking Statements

  49

Organizational Structure

  51

Use of Proceeds

  59

Dividend Policy

  60

Capitalization

  62

Dilution

  63

Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information

  66

Selected Consolidated Financial Data

  73

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

  75

Business

  98

Management

  113

Executive Compensation

  118

Principal Stockholders

  132

Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions

  135

Description of Capital Stock

  145

Shares Available for Future Sale

  151

Material U.S. Federal Tax Considerations for Non-U.S. Holders

  155

Underwriting

  159

Legal Matters

  163

Experts

  163

Where You Can Find More Information

  164

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements

  F-1



          Through and including                           , 2014 (the 25th day after the date of this prospectus), all dealers effecting transactions in these securities, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to a dealer's obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as an underwriter and with respect to an unsold allotment or subscription.


INDUSTRY AND MARKET DATA

          Industry and market data used throughout this prospectus were obtained through company research, surveys and studies conducted by third parties and industry and general publications. Certain information contained in "Business" is based on studies, analyses and surveys prepared by the Bank for International Settlements, Bloomberg, BATS Global Markets, Inc., the Futures Industry Association, the Investment Industry Regulatory Organization of Canada and the World Federation of Exchanges. While we are not aware of any misstatements regarding the industry data presented herein, estimates involve risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed under the heading "Risk Factors."

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TRADEMARKS

          This prospectus contains references to our trademarks and service marks and to those belonging to other entities. Solely for convenience, trademarks and trade names referred to in this prospectus may appear without the ® or ™ symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights or the rights of the applicable licensor to these trademarks and trade names. We do not intend our use or display of other companies' trade names, trademarks or service marks to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, any other companies.

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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

          This summary highlights selected information about us and this offering but does not contain all of the information that you should consider before investing in our Class A common stock. Before making an investment decision, you should read this entire prospectus carefully, including the discussion under the heading "Risk Factors" and the consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto contained elsewhere in this prospectus. This prospectus includes forward looking-statements that involve risks and uncertainties. See "Forward-Looking Statements" for more information.

          Unless we state otherwise or the context otherwise requires, the terms "we," "us," "our," "Virtu" and the "Company" refer to Virtu Financial, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries after giving effect to the reorganization transactions described under " — Corporate History and Organizational Structure" below. Also, unless we state otherwise or the context otherwise requires, all information in this prospectus gives effect to the reorganization transactions described below. "Virtu Financial" refers to Virtu Financial LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a consolidated subsidiary of ours following the reorganization transactions.

Overview

          Virtu is a leading technology-enabled market maker and liquidity provider to the global financial markets. We stand ready, at any time, to buy or sell a broad range of securities, and we generate revenue by buying and selling large volumes of securities and other financial instruments and earning small amounts of money based on the difference between what buyers are willing to pay and what sellers are willing to accept, which we refer to as "bid/ask spreads." We make markets by providing quotations to buyers and sellers in more than 10,000 securities and other financial instruments on more than 210 unique exchanges, markets and liquidity pools in 30 countries around the world. We believe that our broad diversification, in combination with our proprietary technology platform and low-cost structure, enables us to facilitate risk transfer between global capital markets participants by supplying liquidity and competitive pricing while at the same time earning attractive margins and returns.

          We believe that market makers like us serve an important role in maintaining and improving the overall health and efficiency of the global capital markets by continuously posting bids and offers for securities and other financial instruments and thereby providing to market participants an efficient means to transfer risk. All market participants benefit from the increased liquidity, lower overall trading costs and enhanced execution certainty that we provide. While in most cases we do not have customers in a traditional sense, we make markets for global banks, brokers and other intermediaries, in addition to retail and institutional investors, including corporations, individuals, hedge funds, mutual funds, pension funds and other investors, all of whom desire to transfer risk in multiple securities and asset classes for their own accounts and/or on behalf of their customers. The following table illustrates our diversification and scale:

 

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Asset Classes
 
Selected Venues in Which We Make Markets

North, Central and South America
("Americas") Equities

  NYSE, Nasdaq, DirectEdge, NYSE Arca, NYSE MKT (formerly NYSE Amex), BATS, TMX, ICE, CME, BM&F Bovespa, major dark pools

Europe, Middle East and Africa
("EMEA") Equities

 

LSE, Deutsche Boerse, NASDAQ OMX, NYSE Euronext, Eurex, Chi-X, BME, XETRA, NYSE Liffe, Turquoise, Borsa Italiana, SIX Swiss Exchange, Johannesburg Stock Exchange

Asia and Pacific ("APAC") Equities

 

TSE, SGX, OSE, SBI Japannext, TOCOM

Global Commodities (including energy,
metals and other commodities)

 

CME, ICE, TOCOM, SGX, NYSE Liffe, EBS

Global Currencies (including futures
contracts in FX)

 

CME, ICE, Currenex, EBS, HotSpot, Reuters, FXall, LMAX

Options, Fixed Income and
Other Securities

 

CBOE, PHLX, NYSE Arca Options, eSpeed, BOX, BrokerTec

          We refer to our market making activities as being "market neutral," which means that we are not dependent on the direction of a particular market and do not speculate. Our market making activities are designed to minimize capital at risk at any given time by limiting the notional size of our positions. Our strategies are also designed to lock in returns through precise and nearly instantaneous hedging, as we seek to eliminate the price risk in any positions held. Our revenue generation is driven primarily by transaction volume across a broad range of securities, asset classes and geographies. We avoid the risk of long or short positions in favor of earning small bid/ask spreads on large trading volumes across thousands of securities and other financial instruments. We do not engage in the types of principal investing and predictive, momentum and signal trading in which many other broker-dealers and trading firms engage. In fact, in order to minimize the likelihood of unintended activities by our market making strategies, if our risk management system detects a trading strategy generating revenues outside of our preset limits, it will freeze, or "lockdown," that strategy and alert risk management personnel and management. Although this approach may prevent us from maximizing potential returns in times of extreme market volatility, we believe the reduction in risk is an appropriate trade-off that is in keeping with our aim of generating consistently strong revenue from trading.

          For the year ended December 31, 2012 and the nine months ended September 30, 2013, our total revenues were approximately $615.6 million and $501.3 million, respectively, our trading income, net, was approximately $581.5 million and $471.6 million, respectively, our Adjusted Net Trading Income was approximately $366.3 million and $315.5 million, respectively, our net income was approximately $87.6 million and $155.3 million, respectively, and our Adjusted Net Income was approximately $188.3 million and $174.6 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2013, we earned approximately 28% of our Adjusted Net Trading Income from Americas equities, 11% from EMEA equities, 12% from APAC equities, 22% from global commodities, 19% from global currencies and 9% from options, fixed income and other securities. For a reconciliation of Adjusted Net Trading Income to trading income, net, and Adjusted Net Income to net income, see " — Summary Historical and Pro Forma Consolidated Financial and Other Data." Since our inception, we have sought to broadly diversify our market making across securities, asset classes and geographies, and as a result, for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, we achieved a diverse mix of Adjusted Net Trading Income results, with no one geography or asset class constituting more than 30% of our total Adjusted Net Trading Income.

          The chart below illustrates our daily Adjusted Net Trading Income from January 1, 2009 through September 30, 2013. As a result of our real-time risk management strategy and technology, we had only one losing trading day during the period depicted, a total of 1,178 trading days.

 

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Daily Adjusted Net Trading Income Distribution*
(in millions)

GRAPHIC

*
Includes Madison Tyler Holdings' Adjusted Net Trading Income prior to the Madison Tyler Transactions on July 8, 2011. Includes NYSE trading days and excludes holidays and half days.

          Technology and operational efficiency are at the core of our business. We believe that we are at the forefront of market making technology and that this focus is a key element of our success. We have developed a proprietary, multi-asset, multi-currency technology platform that is highly reliable, scalable and modular, and we integrate directly with exchanges and other liquidity centers. Our market data, order routing, transaction processing, risk management and market surveillance technology modules manage our market making activities in an efficient manner and enable us to scale our market making activities globally and across additional securities and other financial instruments and asset classes without significant incremental costs or third-party licensing or processing fees.

Industry and Market Overview

          Market makers, like us, serve a critical role in the functioning of all financial markets by providing bids and offers for securities and other financial instruments. Market makers enhance liquidity and execution certainty for all market participants, enabling buyers and sellers to efficiently transfer risk, and are compensated for this service by earning a small amount of money on the bid/ask spread. A market maker's success depends on it posting the best available prices and accurately responding to relevant market data in similar and correlated instruments.

          Historically, market making activities occurred on the physical floor of exchanges, where human traders would execute buy and sell orders for securities. Over the last 20 years, however, the global trading markets have been characterized by the electronification of trading, development of new asset classes, volume growth and improving technology and speed of communication. The advent of electronic trading venues has changed the traditional trading process for many types of securities in the equity, bond and currency markets. The practice of physical, "open outcry" trading

 

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has largely been replaced by electronic trading platforms. This shift, and the resulting increase in speed and reduction in trading costs, has led to significant growth in electronic trading volumes, as implied by growth in the aggregate notional value and number of trades on exchanges around the world.

          Market structure has become increasingly complex. Although in some geographies and asset classes trading continues to occur through a single exchange, many markets for many asset classes, such as U.S. and European equities, have become increasingly fragmented. While we believe this fragmentation and related competition have been beneficial to all market participants, leading to more compressed bid/ask spreads and creating deeper liquidity, they have also created greater complexity and has required electronic market makers to expand their infrastructure to connect with more venues, which we believe will enable larger firms with scalable infrastructure, like us, to capture more of these opportunities.

Our Competitive Strengths

          Critical Component of an Efficient Market Eco-System.    As a leading, low-cost market maker dedicated to providing improved efficiency and liquidity across multiple securities, asset classes and geographies, we aim to provide critical market functionality and robust price competition, leading to reduced trading costs and more efficient pricing in the securities and other financial instruments in which we provide liquidity. This contribution to the financial markets, and the scale and diversity of our market making activities, provides added liquidity and transparency, which we believe are necessary and valued components to the efficient functioning of market infrastructure and benefit all market participants. We support transparent and efficient, technologically advanced marketplaces and advocate for legislation and regulation that promotes fair and transparent access to markets.

          Cutting Edge, Proprietary Technology.    Technology is at the core of our business, and we believe it provides us with a significant competitive advantage. Our team of software engineers develops all of our core software internally, and we utilize customized infrastructure to integrate directly with the exchanges and other trading venues on which we provide liquidity. Wherever possible, we lease co-location space at or near, and utilize customized network infrastructure to connect to, the exchanges and other venues where we provide liquidity. We do not pay any licensing or per-trade processing fees to any third parties, and the engineering cycles for enhancements or new technologies are entirely within our control. Our focus on technology and our ability to leverage our technology enables us to be one of the lowest cost providers of liquidity to the global electronic trading marketplace.

          Consistent, Diversified and Growing Revenue Base.    We make markets in more than 10,000 listed securities and other financial instruments on more than 210 unique exchanges, markets and liquidity pools in 30 countries around the world, and we generate revenue by earning small bid/ask spreads on large trading volumes. The reliability and scalability of our technology platform also allow us to capitalize on higher transaction volumes during periods of extraordinary market volatility and are the drivers of our large trading volumes, enabling us to constantly diversify our Adjusted Net Trading Income through asset class and geographic expansion and to deliver consistent profitability. As a result, during the nine months ended September 30, 2013, no single asset class or geography constituted more than 30% of our total Adjusted Net Trading Income. Our diversification, together with our revenue generation strategy of earning small bid/ask spreads on large trading volumes across thousands of securities, enables us to deliver consistent Adjusted Net Trading Income under a wide range of market conditions.

          Low Costs and Large Economies of Scale.    Our high degree of automation, together with our ability to reduce external costs by internalizing certain trade processing functions, enables us to leverage our low market making costs over large trading volumes. Our market making costs are low

 

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due to several factors. As a self-clearing member of the Depository Trust Company ("DTC"), we avoid paying clearing fees to third parties in our U.S. equities market making business. In addition, because of our significant scale, we are able to obtain favorable pricing for trade processing functions and other costs that we do not internalize. Our significant volumes generally place us in the top tiers of favorable brokerage, clearing and exchange fees for venues that provide tiered pricing structures. Our low-cost structure allows us to maintain a marginal cost per trade that we believe is favorable compared to our competitors. Our scale is further demonstrated by our headcount — as of September 30, 2013, we had only 144 employees. Our business efficiency is also reflected in our operating margins and our Adjusted EBITDA margins.

          Real-Time Risk Management.    Our trading is designed to be non-directional, non-speculative and market neutral. Our market making strategies are designed to put minimal capital at risk at any given time by limiting the notional size of our positions. Our strategies are also designed to lock in returns through precise and nearly instantaneous hedging, as we seek to eliminate the price risk in any positions held. Our real-time risk management system is built into our trading platform and is an integral part of our order life-cycle, analyzing real-time pricing data and ensuring that our order activity is conducted within strict pre-determined trading and position limits. If our risk management system detects that a trading strategy is generating revenues outside of our preset limits, it will lockdown that strategy and alert management. In addition, our risk management system continuously reconciles our internal transaction records against the records of the exchanges and other liquidity centers with which we interact. As a result of our successful real-time risk management strategy, we have had only one losing trading day since January 1, 2008.

          Proven and Talented Management Team.    Our management team, with an average of more than 20 years of industry experience, is led by individuals with diverse backgrounds and deep knowledge and experience in the development and application of technology to the electronic trading industry. Mr. Vincent Viola, our Founder and Executive Chairman, is the former Chairman of the NYMEX and has been a market maker his entire career since leaving active duty in the U.S. Army and joining the NYMEX in 1982. Mr. Viola is widely recognized as an innovator and pioneer in market making and electronic trading over his 30-plus year career. Our Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Douglas Cifu has been with us since our founding in 2008 and previously was a Partner with the international law firm of Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP. Mr. Christopher Concannon, our President and Chief Operating Officer, has been with us since 2009. Mr. Concannon's experience includes six years as Executive Vice President of Nasdaq OMX Group, where he was responsible for overseeing all of Nasdaq OMX's U.S. exchanges.

Our Key Growth Strategies

          Capitalize on secular growth in electronic trading of global listed securities markets and continue to increase market penetration.    We expect that global electronic trading volumes will continue to grow, driven by various factors, including technology, globalization, convergence of exchange and non-exchange markets and the evolving regulatory environment. According to the World Federation of Exchanges, the number of equity shares traded through an electronic order book grew at a compound annual rate of 13.7% since 2004, from approximately 3.5 billion shares in 2004 to approximately 9.8 billion shares in 2012. In addition, according to the Futures Industry Association, trading of futures and options on exchanges has grown at a compound annual rate of 11.5% since 2004, from 8.9 billion contracts in 2004 to 21.2 billion contracts in 2012, and we believe that a significant portion of this growth has come from the electronification of trading. Our ability to offer competitive bid and offer quotes, facilitated by our proprietary, scalable technology platform and our low-cost structure, has enabled us to grow our business and add trading volume at little incremental cost, and as a result we expect to be well positioned to capitalize on future growth in the global electronic trading markets, particularly in certain asset classes in which we have lower Adjusted Net Trading Income or are not yet a participant.

 

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          Provide increasing liquidity across a wider range of new securities and other financial instruments.    We believe that the full implementation of the European Markets Infrastructure Regulation and the Dodd-Frank Act in the U.S. will increase transparency, liquidity and efficiency in global trading markets and encourage the further development of trading opportunities in certain asset classes in which highly liquid electronic markets remain limited or nonexistent due to historical reliance on bilateral voice trading and other inefficient processes. The migration of these products to electronic trading will provide us with an opportunity to deploy our technology in asset classes that are not accessible to us currently including, for example, interest rate swaps, interest rate swap futures, credit default swap ("CDS") index futures and over-the-counter ("OTC") energy swaps.

          Grow geographically.    We trade on over 210 unique exchanges, markets and liquidity pools around the world, located in 30 countries. We look to expand into new geographies when access is available to us and the applicable regulatory scheme permits us to deploy our strategy. Given the scalability of our platform, we believe we will be able to expand into new geographies and begin generating revenues quickly with little incremental cost. We intend to continue to expand our market making business into new geographic locations, including locations in the EMEA and APAC markets, where we began making markets in 2008 and 2010, respectively. We entered the Japanese, Australian and certain other Asian markets beginning in late 2011, and we expect those markets to be growth areas for us.

          Leverage our technology to offer additional technology services to market participants.    We believe that our order management, market data, order routing, processing, risk management and market surveillance technology modules offer a key value proposition to market participants and that sharing our technological capabilities with market participants in a manner that expands electronic trading will create more opportunities for market making as trading volumes increase. Recently, we adapted our existing technology to provide a customized automated trading platform for foreign exchange products to a major financial institution. We believe this platform will increase transparency, liquidity and efficiency for that institution and will provide us with a unique opportunity to provide liquidity and market making services directly to other institutions as well.

          Expand customized liquidity solutions.    We also provide liquidity and competitive pricing in foreign currency markets directly to market participants on our own trading platform called "VFX" and through other customized liquidity arrangements. We offered more than 75 different pairs of currency products as of September 30, 2013. We intend to offer this same type of customized liquidity in other asset classes globally.

          Pursue strategic partnerships and acquisitions.    We intend to selectively consider opportunities to grow through strategic partnerships or acquisitions that enhance our existing capabilities or enable us to enter new markets or provide new products and services. For example, the Madison Tyler Transactions described below created economies of scale with substantial synergy opportunities realized to date and allowed us to enhance our international presence. In addition, with our acquisition of the ETF market making assets of Nyenburgh Holding B.V. ("Nyenburgh") in the third quarter of 2012, we became an OTC market maker in ETFs and currently provide two-sided liquidity to over 70 counterparties throughout Europe.

Risks Associated with Our Business

          While we have set forth our competitive strengths and our key growth strategies above, we face numerous risks and uncertainties in operating our business, which may negatively impact our competitive strengths, prevent us from implementing our key growth strategies or have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Below is a summary of certain risk factors associated with our business that you should consider in evaluating an investment in shares of our Class A common stock.

 

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    Because our revenues and profitability depend on trading volume and volatility in the markets in which we operate, they are subject to factors beyond our control, are prone to significant fluctuations and are difficult to predict. Decreases in market volumes and lower levels of volatility generally result in lower revenues from our market making activities, which could inhibit our plans to capitalize on growth in electronic trading, to provide liquidity across a wider range of new securities and other financial instruments and to grow geographically.

    We are dependent upon our trading counterparties and clearing houses to perform their obligations to us. If our trading counterparties do not meet their obligations to us, or if any central clearing parties fail to properly manage defaults by market participants, we could suffer a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

    We may incur material trading losses from our market making activities despite our real-time risk management system.

    We face competition in our market making activities and we may be unable to sustain what we believe are our existing business advantages or compete with new market participants with greater financial and other resources than us.

    Regulatory and legal uncertainties could harm our business. These uncertainties could increase our costs and inhibit our plan to provide liquidity in new securities and other financial instruments as new regulations cause migration of certain products to electronic trading.

    We are subject to risks relating to litigation and potential securities law liability, which could increase our costs and negate any competitive advantage we have based on our low-cost structure.

    We depend on our customized technology, and our future results may be negatively impacted if we cannot maintain the competitive edge that we believe our customized technology provides us in our industry.

    Our reliance on our computer systems and software could expose us to great financial harm if any of our computer systems or software were subject to any material disruption or corruption and could compromise any competitive advantage we have based on our proprietary technology.

    We may experience risks associated with future growth or expansion of our operations or acquisitions or dispositions of businesses, and we may never realize the anticipated benefits of such activities. Although growing geographically and pursuing strategic partnerships and acquisitions are two of our key growth strategies, these activities may not be successful and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

    We are dependent on the continued service of certain key executives, the loss of whom could negatively impact one of our competitive advantages and could have a material adverse effect on our business.

    Our success depends, in part, on our ability to identify, recruit and retain skilled management and technical personnel. If we fail to recruit and retain suitable candidates or if our relationship with our employees changes or deteriorates, it could have a material adverse effect on our business.

          The above list is not exhaustive. See "Risk Factors" on page 25 for a more thorough discussion of these and other risks and uncertainties we face.

 

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Corporate History and Organizational Structure

          We and our predecessors have been in the electronic trading and market making business for approximately 12 years. We currently conduct our business through Virtu Financial and its subsidiaries. On July 8, 2011, we completed our acquisition of Madison Tyler Holdings, LLC ("Madison Tyler Holdings"), which was co-founded in 2002 by Mr. Vincent Viola, our Founder and Executive Chairman. In connection with the acquisition, Virtu Financial paid approximately $536.5 million in cash and issued membership interests in Virtu Financial to the members of Madison Tyler Holdings and Virtu Financial Operating LLC ("Virtu East"). We refer to the acquisition of Madison Tyler Holdings and the related transactions as the "Madison Tyler Transactions." To finance the Madison Tyler Transactions, (i) an affiliate of Silver Lake Partners invested approximately $250.0 million in Virtu Financial, (ii) an affiliate of Mr. Viola invested approximately $19.6 million in Virtu Financial and (iii) Virtu Financial borrowed approximately $304.4 million, net of fees and expenses, under a term loan facility, as amended to date, which we refer to as our "senior secured credit facility." The business that comprises Virtu Financial today is the result of the Madison Tyler Transactions, which combined Virtu East, our historical business, with Madison Tyler Holdings.

The Reorganization Transactions

          Prior to the consummation of the reorganization transactions described below and this offering, all of Virtu Financial's outstanding equity interests, including its Class A-1 interests, Class A-2 capital interests, Class A-2 profits interests and Class B interests, are owned by the following persons, whom we refer to collectively as the "Virtu Pre-IPO Members":

    three affiliates of Mr. Viola, whom we refer to collectively as the "Founder Pre-IPO Members";

    an affiliate of Silver Lake Partners, whom we refer to as the "Silver Lake Pre-IPO Member";

    two entities, both of which are managed by Mr. Viola, whose equityholders include certain members of the management of Virtu Financial, whom we refer to together as the "Management Vehicles." Certain of the equity interests held by the Management Vehicles are subject to vesting restrictions; and

    certain current and former members of the management of Virtu Financial and Madison Tyler Holdings and their affiliates, whom we refer to collectively as the "Management Members." Certain of the equity interests held by the Management Members are subject to vesting restrictions.

          Prior to the completion of this offering, we intend to commence an internal reorganization, which we refer to as the "reorganization transactions." In connection with the reorganization transactions, the following steps will occur:

    we will become the sole managing member of Virtu Financial;

    two of the Founder Pre-IPO Members will liquidate and distribute their equity interests in Virtu Financial to their equityholders, one of whom is TJMT Holdings LLC, the third Founder Pre-IPO Member;

    the Silver Lake Pre-IPO Member will distribute its equity interests in Virtu Financial to its equityholders, which consist of investment funds and other entities affiliated with Silver Lake Partners;

    following a series of transactions, we will acquire equity interests in Virtu Financial as a result of the merger of an affiliate of Silver Lake Partners into a wholly owned subsidiary of ours, and in exchange we will issue to SLP III EW Feeder I, L.P., another affiliate of Silver Lake Partners whom we refer to as the "Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder," shares of our Class A common stock and rights to receive payments under a tax receivable agreement

 

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      described below. The number of shares of Class A common stock to be issued to the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder will be based on the value of the Virtu Financial equity interests that we acquire, which will be determined based on a hypothetical liquidation of Virtu Financial and the initial public offering price per share of our Class A common stock in this offering;

    all of the existing equity interests in Virtu Financial will be reclassified into Virtu Financial's non-voting common interest units, which we refer to as "Virtu Financial Units." The number of Virtu Financial Units to be issued to each member of Virtu Financial will be determined based on a hypothetical liquidation of Virtu Financial and the initial public offering price per share of our Class A common stock in this offering. The Virtu Financial Units received by one of the Management Vehicles and the Management Members will have the same vesting restrictions as the equity interests being reclassified. Unvested Virtu Financial Units will be entitled, like vested Virtu Financial Units, to receive distributions, if any, from Virtu Financial, unless and until such unvested Virtu Financial Units are forfeited. If any unvested Virtu Financial Units are forfeited, they will be cancelled by Virtu Financial for no consideration (and we will cancel the related shares of Class C common stock (described below) for no consideration);

    we will amend and restate our certificate of incorporation and will be authorized to issue four classes of common stock: Class A common stock, Class B common stock, Class C common stock and Class D common stock, which we refer to collectively as our "common stock." The Class A common stock and Class C common stock will each provide holders with one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders, and the Class B common stock and Class D common stock will each provide holders with 10 votes on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. The holders of Class C common stock and Class D common stock will not have any of the economic rights (including rights to dividends and distributions upon liquidation) provided to holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock. These attributes are summarized in the following table:

Class of Common Stock
  Votes   Economic Rights

Class A common stock

    1   Yes

Class B common stock

    10   Yes

Class C common stock

    1   No

Class D common stock

    10   No

      Shares of our common stock will generally vote together as a single class on all matters submitted to a vote of our stockholders;

    the remaining members of Virtu Financial after giving effect to the reorganization transactions, other than us, whom we refer to collectively as the "Virtu Post-IPO Members," will subscribe for and purchase shares of our common stock as follows, in each case at a purchase price of $0.00001 per share and in an amount equal to the number of Virtu Financial Units held by each such Virtu Post-IPO Member:

    TJMT Holdings LLC, whom we refer to as the "Founder Post-IPO Member," will purchase                  shares of our Class D common stock; and

    certain investment funds and other entities affiliated with Silver Lake Partners, whom we refer to as the "Silver Lake Post-IPO Members," the Management Vehicles, the Management Members and the other pre-IPO investors will purchase                  shares of our Class C common stock; and

    the Founder Post-IPO Member will be granted the right to exchange its Virtu Financial Units, together with a corresponding number of shares of our Class D common stock, for shares of our Class B common stock, and the other Virtu Post-IPO Members will be granted the right to exchange their Virtu Financial Units, together with a corresponding number of

 

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      shares of our Class C common stock, for shares of our Class A common stock. Each share of our Class B common stock and Class D common stock is convertible at any time, at the option of the holder, into one share of Class A common stock or Class C common stock, respectively.

          See "Organizational Structure" for further details.

          After the completion of this offering, based on an assumed initial public offering price of $             per share (the midpoint of the estimated public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), we intend to use the net proceeds from this offering as follows:

    we intend to contribute $              million of the net proceeds from this offering to Virtu Financial in exchange for a number of Virtu Financial Units equal to the contribution amount divided by the price paid by the underwriters for shares of our Class A common stock in this offering, and such contribution amount will be used by Virtu Financial for working capital and general corporate purposes, which may include financing growth; and

    we intend to use the remaining approximately $              million of the net proceeds from this offering to repurchase                          shares of Class A common stock from the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder and                          Virtu Financial Units and corresponding shares of Class C common stock from certain of the Virtu Post-IPO Members, including certain members of management (or $              million of the net proceeds from this offering,                           shares of Class A common stock and                          Virtu Financial Units and corresponding shares of Class C common stock if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares), in each case at a price equal to the price paid by the underwriters for shares of our Class A common stock in this offering. None of the Founder Pre-IPO Members, the Founder Post-IPO Member nor Mr. Viola or any of his family members intends to sell any equity interests in the Company in connection with the reorganization transactions or this offering.

          See "Use of Proceeds" and "Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions — Purchases from Equityholders" for further details.

 

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          The following diagram depicts our organizational structure following the reorganization transactions, this offering and the application of the net proceeds from this offering (assuming an initial public offering price of $             per share (the midpoint of the estimated public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus) and no exercise of the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares). This chart is provided for illustrative purposes only and does not purport to represent all legal entities within our organization:

GRAPHIC


*
Excludes                          unvested Virtu Financial Units and corresponding shares of Class C common stock.

          In connection with the reorganization transactions, we will be appointed as the sole managing member of Virtu Financial pursuant to Virtu Financial's limited liability company agreement. Because we will manage and operate the business and control the strategic decisions and day-to-day operations of Virtu Financial and will also have a substantial financial interest in Virtu Financial, we will consolidate the financial results of Virtu Financial, and a portion of our net income (loss) will be allocated to the non-controlling interest to reflect the entitlement of the Virtu Post-IPO Members to a portion of Virtu Financial's net income (loss). In addition, because Virtu Financial will be under the common control of Mr. Viola and his affiliates before and after the reorganization transactions, we will account for the reorganization transactions as a reorganization of entities under common control and will initially measure the interests of the Virtu Pre-IPO Members in the assets and liabilities of Virtu Financial at their carrying amounts as of the date of the completion of this reorganization transactions.

          Upon the completion of this offering and the application of the net proceeds from this offering, based on an assumed initial public offering price of $             per share (the midpoint of the estimated public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus) and assuming no exercise of the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares, we will hold approximately         

 

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% of the outstanding Virtu Financial Units, the Virtu Post-IPO Members will hold approximately         % of the outstanding Virtu Financial Units and approximately         % of the combined voting power of our outstanding common stock, the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder will indirectly own (through us) a          % equity interest in Virtu Financial and hold approximately         % of the combined voting power of our common stock and the investors in this offering will indirectly own (through us) a         % equity interest in Virtu Financial and hold approximately         % of the combined voting power of our common stock. See "Organizational Structure," "Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions" and "Description of Capital Stock" for more information on the rights associated with our capital stock and the Virtu Financial Units.

          In connection with the reorganization transactions, we will acquire existing equity interests in Virtu Financial from an affiliate of Silver Lake Partners. In addition, as described above, we intend to use a portion of the net proceeds from this offering to repurchase (i) Class A common stock from the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder and (ii) Virtu Financial Units and corresponding shares of Class C common stock from certain Virtu Post-IPO Members, including certain members of management. These acquisitions of interests in Virtu Financial will result in tax basis adjustments to the assets of Virtu Financial that will be allocated to us and our subsidiaries. In addition, future exchanges by the Virtu Post-IPO Members of Virtu Financial Units and corresponding shares of Class C common stock or Class D common stock, as the case may be, for shares of our Class A common stock or Class B common stock, respectively, are expected to produce favorable tax attributes. These tax attributes would not be available to us in the absence of those transactions. In connection with the reorganization transactions, we will enter into tax receivable agreements that will obligate us to make payments to the Virtu Post-IPO Members and the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder generally equal to 85% of the applicable cash savings that we actually realize as a result of these tax attributes and tax attributes resulting from payments made under the tax receivable agreement. We will retain the benefit of the remaining 15% of these tax savings. See "Organizational Structure — Holding Company Structure and Tax Receivable Agreements" and "Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions — Tax Receivable Agreements."

New Revolving Credit Facility

          In connection with this offering, we intend to enter into a new unsecured $              million revolving credit facility, which we refer to as the "new revolving credit facility." We expect that the new revolving credit facility will include certain financial covenants and negative covenants. There can be no assurance that we will successfully enter into the new revolving credit facility.

Our Principal Equityholders

          Following the reorganization transactions and this offering, the Founder Post-IPO Member will control approximately         % of the combined voting power of our outstanding common stock (or         % if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full) based on an assumed initial public offering price of $             per share (the midpoint of the estimated public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus). As a result, the Founder Post-IPO Member will control any action requiring the general approval of our stockholders, including the election of our board of directors, the adoption of amendments to our certificate of incorporation and by-laws and the approval of any merger or sale of substantially all of our assets. Because the Founder Post-IPO Member will hold more than 50% of the combined voting power of our outstanding common stock, we will be a "controlled company" under the corporate governance rules for NASDAQ-listed companies. Therefore we will be permitted to, and we intend to, elect not to comply with certain NASDAQ corporate governance requirements. See "Management — Controlled Company."

 

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          In addition, we will enter into a stockholders agreement that will provide affiliates of Silver Lake Partners with the right to nominate one director for election to our board of directors so long as affiliates of Silver Lake Partners continue to own at least 30% of the Class A common stock held by affiliates of Silver Lake Partners immediately prior to this offering (calculated assuming that all of their Virtu Financial Units and corresponding shares of Class C common stock are exchanged for Class A common stock). The Founder Post-IPO Member will agree to vote its shares in favor of the nominee. See "Principal Stockholders" and "Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions — Stockholders Agreement" for additional information. We refer to affiliates of Silver Lake Partners that own equity interests in our Company from time to time as the "Silver Lake Equityholders."

          The Founder Post-IPO Member is controlled by family members of Mr. Viola, our Founder and Executive Chairman. Mr. Viola has successfully led our Company since our inception and is one of the nation's foremost leaders in electronic trading. He was the founder of Virtu East in 2008, a founder of Madison Tyler Holdings in 2002 and the former Chairman of the New York Mercantile Exchange ("NYMEX"). None of the Founder Pre-IPO Members, the Founder Post-IPO Member nor Mr. Viola or any of his family members intends to sell any equity interests in the Company in connection with the reorganization transactions or this offering.

          Silver Lake is a global investment firm focused on the technology, technology-enabled and related growth industries with offices in Silicon Valley, New York, London, Hong Kong, Shanghai and Tokyo. Silver Lake was founded in 1999 and has over $20 billion in combined assets under management and committed capital across its large-cap private equity, middle-market private equity, growth equity and credit investment strategies.

Corporate Information

          We were formed as a Delaware corporation on October 16, 2013. We are a newly formed corporation, have no material assets and have not engaged in any business or other activities except in connection with the reorganization transactions described under "Organizational Structure." Our corporate headquarters are located at 645 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10022, and our telephone number is (212) 418-0100. Our website address is www.virtu.com. Information contained on our website does not constitute a part of this prospectus.

 

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The Offering

Class A common stock outstanding before this offering                shares.

Class A common stock offered by us

 

             shares.

Option to purchase additional shares

 

We have granted the underwriters the right to purchase an additional             shares of Class A common stock from us within 30 days from the date of this prospectus.

Class A common stock to be outstanding immediately after this offering

 

             shares (         % of which would be owned by non-affiliates of the Company) (or             shares (         % of which would be owned by non-affiliates of the Company) if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full) based on an assumed initial public offering price of $             per share (the midpoint of the estimated public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus). If, immediately after this offering and the application of the net proceeds from this offering, all of the Virtu Post-IPO Members elected to exchange their Virtu Financial Units and corresponding shares of Class C common stock or Class D common stock, as applicable, for shares of our Class A common stock or Class B common stock, as applicable, and any such shares of our Class B common stock were then converted into shares of Class A common stock,             shares of our Class A common stock would be outstanding (         % of which would be owned by non-affiliates of the Company) (or             shares (         % of which would be owned by non-affiliates of the Company) if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full).

Class B common stock to be outstanding immediately after this offering

 

None.

Class C common stock to be outstanding immediately after this offering

 

             shares (or             shares if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full) based on an assumed initial public offering price of $             per share (the midpoint of the estimated public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus). Shares of our Class C common stock have voting but no economic rights (including rights to dividends and distributions upon liquidation) and will be issued in an amount equal to the number of Virtu Financial Units held by the Virtu Post-IPO Members other than the Founder Post-IPO Member. When a Virtu Financial Unit, together with a share of our Class C common stock, is exchanged for a share of our Class A common stock, the corresponding share of our Class C common stock will be cancelled.

 

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Class D common stock to be outstanding immediately after this offering                shares based on an assumed initial public offering price of $             per share (the midpoint of the estimated public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus). Shares of our Class D common stock have voting but no economic rights (including rights to dividends and distributions upon liquidation) and will be issued in an amount equal to the number of Virtu Financial Units held by the Founder Post-IPO Member. When a Virtu Financial Unit, together with a share of our Class D common stock, is exchanged for a share of our Class B common stock, the corresponding share of our Class D common stock will be cancelled.

Voting rights

 

Each share of our Class A common stock entitles its holder to one vote per share, representing an aggregate of             % of the combined voting power of our issued and outstanding common stock upon the completion of this offering and the application of the net proceeds from this offering (or             % if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full).

 

 

Each share of our Class B common stock entitles its holder to 10 votes per share. Because no shares of Class B common stock will be issued and outstanding upon the completion of this offering and the application of the net proceeds from this offering, our Class B common stock will initially represent none of the combined voting power of our issued and outstanding common stock.

 

 

Each share of our Class C common stock entitles its holder to one vote per share, representing an aggregate of             % of the combined voting power of our issued and outstanding common stock upon the completion of this offering and the application of the net proceeds from this offering (or             % if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full).

 

 

Each share of our Class D common stock entitles its holder to 10 votes per share, representing an aggregate of             % of the combined voting power of our issued and outstanding common stock upon the completion of this offering and the application of the net proceeds from this offering (or             % if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full).

 

 

All classes of our common stock generally vote together as a single class on all matters submitted to a vote of our stockholders. Upon the completion of this offering, our Class D common stock will be held exclusively by the Founder Post-IPO Member and our Class C common stock will be held by the Virtu Post-IPO Members other than the Founder Post-IPO Member. See "Description of Capital Stock."

 

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Exchange/conversion   Virtu Financial Units held by the Founder Post-IPO Member, together with a corresponding number of shares of our Class D common stock, may be exchanged for shares of our Class B common stock on a one-for-one basis.

 

 

Virtu Financial Units held by the Virtu Post-IPO Members other than the Founder Post-IPO Member, together with a corresponding number of shares of our Class C common stock, may be exchanged for shares of our Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis.

 

 

Each share of our Class B common stock and Class D common stock is convertible at any time, at the option of the holder, into one share of Class A common stock or Class C common stock, respectively.

 

 

Each share of our Class B common stock will automatically convert into one share of Class A common stock and each share of our Class D common stock will automatically convert into one share of our Class C common stock (a) immediately prior to any sale or other transfer of such share by the Founder Post-IPO Member or any of its affiliates or permitted transferees, subject to certain limited exceptions, such as transfers to permitted transferees, or (b) if the Founder Post-IPO Member or any of its affiliates or permitted transferees own less than 25% of our issued and outstanding common stock. See "Description of Capital Stock."

Use of proceeds

 

We estimate that our net proceeds from this offering will be approximately $              million (or approximately $              million if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full), after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses of approximately $              million, based on an assumed initial offering price of $              per share (the midpoint of the estimated public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus). We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering as follows:

 

we intend to contribute $              million of the net proceeds from this offering to Virtu Financial in exchange for a number of Virtu Financial Units equal to such contribution amount divided by the price paid by the underwriters for shares of our Class A common stock in this offering, and such contribution amount will be used by Virtu Financial for working capital and general corporate purposes, which may include financing growth; and

 

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we intend to use the remaining approximately $              million of the net proceeds from this offering to repurchase              shares of Class A common stock from the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder and              Virtu Financial Units and corresponding shares of Class C common stock from certain of the Virtu Post-IPO Members, including certain members of management (or $              million of the net proceeds from this offering,              shares of Class A common stock and              Virtu Financial Units and corresponding shares of Class C common stock if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full), in each case at a price equal to the price paid by the underwriters for shares of our Class A common stock in this offering. None of the Founder Pre-IPO Members, the Founder Post-IPO Member nor Mr. Viola or any of his family members intends to sell any equity interests in the Company in connection with the reorganization transactions or this offering.


 

 

See "Use of Proceeds" for further details.

Dividend policy

 

Commencing with the fiscal quarter ending             , we intend to pay a quarterly dividend of $             per share to holders of our Class A common stock. The payment of dividends will be subject to general economic and business conditions, including our financial condition and results of operations, capital requirements, contractual restrictions, including restrictions contained in the credit agreement governing our senior secured credit facility, which we refer to as our "credit agreement," business prospects and other factors that our board of directors considers relevant.

 

 

Because we will be a holding company and our principal asset after the consummation of this offering will be our direct and indirect equity interests in Virtu Financial, we will fund dividends by causing Virtu Financial to make distributions to its equityholders, including the Founder Post-IPO Member, the Silver Lake Post-IPO Members, the Management Vehicles, the Management Members and us.

 

 

Following the consummation of this offering, before any other distributions are made to us and the Virtu Post-IPO Members by Virtu Financial, Virtu Financial will distribute to certain Virtu Pre-IPO Members as of immediately prior to the commencement of the reorganization transactions, pro rata in accordance with their respective interests in classes of equity entitled to participate in operating cash flow (as defined under "Dividend Policy") distributions, operating cash flow of Virtu Financial and its subsidiaries for the fiscal period beginning on             and ending on the date of the consummation of the reorganization transactions, less any reserves established during this period and less any operating cash flow for this period previously distributed to such Virtu Pre-IPO Members. We expect this distribution to be for an aggregate amount of approximately $             and to be funded from cash on hand.

 

 

See "Dividend Policy."

 

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Proposed NASDAQ symbol   "VIRT."

Risk factors

 

You should read the "Risk Factors" section of this prospectus for a discussion of factors that you should consider carefully before deciding to invest in shares of our Class A common stock.

          Unless we indicate otherwise, the number of shares of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock outstanding after this offering excludes:

    shares issuable pursuant to options to purchase shares of Class A common stock or restricted stock units with respect to                          shares of Class A common stock, and shares issuable pursuant to options to purchase shares of Class B common stock or restricted stock units with respect to                           shares of Class B common stock, that may be granted in connection with this offering under the Virtu Financial, Inc. 2014 Management Incentive Plan (the "2014 Management Incentive Plan"). See "Executive Compensation — 2014 Management Incentive Plan";

    shares of Class A common stock reserved for issuance upon the exchange of Virtu Financial Units (together with the corresponding shares of our Class C common stock), and shares of Class B common stock reserved for issuance upon the exchange of Virtu Financial Units (together with the corresponding shares of our Class D common stock); and

    shares of our Class A common stock reserved for issuance upon the conversion of our Class B common stock into Class A common stock.

          Unless we indicate otherwise, all information in this prospectus assumes (i) that the underwriters do not exercise their option to purchase up to                          additional shares from us and (ii) an initial public offering price of $             per share (the midpoint of the estimated public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus).

 

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Summary Historical and Pro Forma Consolidated Financial and Other Data

          The following tables set forth summary historical consolidated financial and other data of Virtu Financial for the periods presented. We were formed as a Delaware corporation on October 16, 2013 and have not, to date, conducted any activities other than those incident to our formation and the preparation of this prospectus and the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.

          The consolidated statements of comprehensive income data for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 and statements of financial condition data as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 have been derived from Virtu Financial's audited financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The consolidated statements of comprehensive income data for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 and statement of financial condition data as of September 30, 2013 have been derived from Virtu Financial's unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus and have been prepared on the same basis as Virtu Financial's audited financial statements. In the opinion of management, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial data include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the information. The results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 are not necessarily indicative of the results that can be expected for the full year or any future period.

          The pro forma consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2012 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 give effect to (i) the reorganization transactions described under "Organizational Structure" and (ii) the creation or acquisition of certain tax assets in connection with this offering and the reorganization transactions and the creation of related liabilities in connection with entering into the tax receivable agreements with the Virtu Post-IPO Members and the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder, as if each had occurred on January 1, 2012. The pro forma consolidated statement of financial condition data as of September 30, 2013 give effect to (i) the reorganization transactions described under "Organizational Structure," (ii) the creation or acquisition of certain tax assets in connection with this offering and the reorganization transactions and the creation of related liabilities in connection with entering into the tax receivable agreements with the Virtu Post-IPO Members and the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder, (iii) this offering and the application of the net proceeds from this offering and (iv) a one-time distribution to occur following the consummation of this offering described under "Dividend Policy," as if each had occurred on September 30, 2013. See "Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information."

          The summary historical and pro forma consolidated financial and other data presented below do not purport to be indicative of the results that can be expected for any future period and should be read together with "Capitalization," "Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information," "Selected Consolidated Financial Data," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and

 

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Results of Operations" and our and Virtu Financial's respective audited and unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 
  Pro Forma
Nine
Months
Ended
Sept. 30,
2013
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
  Nine Months Ended
Sept. 30,
   
  Years Ended
Dec. 31,
 
 
  Pro Forma
Year Ended
Dec. 31,
2012
 
(In thousands)
  2013   2012   2012   2011  

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income Data(1):

                                     

Revenues

                                     

Trading income, net

  $     $ 471,558   $ 440,456   $     $ 581,476   $ 449,360  

Interest and dividends income

          23,133     25,485           34,152     11,851  

Technology services

          6,570                    
                           

Total revenues

          501,261     465,941           615,628     461,211  

Operating Expenses

                                     

Brokerage, exchange and clearance fees, net

          146,721     151,213           200,587     148,020  

Communication and data processing

          45,080     42,394           55,384     46,109  

Employee compensation and payroll taxes

          54,048     48,525           63,836     46,344  

Interest and dividends expense

          32,432     36,503           48,735     24,093  

Operations and administrative

          17,856     13,675           27,826     7,986  

Depreciation and amortization

          17,629     12,372           17,975     12,074  

Amortization of purchased intangibles and acquired capitalized software

          758     58,673           71,654     37,820  

Acquisition cost

                        69     18,843  

Acquisition related retention bonus

          4,656     4,698           6,151     4,325  

Impairment of intangible assets

                        1,489      

Lease abandonment

              6,134           6,134      

Debt issue cost related to debt refinancing(2)

          5,632                    

Financing interest expense on senior secured credit facility

          17,085     20,295           26,460     14,608  
                           

Total operating expenses

          341,897     394,482           526,300     360,222  
                           

Income before income taxes

          159,364     71,459           89,328     100,989  

Provision for income taxes

          (4,033 )   (2,245 )         (1,768 )   (11,697 )
                           

Net income

  $     $ 155,331   $ 69,214   $     $ 87,560   $ 89,292  

Net income attributable to non-controlling interest

                             
                           

Net income attributable to Virtu Financial, Inc. 

                             
                           

Basic and diluted earnings per share to Class A common stockholders:

                                     

Basic

                             

Diluted

                             

Weighted average number of shares used in computing earnings per share:

                                     

Basic

                             

Diluted

                             

Other Comprehensive Income, net of taxes

                                     

Foreign exchange translation adjustment

          724     (385 )         548     (488 )
                           

Comprehensive income

  $     $ 156,055   $ 68,829   $     $ 88,108   $ 88,804  
                           

 

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  Pro Forma
as of
Sept. 30,
2013
   
  Pro Forma
as of
Dec. 31,
2012
  As of Dec. 31,  
 
  As of
Sept. 30,
2013
 
(In thousands)
  2012   2011  

Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition Data:

                               

Cash and cash equivalents

  $     $ 66,959   $     $ 39,978   $ 36,100  

Total assets

          4,132,095           3,208,947     3,419,401  

Senior secured credit facility

          402,752           256,309     302,569  

Total liabilities

          3,594,166           2,518,712     2,691,240  

Class A-1 redeemable membership interest(3)

        250,000         250,000     250,000  

Total members'/stockholders' equity

          287,929           440,235     478,161  

 

 
  Pro Forma
Nine
Months
Ended
Sept. 30,
2013
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
  Nine Months Ended
Sept. 30,
   
  Years Ended
Dec. 31,
 
 
  Pro Forma
Year Ended
Dec. 31,
2012
 
(In thousands)
  2013   2012   2012   2011  

Unaudited Financial Data:

                                     

Adjusted Net Income(4)

  $     $ 174,616   $ 146,141   $     $ 188,305   $ 157,700  

EBITDA(4)

          200,468     162,799           205,417     165,491  

Adjusted EBITDA(4)

          213,363     181,053           234,508     196,079  

Adjusted Net Trading Income(5)

          315,538     278,225           366,306     289,098  

Operating margin(6)

          55 %   53 %         51 %   55 %

Adjusted EBITDA margin(6)

          68 %   65 %         64 %   68 %

(1)
The Madison Tyler Transactions occurred on July 8, 2011, and as a result the consolidated statement of comprehensive income data for the year ended December 31, 2011 are not necessarily comparable to the consolidated statement of comprehensive income data for each of the other historical periods presented. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Components of Our Operating Results — Acquisition and Purchase Accounting — Madison Tyler Transactions.

(2)
In connection with the Madison Tyler Transactions, we borrowed $320.0 million under our original senior secured credit facility, which was subsequently refinanced. A portion of certain financing costs incurred in connection with the original credit facility that were scheduled to be amortized over the five-year term of the loan, including original issue discount and underwriting and legal fees, were accelerated and recognized at the closing of the refinancing.

(3)
The Class A-1 interests of Virtu Financial are convertible by the holders at any time into an equivalent number of Class A-2 capital interests of Virtu Financial and, in a sale or other specified capital transaction, holders are entitled to receive distributions up to specified preference amounts before holders of Class A-2 capital interests are entitled to receive distributions. In connection with the reorganization transactions, all of the existing equity interests in Virtu Financial will be reclassified into Virtu Financial Units. See "Organizational Structure — The Reorganization Transactions."

(4)
"Adjusted Net Income" measures our operating performance by adjusting net income to exclude amortization of purchased intangibles and acquired capitalized software, debt issue cost related to debt refinancing, impairment of intangible assets, lease abandonment, acquisition cost, terminated transaction fees and expenses, severance, acquisition related retention bonus and stock-based compensation expense. "EBITDA" measures our operating performance by adjusting net income to exclude financing interest expense on senior secured credit facility, debt issue cost related to debt refinancing, depreciation and amortization, amortization of purchased intangibles and acquired capitalized software and income tax expense, and "Adjusted EBITDA" measures our operating performance by further adjusting EBITDA to exclude impairment of intangible assets, lease abandonment, terminated transaction fees and expenses, severance, acquisition related retention bonus and stock-based compensation expense. Adjusted Net Income, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are non-GAAP financial measures used by management in evaluating operating performance and in making strategic decisions. In addition, Adjusted Net Income, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA or similar non-GAAP measures are used by research analysts, investment bankers and lenders to assess our operating performance. Management believes that the presentation of Adjusted Net Income, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA provides useful information to investors regarding our results of operations because it assists both investors and management in analyzing and benchmarking the performance and value of our business. Adjusted Net Income, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA provide indicators of general economic performance that are not affected by fluctuations in certain costs or other items. Accordingly, management believes that these measurements are useful for comparing general operating performance from period to period. Furthermore, our credit agreement contains

 

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    covenants and other tests based on metrics similar to Adjusted EBITDA. Other companies may define Adjusted Net Income or Adjusted EBITDA differently, and as a result our measures of Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted EBITDA may not be directly comparable to those of other companies. Although we use Adjusted Net Income, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA as financial measures to assess the performance of our business, such use is limited because they do not include certain material costs necessary to operate our business. Adjusted Net Income, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for, net income in accordance with U.S. GAAP as a measure of performance. Our presentation of Adjusted Net Income, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA should not be construed as an indication that our future results will be unaffected by unusual or nonrecurring items. Adjusted Net Income and our EBITDA-based measures have limitations as analytical tools, and you should not consider them in isolation or as substitutes for analysis of our results as reported under U.S. GAAP. Some of these limitations are:

    they do not reflect every cash expenditure, future requirements for capital expenditures or contractual commitments;

    our EBITDA-based measures do not reflect the significant interest expense or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payment on our debt;

    although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized will often have to be replaced or require improvements in the future, and our EBITDA-based measures do not reflect any cash requirement for such replacements or improvements;

    they are not adjusted for all non-cash income or expense items that are reflected in our statements of cash flows;

    they do not reflect the impact of earnings or charges resulting from matters we consider not to be indicative of our ongoing operations; and

    they do not reflect limitations on our costs related to transferring earnings from our subsidiaries to us.


Because of these limitations, Adjusted Net Income, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are not intended as alternatives to net income (loss) as indicators of our operating performance and should not be considered as measures of discretionary cash available to us to invest in the growth of our business or as measures of cash that will be available to us to meet our obligations. We compensate for these limitations by using Adjusted Net Income, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA along with other comparative tools, together with U.S. GAAP measurements, to assist in the evaluation of operating performance. These U.S. GAAP measurements include operating income (loss), net income (loss), cash flows from operations and cash flow data. Our U.S. GAAP-based measures can be found in our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.

          The following table reconciles net income to Adjusted Net Income:

 
  Pro Forma
Nine
Months
Ended
Sept. 30,
2013
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
  Nine Months Ended Sept. 30,    
   
   
 
 
  Pro Forma
Year Ended
Dec. 31,
2012
  Years Ended Dec. 31,  
(In thousands)
  2013   2012   2012   2011  

Net income

  $     $ 155,331   $ 69,214   $     $ 87,560   $ 89,292  

Amortization of purchased intangibles and acquired capitalized software

          758     58,673           71,654     37,820  

Debt issue cost related to debt refinancing

          5,632                    

Impairment of intangible assets

                        1,489      

Lease abandonment

              6,134           6,134      

Acquisition cost

                        69     18,843  

Terminated transaction fees and expenses(a)

                        4,727      

Severance(b)

          1,665     1,124           2,123      

Acquisition related retention bonus

          4,656     4,698           6,151     4,325  

Stock-based compensation

          6,574     6,298           8,398     7,420  
                           

Adjusted Net Income

  $     $ 174,616   $ 146,141   $     $ 188,305   $ 157,700  
                           
    (a)
    Represents $4.7 million expense incurred in connection with our attempt to purchase a publicly traded market making and financial services firm during the year ended December 31, 2012 and the professional and other fees incurred in connection therewith.

    (b)
    Represents expense of $1.7 million and $2.1 million incurred for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and the year ended December 31, 2012, respectively, primarily relating to the cessation of our London operations.

 

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The following table reconciles net income to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA:

 
  Pro Forma
Nine
Months
Ended
Sept. 30,
2013
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
  Nine Months Ended
Sept. 30,
   
   
   
 
 
  Pro Forma
Year Ended
Dec. 31,
2012
  Years Ended Dec. 31,  
(In thousands)
  2013   2012   2012   2011  

Net income

  $     $ 155,331   $ 69,214   $     $ 87,560   $ 89,292  

Financing interest expense on senior secured credit facility

          17,085     20,295           26,460     14,608  

Debt issue cost related to debt refinancing

          5,632                    

Depreciation and amortization

          17,629     12,372           17,975     12,074  

Amortization of purchased intangibles and acquired capitalized software

          758     58,673           71,654     37,820  

Income tax expense

          4,033     2,245           1,768     11,697  
                           

EBITDA

  $     $ 200,468   $ 162,799   $     $ 205,417   $ 165,491  
                           

Impairment of intangible assets

                        1,489      

Lease abandonment

              6,134           6,134      

Acquisition cost

                        69     18,843  

Terminated transaction fees and expenses(a)

                        4,727      

Severance(b)

          1,665     1,124           2,123      

Acquisition related retention bonus

          4,656     4,698           6,151     4,325  

Stock-based compensation

          6,574     6,298           8,398     7,420  
                           

Adjusted EBITDA

  $     $ 213,363   $ 181,053   $     $ 234,508   $ 196,079  
                           
    (a)
    Represents $4.7 million expense incurred in connection with our attempt to purchase a publicly traded market making and financial services firm during the year ended December 31, 2012 and the professional and other fees incurred in connection therewith.

    (b)
    Represents expense of $1.7 million and $2.1 million incurred for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and the year ended December 31, 2012, respectively, primarily relating to the cessation of our London operations.
(5)
"Adjusted Net Trading Income" is the amount of revenue we generate from our market making activities, or trading income, net, plus interest and dividends income and expense, net, less direct costs associated with those revenues, including brokerage, exchange and clearance fees, net. Rather than analyzing these components of our operating results individually, we generally view them on an aggregate basis in the context of Adjusted Net Trading Income. Adjusted Net Trading Income is a non-GAAP financial measure. Our total Adjusted Net Trading Income is the primary metric used by management in evaluating performance, making strategic decisions and allocating resources, and the primary factor influencing Adjusted Net Trading Income is volume levels. Management believes that the presentation of Adjusted Net Trading Income provides useful information to investors regarding our results of operations because it assists both investors and management in analyzing and benchmarking the performance and value of our business. Adjusted Net Trading Income provides an indicator of the performance of our market making activities that is not affected by revenues or expenses that are not directly associated with such activities. Accordingly, management believes that this measurement is useful for comparing general operating performance from period to period. Although we use Adjusted Net Trading Income as a financial measure to assess the performance of our business, the use of Adjusted Net Trading Income is limited because it does not include certain material costs that are necessary to operate our business. Adjusted Net Trading Income should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for, trading income, net, in accordance with U.S. GAAP as a measure of performance. Our presentation of Adjusted Net Trading Income should not be construed as an indication that our future results will be unaffected by revenues or expenses that are not directly associated with our market making activities. Adjusted Net Trading Income is limited as an analytical tool, and you should not consider it in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under U.S. GAAP. Our U.S. GAAP-based measures can be found in our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

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          The following table reconciles trading income, net, to Adjusted Net Trading Income:

 
  Nine Months Ended
Sept. 30,
  Years Ended Dec. 31,  
(In thousands)
  2013   2012   2012   2011  

Trading income, net

  $ 471,558   $ 440,456   $ 581,476   $ 449,360  

Interest and dividends income and expense, net

    (9,299 )   (11,018 )   (14,583 )   (12,242 )

Brokerage, exchange and clearance fees, net

    (146,721 )   (151,213 )   (200,587 )   (148,020 )
                   

Adjusted Net Trading Income

  $ 315,538   $ 278,225   $ 366,306   $ 289,098  
                   
(6)
We calculate "operating margin" by dividing Adjusted Net Income by Adjusted Net Trading Income. We calculate "Adjusted EBITDA margin" by dividing Adjusted EBITDA by Adjusted Net Trading Income. Operating margin and Adjusted EBITDA margin are non-GAAP financial measures used by management in evaluating operating performance and in making strategic decisions. Other companies may define operating margin and Adjusted EBITDA margin differently, and as a result our measures may not be directly comparable to those of other companies. These measures should be considered in addition to, rather than as a substitute for, the comparable U.S. GAAP financial measures as measures of our operating performance.

          The following table shows our Adjusted Net Trading Income, average daily Adjusted Net Trading Income and percentage of Adjusted Net Trading Income by asset class for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012.

 
  Nine Months Ended Sept. 30,   Years Ended Dec. 31,  
 
  2013   2012   2012   2011  
(In thousands, except percentages)
  Total   Average
Daily(7)
  %   Total   Average
Daily(7)
  %   Total   Average
Daily(7)
  %   Total   Average
Daily(7)
  %  

Adjusted Net Trading Income:

                                                                         

Asset Class

                                                                         

Americas Equities

  $ 87,980     468     28 % $ 81,143     432     29 % $ 108,845     435     30 % $ 104,343   $ 414     35 %

EMEA Equities

    35,679     190     11 %   37,358     199     13 %   45,799     183     13 %   37,205     148     13 %

APAC Equities

    36,023     192     12 %   28,492     152     10 %   41,924     168     11 %   17,520     70     6 %

Global Commodities

    70,290     374     22 %   75,213     400     27 %   96,602     386     26 %   68,059     270     24 %

Global Currencies

    61,065     325     19 %   36,661     195     13 %   50,766     203     14 %   48,719     193     17 %

Options, Fixed Income and Other Securities

    28,759     153     9 %   19,216     102     7 %   26,628     106     7 %   16,293     65     6 %

Unallocated(8)

    (4,258 )   (23 )   (1 )%   142     1     1 %   (4,258 )   (17 )   (1 )%   (3,041 )   (12 )   (1 )%
                                                   

Total Adjusted Net Trading Income

  $ 315,538   $ 1,679     100 % $ 278,225   $ 1,481     100 % $ 366,306   $ 1,464     100 % $ 289,098   $ 1,148     100 %
                                                   
(7)
Average daily Adjusted Net Trading Income figures are based on (i) 188 trading days during the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, (ii) 250 trading days during the year ended December 31, 2012 and (iii) 252 trading days during the year ended December 31, 2011.

(8)
Under our methodology for recording "trading income, net" in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income, we recognize revenues based on the exit price of assets in accordance with applicable U.S. GAAP rules, and when we calculate Adjusted Net Trading Income for corresponding reporting periods, we start with trading income, net, so calculated. By contrast, when we calculate Adjusted Net Trading Income by asset class, we recognize revenues on a daily basis, and as a result prices used in recognizing revenues may differ. Because we provide liquidity on a global basis, across asset classes and time zones, the timing of any particular daily Adjusted Net Trading Income calculation can effectively defer or accelerate revenue from one day to another or one reporting period to another, as the case may be. We do not allocate any resulting differences based on the timing of revenue recognition.

 

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RISK FACTORS

          Investing in our Class A common stock involves substantial risks. In addition to the other information in this prospectus, you should carefully consider the following factors before investing in our Class A common stock. Any of the risk factors we describe below could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. The market price of our Class A common stock could decline if one or more of these risks or uncertainties develop into actual events, causing you to lose all or part of your investment. While we believe these risks and uncertainties are especially important for you to consider, we may face other risks and uncertainties that could have a material adverse effect on our business. Certain statements contained in the risk factors described below are forward-looking statements. See "Forward-Looking Statements" for more information.

Risks Related to Our Business

Because our revenues and profitability depend on trading volume and volatility in the markets in which we operate, they are subject to factors beyond our control, are prone to significant fluctuations and are difficult to predict.

          Our revenues and profitability depend in part on the level of trading activity of securities, derivatives and other financial products on exchanges and in other trading venues in the U.S. and abroad, which are directly affected by factors beyond our control, including economic and political conditions, broad trends in business and finance and changes in the markets in which such transactions occur. Weaknesses in the markets in which we operate, including economic slowdowns in recent years, have historically resulted in reduced trading volumes for us. Declines in trading volumes generally result in lower revenues from market making and transaction execution activities. Lower levels of volatility generally have the same directional impact. Declines in market values of securities or other financial instruments can also result in illiquid markets, which can also result in lower revenues and profitability from market making and transaction execution activities. Lower price levels of securities and other financial instruments, as well as compressed bid/ask spreads, which often follow lower pricing, can further result in reduced revenues and profitability. These factors can also increase the potential for losses on securities or other financial instruments held in inventory and failures of buyers and sellers to fulfill their obligations and settle their trades, as well as claims and litigation. Any of the foregoing factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In the past, our revenues and operating results have varied significantly from period to period due primarily to movements and trends in the underlying markets and to fluctuations in trading volumes and volatility levels. As a result, period to period comparisons of our revenues and operating results may not be meaningful, and future revenues and profitability may be subject to significant fluctuations or declines.

We are dependent upon our trading counterparties and clearing houses to perform their obligations to us.

          Our business consists of providing consistent two-sided liquidity to market participants across numerous geographies and asset classes. In the event of a systemic market event, resulting from large price movements or otherwise, certain market participants may not be able to meet their obligations to their trading counterparties, who, in turn, may not be able to meet their obligations to their other trading counterparties, which could lead to major defaults by one or more market participants. Following the implementation of certain mandates under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the "Dodd-Frank Act") in the U.S. and similar legislation worldwide, many trades in the securities and futures markets, and an increasing number of trades in the over-the-counter derivatives markets, are cleared through central counterparties. These central counterparties assume, and specialize in managing, counterparty performance risk relating

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to such trades. However, even when trades are cleared in this manner, there can be no assurance that a clearing house's risk management methodology will be adequate to manage one or more defaults. Given the concentration of counterparty performance risk that is concentrated in central clearing parties, any failure by a clearing house to properly manage a default could lead to a systemic market failure. If our trading counterparties do not meet their obligations to us, or if any central clearing parties fail to properly manage defaults by market participants, we could suffer a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may incur losses in our market making activities in the event of failures of our customized trading platform.

          The success of our market making business is substantially dependent on the accuracy and performance of our customized trading platform, which evaluates and monitors the risks inherent in our market making strategies, assimilates market data and reevaluates our outstanding quotes continuously throughout the trading day. Our strategies are designed to automatically rebalance our positions throughout the trading day to manage risk exposures on our positions. Flaws in our strategies, latencies or inaccuracies in the market data that we use to generate our quotes, or human error in managing risk parameters or other strategy inputs, may lead to unexpected and unprofitable trades, which may result in material trading losses and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may incur material trading losses from our market making activities.

          A significant portion of our revenues and operating profits are derived from our trading as principal in our role as a formal or registered market maker and liquidity provider on various exchanges and markets, including as a designated market maker ("DMM") on the New York Stock Exchange. We may incur trading losses relating to these activities since each primarily involves the purchase, sale or short sale of securities, futures and other financial instruments for our own account. In any period, we may incur significant trading losses for a variety of reasons, including price changes, lack of liquidity in instruments in which we have positions and the required performance of our market making obligations. Furthermore, we may from time to time develop large position concentrations in securities or other financial instruments of a single issuer or issuers engaged in a specific industry, or alternatively a single future or other financial instrument, which would result in the risk of higher trading losses than if our concentration were lower.

          These risks may limit or restrict, for example, our ability to either resell securities we have purchased or to repurchase securities we have sold. In addition, we may experience difficulty borrowing securities to make delivery to purchasers to whom we have sold securities short or lenders from whom we have borrowed securities.

          In our role as a market maker, we attempt to derive a profit from bid/ask spreads. However, competitive forces often require us to match or improve upon the quotes that other market makers display, thereby narrowing bid/ask spreads, and to hold long or short positions in securities, futures or other financial instruments. We cannot assure you that we will be able to manage these risks successfully or that we will not experience significant losses from such activities, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

          Our risk management activities utilize a four-pronged approach, consisting of strategy lockdowns, centralized strategy monitoring, aggregate exposure monitoring and operational controls. In particular, messages that leave our trading environment first must pass through a series of preset risk controls or "lockdowns" that are intended to minimize the likelihood of unintended activities. In certain cases this layer of risk management, which adds a layer of latency to our process, may limit our ability to profit from acute volatility in the markets. This would be the case,

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for example, where a particular strategy being utilized by one of our traders is temporarily locked down for generating revenue in excess of the preset risk limit. Even if we are able to quickly and correctly identify the reasons for a lockdown and quickly resume the trading strategy, we may limit our potential upside as a result of our risk management policies.

The valuation of the securities we hold at any particular time may result in large and occasionally anomalous swings in the value of our positions and in our earnings in any period.

          The market prices of our long and short positions are reflected on our books at closing prices, which are typically the last trade prices before the official close of the primary exchange on which each such security trades. Given that we manage a globally integrated portfolio, we may have large and substantially offsetting positions in securities that trade on different exchanges that close at different times of the trading day and may be denominated in different currencies. Further, there may be large and occasionally anomalous swings in the value of our positions on any particular day and in our earnings in any period. Such swings may be especially pronounced on the last business day of each calendar quarter, as the discrepancy in official closing prices resulting from the asynchronous closing times may cause us to recognize a gain or loss in one quarter which would be substantially offset by a corresponding loss or gain in the following quarter.

We are exposed to losses due to lack of perfect information.

          As a market maker, we provide liquidity by consistently buying securities from sellers and selling securities to buyers. We may at times trade with others who have information that is more accurate or complete than the information we have, and as a result we may accumulate unfavorable positions preceding large price movements in a given instrument. Should the frequency or magnitude of these events increase, our losses would likely increase correspondingly, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We face competition in our market making activities.

          Revenues from our market making activities depend on our ability to offer to buy and sell financial instruments at prices that are attractive and represent the best bid and/or offer in a given instrument at a given time. To attract order flow, we compete with other firms not only on our ability to provide liquidity at competitive prices, but also on other factors such as order execution speed and technology. Our competitors include other registered market makers as well as unregulated or lesser-regulated trading firms that also compete to provide liquidity. Our competitors range from sole proprietors with very limited resources to highly sophisticated groups, hedge funds, well-capitalized broker-dealers and proprietary trading firms or other market makers that have substantially greater financial and other resources than we do. These larger and better capitalized competitors may be better able to respond to changes in the market making industry, to compete for skilled professionals, to finance acquisitions, to fund internal growth, to manage costs and expenses and to compete for market share generally. Trading firms that are not registered as broker-dealers or broker-dealers not registered as market makers may in some instances have certain advantages over more regulated firms, including our subsidiaries, that may allow them to bypass regulatory restrictions and trade more cheaply than more regulated participants on some markets or exchanges. In addition, we may in the future face enhanced competition from new market participants that may also have substantially greater financial and other resources than we do, which may result in compressed bid/ask spreads in the marketplace that may negatively impact our financial performance. Moreover, current and potential competitors may establish cooperative relationships among themselves or with third parties or may consolidate to enhance their services and products. The trend toward increased competition in our business is expected to continue, and it is possible that our competitors may acquire increased market share. Increased competition or

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consolidation in the marketplace could reduce the bid/ask spreads on which our business and profitability depend. As a result, there can be no assurance that we will be able to compete effectively with current or future competitors, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to liquidity risk in our operations.

          We require liquidity to fund various ongoing obligations, including operating expenses, capital expenditures, debt service and dividend payments. Our main sources of liquidity are cash flow from the operations of our subsidiaries, our broker-dealer revolving credit facility (described under "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources — Credit Facilities"), margin financing provided by our prime brokers and cash on hand. Our liquidity could be materially impaired by a number of factors, including reduced business activity due to a market downturn, adverse regulatory action or a downgrade of our credit rating. If our business activities decrease or we are unable to borrow additional funds in the future on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all, we could suffer a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Self-clearing and other elements of our trade processing operations expose us to significant operational, financial and liquidity risks.

          We currently self-clear substantially all of our domestic equity trades and may expand our self-clearing operations internationally and across product offerings and asset classes in the future. Self-clearing exposes our business to operational risks, including business disruption, operational inefficiencies, liquidity, financing risks, counterparty performance risk and potentially increased expenses and lost revenue opportunities. While our clearing platform, operational processes, risk methodologies, enhanced infrastructure and current and future financing arrangements have been carefully designed, we may nevertheless encounter difficulties that may lead to operating inefficiencies, including delays in implementation, disruption in the infrastructure that supports the business, inadequate liquidity and financial loss. Any such delay, disruption or failure could negatively impact our ability to effect transactions and manage our exposure to risk and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Rules governing designated market makers may require us to make unprofitable trades or prevent us from making profitable trades from time to time.

          DMMs are granted certain rights and have certain obligations to "make a market" in a particular security. They agree to specific obligations that are designed to maintain a fair and orderly market. In acting as a DMM, we are subject to a high degree of risk by having to support an orderly market. In this role, we may at times be required to make trades that negatively impact our profitability. In addition, we may at times be unable to trade for our own account in circumstances in which it may be to our advantage to trade, and we may be obligated to act as a principal when buying and selling interest is unbalanced. In those instances, we may take a position counter to the market, buying or selling securities to support an orderly market. Additionally, the rules of the markets that govern our activities as a DMM and the interpretations of such rules are subject to change. If these rules or interpretations impose new or more stringent obligations on us, our trading revenues and profits as a DMM could be negatively impacted and we could suffer a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Regulatory and legal uncertainties could harm our business.

          Securities and derivatives businesses are heavily regulated. Firms in the financial services industry have been subject to an increasingly regulated environment over recent years, and

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penalties and fines sought by regulatory authorities have increased considerably. This regulatory and enforcement environment has created uncertainty with respect to various types of transactions that historically had been entered into by financial services firms and that were generally believed to be permissible and appropriate. "High frequency" and other forms of low latency or electronic trading strategies continue to be the focus of extensive regulatory scrutiny by federal, state and foreign regulators and self-regulatory organizations ("SROs"), and such scrutiny is likely to continue. While we do not engage in the type of principal investing or predictive, momentum or signal trading that are associated with high frequency trading, our market making and trading activities are characterized by substantial volumes, an emphasis on technology and certain other characteristics that are commonly associated with high frequency trading. Specifically, both the SEC and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission ("CFTC") have issued general concept releases on market structure requesting comment from market participants on topics including, among others, high frequency trading, co-location, dark liquidity pre- and post-trade risk controls and system safeguards. The SEC has adopted rules that, among other results, have significantly limited the use of sponsored access by market participants to the U.S. equities exchanges, imposed large trader reporting requirements, restricted short sales in listed securities under certain conditions and required the planning and creation of a new comprehensive consolidated audit trail. The SEC has also approved by order a proposal adopted by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. ("FINRA") establishing a "Limit Up-Limit Down" mechanism to address market volatility.

          In addition, certain market participants have requested that the U.S. Congress and the SEC propose and adopt additional laws and rules, including rules relating to restrictions on co-location, order-to-execution ratios, minimum quote life for orders, incremental messaging fees to be imposed by exchanges for "excessive" order placements and/or cancellations, further transaction taxes, tick sizes and other market structure proposals. The SEC recently proposed Regulation SCI, which could impose significant compliance and other costs on market centers that may have to pass such costs on to their users, including us, and could impact our future business plans of establishing a market center to avoid or reduce market center costs for certain of our transactions. Similarly, the consolidated audit trail, which the SEC is requiring SROs to propose a plan for and implement, is expected to entail significant costs both on market centers, which may pass these costs along to their users, and broker-dealers directly.

          Any or all of these proposals or additional proposals may be adopted by the SEC, CFTC or other U.S. or foreign legislative or regulatory bodies. These potential market structure and regulatory changes could cause a change in the manner in which we make markets, impose additional costs and expenses on our business or otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

          In addition, the financial services industry in many foreign countries is heavily regulated, much like the U.S. The varying compliance requirements of these different regulatory jurisdictions and other factors may limit our ability to conduct business or expand internationally. For example, the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive ("MiFID"), which was implemented in November 2007, continues to be under review by the European Parliament. In October 2012, the European Parliament adopted, with amendments, MiFID II/Markets in Financial Investments Regulation ("MiFIR"). MiFID II/MiFIR will not be finalized until the completion of trialogues among the European Commission, European Parliament and Council of the European Union, which began in the third quarter of 2013. The MiFID II/MiFIR proposals include many changes likely to affect our business. For example, the current proposal would require firms like us to conduct all trading on European markets through authorized investment firms. MiFID II/MiFIR will also require certain types of firms, including us, to post firm quotes at competitive prices and will supplement current requirements with regard to investment firms' risk controls related to the safe operation of electronic systems. MiFID II/MiFIR may also impose additional requirements on our trading platforms, such as a

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minimum order resting time, cancellation fees, circuit breakers and limits on the ratio of unexecuted orders to trades. Each of these proposals and others may impose technological and compliance costs on us. Any of these laws, rules or regulations, if adopted, as well as any regulatory or legal actions or proceedings, changes in legislation or regulation and changes in market customs and practices could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Non-compliance with applicable laws or regulatory requirements could negatively impact our reputation, prospects, revenues and earnings.

          Our subsidiaries are subject to regulations in the U.S., and our foreign subsidiaries are subject to regulations abroad, in each case covering all aspects of their business. Regulatory bodies that exercise or may exercise authority over us include, without limitation, in the U.S., the SEC, FINRA, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the "Federal Reserve"), the Chicago Stock Exchange, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, the CFTC, the National Futures Association ("NFA") and the various state securities regulators; in Ireland, the Central Bank of Ireland; in Switzerland, the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority; in France, the Autorité des Marchés Financiers ("AMF"); in the United Kingdom, the Financial Conduct Authority ("FCA"); in Hong Kong, the Securities and Futures Commission ("SFC"); in Australia, the Australian Securities and Investment Commission; in Canada, the Investment Industry Regulatory Organization of Canada and various Canadian provincial securities commissions; in Singapore, the Monetary Authority of Singapore and the Singapore Exchange; and in Japan, the Financial Services Agency and the Japan Securities Dealers Association. Our mode of operation and profitability may be directly affected by additional legislation and changes in rules promulgated by various domestic and foreign government agencies and SROs that oversee our businesses, in addition to changes in the interpretation or enforcement of existing laws and rules, including the potential imposition of additional capital and margin requirements and/or transaction taxes. While we endeavor to timely deliver required annual filings in all jurisdictions, we cannot guarantee that we will meet every applicable filing deadline globally. Certain of our subsidiaries have yet to complete statutorily required filings for the year ended December 31, 2012. Noncompliance with applicable laws or regulations could result in sanctions being levied against us, including fines, penalties, disgorgement and censures, suspension or expulsion from a certain jurisdiction, SRO or market or the revocation or limitation of licenses. Noncompliance with applicable laws or regulations could also negatively impact our reputation, prospects, revenues and earnings. In addition, changes in current laws or regulations or in governmental policies could negatively impact our operations, revenues and earnings.

          Domestic and foreign stock exchanges, other SROs and state and foreign securities commissions can censure, fine and issue cease-and-desist orders to suspend or expel a broker-dealer or other market participant or any of its officers or employees. Our ability to comply with all applicable laws and rules is largely dependent on our internal systems to ensure compliance, as well as our ability to attract and retain qualified compliance personnel. We could be subject to disciplinary or other actions in the future due to claimed noncompliance, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. At any given time, we may be the subject of one or more regulatory or SRO enforcement actions, including but not limited to targeted and routine regulatory inquiries and investigations involving Regulation NMS, Regulation SHO, capital requirements and other domestic and foreign securities rules and regulations. Our business or reputation could be negatively impacted if it were determined that disciplinary or other enforcement actions were required. For example, the CFTC is looking into our trading during the period from July 2011 to November 2013 and specifically our participation in certain incentive programs offered by exchanges or venues during that time period. We do not believe that this activity violated any CFTC statute or regulatory provision, but we cannot predict the outcome of this inquiry. In addition, the AMF is examining the trading activities of a subsidiary of

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Madison Tyler Holdings in certain French listed equity securities in or around 2009. The AMF board, upon the report of its investigation division, has decided to refer the matter to the AMF enforcement committee who could decide to impose administrative sanctions or monetary penalties for market manipulation or breach of professional obligations applicable to us. While we maintain that the trading activity under review was conducted appropriately and in compliance with applicable law and regulation, a determination that disciplinary or other enforcement actions are required could negatively impact our reputation and business. To continue to operate and to expand our services internationally, we will have to comply with the regulatory controls of each country in which we conduct or intend to conduct business, the requirements of which may not be clearly defined. The varying compliance requirements of these different regulatory jurisdictions, which are often unclear, may limit our ability to continue existing international operations and further expand internationally.

Failure to comply with applicable regulatory capital requirements could subject us to sanctions imposed by the SEC, FINRA and other SROs or regulatory bodies.

          Certain of our subsidiaries are subject to regulatory capital rules of the SEC, FINRA, other SROs and foreign regulators. These rules, which specify minimum capital requirements for our regulated subsidiaries, are designed to measure the general financial integrity and liquidity of a broker-dealer and require that at least a minimum part of its assets be kept in relatively liquid form. In general, net capital is defined as net worth (assets minus liabilities), plus qualifying subordinated borrowings, less certain mandatory deductions that result from, among other things, excluding assets that are not readily convertible into cash and from valuing conservatively certain other assets. Among these deductions are adjustments, commonly called haircuts, which reflect the possibility of a decline in the market value of an asset before disposition, and non-allowable assets.

          Failure to maintain the required minimum capital may subject our regulated subsidiaries to a requirement to cease conducting business, suspension, revocation of registration or expulsion by the applicable regulatory authorities, and ultimately could require the relevant entity's liquidation. Events relating to capital adequacy could give rise to regulatory actions that could limit business expansion or require business reduction. SEC and SRO net capital rules prohibit payments of dividends, redemptions of stock, prepayments of subordinated indebtedness and the making of any unsecured advances or loans to a stockholder, employee or affiliate, in certain circumstances, including if such payment would reduce the firm's net capital below required levels. Similar issues and risks arise in connection with the capital adequacy requirements of foreign regulators.

          A change in the net capital rules, the imposition of new rules or any unusually large charges against net capital could limit our operations that require the intensive use of capital and also could restrict our ability to withdraw capital from our broker-dealer subsidiaries. A significant operating loss or any unusually large charge against net capital could negatively impact our ability to expand or even maintain our present levels of business. Similar issues and risks arise in connection with the capital adequacy requirements of foreign regulators. Any of these results could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to risks relating to litigation and potential securities law liability.

          We are exposed to substantial risks of liability under federal and state securities laws and other federal and state laws and court decisions, as well as rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC, the CFTC, the Federal Reserve, state securities regulators, SROs and foreign regulatory agencies. We are also subject to the risk of litigation and claims that may be without merit. From time to time, we, our officers, directors and employees may be named in legal actions, regulatory investigations and proceedings, arbitrations and administrative claims and be subject to claims alleging the violations of laws, rules and regulations, some of which may ultimately result in the payment of fines, awards, judgments and settlements. We could incur significant legal expenses in

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defending ourselves against and resolving lawsuits or claims even if we believe them to be meritless. An adverse resolution of any future lawsuits or claims against us could result in a negative perception of our Company and cause the market price of our common stock to decline or otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Proposed legislation in the European Union, the U.S. and other jurisdictions that would impose taxes on certain financial transactions could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial results.

          The Council of the European Union adopted a decision in February 2013 authorizing 11 member states (Belgium, Germany, Estonia, Greece, Spain, France, Italy, Austria, Portugal, Slovenia and Slovakia) to proceed with the introduction of a financial transaction tax. The exact terms of the process by which such a financial transaction tax would be implemented are under consideration by the European Commission, but the envisioned tax would broadly apply to transactions in financial instruments, including equities, bonds, derivatives and foreign currency, to which a financial institution (which would include banks, insurance companies, leasing companies, mutual funds and pension funds) is a party if one or more of the parties is established in a participating member state. In September 2013, the European Legal Service issued an opinion questioning the legal validity of the European Commission's proposal, creating uncertainty as to the status of the proposal's implementation. Similarly, U.S. Representative Peter DeFazio and Senator Thomas Harkin introduced H.R. 880 and S. 410 earlier this year, a bill entitled the "Wall Street Trading and Speculators Tax Act," which would, subject to certain exceptions, impose an excise tax on the purchase of a security, including equities, bonds, debentures, other debt and interests in derivative financial instruments, if the purchase occurs or is cleared on a trading facility in the U.S. and the purchaser or seller is a U.S. person. These proposed transaction taxes would apply to certain aspects of our business and transactions in which we are involved. Any such tax would increase our cost of doing business to the extent that (i) the tax is regularly applicable to transactions in the markets in which we operate, (ii) the tax does not include exceptions for market makers or market making activities or (iii) we are unable to widen our bid/ask spreads in the markets in which such a tax would be applicable to compensate for its imposition. Furthermore, the proposed taxes may reduce or negatively impact trading volume and transactions on which we are dependent for revenues. While it is difficult to assess the impact the proposed taxes could have on us, if either transaction tax is implemented or any similar tax is implemented in any other jurisdiction in which we operate, our business and financial results could suffer a material adverse effect and could be impacted to a greater degree than other market participants.

Failure to comply with laws and regulations applicable to our international operations may increase costs, reduce profits, limit growth or subject us to broader liability.

          Our business operations in countries outside the U.S. are subject to a number of laws and regulations, including restrictions imposed by the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (the "FCPA") and trade sanctions administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control (the "OFAC"). The FCPA is intended to prohibit bribery of foreign officials and requires companies whose securities are listed in the U.S. to keep books and records that accurately and fairly reflect those companies' transactions and to devise and maintain an adequate system of internal accounting controls. The OFAC administers and enforces economic and trade sanctions based on U.S. foreign policy and national security goals against designated foreign states, organizations and individuals. We have policies in place reasonably designed to comply with applicable OFAC sanctions, rules and regulations. In addition, some of our operations may be subject to laws and regulations of non-U.S. jurisdictions containing prohibitions on bribery and other corrupt business activities. If we fail to comply with

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these laws and regulations, we could be exposed to claims for damages, financial penalties, reputational harm, and incarceration of employees or restrictions on our operations.

We depend on our technology, and our future results may be negatively impacted if we cannot maintain a competitive edge in our industry.

          We believe that our success in the past has largely been attributable to our technology, which has taken many years to develop. If technology equivalent to ours becomes more widely available to our current or future competitors for any reason, our operating results may be negatively impacted. Additionally, adoption or development of similar or more advanced technologies by our competitors may require that we devote substantial resources to the development of more advanced technology to remain competitive. Regulators and exchanges may also introduce risk control and other technological requirements on our business that could result in increased costs of compliance and divert our technological resources away from their primary strategy development and maintenance duties. The markets in which we compete are characterized by rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards and changing trading systems, practices and techniques. The widespread adoption of new internet, networking or telecommunications technologies or other technological changes could require us to incur substantial expenditures to modify or adapt our services or infrastructure. We may not be able to anticipate or respond adequately or in a cost-efficient and competitive manner to technological advancements (including advancements related to low-latency technologies, execution and messaging speeds) or changing industry standards. If any of these risks materialize, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operation.

Our reliance on our computer systems and software could expose us to great financial harm if any of our computer systems or software were subject to any material disruption or corruption.

          We rely significantly on our computer systems and software to receive and properly process internal and external data and utilize such data to generate orders and other messages. A disruption or corruption of the proper functioning of our computer systems or software could cause us to make erroneous trades, which could result in material losses. We cannot guarantee that our efforts to maintain competitive computer systems and software will be successful. Our computer systems and software may fail or be subject to bugs or other errors, resulting in service interruptions or other unintended consequences. If any of these risks materialize, they could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our failure to protect our systems and network against cybersecurity breaches, or otherwise protect confidential and proprietary information, could damage our reputation and negatively impact our business.

          Our cybersecurity measures may not detect or prevent all attempts to compromise our systems, including denial-of-service attacks, viruses, malicious software, break-ins, phishing attacks, social engineering, security breaches or other attacks and similar disruptions that may jeopardize the security of information stored in and transmitted by our systems or that we otherwise maintain. Breaches of our cybersecurity measures could result in any of the following: unauthorized access to our systems; unauthorized access to and misappropriation of information or data, including confidential or proprietary information about ourselves, third parties with whom we do business or our proprietary systems; viruses, worms, spyware or other malware being placed in our systems; deletion or modification of client information; or a denial-of-service or other interruptions to our business operations. Because techniques used to obtain unauthorized access to or sabotage systems change frequently and may not be known until launched against us or our third-party

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service providers, we may be unable to anticipate these attacks or to implement adequate preventative measures. While we have not suffered any material breach of our cybersecurity, any actual or perceived breach of our cybersecurity could damage our reputation, expose us to a risk of loss or litigation and possible liability, require us to expend significant capital and other resources to alleviate problems caused by such breaches and otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Capacity constraints, systems failures, malfunctions and delays could harm our business.

          Our business activities are heavily dependent on the integrity and performance of the computer and communications systems supporting them. Our systems and operations are vulnerable to damage or interruption from human error, software bugs and errors, electronic and physical security breaches, natural disasters, power loss, utility or internet outages, computer viruses, intentional acts of vandalism, terrorism and other similar events. Extraordinary trading volumes or other events could cause our computer systems to operate in ways that we did not intend, at an unacceptably low speed or even fail. While we have invested significant amounts of capital to upgrade the capacity, reliability and scalability of our systems, there can be no assurance that our systems will always operate properly or be sufficient to handle such extraordinary trading volumes. Any disruption for any reason in the proper functioning or any corruption of our software or erroneous or corrupted data may cause us to make erroneous trades or suspend our services and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

          Although our systems and infrastructure are generally designed to accommodate additional growth without redesign or replacement; we may need to make significant investments in additional hardware and software to accommodate growth. Failure to make necessary expansions and upgrades to our systems and infrastructure could not only limit our growth and business prospects but could also cause substantial losses and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

          Since the timing and impact of disasters and disruptions are unpredictable, we may not be able to respond to actual events as they occur. Business disruptions can vary in their scope and significance and can affect one or more of our facilities. Further, the severity of the disruption can also vary from minimal to severe. Although we have employed significant effort to develop, implement and maintain reasonable disaster recovery and business continuity plans, we cannot guarantee that our systems will fully recover after a significant business disruption in a timely fashion or at all. If we are prevented from using any of our current trading operations, or if our business continuity operations do not work effectively, we may not have complete business continuity, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Failure or poor performance of third-party software, infrastructure or systems on which we rely could adversely affect our business.

          We depend on third parties to provide and maintain certain infrastructure that is critical to our business. For example, we rely on third parties to provide software, data center services and dedicated fiber optic, microwave, wireline and wireless communication infrastructure. This infrastructure may malfunction or fail due to events outside of our control, which could disrupt our operations and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Any failure to maintain and renew our relationships with these third parties on commercially favorable terms, or to enter into similar relationships in the future, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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          We also rely on certain third-party software, third-party computer systems and third-party service providers, including clearing systems, exchange systems, alternate trading systems, order routing systems, internet service providers, communications facilities and other facilities. Any interruption in these third-party services or software, deterioration in their performance, or other improper operation could interfere with our trading activities, cause losses due to erroneous or delayed responses, or otherwise be disruptive to our business. If our arrangements with any third party are terminated, we may not be able to find an alternative source of software or systems support on a timely basis or on commercially reasonable terms. This could also have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The use of open source software may expose us to additional risks.

          We use software development tools covered by open source licenses and may incorporate such open source software into our proprietary software from time to time. "Open source software" refers to any code, shareware or other software that is made generally available to the public without requiring payment of fees or royalties and/or that may require disclosure or licensing of any software that incorporates such source code, shareware or other software. Given the nature of open source software, third parties might assert contractual or copyright and other intellectual property-related claims against us based on our use of such tools and software programs or might seek to compel the disclosure of the source code of our software or other proprietary information. If any such claims materialize, we could be required to (i) seek licenses from third parties in order to continue to use such tools and software or to continue to operate certain elements of our technology, (ii) release certain proprietary software code comprising our modifications to such open source software, (iii) make our software available under the terms of an open source license or (iv) re-engineer all, or a portion of, that software, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. While we monitor the use of all open source software in our solutions, processes and technology and try to ensure that no open source software is used (i) in such a way as to require us to disclose the source code to the related solution when we do not wish to do so nor (ii) in connection with critical or fundamental elements of our software or technology, such use may have inadvertently occurred in deploying our proprietary solutions. If a third-party software provider has incorporated certain types of open source software into software we license from such third party for our products and solutions, we could, under certain circumstances, be required to disclose the source code to our solutions. In addition to risks related to license requirements, usage of open software can lead to greater risks than use of third-party commercial software because open source licensors generally do not provide warranties or controls on the origin of the software. Many of the risks associated with usage of open source software cannot be eliminated and could potentially have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may not be able to protect our intellectual property rights or may be prevented from using intellectual property necessary for our business.

          We rely primarily on trade secret, trademark, domain name, copyright and contract law to protect our intellectual property and proprietary technology. It is possible that third parties may copy or otherwise obtain and use our intellectual property or proprietary technology without authorization or otherwise infringe on our rights. For example, while we have a policy of entering into confidentiality, intellectual property invention assignment and/or non-competition and non-solicitation agreements or restrictions with our employees, independent contractors and business partners, such agreements may not provide adequate protection or may be breached, or our proprietary technology may otherwise become available to or be independently developed by our competitors. Third parties have alleged and may in the future allege that we are infringing, misappropriating or otherwise violating their intellectual property rights. Third parties may initiate

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litigation against us without warning, or may send us letters or other communications that make allegations without initiating litigation. We may elect not to respond to these letters or other communications if we believe they are without merit, or we may attempt to resolve these disputes out of court by negotiating a license, but in either case it is possible that such disputes will ultimately result in litigation. Any such claims could interfere with our ability to use technology or intellectual property that is material to the operation of our business. Such claims may be made by competitors seeking to obtain a competitive advantage or by other parties, such as entities that purchase intellectual property assets for the purpose of bringing infringement claims. We also periodically employ individuals who were previously employed by our competitors or potential competitors, and we may therefore be subject to claims that such employees have used or disclosed the alleged trade secrets or other proprietary information of their former employers.

          In the future, we may have to rely on litigation to enforce our intellectual property rights, protect our trade secrets, determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others or defend against claims of infringement or invalidity. Any such litigation, whether successful or unsuccessful, could result in substantial costs and the diversion of resources and the attention of management. If unsuccessful, such litigation could result in the loss of important intellectual property rights, require us to pay substantial damages, subject us to injunctions that prevent us from using certain intellectual property, require us to make admissions that affect our reputation in the marketplace and require us to enter into license agreements that may not be available on favorable terms or at all. Finally, even if we prevail in any litigation, the remedy may not be commercially meaningful or fully compensate us for the harm we suffer or the costs we incur. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are exposed to risks associated with our international operations and expansion.

          We are exposed to risks and uncertainties inherent in doing business in international markets, particularly in the heavily regulated broker-dealer industry. Such risks and uncertainties include political, economic and financial instability, unexpected changes in regulatory requirements, tariffs and other trade barriers, exchange rate fluctuations, applicable currency controls, the imposition of restrictions on currency conversion or the transfer of funds, limitations on our ability to repatriate non-U.S. earnings in a tax efficient manner and difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations, including reliance on local experts.

          In addition, the varying compliance requirements of these different regulatory jurisdictions and other factors may limit our ability to successfully conduct or expand our business internationally and may increase our costs of investment. Expansion into international locations involves substantial operational and execution risk. We may not be able to manage these costs or risks effectively.

Fluctuations in currency exchange rates could negatively impact our earnings.

          A significant portion of our international business is conducted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, and changes in foreign exchange rates relative to the U.S. dollar can therefore affect the value of our non-U.S. dollar net assets, revenues and expenses. Although we closely monitor potential exposures as a result of these fluctuations in currencies, and where cost-justified we adopt strategies that are designed to reduce the impact of these fluctuations on our financial performance, including the financing of non-U.S. dollar assets with borrowings in the same currency and the use of various hedging transactions related to net assets, revenues, expenses or cash flows, there can be no assurance that we will be successful in managing our foreign exchange risk. Our exposure to currency exchange rate fluctuations will grow if the relative contribution of our operations outside

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the U.S. increases. Any material fluctuations in currencies could have a material effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

We may experience risks associated with future growth or expansion of our operations or acquisitions or dispositions of businesses, and we may never realize the anticipated benefits of such activities.

          As a part of our business strategy, we may make acquisitions or significant investments in and/or disposals of businesses. Any such future acquisitions, investments and/or dispositions would be accompanied by risks such as difficulties in assimilating the operations and personnel of acquired companies or businesses, diversion of our management's attention from ongoing business concerns, our potential inability to maximize our financial and strategic position through the successful incorporation or disposition of operations, maintenance of uniform standards, controls, procedures and policies and the impairment of existing relationships with employees, contractors, suppliers and customers as a result of the integration of new management personnel and cost-saving initiatives.

          We cannot guarantee that we will be able to successfully integrate any company or business that we might acquire in the future, and our failure to do so could harm our current business.

          In addition, we may not realize the anticipated benefits of any such transactions, and there may be other unanticipated or unidentified effects. While we would seek protection, for example, through warranties and indemnities in the case of acquisitions, significant liabilities may not be identified in due diligence or come to light after the expiration of warranty or indemnity periods. Additionally, while we would seek to limit our ongoing exposure, for example, through liability caps and period limits on warranties and indemnities in the case of disposals, some warranties and indemnities may give rise to unexpected and significant liabilities. If we fail to realize any such anticipated benefits, or if we experience any such unanticipated or unidentified effects in connection with any future acquisitions, investments or dispositions, we could suffer a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our future efforts to sell shares of our common stock or raise additional capital may be delayed or prohibited by regulations.

          As certain of our subsidiaries are members of FINRA and other SROs, we are subject to certain regulations regarding changes in ownership or control and material changes in operations. For example, FINRA's NASD Rule 1017 generally provides that FINRA approval must be obtained in connection with certain change of ownership or control transactions, such as a transaction that results in a single entity or person owning 25% or more our equity. As a result of these regulations, our future efforts to sell shares of our common stock or raise additional capital may be delayed or prohibited. We may be subject to similar restrictions in other jurisdictions in which we operate.

We are dependent on the continued service of certain key executives, the loss of whom could have a material adverse effect on our business.

          Our performance is substantially dependent on the performance of our senior management, including Mr. Viola, our Founder and Executive Chairman, Mr. Cifu, our Chief Executive Officer, and Mr. Concannon, our President and Chief Operating Officer. In connection with this offering, we intend to enter into employment and/or severance protection agreements with certain members of our senior management team that will restrict their ability to compete with us should they decide to leave our Company. Even if we have entered into these agreements, we cannot be sure that any member of our senior management will remain with us or that they will not compete with us in the future. The loss of any member of our senior management team could impair our ability to execute

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our business plan and growth strategy and have a negative impact on our revenues, in addition to potentially causing employee morale problems and/or the loss of key employees.

Our success depends, in part, on our ability to identify, recruit and retain skilled management and technical personnel. If we fail to recruit and retain suitable candidates or if our relationship with our employees changes or deteriorates, it could have a material adverse effect on our business.

          Our future success depends, in part, upon our continued ability to identify, attract, hire and retain highly qualified personnel, including skilled technical, management, product and technology, trading, sales and marketing personnel, all of whom are in high demand and are often subject to competing offers. Competition for qualified personnel in the financial services industry is intense and we cannot assure you that we will be able to hire or retain a sufficient number of qualified personnel to meet our requirements, or that we will be able to do so at salary, benefit and other compensation costs that are acceptable to us or that would allow us to achieve operating results consistent with our historical results. A loss of qualified employees, or an inability to attract, retain and motivate additional highly skilled employees in the future, could have a material adverse effect on our business.

We could lose significant sources of revenues if we were to lose access to an important exchange or other trading venue.

          Changes in applicable laws, regulations or rules promulgated by exchanges could conceivably prevent us from providing liquidity to an exchange or other trading venue where we provide liquidity today. Though our revenues are diversified across exchanges and other trading venues, asset classes and geographies, the loss of access to one or more significant exchanges and other trading venues for any reason could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Related to Our Organization and Structure

We are a holding company and our principal asset after completion of this offering will be our equity interests in Virtu Financial, and we are accordingly dependent upon distributions from Virtu Financial to pay dividends, if any, taxes and other expenses.

          We are a holding company and, upon completion of the reorganization transactions and this offering, our principal asset will be our direct and indirect ownership of Virtu Financial Units. See "Organizational Structure." We have no independent means of generating revenue. As the sole managing member of Virtu Financial, we intend to cause Virtu Financial to make distributions to its equityholders, including the Founder Post-IPO Member, the Silver Lake Post-IPO Members, the Management Vehicles, the Management Members and us, in amounts sufficient to fund dividends to our stockholders in accordance with our dividend policy and, as further described below, to cover all applicable taxes payable by us and any payments we are obligated to make under the tax receivable agreements we intend to enter into as part of the reorganization transactions, but we are limited in our ability to cause Virtu Financial to make these and other distributions to us (including for purposes of paying corporate and other overhead expenses and dividends) under our credit agreement. In addition, certain laws and regulations may result in restrictions on Virtu Financial's ability to make distributions to its equityholders (including us), or the ability of its subsidiaries to make distributions to it. These include:

    the SEC Net Capital Rule (Rule 15c3-1) requires each of Virtu Financial's registered broker-dealer subsidiaries to maintain specified levels of net capital;

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    FINRA Rule 4110 imposes a requirement of prior FINRA approval for any distribution by one of Virtu Financial's registered broker-dealer subsidiaries in excess of 10% of its net capital; and

    Virtu Financial's regulated Irish subsidiary must obtain prior approval from the Central Bank of Ireland for any distribution or dividend.

          To the extent that we need funds and Virtu Financial is restricted from making such distributions to us, under applicable law or regulation, as a result of covenants in our credit agreement or otherwise, we may not be able to obtain such funds on terms acceptable to us or at all and as a result could suffer a material adverse effect on our liquidity and financial condition.

          Following the consummation of this offering, before any other distributions are made to us and the Virtu Post-IPO Members by Virtu Financial, Virtu Financial will distribute to certain Virtu Pre-IPO Members as of immediately prior to the commencement of the reorganization transactions, pro rata in accordance with their respective interests in classes of equity entitled to participate in operating cash flow distributions, operating cash flow of Virtu Financial and its subsidiaries for the fiscal period beginning on                          and ending on the date of the consummation of the reorganization transactions, less any reserves established during this period and less any operating cash flow for this period previously distributed to such Virtu Pre-IPO Members. We expect this distribution to be for an aggregate amount of approximately $             and to be funded from cash on hand. See "Dividend Policy."

          Under the Second Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Virtu Financial (the "Amended and Restated Virtu Financial LLC Agreement"), we expect Virtu Financial from time to time to make pro rata distributions in cash to its equityholders, including the Founder Post-IPO Member, the Silver Lake Post-IPO Members, the Management Vehicles, the Management Members and us, in amounts sufficient to cover the taxes on their allocable share of the taxable income of Virtu Financial. As a result of (i) potential differences in the amount of net taxable income allocable to us and to Virtu Financial's other equityholders, (ii) the lower tax rate applicable to corporations than individuals and (iii) the favorable tax benefits that we anticipate from (a) the exchange of Virtu Financial Units and corresponding shares of Class C common stock or Class D common stock, (b) payments under the tax receivable agreements and (c) future deductions attributable to the prior acquisition of interests in Virtu Financial by an affiliate of Silver Lake Partners, we expect that these tax distributions will be in amounts that exceed our tax liabilities. Our board of directors will determine the appropriate uses for any excess cash so accumulated, which may include, among other uses, the payment of obligations under the tax receivable agreements and the payment of other expenses. We will have no obligation to distribute such cash (or other available cash) to our shareholders. No adjustments to the exchange ratio for Virtu Financial Units and corresponding shares of common stock will be made as a result of any cash distribution by us or any retention of cash by us, and in any event the ratio will remain one-to-one.

We are controlled by the Founder Post-IPO Member, whose interests in our business may be different than yours, and certain statutory provisions afforded to stockholders are not applicable to us.

          Based on an assumed initial public offering price of $             per share (the midpoint of the estimated public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), the Founder Post-IPO Member will control approximately         % of the combined voting power of our common stock (or         % if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full) after the completion of this offering and the application of the net proceeds from this offering as a result of its ownership of our Class D common stock, each share of which is entitled to 10 votes on all matters submitted to a vote of our stockholders.

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          The Founder Post-IPO Member will have the ability to substantially control our Company, including the ability to control any action requiring the general approval of our stockholders, including the election of our board of directors, the adoption of amendments to our certificate of incorporation and by-laws and the approval of any merger or sale of substantially all of our assets. This concentration of ownership and voting power may also delay, defer or even prevent an acquisition by a third party or other change of control of our Company and may make some transactions more difficult or impossible without the support of the Founder Post-IPO Member, even if such events are in the best interests of minority stockholders. This concentration of voting power with the Founder Post-IPO Member may have a negative impact on the price of our Class A common stock. In addition, because shares of our Class B common stock and Class D common stock each have 10 votes per share on matters submitted to a vote of our stockholders, the Founder Post-IPO Member will be able to control our Company as long as it owns at least 25% of our issued and outstanding common stock.

          The Founder Post-IPO Member's interests may not be fully aligned with yours, which could lead to actions that are not in your best interest. Because the Founder Post-IPO Member holds part of its economic interest in our business through Virtu Financial, rather than through the public company, it may have conflicting interests with holders of shares of our Class A common stock. For example, the Founder Post-IPO Member may have different tax positions from us, which could influence its decisions regarding whether and when we should dispose of assets or incur new or refinance existing indebtedness, especially in light of the existence of the tax receivable agreements that we will enter into in connection with this offering, and whether and when we should undergo certain changes of control within the meaning of the tax receivable agreements or terminate the tax receivable agreements. In addition, the structuring of future transactions may take into consideration these tax or other considerations even where no similar benefit would accrue to us. See "Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions — Tax Receivable Agreements." In addition, the Founder Post-IPO Member's significant ownership in us and resulting ability to effectively control us may discourage someone from making a significant equity investment in us, or could discourage transactions involving a change in control, including transactions in which you as a holder of shares of our Class A common stock might otherwise receive a premium for your shares over the then-current market price.

          We have opted out of Section 203 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the "Delaware General Corporation Law"), which prohibits a publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging in a business combination transaction with an interested stockholder for a period of three years after the interested stockholder became such unless the transaction fits within an applicable exemption, such as board approval of the business combination or the transaction which resulted in such stockholder becoming an interested stockholder. Therefore, after the 180 day lock-up period expires, the Founder Post-IPO Member will be able to transfer control of us to a third party by transferring its shares of our common stock (subject to certain restrictions and limitations), which would not require the approval of our board of directors or our other stockholders.

          Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the doctrine of "corporate opportunity" will not apply against the Founder Post-IPO Member, Mr. Viola, the Silver Lake Equityholders, any of our non-employee directors or any of their respective affiliates in a manner that would prohibit them from investing in competing businesses or doing business with our clients or customers. However, the Amended and Restated Virtu Financial LLC Agreement will provide that Mr. Viola, in addition to our other executive officers and our employees that are Virtu Post-IPO Members, including Messrs. Cifu and Concannon, may not directly or indirectly engage in certain competitive activities until the third anniversary of the date on which such person ceases to be employed by us. The Silver Lake Equityholders and our non-employee directors are not subject to any such restriction. See "Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions — Amended and Restated Virtu Financial Limited Liability Company

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Agreement." To the extent that the Founder Post-IPO Member, Mr. Viola, the Silver Lake Equityholders, our non-employee directors or any of their respective affiliates invests in other businesses, they may have differing interests than our other stockholders. Messrs. Viola and Cifu have business relationships outside of our business. See "Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions — Other Transactions."

          For additional information regarding the share ownership of, and our relationship with, the Founder Post-IPO Member and the Silver Lake Equityholders, you should read the information under the headings "Principal Stockholders" and "Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions."

We have a substantial amount of indebtedness, which could negatively impact our business and financial condition.

          As of November 30, 2013, we had an aggregate of $510 million outstanding indebtedness under our senior secured credit facility. If we cannot generate sufficient cash flow from operations to service our debt, we may need to refinance our debt, dispose of assets or issue equity to obtain necessary funds. We do not know whether we will be able to take any of such actions on a timely basis, on terms satisfactory to us or at all.

          Our substantial amount of indebtedness could limit our ability to obtain necessary additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures or other purposes in the future, plan for or react to changes in our business and the industries in which we operate, make future acquisitions or pursue other business opportunities and react in an extended economic downturn.

          Despite our substantial indebtedness, we may still be able to incur significantly more debt. The incurrence of additional debt could increase the risks associated with our substantial leverage, including our ability to service our indebtedness. In addition, because borrowings under our senior secured credit facility bear interest at a variable rate, our interest expense could increase, exacerbating these risks. For instance, assuming an aggregate principal balance of $510 million outstanding under our senior secured credit facility, which was the amount outstanding as of November 30, 2013, a 1% increase in the interest rate we are charged on our debt would increase our annual interest expense by $5.1 million.

          In addition, the covenants in our credit agreement may negatively impact our ability to finance future operations or capital needs or to engage in other business activities. Our credit agreement requires us to maintain specified financial ratios and tests, including interest coverage and total leverage ratios, which may require us to take action to reduce our debt or to act in a manner contrary to our business objectives. Our credit agreement also restricts our ability to, among other things, incur additional indebtedness, dispose of assets, guarantee debt obligations, repay other indebtedness, pay dividends, pledge assets, make investments, including in certain of our operating subsidiaries, make acquisitions or consummate mergers or consolidations and engage in certain transactions with subsidiaries and affiliates.

          A failure to comply with the restrictions contained in our credit agreement could lead to an event of default, which could result in an acceleration of our indebtedness. Our future operating results may not be sufficient to enable compliance with the covenants in our credit agreement or to remedy such a default. In addition, in the event of an acceleration, we may not have or be able to obtain sufficient funds to refinance our indebtedness or to make any accelerated payments. Even if we were able to obtain new financing, we would not be able to guarantee that the new financing would be on commercially reasonable terms. If we default on our indebtedness, our business, financial condition and results of operation could suffer a material adverse effect.

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We will be exempt from certain corporate governance requirements since we will be a "controlled company" within the meaning of the NASDAQ rules, and as a result our stockholders will not have the protections afforded by these corporate governance requirements.

          The Founder Post-IPO Member will continue to control more than 50% of our combined voting power upon the completion of this offering. As a result, we will be considered a "controlled company" for the purposes of NASDAQ rules and corporate governance standards, and therefore we will be permitted to, and we intend to, elect not to comply with certain NASDAQ corporate governance requirements, including those that would otherwise require our board of directors to have a majority of independent directors and require that we either establish a Compensation and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committees, each comprised entirely of independent directors, or otherwise ensure that the compensation of our executive officers and nominees for directors are determined or recommended to the board of directors by the independent members of the board of directors. Accordingly, holders of our Class A common stock will not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to all of the NASDAQ rules and corporate governance standards, and the ability of our independent directors to influence our business policies and affairs may be reduced. See "Management — Controlled Company."

We will be required to pay the Virtu Post-IPO Members and the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder for certain tax benefits we may claim, and the amounts we may pay could be significant.

          In connection with the reorganization transactions, we will acquire equity interests in Virtu Financial from the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder. In addition, as described under "Use of Proceeds," we intend to use a portion of the net proceeds from this offering to repurchase (i) Class A common stock from the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder and (ii) Virtu Financial Units and corresponding shares of Class C common stock from certain Virtu Post-IPO Members, including certain members of management. These acquisitions of interests in Virtu Financial will result in favorable tax basis adjustments to the assets of Virtu Financial, and these basis adjustments will be allocated to us and our subsidiaries. In addition, future exchanges by the Virtu Post-IPO Members of Virtu Financial Units and corresponding shares of Class C common stock or Class D common stock, as the case may be, for shares of our Class A common stock or Class B common stock, respectively, are expected to produce favorable tax attributes. These tax attributes would not be available to us in the absence of those transactions. In addition, in connection with the reorganization transactions, we expect to succeed to future depreciation and amortization deductions attributable to the prior acquisition of interests in Virtu Financial by an affiliate of Silver Lake Partners. Both the existing and anticipated tax basis adjustments are expected to reduce the amount of tax that we would otherwise be required to pay in the future.

          We intend to enter into three tax receivable agreements with the Virtu Post-IPO Members and the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder (one with the Founder Post-IPO Member, the Management Vehicles, the Management Members and other post-IPO investors, other than affiliates of Silver Lake Partners, another with the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder and the other with the Silver Lake Post-IPO Members) that will provide for the payment by us to the Virtu Post-IPO Members and the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder (or their transferees of Virtu Financial Units or other assignees) of 85% of the amount of cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state and local income tax or franchise tax that we actually realize as a result of (i) any increase in tax basis in Virtu Financial's assets resulting from (a) the acquisition of equity interests in Virtu Financial from an affiliate of Silver Lake Partners in the reorganization transactions, (b) the purchases of Virtu Financial Units (along with the corresponding shares of our Class C common stock or Class D common stock, as applicable) from certain of the Virtu Post-IPO Members using a portion of the net proceeds from this offering, (c) exchanges by the Virtu Post-IPO Members of Virtu Financial Units (along with the corresponding

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shares of our Class C common stock or Class D common stock, as applicable) for shares of our Class A common stock or Class B common stock, as applicable, or (d) payments under the tax receivable agreements, (ii) future depreciation and amortization deductions attributable to the prior acquisition of interests in Virtu Financial by an affiliate of Silver lake Partners and (iii) tax benefits related to imputed interest deemed arising as a result of payments made under the tax receivable agreements.

          The actual increase in tax basis, as well as the amount and timing of any payments under these tax receivable agreements, will vary depending upon a number of factors, including the timing of exchanges by the Virtu Post-IPO Members, the price of our Class A common stock at the time of the exchange, the extent to which such exchanges are taxable, the amount and timing of the taxable income we generate in the future and the tax rate then applicable and the portion of our payments under the tax receivable agreements constituting imputed interest.

          The payments we will be required to make under the tax receivable agreements could be substantial. We expect that, as a result of the amount of the increases in the tax basis of the tangible and intangible assets of Virtu Financial, assuming no material changes in the relevant tax law and that we earn sufficient taxable income to realize in full the potential tax benefits described above, future payments to the Virtu Post-IPO Members and the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder in respect of the purchases will aggregate approximately $             and range from approximately $             to $             per year over the next 15 years (or $             and range from approximately $             to $             per year over the next 15 years if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional Class A common stock). Future payments under the tax receivable agreements in respect of subsequent exchanges would be in addition to these amounts and are expected to be substantial. The payments under the tax receivable agreements are not conditioned upon the Virtu Post-IPO Members' or the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder's continued ownership of us.

          In addition, although we are not aware of any issue that would cause the Internal Revenue Service (the "IRS") to challenge the tax basis increases or other benefits arising under the tax receivable agreements, the Virtu Post-IPO Members and the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder (or their transferees or other assignees) will not reimburse us for any payments previously made if such tax basis increases or other tax benefits are subsequently disallowed, except that any excess payments made to the Virtu Post-IPO Members and the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder will be netted against future payments otherwise to be made under the tax receivable agreements, if any, after our determination of such excess. As a result, in such circumstances we could make payments to the Virtu Post-IPO Members and the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder under the tax receivable agreements that are greater than our actual cash tax savings and may not be able to recoup those payments, which could negatively impact our liquidity.

          In addition, the tax receivable agreements provide that, upon certain mergers, asset sales or other forms of business combination, or certain other changes of control, our or our successor's obligations with respect to tax benefits would be based on certain assumptions, including that we or our successor would have sufficient taxable income to fully utilize the increased tax deductions and tax basis and other benefits covered by the tax receivable agreements. As a result, upon a change of control, we could be required to make payments under a tax receivable agreement that are greater than the specified percentage of our actual cash tax savings, which could negatively impact our liquidity.

          Finally, because we are a holding company with no operations of our own, our ability to make payments under the tax receivable agreements are dependent on the ability of our subsidiaries to make distributions to us. Our credit agreement restricts the ability of our subsidiaries to make distributions to us, which could affect our ability to make payments under the tax receivable agreements. To the extent that we are unable to make payments under the tax receivable

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agreements for any reason, such payments will be deferred and will accrue interest until paid, which could negatively impact our results of operations and could also affect our liquidity in periods in which such payments are made.

Risks Related to this Offering and Our Class A Common Stock

Substantial future sales of shares of our Class A common stock in the public market could cause our stock price to fall.

          Upon the consummation of this offering, we will have                          shares of Class A common stock (or                          shares if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full) outstanding, excluding                          shares of Class A common stock underlying outstanding options and restricted stock units and, based on an assumed initial public offering price of $             per share (the midpoint of the estimated public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus),                          shares of Class A common stock issuable upon potential exchanges and/or conversions. Of these shares, the                          shares sold in this offering (or                           shares if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full) will be freely tradable without further restriction under the Securities Act. Upon the completion of this offering, the remaining                          outstanding shares of Class A common stock, including shares issuable upon exchange and/or conversion (or                          shares if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full), will be deemed "restricted securities," as that term is defined under Rule 144 of the Securities Act. Immediately following the consummation of this offering, the holders of these remaining                          shares of our Class A common stock, including shares issuable upon exchange or conversion as described above (or                          shares if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full) will be entitled to dispose of their shares following the expiration of an initial 180-day underwriter "lock-up" period pursuant to (i) the applicable holding period, volume and other restrictions of Rule 144 or (ii) another exemption from registration under the Securities Act. See "Shares Available for Future Sale."

          We intend to file a registration statement under the Securities Act registering                          shares of our Class A common stock and                          shares of our Class B common stock reserved for issuance under our 2014 Management Incentive Plan, and we will enter into the Registration Rights Agreement pursuant to which we will grant demand and piggyback registration rights to the Founder Post-IPO Member and the Silver Lake Equityholders and piggyback registration rights to certain of the other Virtu Post-IPO Members. See "Shares Available for Future Sale" for a more detailed description of the shares that will be available for future sale upon completion of this offering.

Failure to establish and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and stock price.

          Maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting is necessary for us to produce reliable financial reports and is important in helping to prevent financial fraud. If we are unable to maintain adequate internal controls, our business and operating results could be harmed. We have begun to evaluate how to document and test our internal control procedures to satisfy the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 ("Sarbanes-Oxley") and the related rules of the SEC, which require, among other things, our management to assess annually the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and, if we are no longer an emerging growth company under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (the "JOBS Act"), our independent registered public accounting firm to issue a report on that assessment beginning with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2015. During the course of this documentation and testing, we may identify weaknesses or deficiencies that we may be unable to

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remedy before the requisite deadline for those reports. In connection with the audit of our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2012, we and our independent registered public accounting firm identified a material weakness in our internal controls over financial reporting. This material weakness related to our inability to prepare timely and accurate financial statements, resulting from a lack of reconciliations, a lack of detailed review and insufficient resources and level of technical accounting expertise within the accounting function. Although we have hired senior accounting and finance employees and have reallocated existing internal resources to help enhance our internal controls over financial reporting following reviews of our accounting and finance function conducted by members of senior management and by a third-party consultant, there can be no assurance that we will remediate this material weakness or avoid future weaknesses or deficiencies. Any failure to remediate this material weakness and any future weaknesses or deficiencies or any failure to implement required new or improved controls or difficulties encountered in their implementation could cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations or result in material misstatements in our financial statements. If our management or our independent registered public accounting firm were to conclude in their reports that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective, investors could lose confidence in our reported financial information, and the trading price of our Class A common stock could drop significantly. Failure to comply with Section 404 of Sarbanes-Oxley could potentially subject us to sanctions or investigations by the SEC, FINRA or other regulatory authorities, as well as increasing the risk of liability arising from litigation based on securities law.

We intend to pay regular dividends to our stockholders, but our ability to do so may be limited by our holding company structure, contractual restrictions and regulatory requirements.

          After the consummation of this offering, we intend to pay cash dividends on a quarterly basis. See "Dividend Policy." However, we are a holding company, with our principal asset after the consummation of this offering being our direct and indirect equity interests in Virtu Financial, and we will have no independent means of generating revenue. Accordingly, as the sole managing member of Virtu Financial, we intend to cause, and will rely on, Virtu Financial to make distributions to its equityholders, including the Founder Post-IPO Member, the Silver Lake Post-IPO Members, the Management Vehicles, the Management Members and us, to fund our dividends. When Virtu Financial makes such distributions, the other equityholders of Virtu Financial will be entitled to receive equivalent distributions pro rata based on their economic interests in Virtu Financial. See "Organizational Structure." In order for Virtu Financial to make distributions, it may need to receive distributions from its subsidiaries. Certain of these subsidiaries are or may in the future be subject to regulatory capital requirements that limit the size or frequency of distributions. See " — Risks Related to Our Business — Failure to comply with applicable net capital requirements could subject us to sanctions imposed by the SEC, FINRA and other SROs or regulatory bodies." If Virtu Financial is unable to cause these subsidiaries to make distributions, we may not receive adequate distributions from Virtu Financial in order to fund our dividends.

          Our board of directors will periodically review the cash generated from our business and the capital expenditures required to finance our global growth plans and determine whether to modify the amount of regular dividends and/or declare periodic special dividends to our stockholders. Our board of directors will take into account general economic and business conditions, including our financial condition and results of operations, capital requirements, contractual restrictions, including restrictions contained in our credit agreement, business prospects and other factors that our board of directors considers relevant. There can be no assurance that our board of directors will not reduce the amount of regular cash dividends or cause us to cease paying dividends altogether. In addition, our credit agreement limits the amount of distributions our subsidiaries, including Virtu Financial, can make to us and the purposes for which distributions could be made. Accordingly, we may not be able to pay dividends even if our board of directors would otherwise deem it

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appropriate. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources" and "Description of Capital Stock."

Provisions in our charter documents may delay or prevent our acquisition by a third party.

          Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and by-laws will contain several provisions that may make it more difficult or expensive for a third party to acquire control of us without the approval of our board of directors. These provisions, which may delay, prevent or deter a merger, acquisition, tender offer, proxy contest or other transaction that stockholders may consider favorable, include the following, some of which may only become effective when the Founder Post-IPO Member or any of its affiliates or permitted transferees no longer beneficially own shares representing 25% of our issued and outstanding common stock (the "Triggering Event"):

    the 10 vote per share feature of our Class B common stock and Class D common stock;

    the division of our board of directors into three classes and the election of each class for three-year terms;

    the sole ability of the board of directors to fill a vacancy created by the expansion of the board of directors;

    advance notice requirements for stockholder proposals and director nominations;

    after the Triggering Event, provisions limiting stockholders ability to call special meetings of stockholders, to require special meetings of stockholders to be called and to take action by written consent;

    after the Triggering Event, in certain cases, the approval of holders of at least 75% of the shares entitled to vote generally on the making, alteration, amendment or repeal of our certificate of incorporation or by-laws will be required to adopt, amend or repeal our by-laws, or amend or repeal certain provisions of our certificate of incorporation;

    after the Triggering Event, the required approval of holders of at least 75% of the shares entitled to vote at an election of the directors to remove directors, which removal may only be for cause; and

    the ability of our board of directors to designate the terms of and issue new series of preferred stock without stockholder approval, which could be used, among other things, to institute a rights plan that would have the effect of significantly diluting the stock ownership of a potential hostile acquirer, likely preventing acquisitions that have not been approved by our board of directors.

          These provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and by-laws could discourage potential takeover attempts and reduce the price that investors might be willing to pay for shares of our Class A common stock in the future, which could reduce the market price of our Class A common stock. For more information, see "Description of Capital Stock."

Our stock price may be volatile, and you may be unable to resell your shares at or above the offering price or at all.

          Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our Class A common stock, and an active trading market may not develop or be sustained upon the completion of this offering. The initial public offering price of the Class A common stock offered hereby was determined through our negotiations with the underwriters and may not be indicative of the market price of the Class A common stock after this offering. The market price of our Class A common stock after this offering will be subject to significant fluctuations in response to, among other factors, variations in our operating results and market conditions specific to our business.

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          Furthermore, in recent years the stock market has experienced significant price and volume fluctuations. This volatility has had a significant impact on the market price of securities issued by many companies, including companies in our industry. The changes frequently appear to occur without regard to the operating performance of the affected companies. As such, the price of our Class A common stock could fluctuate based upon factors that have little or nothing to do with us, and these fluctuations could materially reduce the price of our Class A common stock and materially affect the value of your investment.

Because the initial public offering price per share of Class A common stock is substantially higher than our book value per share, purchasers in this offering will immediately experience a substantial dilution in net tangible book value.

          Purchasers of our Class A common stock will experience immediate and substantial dilution in net tangible book value per share from the initial public offering price per share. After giving effect to the reorganization transactions, our entry into the tax receivable agreements, the sale of the                          shares of Class A common stock we have offered hereby (after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us) and the application of the net proceeds therefrom, our pro forma net tangible book value as of September 30, 2013, would have been $              million, or $             per share of Class A common stock and Class B common stock (assuming that the Virtu Post-IPO Members exchange all of their Virtu Financial Units (and corresponding shares of Class C common stock or Class D common stock, as applicable) for shares of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock, as applicable, on a one-for-one basis). This value represents an immediate dilution in net tangible book value of $             per share to new investors purchasing shares of our Class A common stock in this offering. A calculation of the dilution purchasers will incur is provided below under "Dilution."

We will incur increased costs as a result of being a public company.

          As a public company, we will incur significant levels of legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a privately-owned corporation. Sarbanes-Oxley and related rules of the SEC, together with the listing requirements of NASDAQ, impose significant requirements relating to disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. We expect that compliance with these public company requirements will increase our costs, require additional resources and make some activities more time consuming than they have been in the past when we were privately owned. We will be required to expend considerable time and resources complying with public company regulations. In addition, these laws and regulations could make it more difficult or costly for us to obtain certain types of insurance, including director and officer liability insurance, and we may be forced to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage. In addition, these laws and regulations could make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on our board of directors or as executive officers and may divert management's attention. Furthermore, if we are unable to satisfy our obligations as a public company, we could be subject to delisting of our Class A common stock, fines, sanctions and other regulatory action.

Our anticipated reliance on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements under the JOBS Act may deter trading in our Class A common stock.

          We qualify as an "emerging growth company" under the JOBS Act. As a result, we are permitted to, and intend to, rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements. For so long as we are an emerging growth company, we will not be required to:

    provide an auditor attestation and report with respect to management's assessment of the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act;

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    comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor's report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements (i.e., an auditor discussion and analysis); and

    submit certain executive compensation matters to shareholder advisory votes, such as "say-on-pay" and "say-on-frequency," and disclose certain executive compensation related items such as the correlation between executive compensation and performance and comparisons of the Chief Executive Officer's compensation to median employee compensation.

          In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act also provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected not to take advantage of the benefits of this extended transition period.

          We will remain an "emerging growth company" for up to five years, or until the earliest of (i) the last day of the first fiscal year in which our total annual gross revenues exceed $1 billion, (ii) the date that we become a "large accelerated filer" as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), which would occur if the market value of our common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter or (iii) the date on which we have issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt during the preceding three-year period.

          Until such time, however, we cannot predict if investors will find our Class A common stock less attractive because we may rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our Class A common stock less attractive, there may be a less active trading market for our Class A common stock and our stock price may be more volatile.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about us or our business, or publish projections for our business that exceed our actual results, our stock price and trading volume could decline.

          The trading market for our Class A common stock may be affected by the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. We do not currently have, and may never obtain, research coverage by securities and industry analysts. If no securities or industry analysts commence coverage of our Company, the trading price for our Class A common stock and the trading volume could decline. In the event we obtain securities or industry analyst coverage, if one or more of the analysts who covers us downgrades our Class A common stock or publishes inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price could decline. In addition, if we obtain analyst coverage, the analysts' projections may have little or no relationship to the results we actually achieve and could cause our stock price to decline if we fail to meet their projections. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of us or fails to publish reports on us regularly, our stock price or trading volume could decline.

We have broad discretion over the use of the net proceeds from this offering and may not use them effectively.

          Our management will have broad discretion over the application of a portion of the net proceeds from this offering and could spend such net proceeds in ways that do not improve our financial condition or results of operations, or enhance the value of our Class A common stock. The failure by our management to apply these funds effectively could result in financial losses and cause the price of our Class A common stock to decline. Pending their use, we may invest such net proceeds in a manner that does not produce income or that loses value.

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

          This prospectus contains forward-looking statements. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements because they are subject to numerous uncertainties and factors relating to our operations and business environment, all of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond our control. Forward-looking statements include information concerning our possible or assumed future results of operations, including descriptions of our business strategy. These forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, including the terms "may," "will," "should," "believe," "expect," "anticipate," "intend," "plan," "estimate," "project" or, in each case, their negative, or other variations or comparable terminology and expressions. These statements are based on assumptions that we have made in light of our experience in the industry as well as our perceptions of historical trends, current conditions, expected future developments and other factors we believe are appropriate under the circumstances. As you read and consider this prospectus, you should understand that these statements are not guarantees of performance or results and that our actual results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and the development of the industry in which we operate, may differ materially from those made in or suggested by the forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus. By their nature, forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties because they relate to events and depend on circumstances that may or may not occur in the future. Although we believe that the forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus are based on reasonable assumptions, you should be aware that many factors could affect our actual financial results or results of operations and could cause actual results to differ materially from those in such forward-looking statements, including but not limited to:

    reduced levels of overall trading activity;

    dependence upon trading counterparties and clearing houses performing their obligations to us;

    failures of our customized trading platform;

    risks inherent to the electronic market making business and trading generally;

    increased competition in market making activities;

    dependence on continued access to sources of liquidity;

    risks associated with self-clearing and other operational elements of our business;

    compliance with laws and regulations, including those specific to our industry;

    obligation to comply with applicable regulatory capital requirements;

    litigation or other legal and regulatory-based liabilities;

    proposed legislation that would impose taxes on certain financial transactions in the European Union, the U.S. and other jurisdictions;

    obligation to comply with laws and regulations applicable to our international operations;

    need to maintain and continue developing proprietary technologies;

    failure to maintain system security or otherwise maintain confidential and proprietary information;

    capacity constraints, system failures, and delays;

    dependence on third party infrastructure or systems;

    use of open source software;

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    failure to protect or enforce our intellectual property rights in our proprietary technology;

    risks associated with international operations and expansion, including failed acquisitions or dispositions;

    fluctuations in currency exchange rates;

    risks associated with potential growth and associated corporate actions;

    inability to, or delay, in accessing the capital markets to sell shares or raise additional capital;

    loss of key executives and failure to recruit and retain qualified personnel; and

    risks associated with losing access to a significant exchange or other trading venue.

          These and other factors are more fully discussed in the "Risk Factors" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" sections and elsewhere in this prospectus. These risks could cause actual results to differ materially from those implied by forward-looking statements in this prospectus. Even if our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity and the development of the industry in which we operate are consistent with the forward looking statements contained in this prospectus, those results or developments may not be indicative of results or developments in subsequent periods.

          All information contained in this prospectus is materially accurate and complete as of the date of this prospectus. You should keep in mind, however, that any forward-looking statement made by us in this prospectus, or elsewhere, speaks only as of the date on which we make it. New risks and uncertainties come up from time to time, and it is impossible for us to predict these events or how they may affect us. We have no obligation to update any forward-looking statements in this prospectus after the date of this prospectus, except as required by federal securities laws. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements concerning the proposed transaction or other matters and attributable to us or any other person acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referred to within this prospectus. In light of these risks and uncertainties, you should keep in mind that any event described in a forward-looking statement made in this prospectus or elsewhere might not occur.

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ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

Structure Prior to the Reorganization Transactions

          We and our predecessors have been in the electronic trading and market making business for approximately 12 years. We currently conduct our business through Virtu Financial and its subsidiaries. Mr. Viola, our Founder and Executive Chairman, is the sole manager of Virtu Financial.

          Prior to the commencement of the reorganization transactions, Virtu Financial had limited liability company interests outstanding in the form of Class A-1 interests, Class A-2 interests and Class B interests. Class A-2 interests included both Class A-2 capital interests and Class A-2 profits interests.

          The following diagram depicts Virtu Financial's organizational structure prior to the reorganization transactions. This chart is provided for illustrative purposes only and does not purport to represent all legal entities within Virtu Financial's organizational structure.

GRAPHIC

Class A Interests

          Prior to the commencement of the reorganization transactions, the Class A-1 interests, Class A-2 capital interests and Class A-2 profits interests were owned as follows:

    the Founder Pre-IPO Members owned 1,964,826 Class A-1 interests and 79,239,978 Class A-2 capital interests;

    the Silver Lake Pre-IPO Member owned 25,000,000 Class A-1 interests;

    Virtu Employee Holdco LLC, one of the Management Vehicles ("Virtu Employee Holdco"), owned 3,712,549 vested and 752,613 unvested Class A-2 profits interests, and Virtu East MIP LLC, the other Management Vehicle ("Virtu East MIP"), owned 2,625,000 Class A-2 capital interests; and

    the Management Members and other Virtu Pre-IPO Members owned 15,784,916 Class A-2 capital interests.

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          In a sale or other specified capital transaction, holders of Class A-1 interests are entitled to receive distributions up to specified preference amounts before holders of Class A-2 capital interests are entitled to receive distributions.

          The Class A-2 profits interests are treated similarly to the Class A-2 capital interests, except that they are not entitled to receive any distributions resulting from a transaction that implies a liquidation value of Virtu Financial that is less than the liquidation value of Virtu Financial on their date of grant. Certain of the Class A-2 profits interests vest over specified time periods, subject to the continued service of the applicable employee or director on each annual vesting date.

Class B Interests

          Prior to the commencement of the reorganization transactions, Virtu Financial also had limited liability company interests outstanding in the form of Class B interests, which represent, in a sale or other specified capital transaction, a percentage of the profits and appreciation in the equity value of Virtu Financial arising after the date of grant (such percentage of profits and appreciation, a "Class B percentage interest"). The Class B interests were issued directly to, and are currently held by, Virtu Employee Holdco, on behalf of certain members of the management of Virtu Financial that participate in the Virtu Financial LLC Management Incentive Plan (the "Existing Equity Incentive Plan"), and two of our executive officers. The Class B interests vest over a four-year period, subject to (i) the direct or indirect recipient's continued employment on each annual vesting date and (ii) the consummation of a sale transaction meeting specified criteria or an initial public offering. We expect this offering to meet the vesting criteria for an initial public offering. Prior to the commencement of the reorganization transactions, Virtu Financial had outstanding Class B interests representing an aggregate 13.715% Class B percentage interest. Class B interests are not entitled to receive distributions of operating cash flow from Virtu Financial.

The Reorganization Transactions

          Prior to the completion of this offering, we intend to commence an internal reorganization, which we refer to as the "reorganization transactions." In connection with the reorganization transactions, the following steps will occur:

    we will become the sole managing member of Virtu Financial;

    two of the Founder Pre-IPO Members will liquidate and distribute their equity interests in Virtu Financial to their equityholders, one of whom is the Founder Post-IPO Member;

    the Silver Lake Pre-IPO Member will distribute its equity interests in Virtu Financial to its equityholders, including Silver Lake Technology Investors III, L.P. and Silver Lake Partners III DE (AIV III), L.P., two of the Silver Lake Post-IPO Members, and SLP III EW Feeder II, L.P. ("Silver Lake Feeder");

    Silver Lake Feeder will distribute its equity interests in Virtu Financial to its equityholders, including Silver Lake Technology Associates III, L.P., the third Silver Lake Post-IPO Member, and SLP III EW Feeder Corp. ("Silver Lake Corp");

    Silver Lake Corp will merge with a wholly owned subsidiary of ours ("Virtu Merger Sub"), with Virtu Merger Sub remaining as the surviving entity in the merger, and as a result (i) we will acquire the equity interests in Virtu Financial held by Silver Lake Corp and (ii) the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder will receive shares of our Class A common stock and rights to receive payments under a tax receivable agreement described below. The number of shares of Class A common stock to be issued to the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder will be based on the value of the Virtu Financial equity interests that we acquire, which will be

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      determined based on a hypothetical liquidation of Virtu Financial and the initial public offering price per share of our Class A common stock in this offering;

    all of the existing equity interests in Virtu Financial will be reclassified into Virtu Financial Units. The number of Virtu Financial Units to be issued to each member of Virtu Financial will be determined based on a hypothetical liquidation of Virtu Financial and the initial public offering price per share of our Class A common stock in this offering. The Virtu Financial Units received by Virtu Employee Holdco and the Management Members will have the same vesting restrictions as the equity interests being reclassified. Unvested Virtu Financial Units will be entitled, like vested Virtu Financial Units, to receive distributions, if any, from Virtu Financial, unless and until such unvested Virtu Financial Units are forfeited. If any unvested Virtu Financial Units are forfeited, they will be cancelled by Virtu Financial for no consideration (and we will cancel the related shares of Class C common stock for no consideration);

    we will amend and restate our certificate of incorporation and will be authorized to issue four classes of common stock: Class A common stock, Class B common stock, Class C common stock and Class D common stock. The Class A common stock and Class C common stock will each provide holders with one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders, and the Class B common stock and Class D common stock will each provide holders with 10 votes on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. The holders of Class C common stock and Class D common stock will not have any of the economic rights (including rights to dividends and distributions upon liquidation) provided to holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock. These attributes are summarized in the following table:

Class of Common Stock
  Votes   Economic Rights

Class A common stock

    1   Yes

Class B common stock

    10   Yes

Class C common stock

    1   No

Class D common stock

    10   No

          Shares of our common stock will generally vote together as a single class on all matters submitted to a vote of our stockholders;

    the Virtu Post-IPO Members will subscribe for and purchase shares of our common stock as follows, in each case at a purchase price of $0.00001 per share and in an amount equal to the number of Virtu Financial Units held by each such Virtu Post-IPO Member:

    the Founder Post-IPO Member will purchase                  shares of our Class D common stock; and

    the Silver Lake Post-IPO Members, the Management Vehicles, the Management Members and the other Virtu Post-IPO Members will purchase                  shares of our Class C common stock;

    the Founder Post-IPO Member will be granted the right to exchange its Virtu Financial Units, together with a corresponding number of shares of our Class D common stock, for shares of our Class B common stock, and the other Virtu Post-IPO Members will be granted the right to exchange their Virtu Financial Units, together with a corresponding number of shares of our Class C common stock, for shares of our Class A common stock. Each share of our Class B common stock and Class D common stock is convertible at any time, at the option of the holder, into one share of Class A common stock or Class C common stock, respectively.

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    the limited liability company agreement of Virtu Employee Holdco will be amended such that, following this offering:

    the membership interests of Virtu Employee Holdco will be reclassified into a number of restricted common units of Virtu Employee Holdco equal to the number of Virtu Financial Units held by Virtu Employee Holdco on behalf of its members;

    the restricted common units of Virtu Employee Holdco remain subject to the vesting restrictions applicable to the membership interests from which they were reclassified; and

    at any time after this offering, subject to certain restrictions, members of Virtu Employee Holdco desiring to transfer their vested interests in us can elect to (i) cause Virtu Employee Holdco to distribute the vested Virtu Financial Units and corresponding shares of Class C common stock indirectly owned by such member to such member in redemption of its corresponding interests in Virtu Employee Holdco, (ii) exchange such Virtu Financial Units and corresponding shares of Class C common stock into shares of Class A common stock and/or (iii) transfer such shares of Class A common stock;

    the limited liability company agreement of Virtu East MIP LLC will be amended such that, following this offering:

    the Class B interests of Virtu East MIP, which are currently subject to vesting restrictions, will continue to be subject to such restrictions; and

    the Founder Post-IPO Member and Messrs. Cifu and Concannon, who currently own a portion of the Class A interests of Virtu East MIP, will become the co-managing members of Virtu East MIP; and

    pursuant to the Amended and Restated Virtu Financial LLC Agreement, upon the expiration of the four-year vesting term of Virtu East MIP on July 8, 2015, (i) Virtu East MIP will (x) contribute the Virtu Financial Units and Class C common stock held by it on behalf of the holders of Class B interests of Virtu East MIP to Virtu Employee Holdco in exchange for an equal number of common units of Virtu Employee Holdco and (y) liquidate and distribute (A) to the holders of Class B interests of Virtu East MIP, such common units of Virtu Employee Holdco and (B) to the holders of Class A interests of Virtu East MIP, including the Founder Post-IPO Member and Messrs. Cifu and Concannon, any Virtu Financial Units and corresponding shares of Class C common stock held by Virtu East MIP on behalf of employees that forfeited their Class B interests in Virtu East MIP. In addition, we will cancel any shares of Class C common stock distributed by Virtu East MIP to the Founder Post-IPO Member as described above and issue to the Founder Post-IPO Member a number of shares of Class D common stock equal to the number of shares of Class C common stock so cancelled.

          We have not engaged in any business or other activities except in connection with the reorganization transactions and have no material assets. Following this offering, Virtu Financial and its subsidiaries will continue to operate the historical business of our Company.

Effect of the Reorganization Transactions and this Offering

          The reorganization transactions are intended to create a holding company that will facilitate public ownership of, and investment in, our Company and are structured in a tax-efficient manner for our investors. Because we will manage and operate the business and control the strategic decisions and day-to-day operations of Virtu Financial, as its sole managing member, and will also have a substantial financial interest in Virtu Financial, we will consolidate the financial results of Virtu Financial, and a portion of our net income (loss) will be allocated to the non-controlling interest to reflect the entitlement of the Virtu Post-IPO Members to a portion of Virtu Financial's net income

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(loss). In addition, because Virtu Financial will be under the common control of Mr. Viola and his affiliates before and after the reorganization transactions, we will account for the reorganization transactions as a reorganization of entities under common control and will initially measure the interests of the Virtu Pre-IPO Members in the assets and liabilities of Virtu Financial at their carrying amounts as of the date of the completion of this reorganization transactions.

          Certain Virtu Pre-IPO Members desire that their investment in us maintain its existing tax treatment as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes and, therefore, will continue to hold their ownership interests in Virtu Financial until such time in the future as they may elect to exchange their Virtu Financial Units (and corresponding shares of our Class C common stock or Class D common stock, as applicable) with Virtu Financial for shares of our Class A common stock or Class B common stock, as applicable, on a one-for-one basis.

          After the completion of this offering, based on an assumed initial public offering price of $             per share (the midpoint of the estimated public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), we intend to use the net proceeds from this offering as follows:

    we intend to contribute $              million of the net proceeds from this offering to Virtu Financial in exchange for a number of Virtu Financial Units equal to the contribution amount divided by the price paid by the underwriters for shares of our Class A common stock in this offering, and such contribution amount will be used by Virtu Financial for working capital and general corporate purposes, which may include financing growth; and

    we intend to use the remaining approximately $              million of the net proceeds from this offering to repurchase                          shares of Class A common stock from the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder and                          Virtu Financial Units and corresponding shares of Class C common stock from certain of the Virtu Post-IPO Members, including certain members of management (or $              million of the net proceeds from this offering,                           shares of Class A common stock and                          Virtu Financial Units and corresponding shares of Class C common stock if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full), in each case at a price equal to the price paid by the underwriters for shares of our Class A common stock in this offering. None of the Founder Pre-IPO Members, the Founder Post-IPO Member nor Mr. Viola or any of his family members intends to sell any equity interests in the Company in connection with the reorganization transactions or this offering.

          See "Use of Proceeds" for further details.

          The following diagram depicts our organizational structure following the reorganization transactions, this offering and the application of the net proceeds from this offering (assuming an initial public offering price of $             per share (the midpoint of the estimated public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus) and no exercise of the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares). This chart is provided for illustrative purposes only and does not purport to represent all legal entities within our organizational structure:

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GRAPHIC


*
Excludes                          unvested Virtu Financial Units and corresponding shares of Class C common stock.

          Based on an assumed initial public offering price of $             per share (the midpoint of the estimated public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), upon completion of the transactions described above, this offering and the application of the net proceeds from this offering:

    we will be appointed as the sole managing member of Virtu Financial and will directly or indirectly hold                           Virtu Financial Units, constituting         % of the outstanding equity interests in Virtu Financial (or                          Virtu Financial Units, constituting         % of the outstanding equity interests in Virtu Financial if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full);

    the Founder Post-IPO Member will hold an aggregate of                          shares of our Class D common stock and                           Virtu Financial Units, constituting         % of the outstanding equity interests in Virtu Financial (or                          shares of Class D common stock and                           Virtu Financial Units, constituting         % of the outstanding equity interests in Virtu Financial, if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full), collectively representing         % of the combined voting power in us (or         % if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full);

    the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder and the Silver Lake Post-IPO Members (collectively, the "Silver Lake Equityholders") will hold an aggregate of                          shares of our Class A common stock,                           shares of our Class C common stock and                          

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      Virtu Financial Units, representing directly and indirectly         % of the outstanding equity interests in Virtu Financial (or                          shares of Class A common stock,                           shares of Class C common stock and                          Virtu Financial Units, representing directly and indirectly         % of the outstanding equity interests in Virtu Financial, if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full), collectively representing         % of the combined voting power in us (or         % if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full);

    the Management Vehicles will hold, subject to the vesting restrictions described above, an aggregate of                           shares of our Class C common stock and                          Virtu Financial Units, constituting         % of the outstanding equity interests in Virtu Financial (or                          shares of Class C common stock and                          Virtu Financial Units, constituting         % of the outstanding equity interests in Virtu Financial, if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full), collectively representing         % of the combined voting power in us (or         % if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full);

    the other Virtu Post-IPO Members, including the Management Members and other pre-IPO investors, will hold, subject to the vesting restrictions described above, an aggregate of                          shares of our Class C common stock and                          Virtu Financial Units, constituting         % of the outstanding equity interests in Virtu Financial (or                          shares of Class C common stock and                          Virtu Financial Units, constituting         % of the outstanding equity interests in Virtu Financial, if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full), collectively representing         % of the combined voting power in us (or          % if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full); and

    our public stockholders will collectively hold                          shares of our Class A common stock, representing          % of the combined voting power in us and indirectly representing (through us)         % of the equity interest in Virtu Financial (or                          shares,         % and          %, respectively, if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full).

Holding Company Structure and Tax Receivable Agreements

          We are a holding company, and immediately after the consummation of the reorganization transactions and this offering our principal asset will be our ownership interests in Virtu Financial, which we will hold directly and indirectly. The number of Virtu Financial Units we will own, directly or indirectly, at any time will equal the aggregate number of outstanding shares of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock. The economic interest represented by each Virtu Financial Unit that we own will correspond to one share of our Class A common stock or Class B common stock, and the total number of Virtu Financial Units owned directly or indirectly by us and the holders of our Class C common stock and Class D common stock at any given time will equal the sum of the outstanding shares of all classes of our common stock. Shares of our Class C common stock and Class D common stock cannot be transferred except in connection with a transfer or exchange of Virtu Financial Units.

          We do not intend to list our Class B common stock, Class C common stock or Class D common stock on any stock exchange.

          In connection with the reorganization transactions, we will acquire existing equity interests in Virtu Financial from Silver Lake Corp in exchange for the issuance of shares of our Class A common stock and rights to receive payments under a tax receivable agreement to the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder. In addition, as described above, we intend to use a portion of the net proceeds from this offering to repurchase (i) Class A common stock from the Silver Lake Post-IPO

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Stockholder and (ii) Virtu Financial Units and corresponding shares of Class C common stock from certain Virtu Post-IPO Members, including certain members of management. These acquisitions of interests in Virtu Financial will result in favorable tax basis adjustments to the assets of Virtu Financial, and these basis adjustments will be allocated to us and our subsidiaries. In addition, future exchanges by the Virtu Post-IPO Members of Virtu Financial Units and corresponding shares of Class C common stock or Class D common stock, as the case may be, for shares of our Class A common stock or Class B common stock, respectively, are expected to produce favorable tax attributes. These tax attributes would not be available to us in the absence of those transactions. In addition, in connection with the reorganization transactions, we expect to succeed to future depreciation and amortization deductions attributable to the prior acquisition of interests in Virtu Financial by an affiliate of Silver Lake Partners.

          We intend to enter into three tax receivable agreements with the Virtu Post-IPO Members and the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder (one with the Founder Post-IPO Member, the Management Vehicles, the Management Members and other pre-IPO investors other than affiliates of Silver Lake Partners, another with the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder and the other with the Silver Lake Post-IPO Members) that will provide for the payment by us to the Virtu Post-IPO Members and the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder (or their transferees of Virtu Financial Units or other assignees) of 85% of the amount of cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state and local income tax or franchise tax that we actually realize as a result of (i) any increase in tax basis in Virtu Financial's assets resulting from (a) the acquisition of equity interests in Virtu Financial from Silver Lake Corp in the reorganization transactions, (b) the purchases of Virtu Financial Units (along with the corresponding shares of our Class C common stock or Class D common stock, as applicable) from certain of the Virtu Post-IPO Members using a portion of the net proceeds from this offering, (c) exchanges by the Virtu Post-IPO Members of Virtu Financial Units (along with the corresponding shares of our Class C common stock or Class D common stock, as applicable) for shares of our Class A common stock or Class B common stock, as applicable, or (d) payments under the tax receivable agreements, (ii) future depreciation and amortization deductions attributable to the prior acquisition of interests in Virtu Financial by an affiliate of Silver Lake Partners and (iii) tax benefits related to imputed interest deemed arising as a result of payments made under the tax receivable agreements. Although we are not aware of any issue that would cause the IRS to challenge the tax basis increases or other benefits arising under the tax receivable agreements, the Virtu Post-IPO Members and the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder (or their transferees or assignees) will not reimburse us for any payments previously made if such basis increases or other benefits are subsequently disallowed, except that excess payments made to the Virtu Post-IPO Members and the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder will be netted against future payments otherwise to be made under the tax receivable agreements, if any, after our determination of such excess. As a result, in such circumstances we could make future payments to the Virtu Post-IPO Members and the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder under the tax receivable agreements that are greater than our actual cash tax savings and may not be able to recoup those payments, which could negatively impact our liquidity. See "Risk Factors — We will be required to pay the Virtu Post-IPO Members and the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder for certain tax benefits we may claim, and the amounts we may pay could be significant" and "Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions — Tax Receivable Agreements."

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USE OF PROCEEDS

          We estimate that our net proceeds from this offering will be approximately $              million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses of approximately $              million, based on an assumed initial offering price of $             per share (the midpoint of the estimated public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus) and assuming the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares is not exercised. If the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full, we expect to receive approximately $              million of net proceeds based on an assumed initial offering price of $             per share (the midpoint of the estimated public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus).

          Based on an assumed initial public offering price of $             per share (the midpoint of the estimated public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), we intend to contribute $              million of the net proceeds from this offering to Virtu Financial in exchange for a number of Virtu Financial Units equal to the contribution amount divided by the price paid by the underwriters for shares of our Class A common stock in this offering. Virtu Financial will contribute such net proceeds to its subsidiaries. We have broad discretion as to the application of such net proceeds to be used for working capital and general corporate purposes. We may use such net proceeds to finance growth through the acquisition of, or investment in, businesses, products, services or technologies that are complementary to our current business, through mergers, acquisitions or other strategic transactions. Prior to application, we may hold any such net proceeds in cash or invest them in short-term securities or investments. You will not have an opportunity to evaluate the economic, financial or other information on which we base our decisions regarding the use of these proceeds.

          We intend to use the remaining approximately $              million of the net proceeds from this offering to repurchase                          shares of Class A common stock from the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder and                          Virtu Financial Units and corresponding shares of Class C common stock from certain of the Virtu Post-IPO Members, including certain members of management (or $              million of the net proceeds from this offering,                           shares of Class A common stock and                          Virtu Financial Units and corresponding shares of Class C common stock if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full), in each case at a price equal to the price paid by the underwriters for shares of our Class A common stock in this offering. Certain of our 5% equityholders, directors and executive officers will receive a portion of the proceeds pursuant to these repurchases, but none of the Founder Pre-IPO Members, the Founder Post-IPO Member nor Mr. Viola or any of his family members intends to sell any equity interests in the Company in connection with the reorganization transactions or this offering. See "Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions — Purchases from Equityholders."

          A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $             per share would increase (decrease) the amount of proceeds to us from this offering available to purchase shares of Class A common stock and Virtu Financial Units by $              million and for working capital and general corporate purposes by $              million, assuming the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same, and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

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DIVIDEND POLICY

          Virtu Financial has historically generated cash from market making activities significantly in excess of the capital required to fund its required capital expenditures and the capital required to support its market making activities. As such, Virtu Financial has regularly declared and paid distributions on its equity interests during the years ended December 31, 2011, 2012 and 2013.

          During the year ended December 31, 2011, Virtu Financial declared and paid the following cash distributions, by quarter:

Year Ended December 31, 2011
(In millions)
 
Aggregate
Cash
Distributions
 

1st Quarter

  $  

2nd Quarter

    18.1  

3rd Quarter

    62.8  

4th Quarter

    40.0  
       

Total distributions

  $ 120.9  
       

          Madison Tyler Holdings also declared and paid cash distributions to its members of $27.6 million and $31.7 million during the first and second quarters, respectively, of the year ended December 31, 2011, prior to the consummation of the Madison Tyler Transactions.

          During the year ended December 31, 2012, Virtu Financial declared and paid the following cash distributions, by quarter:

Year Ended December 31, 2012
(In millions)
 
Aggregate
Cash
Distributions
 

1st Quarter

  $ 22.0  

2nd Quarter

    70.0  

3rd Quarter

    19.5  

4th Quarter

    22.9  
       

Total distributions

  $ 134.4  
       

          During the year ended December 31, 2013, Virtu Financial declared the following cash distributions, by quarter:

Year Ended December 31, 2013
(In millions)
 
Aggregate
Cash
Distributions
 

1st Quarter

  $ 12.4  

2nd Quarter

    241.0 (1)

3rd Quarter

    55.0  

4th Quarter

    125.0 (2)
       

Total distributions

  $ 433.4  
       

(1)
Includes a special distribution of $147.1 million to the members of Virtu Financial, representing the proceeds from an incremental term loan under our senior secured credit facility in May 2013.

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(2)
Includes a special distribution of $98.4 million to the members of Virtu Financial, representing the incremental proceeds from the most recent refinancing of our senior secured credit facility in November 2013.

          In addition, during years ended December 31, 2006 through 2010, Virtu Financial and Madison Tyler Holdings regularly declared and paid significant cash distributions to their respective members, in an aggregate amount of $813.6 million.

          Following the consummation of this offering, before any other distributions are made to us and the Virtu Post-IPO Members by Virtu Financial, Virtu Financial will distribute to certain Virtu Pre-IPO Members as of immediately prior to the commencement of the reorganization transactions, pro rata in accordance with their respective interests in classes of equity entitled to participate in operating cash flow distributions, operating cash flow of Virtu Financial and its subsidiaries for the fiscal period beginning on                          and ending on the date of the consummation of the reorganization transactions, less any reserves established during this period and less any operating cash flow for this period previously distributed to such Virtu Pre-IPO Members. "Operating cash flow" refers to Virtu Financial's Available Cash Flow (as defined in Virtu Financial's existing limited liability company agreement), which includes Virtu Financial's consolidated net income, adjusted to exclude non-cash items, extraordinary or one-time items and any non-cash compensation expense related to any equity interests issued under any management equity plan. We expect this distribution to be in an aggregate amount of approximately $             and to be funded from cash on hand.

          Following the consummation of this offering, our board of directors intends to continue our policy of returning excess cash to our stockholders. Commencing with the fiscal quarter ending                          , 2014, we intend to pay a quarterly dividend of $             per share to holders of our Class A common stock. The payment of dividends will be subject to general economic and business conditions, including our financial condition and results of operations, capital requirements, contractual restrictions, including restrictions contained in our credit agreement, regulatory restrictions, business prospects and other factors that our board of directors considers relevant.

          Our board of directors will periodically review the cash generated from our business and the capital expenditures required to finance our growth plans and determine whether to increase this regular dividend and/or declare and pay periodic special dividends to our stockholders. Any future determination to change the amount of dividends and/or declare special dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will be dependent upon then-existing conditions, including our financial condition and results of operations, capital requirements, contractual restrictions, including restrictions contained in our credit agreement, business prospects and other factors that our board of directors considers relevant.

          Because we will be a holding company and our principal asset after the consummation of this offering will be our direct and indirect equity interests in Virtu Financial, we intend to fund our initial dividend and any future dividends by causing Virtu Financial, in our capacity as its sole managing member, to make distributions to its equityholders, including the Founder Post-IPO Member, the Silver Lake Post-IPO Members, the Management Vehicles, the Management Members and us.

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CAPITALIZATION

          The following table sets forth our cash and cash equivalents and capitalization as of September 30, 2013 (i) on an actual basis, (ii) on a pro forma basis to reflect the reorganization transactions described under "Organizational Structure" and the estimated impact of the tax receivable agreements and (iii) as further adjusted to reflect:

    the sale of                          shares of our Class A common stock in this offering at an assumed public offering price of $             per share (the midpoint of the estimated offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), after deducting the underwriters' discounts and commissions and the estimated offering expenses;

    the application of the net proceeds of this offering as described under "Use of Proceeds"; and

    a one-time distribution to occur following the consummation of this offering described under "Dividend Policy."

          This table should be read in conjunction with "Use of Proceeds," "Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Information" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and the consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.

 
  As of September 30, 2013  
(in thousands)
 
Actual
 
Pro Forma
 
Pro Forma
As Adjusted(1)
 

Cash and cash equivalents

  $ 66,959   $     $    
               

Total long-term indebtedness

    402,752              

Class A-1 redeemable membership interest

    250,000          

Equity:

                   

Class A-1 membership interest

    19,648          

Class A-2 membership interest

    341,936          

Class A common stock, par value $0.00001 per share

                 

Class B common stock, par value $0.00001 per share

                 

Class C common stock, par value $0.00001 per share

                 

Class D common stock, par value $0.00001 per share

                 

Additional paid-in capital

                 

Accumulated other income (loss)

    669              

Accumulated deficit

    (74,324 )            

Non-controlling interest

                 
               

Total members'/stockholders' equity

    287,929              
               

Total capitalization

  $ 1,007,640   $     $    
               

(1)
A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $             per share, would increase (decrease) each of additional paid-in capital, total equity and total capitalization by $             , assuming the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

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DILUTION

          If you invest in our Class A common stock, you will experience dilution to the extent of the difference between the initial public offering price per share of our Class A common stock and the pro forma net tangible book value per share of our Class A common stock. Dilution results from the fact that the per share offering price of the Class A common stock is substantially in excess of the book value per share attributable to the common stock held by existing equityholders.

          Our pro forma net tangible book value as of September 30, 2013 would have been approximately $              million, or $             per share of our common stock. Pro forma net tangible book value represents the amount of total tangible assets less total liabilities, and pro forma net tangible book value per share represents pro forma net tangible book value divided by the number of shares of common stock outstanding, in each case after giving effect to the reorganization transactions (based on an assumed initial public offering price of $              per share (the midpoint of the estimated public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus)) and the estimated impact of the tax receivable agreements, assuming that the Virtu Post-IPO Members exchange all of their Virtu Financial Units (and corresponding shares of our Class C common stock or Class D common stock, as applicable) for newly-issued shares of our Class A common stock or Class B common stock, as applicable, on a one-for-one basis.

          After giving effect to the reorganization transactions and the estimated impact of the tax receivable agreements, assuming that the Virtu Post-IPO Members exchange all of their Virtu Financial Units (and corresponding shares of our Class C common stock or Class D common stock, as applicable) for newly-issued shares of our Class A common stock or Class B common stock, as applicable, on a one-for-one basis, and after giving further effect to the sale of                          shares of Class A common stock in this offering at the assumed initial public offering price of $             per share (the midpoint of the estimated price range on the cover page of this prospectus), the application of the net proceeds from this offering (including the contribution of $              million of the net proceeds from this offering to Virtu Financial in exchange for                          Virtu Financial Units, and the use of the remaining approximately $              million of the net proceeds from this offering to repurchase                          shares of Class A common stock from the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder and                           Virtu Financial Units and corresponding shares of Class C common stock from certain of the Virtu Post-IPO Members, including certain members of management) and the one-time distribution to occur following the consummation of this offering described under "Dividend Policy," our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value would have been $              million, or $             per share, representing an immediate increase in net tangible book value of $             per share to existing equityholders and an immediate dilution in net tangible book value of $             per share to new investors.

          The following table illustrates the per share dilution:

Assumed initial public offering price per share

  $    

Pro forma net tangible book value per share as of September 30, 2013(1)

  $    

Increase in pro forma net tangible book value per share attributable to new investors

       

Pro forma adjusted net tangible book value per share after this offering(2)

       
       

Dilution in pro forma net tangible book value per share to new investors

  $    
       

(1)
Reflects                                         outstanding shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock, including (i)                           shares of Class B common stock issuable upon

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    the exchange of the Virtu Financial Units and shares of Class D common stock to be held by the Founder Post-IPO Member immediately prior to this offering, (ii)                            shares of Class A common stock to be held by the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder immediately prior to this offering and (iii)                            shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the exchange of the Virtu Financial Units and shares of Class C common stock to be held by the Virtu Post-IPO Members other than the Founder Post-IPO Member immediately prior to this offering.

(2)
Reflects                                         outstanding shares, consisting of (i)                           shares of Class A common stock to be issued in this offering and (ii)  the                                        ou tstanding shares described in note (1) above less the                                        shares of Class A common stock to be repurchased from the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder and the                                        shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the exchange of the Virtu Financial Units and corresponding shares of common stock to be repurchased from certain of the Virtu Post-IPO Members using a portion of the net proceeds from this offering.

          Dilution is determined by subtracting pro forma net tangible book value per share after this offering from the initial public offering price per share of Class A common stock.

          A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $             per share would increase (decrease) our pro forma net tangible book value after this offering by $             and the dilution per share to new investors by $             , in each case assuming the number of shares offered, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

          The following table sets forth, on a pro forma basis as of September 30, 2013, the number of shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock purchased from us, the total cash consideration paid to us and the average price per share paid by the existing equityholders and by new investors purchasing shares in this offering, at the assumed initial public offering price of $             per share (the midpoint of the estimated price range on the cover page of this prospectus), after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us and after giving effect to the reorganization transactions and the estimated impact of the tax receivable agreements, assuming that the Virtu Post-IPO Members exchange all of their Virtu Financial Units (and corresponding shares of our Class C common stock or Class D common stock, as applicable) for newly-issued shares of our Class A common stock or Class B common stock, as applicable, on a one-for-one basis, and after giving further effect to this offering and the application of the net proceeds from this offering:

 
 
Shares of Class A and Class B
Common Stock Purchased
  Total Consideration    
 
 
 
Average Price
Per Share
 
 
 
Number
 
Percent
 
Amount
 
Percent
 

Existing stockholders(1)

               %   $            %   $    

New investors(2)

                           
                         

Total

        100%   $     100%        
                         

(1)
Reflects approximately $964.1 million of consideration paid by existing equityholders in respect of shares of Class A common stock, Class B common stock and Virtu Financial Units (together with corresponding shares of Class C common stock and Class D common stock), net of $              million of consideration paid by (i) the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder in respect of                                        shares of Class A common stock and (ii) certain of the Virtu Post-IPO Members in respect of                                        Virtu Financial Units and corresponding

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    shares of common stock, which, in each case, we intend to repurchase using a portion of the net proceeds from this offering. The approximately $              million of consideration paid consists of (i) a contribution by the Silver Lake Pre-IPO Member and a Founder Pre-IPO Member of $270.5 million in aggregate in July 2011 in connection with the Madison Tyler Transactions and (ii) a contribution in the form of rollover equity in an amount equal to a $693.6 million contribution by various Virtu Pre-IPO Members in July 2011 in connection with the Madison Tyler Transactions.

(2)
Includes                                         shares of Class A common stock to be sold in this offering, the net proceeds of which we intend to use to (i) make a contribution to Virtu Financial in exchange for Virtu Financial Units, as described under "Use of Proceeds," and (ii) repurchase shares of Class A common stock and Virtu Financial Units together with corresponding shares of common stock from the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder and certain of the Virtu Post-IPO Members, respectively, as described in note (1) above.

          To the extent the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares is exercised, there will be further dilution to new investors.

          A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $             per share of Class A common stock (the midpoint of the estimated public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus) would increase (decrease) total consideration paid by new investors in this offering by $              million and would increase (decrease) the average price per share paid by new investors by $             , assuming the number of shares offered, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

          We may choose to raise additional capital due to market conditions or strategic considerations even if we believe we have sufficient funds for our current or future operating plans. To the extent additional capital is raised through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the issuance of these securities could result in further dilution to our stockholders.

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UNAUDITED PRO FORMA FINANCIAL INFORMATION

          The unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2012 and the nine months ended September 30, 2013 give effect to (i) the reorganization transactions described under "Organizational Structure" and (ii) the creation of certain tax assets in connection with this offering and the reorganization transactions and the creation or acquisition of related liabilities in connection with entering into the tax receivable agreements with the Virtu Post-IPO Members and the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder, as if each had occurred on January 1, 2012.

          The unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated statement of financial condition as of September 30, 2013 gives effect to (i) the reorganization transactions described under "Organizational Structure," (ii) the creation of certain tax assets in connection with this offering and the reorganization transactions and the creation or acquisition of related liabilities in connection with entering into the tax receivable agreements with the Virtu Post-IPO Members and the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder, (iii) this offering and the use of proceeds from this offering, and (iv) a one-time distribution to occur following the consummation of this offering described under "Dividend Policy," as if each had occurred on September 30, 2013.

          The presentation of the unaudited pro forma financial information is prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP. The unaudited pro forma financial information has been prepared by our management and is based on Virtu Financial's historical financial statements and the assumptions and adjustments described in the notes to the unaudited pro forma financial information below. The presentation of the unaudited pro forma financial information is prepared in conformity with Article 11 of Regulation S-X.

          Our historical financial information for the year ended December 31, 2012 has been derived from Virtu Financial's audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. Our historical financial information as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 has been derived from Virtu Financial's unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.

          For purposes of the unaudited pro forma financial information, we have assumed that                          shares of Class A common stock will be issued by us at a price per share equal to the midpoint of the estimated offering price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus, and as a result, immediately following the completion of this offering, the ownership percentage represented by Virtu Financial Units not held by us will be         %, and the net income attributable to Virtu Financial Units not held by us will accordingly represent         % of our net income. If the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares is exercised in full, the ownership percentage represented by Virtu Financial Units not held by us will be         %; and the net income attributable to Virtu Financial Units not held by us will accordingly represent         % of our net income.

          We based the pro forma adjustments on available information and on assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances in order to reflect, on a pro forma basis, the impact of the relevant transactions on the historical financial information of Virtu Financial. See " — Notes to Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information" for a discussion of assumptions made. The unaudited pro forma financial information does not purport to be indicative of our results of operations or financial position had the relevant transactions occurred on the dates assumed and does not project our results of operations or financial position for any future period or date.

          The unaudited pro forma financial information should be read together with "Capitalization," "Selected Consolidated Financial Data," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and our and Virtu Financial's respective audited and unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus.

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Virtu Financial, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income

Year Ended December 31, 2012

(In thousands, except share and per share data)
 
Actual
 
Adjustment
for the Tax
Receivable
Agreements
 
Adjustments
for the Other
Reorganization
Transactions
  As
Adjusted
Before this
Offering
 
Adjustments
for this Offering
and the
Use of Proceeds
 
Pro Forma
 

Revenues:

                                     

Trading income, net

  $ 581,476                                

Interest and dividends income

    34,152                                
                                     

Total revenue

    615,628                                

Operating Expenses:

                                     

Brokerage, exchange and clearance fees, net

    200,587                                

Communication and data processing

    55,384                                

Employee compensation and payroll taxes

    63,836             (a)                  

Interest and dividends expense

    48,735                                

Operations and administrative

    27,826                                

Depreciation and amortization

    17,975                                

Amortization of purchased intangibles and acquired capitalized software             

    71,654                                

Acquisition cost

    69                                

Acquisition related retention bonus

    6,151                                

Impairment of intangible assets

    1,489                                

Lease abandonment

    6,134                                

Financing interest expense on senior secured credit facility

    26,460                                
                           

Total operating expenses

    526,300                                

Income before income taxes

    89,328                                

Provision for income taxes

    (1,768 )           (b)                  
                           

Net income

  $ 87,560                                

Net income attributable to non-controlling interest

                (c)                  
                           

Net income attributable to Virtu Financial, Inc. 

                                   
                           

Basic and diluted earnings per share of Class A common stockholders:

                                     

Basic

                                   

Diluted

                                   

Weighted average number of shares used in computing earnings per share

                                     

Basic

                                   

Diluted

                                   

Other Comprehensive Income, net of taxes:

                                     

Foreign exchange translation adjustment

    548                                
                           

Comprehensive Income

  $ 88,108                                
                           

   

See accompanying notes to unaudited pro forma financial information.

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Virtu Financial, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013

(In thousands, except per share data)
 
Actual
 
Adjustment
for the Tax
Receivable
Agreements
 
Adjustment
for the Other
Reorganization
Transactions
  As
Adjusted
Before this
Offering
 
Adjustments
for this Offering
and the
Use of Proceeds
 
Pro Forma
 

Revenues:

                                     

Trading income, net

  $ 471,558                                

Interest and dividends income

    23,133                                

Technology services

    6,570                                
                                     

Total revenue

    501,261                                

Operating Expenses:

                                     

Brokerage, exchange and clearance fees, net

    146,721                                

Communication and data processing

    45,080                                

Employee compensation and payroll taxes

    54,048             (a)                  

Interest and dividends expense

    32,432                                

Operations and administrative

    17,856                                

Depreciation and amortization

    17,629                                

Amortization of purchased intangibles and acquired capitalized software

    758                                

Acquisition related retention bonus

    4,656                                

Debt issue cost related to debt refinancing             

    5,632                                

Financing interest expense on senior secured credit facility

    17,085                                
                           

Total operating expenses

    341,897                                

Income before income taxes

    159,364                                

Provision for income taxes

    (4,033 )           (b)                  
                           

Net income

  $ 155,331                                

Net income attributable to non-controlling interest

                (c)                  
                           

Net income attributable to Virtu Financial, Inc. 

                                   
                           

Basic and diluted earnings per share of Class A Common stockholders:

                                     

Basic

                                   

Diluted

                                   

Weighted average number of shares used in computing earnings per share

                                     

Basic

                                   

Diluted

                                   

Other Comprehensive Income, net of taxes:

                                     

Foreign exchange translation adjustment             

    724                                
                           

Comprehensive Income

  $ 156,055                                
                           

   

See accompanying notes to unaudited pro forma financial information.

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Virtu Financial, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Statement of Financial Condition

As of September 30, 2013

(In thousands, except per interest data)
 
Actual
 
Adjustment
for the Tax
Receivable
Agreements
 
Adjusted
for the Other
Reorganization
Transactions
  As
Adjusted
Before this
Offering
 
Adjustments
for this Offering
and the
Use of Proceeds
 
Pro Forma
 

Assets

                                     

Cash and cash equivalents

  $ 66,959                       (f)(g)(h)        

Securities borrowed

    514,822                                

Securities purchased under agreements to resell

    834                                

Receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations

    667,562                                

Trading assets, at fair value:

                                     

Financial instruments owned

    1,563,640                                

Financial instruments owned and pledged

    527,962                                

Property, equipment and capitalized software (net of accumulated depreciation)

    39,177                                

Goodwill

    715,379                                

Intangibles (net of accumulated amortization)

    1,879                                

Other assets

    33,881     (d )               (i)        
                                     

Total assets

  $ 4,132,095                                
                                     

Liabilities and members'/stockholders' equity

                                     

Liabilities

                                     

Short-term borrowings

  $ 35,000                                

Securities loaned

    900,910                                

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase

    40,898                                

Payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations

    398,471                                

Trading liabilities, at fair value:

                                     

Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased

    1,717,341                                

Accounts payable and accrued expenses and other liabilities

    98,794     (d )                        

Senior secured credit facility

    402,752                                
                                     

Total liabilities

  $ 3,594,166                                

Class A-1 redeemable membership interest(1)

    250,000           (e)                    

Members'/stockholders' equity

                                     

Class A-1 — Authorized and Issued — 1,964,826 interests, Outstanding — 1,964,826 interests

    19,648           (e)                    

Class A-2 — Authorized and Issued — 98,461,466 interests, Outstanding — 97,293,801 interests

    341,936           (e)                    

Class A common stock (par value, $0.00001),               shares authorized and               shares outstanding

              (e)                    

Class C common stock (par value, $0.00001),               shares authorized and               shares outstanding

              (e)                    

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Virtu Financial, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Statement of Financial Condition (Continued)

As of September 30, 2013

(In thousands, except per interest data)
 
Actual
 
Adjustment
for the Tax
Receivable
Agreements
 
Adjusted
for the Other
Reorganization
Transactions
  As
Adjusted
Before this
Offering
 
Adjustments
for this Offering
and the
Use of Proceeds
 
Pro Forma
 

Class D common stock (par value, $0.00001),               shares authorized and               shares outstanding

              (e)                    

Additional paid-in capital

        (d )               (g)(h)(i)(j)        

Accumulated deficit

    (74,324 )                              

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

    669                                
                                     

Total members'/stockholders' equity

  $ 287,929                                

Non-controlling interests

                          (k)        

Total liabilities, redeemable membership/stock interest and members'/stockholders' equity (deficit)

  $ 4,132,095                                
                                     

(1)
The Class A-1 interests of Virtu Financial are convertible by the holders at any time into an equivalent number of Class A-2 capital interests of Virtu Financial and, in a sale or other specified capital transaction, holders are entitled to receive distributions up to specified preference amounts before holders of Class A-2 capital interests of Virtu Financial are entitled to receive distributions. In connection with the reorganization transactions, all of the existing equity interests in Virtu Financial will be reclassified into Virtu Financial Units. See "Organizational Structure — The Reorganization Transactions."

   

See accompanying notes to unaudited pro forma financial information.

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Virtu Financial, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information

(a)
Reflects an adjustment to give effect to the reclassification of vested Class B interests in Virtu Financial into Virtu Financial Units in the reorganization transactions.

(b)
Represents the sum of the current income tax expense for the period and the deferred income tax expense for the period based on an estimated income tax rate of         %, determined based on the U.S. federal income tax rate applicable to corporations, less an amount attributable to noncontrolling interest, plus any state, local and foreign taxes, net of federal tax benefit. Additional current income tax expense on our         % interest in Virtu Financial would be $             and $         for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and the year ended December 31, 2012, respectively. Additional deferred income tax expense of $             and $             for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and the year ended December 31, 2012, respectively, is the result of the straight line amortization of the deferred tax asset of $             and $             , respectively, arising from the acquisition of our interest in Virtu Financial and will be amortized over 15 years.

(c)
Gives effect to the         % interest in Virtu Financial that the current members of Virtu Financial will hold after the reorganization transactions and this offering. The adjustments are equal to         % and         % of total net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and the year ended December 31, 2012, respectively.

(d)
Gives effect to a deferred tax asset of $          million arising from the acquisition of our interest in Virtu Financial with a portion of the proceeds from the offering. Such acquisition results in the creation of an intangible asset for income tax purposes in an amount equal to the difference between the amount that is paid for the interest and the share of the tax basis in the assets of Virtu Financial that is attributable to the interest. As that intangible asset exists for income tax purposes, but there is not a corresponding asset that is created under GAAP for financial reporting purposes, to reconcile this difference between GAAP and tax treatment, a deferred tax asset is established, in accordance with ASC 740. The intangible asset that is created for income tax purposes will be reversed over an amortization period of 15 years pursuant to Section 197 of the Internal Revenue Code. As the tax amortization reduces the tax basis in the intangible asset, the deferred tax asset will be adjusted to reflect the amount of remaining tax basis in the intangible asset at each reporting date. 85% of the tax savings realized by us will be paid to the Virtu Pre-IPO Members and is included in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities in our pro forma consolidated statements of financial condition, with the remaining 15% recorded as a permanent increase in paid-in-capital.

(e)
Reflects adjustments to give effect to the reclassification of Class A-1 and Class A-2 redeemable membership interest into                           shares of Class A common stock and                          Virtu Financial Units and corresponding shares of Class C common stock in the reorganization transactions.

(f)
The following sets forth the estimated sources and uses of funds in connection with the reorganization transactions and this offering, assuming the issuance of                          shares of Class A common stock at a price of $             per share (the midpoint of the estimated public offering price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus):

          Sources

      $              million gross cash proceeds to us from the offering of Class A common stock;

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Virtu Financial, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information

          Uses

      we will use $              million to pay underwriting discounts and commissions;

      we will use $              million to purchase Class A common stock from the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder at a price equal to the price paid by the underwriters for shares of our Class A common stock;

      we will use $              million to purchase Virtu Financial Units and corresponding shares of Class C common stock from certain of the Virtu Post-IPO Members, including certain members of management (or $              million if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full); and

      we will use $              million to contribute to Virtu Financial in exchange for Virtu Financial Units equal to the contribution amount divided by the price paid by the underwriters for shares of our Class A common stock in this offering.

(g)
Reflects cash distributions paid to certain Virtu Pre-IPO Members, pro rata in accordance with their respective interests in classes of equity entitled to participate in operating cash flow distributions, of $98.4 million and $26.6 million in November 2013.

(h)
Reflects anticipated distributions, following the consummation of this offering, to certain Virtu Pre-IPO Members as of immediately prior to the commencement of the reorganization transactions, pro rata in accordance with their respective interests in classes of equity entitled to participate in operating cash flow distributions, of operating cash flow of Virtu Financial and its subsidiaries for the fiscal period beginning on             and ending on the date of the consummation of the reorganization transactions, less any reserves established during this period and less any operating cash flow for this period previously distributed to such Virtu Pre-IPO Members. We expect this distribution to be for an aggregate amount of approximately $             and to be funded from cash on hand.

(i)
In accordance with ASC 340-10-S99-1, we are deferring the direct costs associated with this offering. These costs represent legal, accounting and other direct costs and are recorded in other assets in our pro forma consolidated statement of financial condition. Upon the consummation of this offering, the costs will be charged against the gross proceeds from this offering as a reduction of additional paid-in capital.

(j)
Reflects the effects on additional paid-in capital relating to the following ($ in thousands):

Gross proceeds of this offering:

  $    

Payment of underwriting discounts with respect to this offering:

       

Recording of deferred tax assets:

       

Reclassification of direct costs associated with this offering

       
       

Net adjustment to additional paid-in capital:

       
       
(k)
Non-controlling interest consists of         % of Virtu Financial members' equity of $             .

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SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

          The following table sets forth selected historical consolidated financial data of Virtu Financial for the periods beginning on and after January 1, 2011. We were formed on October 16, 2013 and have not, to date, conducted any activities other than those incident to our formation and the preparation of this prospectus and the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. The selected historical consolidated financial data presented below as of and for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 have been derived from Virtu Financial's audited financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

          The selected historical consolidated financial data presented below as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 have been derived from Virtu Financial's unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus and have been prepared on the same basis as Virtu Financial's audited financial statements. In the opinion of management, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial data include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the information. The results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 are not necessarily indicative of the results that can be expected for the full year or any future period.

          You should read the following information in conjunction with "Capitalization," "Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and our and Virtu Financial's respective audited and unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 
  Nine Months Ended
Sept. 30,
  Years Ended
Dec. 31,
 
(In thousands)
 
2013
 
2012
 
2012
 
2011
 

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income Data(1):

                         

Revenues

                         

Trading income, net

  $ 471,558   $ 440,456   $ 581,476   $ 449,360  

Interest and dividends income

    23,133     25,485     34,152     11,851  

Technology services

    6,570              
                   

Total revenues

    501,261     465,941     615,628     461,211  

Operating Expenses

                         

Brokerage, exchange and clearance fees, net

    146,721     151,213     200,587     148,020  

Communication and data processing

    45,080     42,394     55,384     46,109  

Employee compensation and payroll taxes

    54,048     48,525     63,836     46,344  

Interest and dividends expense

    32,432     36,503     48,735     24,093  

Operations and administrative

    17,856     13,675     27,826     7,986  

Depreciation and amortization

    17,629     12,372     17,975     12,074  

Amortization of purchased intangibles and acquired capitalized software

    758     58,673     71,654     37,820  

Acquisition cost

            69     18,843  

Acquisition related retention bonus

    4,656     4,698     6,151     4,325  

Impairment of intangible assets

            1,489      

Lease abandonment

        6,134     6,134      

Debt issue cost related to debt refinancing(2)

    5,632              

Financing interest expense on senior secured credit facility

    17,085     20,295     26,460     14,608  
                   

Total operating expenses

    341,897     394,482     526,300     360,222  
                   

Income before income taxes

    159,364     71,459     89,328     100,989  
                   

Provision for income taxes

    (4,033 )   (2,245 )   (1,768 )   (11,697 )
                   

Net income

  $ 155,331   $ 69,214   $ 87,560   $ 89,292  
                   

Other Comprehensive Income, Net of Taxes

                         

Foreign exchange translation adjustment

    724     (385 )   548     (488 )
                   

Comprehensive income

  $ 156,055   $ 68,829   $ 88,108   $ 88,804  
                   

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  As of
September 30,
  As of December 31,  
 
 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
 

Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition Data:

                   

Cash and cash equivalents

  $ 66,959   $ 39,978   $ 36,100  

Total assets

    4,132,095     3,208,947     3,419,401  

Senior secured credit facility

    402,752     256,309     302,569  

Total liabilities

    3,594,166     2,518,712     2,691,240  

Class A-1 redeemable membership interest(3)

    250,000     250,000     250,000  

Total Members'/shareholders' equity

    287,929     440,235     478,161  

(1)
The Madison Tyler Transactions occurred on July 8, 2011, and as a result the consolidated statements of comprehensive income data for the year ended December 31, 2011 are not necessarily comparable to the consolidated statements of comprehensive income data for each of the other historical periods presented. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Certain Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations — Madison Tyler Transactions.

(2)
In connection with the Madison Tyler Transactions, Virtu Financial entered into a $320.0 million credit facility, which was subsequently refinanced. A portion of certain financing costs incurred in connection with the original credit facility that were scheduled to be amortized over the five-year term of the loan, including original issue discount and underwriting and legal fees, were accelerated and recognized at the closing of the refinancing.

(3)
The Class A-1 interests of Virtu Financial are convertible by the holders at any time into an equivalent number of Class A-2 capital interests of Virtu Financial and, in a sale or other specified capital transaction, holders are entitled to receive distributions up to specified preference amounts before holders of Class A-2 capital interests of Virtu Financial are entitled to receive distributions. In connection with the reorganization transactions, all of the existing equity interests in Virtu Financial will be reclassified into Virtu Financial Units. See "Organizational Structure — The Reorganization Transactions."

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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

          The following management's discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations covers the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011. You should read the following discussion together with our and Virtu Financial's respective audited and unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that are subject to certain risks and uncertainties. Actual results and timing of events could differ materially from those discussed in or implied by these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those discussed below and elsewhere in this prospectus. See "Risk Factors" and "Forward-Looking Statements."


Overview

          Virtu is a leading technology-enabled market maker and liquidity provider to the global financial markets. We stand ready, at any time, to buy or sell a broad range of securities, and we generate revenue by buying and selling large volumes of securities and other financial instruments and earning small bid/ask spreads. We make markets by providing quotations to buyers and sellers in more than 10,000 securities and other financial instruments on more than 210 unique exchanges, markets and liquidity pools in 30 countries around the world. We believe that our broad diversification, in combination with our proprietary technology platform and low-cost structure, enables us to facilitate risk transfer between global capital markets participants by supplying liquidity and competitive pricing while at the same time earning attractive margins and returns.

          We believe that market makers like us serve an important role in maintaining and improving the overall health and efficiency of the global capital markets by continuously posting bids and offers for financial instruments and thereby providing to market participants an efficient means to transfer risk. All market participants benefit from the increased liquidity, lower overall trading costs and execution certainty that we provide.

          We refer to our market making activities as being "market neutral," which means that we are not dependent on the direction of a particular market and do not speculate. Our market making activities are designed to minimize capital at risk at any given time by limiting the notional size of our positions. Our strategies are also designed to lock in returns through precise and nearly instantaneous hedging, as we seek to eliminate the price risk in any positions held.

          Our revenue generation is driven primarily by transaction volume across a broad range of securities, asset classes and geographies. We avoid the risk of long or short positions in favor of earning small bid/ask spreads on large trading volumes across thousands of securities and financial instruments. We also generate revenue from interest and dividends on securities that we hold from time to time in connection with our market making activities and, beginning in 2013, from the sale of licensed technology and related services. Our revenues are also impacted by levels of volatility in a given period. Increases in market volatility can cause bid/ask spreads to widen as market participants are willing to incur greater costs to transact, which we benefit from.

          Virtu Financial was formed as a Delaware limited liability company on April 8, 2011 in connection with the Madison Tyler Transactions, when the members of Virtu Financial's predecessor entity, Virtu East, which was formed and commenced operations on March 19, 2008, exchanged their interests in Virtu East for interests in Virtu Financial. On July 8, 2011, we completed our acquisition of Madison Tyler Holdings, which was co-founded by Mr. Vincent Viola, our Founder and Executive Chairman. Madison Tyler Holdings was an electronic trading firm and market maker on numerous exchanges and electronic marketplaces in equities, fixed income, currencies and commodities, and the Madison Tyler Transactions expanded our geographic and product market as

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well as our market penetration in existing markets. On December 9, 2011, we acquired the DMM business of Cohen Capital Group ("CCG"), giving us the right to act as a DMM in 258 symbols on the NYSE and NYSE MKT (formerly NYSE Amex). On September 14, 2012, we acquired the European ETF market making assets of Nyenburgh, which include market making relationships with European ETF issuers and trading relationships with over-the-counter counterparties. Virtu Financial is a holding company that conducts its business through its operating subsidiaries.

          We believe that the key variable that impacts our revenues most strongly is the overall level of volumes in the various markets we serve. We make markets in more than 10,000 listed securities and other financial instruments on more than 210 unique exchanges, markets and liquidity pools in 30 countries around the world, and we generate revenue by earning small bid/ask spreads on large trading volumes. We believe that the most relevant asset class distinctions and venues for the markets we serve include the following:

Asset Classes
 
Selected Venues in Which We Make Markets
Americas Equities   NYSE, Nasdaq, DirectEdge, NYSE Arca, NYSE MKT (formerly NYSE Amex), BATS, TMX, ICE, CME, BM&F Bovespa, major dark pools

EMEA Equities

 

LSE, Deutsche Boerse, NASDAQ OMX, NYSE Euronext, Eurex, Chi-X, BME, XETRA, NYSE Liffe, Turquoise, Borsa Italiana, SIX Swiss Exchange, Johannesburg Stock Exchange

APAC Equities

 

TSE, SGX, OSE, SBI Japannext, TOCOM

Global Currencies

 

CME, ICE, TOCOM, SGX, NYSE Liffe, EBS

Global Commodities

 

CME, ICE, Currenx, EBS, HotSpot, Reuters, FXall, LMAX

Options, Fixed Income and Other Securities

 

CBOE, PHLX, NYSE Arca Options, eSpeed, BOX, BrokerTec

Components of Our Results of Operations

          The following discussion sets forth certain components of our consolidated statements of comprehensive income as well as factors that impact such components. We present our results under one reportable segment, which is consistent with our structure and how we manage our business.

Total Revenues

          The majority of our revenues are generated through market making activities and are recorded as trading income. In addition, we generate revenues from interest and dividends income as well as the sale of licensed technology and related services.

          Trading Income, Net.    Trading income, net, represents revenue earned from bid/ask spreads. Trading income is generated in the normal course of our market making activities and is typically proportional to the level of trading activity, or volumes, in the markets we serve. Our trading income is highly diversified by asset class and geography and is comprised of small amounts earned on millions of trades on various exchanges, primarily in cash equities, currencies, commodities, including energy and metals, and fixed income, options and other securities. Trading income, net, accounted for approximately 94% and 95% of our total revenues for the nine months ended

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September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and 94% and 97% of our total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

          Interest and Dividends Income.    Our market making activities require us to hold an inventory of securities on a regular basis, and we generate revenues in the form of interest and dividends income from these securities. Interest is earned on securities borrowed from other market participants pursuant to collateralized financing arrangements and on cash held by brokers. Dividends income arises from holding market making positions over dates on which dividends are paid to shareholders of record.

          Technology Services.    We began providing technology services to a third party in 2013 pursuant to a three-year arrangement. Technology services revenues represent fees charged for the licensing of our proprietary technology and the provision of related services, including hosting, management and support. These fees generally include an up-front component and a recurring fee for the relevant term.

Adjusted Net Trading Income

          Adjusted Net Trading Income is the amount of revenue we generate from our market making activities, or trading income, net, plus interest and dividends income and expense, net, less direct costs associated with those revenues, including brokerage, exchange and clearance fees, net. Rather than analyzing these components of our operating results individually, we generally view them on an aggregate net basis in the context of Adjusted Net Trading Income. Adjusted Net Trading Income is a non-GAAP financial measure. Our total Adjusted Net Trading Income is the primary metric used by management in evaluating performance, making strategic decisions and allocating resources, and the primary factor influencing Adjusted Net Trading Income is overall market volume levels in securities and other financial instruments. Management believes that the presentation of Adjusted Net Trading Income provides useful information to investors regarding our results of operations because it assists both investors and management in analyzing and benchmarking the performance and value of our business. Adjusted Net Trading Income provides an indicator of the performance of our market making activities that is not affected by revenues or expenses that are not directly associated with such activities. Accordingly, management believes that this measurement is useful for comparing general operating performance from period to period. Although we use Adjusted Net Trading Income as a financial measure to assess the performance of our business, the use of Adjusted Net Trading Income is limited because it does not include certain material costs that are necessary to operate our business. Adjusted Net Trading Income should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for, trading income, net, in accordance with U.S. GAAP as a measure of performance. Our presentation of Adjusted Net Trading Income should not be construed as an indication that our future results will be unaffected by revenues or expenses that are not directly associated with our market making activities. Adjusted Net Trading Income is limited as an analytical tool, and you should not consider it in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under U.S. GAAP. Our U.S. GAAP-based measures can be found in our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.

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          The following table shows our percentage of Adjusted Net Trading Income by asset class for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012.

 
  Percentage of Adjusted Net Trading Income by Asset Class  
 
  Nine Months Ended
Sept. 30,
  Years Ended
Dec. 31,
 
 
  2013   2012   2012   2011  

Americas Equities

    28 %   29 %   30 %   35 %

EMEA Equities

    11 %   13 %   13 %   13 %

APAC Equities

    12 %   10 %   11 %   6 %

Global Commodities

    22 %   27 %   26 %   24 %

Global Currencies

    19 %   13 %   14 %   17 %

Options, Fixed Income and Other Securities

    9 %   7 %   7 %   6 %

Unallocated(1)

    (1 )%   1 %   (1 )%   (1 )%
                   

Total Adjusted Net Trading Income

    100 %   100 %   100 %   100 %
                   

(1)
Under our methodology for recording "trading income, net" in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income, we recognize revenues based on the exit price of assets and liabilities in accordance with applicable U.S. GAAP rules, and when we calculate Adjusted Net Trading Income for corresponding reporting periods, we start with trading income, net, so calculated. By contrast, when we calculate Adjusted Net Trading Income by asset class, we do so on a daily basis, and as a result prices used in recognizing revenues may differ. Because we provide liquidity on a global basis, across asset classes and time zones, the timing of any particular Adjusted Net Trading Income calculation can effectively defer or accelerate revenue from one day to another or one reporting period to another, as the case may be. We do not allocate any resulting differences based on the timing of revenue recognition.

Operating Expenses

          Brokerage, Exchange and Clearance Fees, Net.    Brokerage, exchange and clearance fees are our most significant expense and include the direct expenses of executing and clearing transactions we consummate in the course of our market making activities. Brokerage, exchange and clearance fees include fees paid to various prime brokers, exchanges and clearing firms for services such as execution of transactions, prime brokerage fees, access fees and clearing expenses. These expenses generally increase and decrease in direct correlation with our volumes and the level of trading activity in the markets we serve. Execution fees are paid primarily to electronic exchanges and venues where we trade. Clearance fees are paid to clearing houses and clearing agents. Rebates based on volume discounts, credits or payments received from exchanges or other market places are netted against brokerage, exchange and clearance fees.

          Communication and Data Processing.    Communication and data processing represent primarily fixed expenses for leased equipment, equipment co-location, network lines and connectivity for our trading centers and co-location facilities. More specifically, communications expense consists primarily of the cost of voice and data telecommunication lines supporting our business, including connectivity to data centers and exchanges, markets and liquidity pools around the world, and data processing expense consists primarily of market data fees that we pay to third parties to receive price quotes and related information.

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          Employee Compensation and Payroll Taxes.    Employee compensation and payroll taxes include employee salaries, cash incentive compensation, employee benefits, payroll taxes, severance and other employee related costs. Non-cash compensation includes the stock-based-incentive compensation paid to employees in the form of Class A-2 profits interests in Virtu Employee Holdco, which holds corresponding Class A-2 profits interests in Virtu Financial. Upon the consummation of this offering, the Class A-2 profits interests in Virtu Employee Holdco will convert into common units of Virtu Employee Holdco, and the corresponding Class A-2 profits interests in Virtu Financial that are held by Virtu Employee Holdco, together with all other equity interests in Virtu Financial will convert into Virtu Financial Units. We have capitalized and excluded from this calculation employee compensation and benefits related to software development of $7.3 million and $6.5 million for each of the nine month periods ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and $12.4 million and $15.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

          Interest and Dividends Expense.    We incur interest expense from loaning certain equity securities in the general course of our market making activities pursuant to collateralized lending transactions. Typically, dividend expense is incurred when a dividend is paid on securities sold short.

          Operations and Administrative.    Operations and administrative expense represents occupancy, recruiting, travel and related expense, professional fees and other expenses.

          Depreciation and Amortization.    Depreciation and amortization expense results from the depreciation of fixed assets, such as computing and communications hardware, as well as amortization of leasehold improvements and capitalized in-house software development. We depreciate our computer hardware and related software, office hardware and furniture and fixtures on a straight line basis over a period of 3 to 7 years based on the estimated useful life of the underlying asset, and we amortize our capitalized software development costs on a straight line basis over a period of 1.4 to 2.5 years, which represents the estimated useful lives of the underlying software. We amortize leasehold improvements on a straight line basis over the lesser of the life of the improvement or the term of the lease. Intangible assets with definite lives, including purchased intangibles, are amortized over their useful lives, ranging from 1.4 to 9 years.

          Amortization of Purchased Intangibles and Acquired Capitalized Software.    Amortization of purchased intangibles and acquired capitalized software consists primarily of the amortization of $110 million of assets purchased in the Madison Tyler Transactions. $108 million of these assets were amortized based on useful lives of 1.4 years and were fully amortized as of December 31, 2012. $2 million of the purchased intangibles have been amortized over their useful life of 2.5 years and will be fully amortized as of December 31, 2013.

          Acquisition Cost.    From time to time we have pursued and may, in the future, pursue strategic mergers, acquisitions or other corporate transactions as part of our growth strategy. The pursuit of such transactions generally results in the incurrence of professional, advisory and other related expenses in connection with the due diligence, negotiation and consummation of such transactions.

          Acquisition Related Retention Bonus.    In connection with the Madison Tyler Transactions, we established a $21.5 million retention bonus plan for Madison Tyler Holdings employees, to be paid out in five installments through July 8, 2014. This expense is amortized on a straight line basis and, in the absence of changes in the amounts capitalized as related to software development, the expense is consistent over equivalent periods.

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          Impairment of Intangible Assets.    We test intangible assets for impairment annually or when impairment indicators are present, and if they are impaired, intangible assets are written down to fair value.

          Lease Abandonment.    From time to time, based on changes in technology or our business needs, we may abandon leased properties or equipment in favor of more optimal technology, or assets and, as a result, may incur charges representing the acceleration of depreciation, amortization or contractual commitments.

          Debt Issue Costs Related to Debt Refinancing.    The refinancing of our senior secured credit facility or any other indebtedness has and, may in the future result in the acceleration of debt issue costs incurred at issuance and originally scheduled to be amortized over the life of the loan.

          Financing Interest Expense on Senior Secured Credit Facility.    Financing interest expense reflects interest accrued on outstanding indebtedness, under our senior secured credit facility.

Non-Controlling Interest

          In connection with the reorganization transactions, we will be appointed as the sole managing member of Virtu Financial pursuant to Virtu Financial's limited liability company agreement. Because we will manage and operate the business and control the strategic decisions and day-to-day operations of Virtu Financial and will also have a substantial financial interest in Virtu Financial, we will consolidate the financial results of Virtu Financial, and a portion of our net income (loss) will be allocated to the non-controlling interest to reflect the entitlement of the Virtu Post-IPO Members to a portion of Virtu Financial's net income (loss). We will hold approximately         % of the outstanding Virtu Financial Units (or approximately         % of the outstanding Virtu Financial Units if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full), and the remaining Virtu Financial Units will be held by the Virtu Post-IPO Members.

Provision for Income Taxes

          Our business was historically operated through a limited liability company that was treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and as such most of our income was not subject to U.S. federal and certain state income taxes. Our income tax expense for historical periods reflects taxes payable by certain of our non-U.S. subsidiaries. Prior to the completion of this offering, as a result of the reorganization transactions, we will become subject to U.S federal and certain state taxes applicable to entities treated as corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes on taxable income attributable to the Company's controlling interest in Virtu Financial.

Future Public Company Expenses

          We expect our operating expenses to increase when we become a public company following this offering. We expect our accounting, legal and personnel-related expenses and directors' and officers' insurance costs to increase as we establish more comprehensive compliance and governance functions, maintain and review internal controls over financial reporting in accordance with Sarbanes-Oxley and prepare and distribute periodic reports as required by the rules and regulations of the SEC.

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Results of Operations

          The table below sets forth our historical consolidated results of operations in thousands of dollars for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 and for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011.

 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
(In thousands)
 
2013
 
2012
 
2012
 
2011
 

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income Data:

                         

Revenues:

                         

Trading income, net

  $ 471,558   $ 440,456   $ 581,476   $ 449,360  

Interest and dividend income

    23,133     25,485     34,152     11,851  

Technology services

    6,570              
                   

Total revenue

    501,261     465,941     615,628     461,211  

Operating Expenses:

                         

Brokerage, exchange and clearance fees, net

    146,721     151,213     200,587     148,020  

Communication and data processing

    45,080     42,394     55,384     46,109  

Employee compensation and payroll taxes

    54,048     48,525     63,836     46,344  

Interest and dividends expense

    32,432     36,503     48,735     24,093  

Operations and administrative

    17,856     13,675     27,826     7,986  

Depreciation and amortization

    17,629     12,372     17,975     12,074  

Amortization of purchased intangibles and acquired capitalized software

    758     58,673     71,654     37,820  

Acquisition cost

            69     18,843  

Acquisition related retention bonus

    4,656     4,698     6,151     4,325  

Impairment of intangible assets

            1,489      

Lease abandonment

        6,134     6,134      

Debt issue cost related to debt refinancing

    5,632              

Financing interest expense on senior secured credit facility

    17,085     20,295     26,460     14,608  
                   

Total operating expenses

    341,897     394,482     526,300     360,222  
                   

Income before income taxes

    159,364     71,459     89,328     100,989  

Provision for income taxes

    (4,033 )   (2,245 )   (1,768 )   (11,697 )
                   

Net income

    155,331     69,214     87,560     89,292  
                   

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Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
(In thousands)
 
2013
 
2012
 
2012
 
2011
 

Other Comprehensive Income, net of taxes:

                         

Foreign exchange translation adjustment

    724     (385 )   548     (488 )
                   

Comprehensive income

    156,055     68,829     88,108     88,804  
                   

Percentage of Total Revenues:

                         

Revenues:

                         

Trading income, net

    94 %   95 %   94 %   97 %

Interest and dividends income

    5     5     6     3  

Technology services

    1              
                   

Total revenue

    100 %   100 %   100 %   100 %
                   

Operating Expenses:

                         

Brokerage, exchange and clearance fees, net

    29 %   32 %   33 %   32 %

Communication and data processing

    9     9     9     10  

Employee compensation and payroll taxes

    11     10     10     10  

Interest and dividends expense

    6     8     8     5  

Operations and administrative

    4     3     5     2  

Depreciation and amortization

    4     3     3     3  

Amortization of purchased intangibles and acquired capitalized software

        13     12     8  

Acquisition cost

                4  

Acquisition related retention bonus

    1     1     1     1  

Impairment of intangible assets

                 

Lease abandonment

        1     1      

Debt issue cost related to debt refinancing

    1              

Financing interest expense on senior secured credit facility

    3     4     4     3  
                   

Total operating expenses

    68 %   84 %   86 %   78 %
                   

Income before income taxes

    32 %   16 %   14 %   22 %

Provision for income taxes

    (1 )%   (1 )%   (1 )%   (3 )%

Net income

    31 %   15 %   13 %   19 %

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012

Total Revenues

          Our total revenues increased $35.4 million, or 7.6%, to $501.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, compared to $465.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012. This increase was primarily attributable to an increase in trading income, net, of $31.1 million and to our initial deployment in 2013 and delivery of technology services, which generated revenues of $6.6 million during the period.

          Trading Income, Net.    Trading income, net, increased $31.1 million, or 7.1%, to $471.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, compared to $440.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012. The increase was partially attributable to our growth

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across new asset classes and geographies, which is discussed in more detail below under "— Adjusted Net Trading Income," despite decreased average daily volumes and volatility in the Americas equities markets. Rather than analyzing trading income, net, in isolation, we generally evaluate it in the broader context of our Adjusted Net Trading Income, together with interest and dividends income, interest and dividends expense and brokerage, exchange and clearance fees, net, each of which are described below.

          Interest and Dividends Income.    Interest and dividends income decreased $2.4 million, or 9.2%, to $23.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, compared to $25.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012. This decrease was primarily due to decreased trading volumes and was consistent with a decrease in interest and dividend expense over the same period.

          Technology Services.    Technology services revenues were $6.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013. We commenced providing technology services in 2013. As such, we did not generate technology services revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2012.

Adjusted Net Trading Income

          Adjusted Net Trading Income increased $37.3 million, or 13.4%, to $315.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, compared to $278.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012. This increase reflects an increase in Adjusted Net Trading Income from global currencies of $24.4 million compared to the prior period as a result of an increase in global foreign currency exchange volumes as well as increased usage of VFX, our platform for providing customized liquidity in foreign currencies, an increase of $9.5 million from trading options, fixed income and other securities compared to the prior period as a result of an increase in relevant options volumes, an increase of $7.5 million from trading APAC equities compared to the prior period as a result of an increase in relevant market volumes and an increase of $6.8 million from trading Americas equities compared to the prior period as a result of increasingly favorable fee arrangements with certain venues. These increases in Adjusted Net Trading Income were partially offset by a decrease in Adjusted Net Trading Income from global commodities trading of $4.9 million compared to the prior period as a result of lower observed market volumes in certain energy products and a decrease of $1.7 million from EMEA equities trading compared to the prior period as a result of lower market volumes in European equities. In addition, brokerage, exchange and clearance fees, net, decreased $4.5 million due to improved fee arrangements with brokers, exchanges and clearing parties and a shift in Adjusted Net Trading Income to asset classes with lower associated expenses. Adjusted Net Trading Income per day increased $0.2 million, or 13.4%, to $1.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, compared to $1.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012.

Operating Expenses

          Our operating expenses decreased $52.6 million, or 13.3%, to $341.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, compared to $394.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012. This decrease was primarily due to a decrease in amortization of purchased intangibles and acquired capitalized software of $57.9 million and a decrease in interest and dividends expense of $4.1 million, which were partially offset by increases of $2.7 million in communication and data processing, $5.5 million in employee compensation and payroll taxes, $4.2 million in operations and administrative expense and $5.3 million in depreciation and amortization expense.

          Brokerage, Exchange and Clearance Fees, Net.    Brokerage exchange and clearance fees, net, decreased $4.5 million, or 3.0%, to $146.7 million for the nine months ended September 30,

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2013, compared to $151.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012. This decrease was primarily attributable to improved fee arrangements with brokers, exchanges and clearing parties, as well as a shift in trading volumes to asset classes, in particular global currencies, with lower associated brokerage expenses. As indicated above, rather than analyzing brokerage, exchange and clearance fees, net, in isolation, we generally evaluate it in the broader context of our Adjusted Net Trading Income.

          Communication and Data Processing.    Communication and data processing expense increased $2.7 million, or 6.3%, to $45.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, compared to $42.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012. This increase was primarily attributable to the expansion of our market making activities into new markets in Asia and increased costs from the use of new telecommunication technologies.

          Employee Compensation and Payroll Taxes.    Employee compensation and payroll taxes increased $5.5 million, or 11.4%, to $54.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, compared to $48.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012. This increase was partially attributable to an increase in salaries due to increased headcount and compensation levels in support of the growth of our business, as well as an increase in cash bonus compensation as a result of increased overall profitability, in addition to severance expense incurred in connection with the consolidation of our European operations in Dublin.

          Interest and Dividends Expense.    Interest and dividends expense decreased $4.1 million, or 11.2%, to $32.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, compared to $36.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012. This decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in trading volumes. As indicated above, rather than analyzing interest and dividends expense in isolation, we generally evaluate it in the broader context of our Adjusted Net Trading Income.

          Operations and Administrative.    Operations and administrative expense increased $4.2 million, or 30.6%, to $17.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, compared to $13.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012. This increase was primarily attributable to increases in recruiting expense, travel and entertainment expense, professional fees and occupancy expense, resulting in part from the relocation of our Dublin trading centers to a larger space following the closure of our London trading office and the consolidation of our European operations in Dublin.

          Depreciation and Amortization.    Depreciation and amortization increased $5.2 million, or 42.5%, to $17.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, compared to $12.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012. This increase was primarily attributable to increased capital expenditures on telecommunication, networking and other assets.

          Amortization of Purchased Intangibles and Acquired Capitalized Software.    Amortization of purchased intangibles and acquired capitalized software decreased $57.9 million, or 98.7%, to $0.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, compared to $58.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012. The decrease was primarily attributable to the full amortization of the majority of the purchased intangibles and acquired capitalized software related to the Madison Tyler Transactions.

          Acquisition Related Retention Bonus.    Acquisition related retention bonus expense was $4.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, compared to $4.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012. This expense is amortized on a straight line basis and is consistent from period to period in the absence of future acquisitions and related retention bonuses.

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          Lease Abandonment.    Lease abandonment expense was $6.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 due to a lease abandoned on telecommunications equipment related to the Madison Tyler Transactions. We had no such expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2012.

          Debt Issue Costs Related to Debt Refinancing.    Expense from debt issue costs related to debt refinancing was $5.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013. These costs reflect a nonrecurring expense incurred as a result of the refinancing of our senior secured credit facility in February 2013. As such, we had no such expense in the nine months ended September 30, 2012.

          Financing Interest Expense on Senior Secured Credit Facility.    Financing interest expense on senior secured credit facility decreased $3.2 million, or 15.8%, to $17.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, compared to $20.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012. This decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in the effective interest rate under our senior secured credit facility as of February 2013, from 7.50% to 5.75%, which was partially offset by a $150 million increase in the principal amount outstanding under our the senior secured credit facility in May 2013.

Provision for Income Taxes

          Historically, as a limited liability company treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, most of our income has not been subject to corporate tax, but instead our members have been taxed on their proportionate share of our net income. Our income tax expense reflects taxes payable by certain of our non-U.S. subsidiaries. Provision for income taxes increased $1.8 million, or 79.6%, to $4.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, compared to $2.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012. The increase was primarily attributable to increases in taxable incomes in foreign jurisdictions where we are subject to corporate level taxation, including increased profitability in our European operations following a consolidation of such operations. We anticipate that our income tax provision will increase following the reorganization transactions, as we will be subject to corporate level taxation on taxable income, as adjusted for any non-controlling interest.

Year Ended December 31, 2012 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2011

Total Revenues

          Our total revenues increased $154.4 million, or 33.5%, to $615.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, compared to $461.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. This increase was primarily attributable to an increase in trading income, net, of $132.1 million, which resulted primarily from the increased scale of our business achieved by the consummation of the Madison Tyler Transactions in July 2011.

          Trading Income, Net.    Trading income, net, increased $132.1 million, or 29.4%, to $581.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, compared to $449.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. This increase resulted primarily from the increased scale of our business achieved by the consummation of the Madison Tyler Transactions in July 2011, despite decreased market volumes in Americas equities and other asset classes. Rather than analyzing trading income, net, in isolation, we generally evaluate it in the broader context of our Adjusted Net Trading Income, together with interest and dividends income, interest and dividends expense and brokerage, exchange and clearance fees, net, each of which are described below.

          Interest and Dividends Income.    Interest and dividends income increased $22.3 million, or 188.2%, to $34.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, compared to $11.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. This increase was primarily due to the increased scale of our business achieved by the consummation of the Madison Tyler Transactions in July 2011.

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Adjusted Net Trading Income

          Adjusted Net Trading Income increased $77.2 million, or 26.7%, to $366.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, compared to $289.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. Adjusted Net Trading Income per day increased $0.3 million, or 27.5%, to $1.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, compared to $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. Adjusted Net Trading Income increased in all asset classes in the year ended December 31, 2012, primarily as a result of the consummation of the Madison Tyler Transactions being reflected for a full-year period. In particular, the increase in Adjusted Net Trading Income includes an increase in revenue from global commodities trading of $28.5 million compared to the prior period, an increase from Americas equities trading of $4.5 million compared to the prior period, an increase of $24.4 million from APAC equities trading compared to the prior period, an increase of $10.3 million from trading options, fixed income and other securities compared to the prior period, an increase of $8.6 million from EMEA equities trading compared to the prior period and an increase of $2.0 million from global currencies trading compared to the prior period. The increases in each asset class we track were due to our increased scale of operations due to the consummation of the Madison Tyler Transactions in July 2011. In addition, the Madison Tyler Transactions increased our volumes across all asset classes and helped to offset the overall increase in costs for brokerage, clearing and exchange fees due to our increased scale.

Operating Expenses

          Our operating expenses increased $166.1 million, or 46.1%, to $526.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, compared to $360.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. This increase was attributable to increases across all operating expense line items, primarily due to the increased scale of our business following the Madison Tyler Transactions.

          Brokerage, Exchange and Clearance Fees, Net.    Brokerage exchange and clearance fees, net, increased $52.6 million, or 35.5%, to $200.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, compared to $148.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. This increase was primarily due to the increased scale of our business achieved by the consummation of the Madison Tyler Transactions in July 2011, which was partially offset by the achievement of more favorable pricing tiers with certain exchanges and other venues.

          Communication and Data Processing.    Communication and data processing expense increased $9.3 million, or 20.1%, to $55.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, compared to $46.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. This increase was primarily due to the consummation of the Madison Tyler Transactions in July 2011 and was also attributable to our entry into new asset classes and geographies in Latin America and the Asia-Pacific region.

          Employee Compensation and Payroll Taxes.    Employee compensation and payroll taxes increased $17.5 million, or 37.7%, to $63.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, compared to $46.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. This increase was primarily due to the consummation of the Madison Tyler Transactions in July 2011.

          Interest and Dividends Expense.    Interest and dividends expense increased $24.6 million, or 102.3%, to $48.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, compared to $24.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. This increase was primarily attributable to the increased scale of our business achieved by the consummation of the Madison Tyler Transactions in July 2011. As indicated above, rather than analyzing interest and dividends expense in isolation, we generally evaluate it in the broader context of our Adjusted Net Trading Income.

          Operations and Administrative.    Operations and administrative expense increased $19.8 million, or 248.4%, to $27.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, compared to

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$8.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. This increase was primarily due to the consummation of the Madison Tyler Transactions in July 2011.

          Depreciation and Amortization.    Depreciation and amortization increased $5.9 million, or 49.0%, to $18.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, compared to $12.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. This increase was primarily due to the consummation of the Madison Tyler Transactions in July 2011.

          Amortization of Purchased Intangibles and Acquired Capitalized Software.    Amortization of purchased intangibles and acquired capitalized software increased $33.9 million, or 89.5%, to $71.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, compared to $37.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. This increase was primarily due to the consummation of the Madison Tyler Transactions in July 2011.

          Acquisition Cost.    Acquisition cost decreased to $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2012 from $18.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. This decrease was attributable to the consummation of the Madison Tyler Transactions in July 2011.

          Acquisition Related Retention Bonus.    Acquisition related retention bonus expense increased $1.9 million, or 42.2%, to $6.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, compared to $4.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. This increase was primarily due to a full fiscal year of expense of the acquisition related retention bonus payment obligations incurred in connection with the Madison Tyler Transactions, which was partially offset by an increase in the amount of the bonus recorded as capitalized software.

          Impairment of Intangible Assets.    Impairment of intangible assets was $1.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2012. We determined that certain intangible assets acquired in the CCG Transaction were fully impaired as of December 31, 2012 and wrote down the remaining value of these assets to zero as of that date. We had no impairment of intangible assets in the year ended December 31, 2011.

          Lease Abandonment.    Lease abandonment expense was $6.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2012. This expense was attributable to the abandonment of a leased telecommunications line in the first quarter of 2012 and a resulting charge of $6.1 million. We had no lease abandonment expense in the year ended December 31, 2011.

          Financing Interest Expense on Senior Secured Credit Facility.    Financing interest expense on senior secured credit facility increased $11.9 million, or 81.1%, to $26.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, compared to $14.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. The increase was primarily attributable to the incurrence of our original $320 million senior secured credit facility in connection with the Madison Tyler Transactions and the full year of interest incurred on this indebtedness during the year ended December 31, 2012.

Provision for Income Taxes

          Provision for income taxes decreased $9.9 million, or 84.9%, to $1.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, compared to $11.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. This decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in taxable income in certain of our foreign subsidiaries located in jurisdictions where we are subject to entity-level income tax.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

General

          As of September 30, 2013, we had $67.0 million in cash and cash equivalents. These balances are maintained primarily to support operating activities and for capital expenditures and

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for short-term access to liquidity. As of September 30, 2013, we had short-term debt outstanding of $35.0 million and long-term debt outstanding of $402.8 million. As of September 30, 2013, our regulatory capital requirements for domestic U.S. subsidiaries were $2.0 million, in aggregate.

          The majority of our assets consist of exchange-listed marketable securities, which are marked-to-market daily, and collateralized receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations arising from proprietary securities transactions. Collateralized receivables consist primarily of securities borrowed, receivables from clearing houses for settlement of securities transactions and, to a lesser extent, securities purchased under agreements to resell.

          We actively manage our liquidity, and we maintain significant borrowing facilities through the securities lending markets and with banks and prime brokers. We have continually received the benefit of uncommitted margin financing from our prime brokers globally. These margin facilities are secured by securities in accounts held at the prime broker. For purposes of providing additional liquidity, we maintain a committed revolving credit facility for Virtu Financial BD LLC, one of our wholly owned broker-dealer subsidiaries. See " — Credit Facilities" below. In addition, we expect to supplement our overall liquidity with the new revolving credit facility we intend to obtain in connection with this offering.

          Based on our current level of operations, we believe our cash flows from operations, available cash and available borrowings under our broker-dealer revolving credit facility will be adequate to meet our future liquidity needs for more than the next twelve months. We anticipate that our primary upcoming cash and liquidity needs will be increased margin requirements from increased trading activities in markets where we currently provide liquidity and in new markets into which we expand. We manage and monitor our margin and liquidity needs on a real-time basis and can adjust our requirements both intraday and inter-day, as required. In addition, commencing with the fiscal quarter ending                          , we intend to pay a quarterly dividend of $                          per share to holders of our Class A common stock.

          Following the consummation of this offering, before any other distributions are made to us and the Virtu Post-IPO Members by Virtu Financial, Virtu Financial will distribute to certain Virtu Pre-IPO Members as of immediately prior to the commencement of the reorganization transactions, pro rata in accordance with their respective interests in classes of equity entitled to participate in operating cash flow distributions, operating cash flow of Virtu Financial and its subsidiaries for the fiscal period beginning on                          and ending on the date of the consummation of the reorganization transactions, less any reserves established during this period and less any operating cash flow for this period previously distributed to such Virtu Pre-IPO Members. We expect this distribution to be for an aggregate amount of approximately $                          and to be funded from cash on hand. See "Dividend Policy."

          We expect our principal sources of future liquidity to come from cash flows provided by operating activities and financing activities we may pursue, including the potential new revolving credit facility described above. In addition, based on an assumed initial public offering price of $             per share (the midpoint of the estimated public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), we will have broad discretion as to the application of $              million of the net proceeds from this offering to be used for working capital and general corporate purposes. See "Use of Proceeds." We may also use such net proceeds, together with cash from operations, to finance growth through the acquisition of, or investment in, businesses, products, services or technologies that are complementary to our current business, through mergers, acquisitions or other strategic transactions. Certain of our cash balances are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, generally up to $250,000 per account but without a cap under certain conditions. From time to time these cash balances may exceed insured limits, but we select financial institutions deemed highly creditworthy to minimize risk. We consider highly liquid

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investments with original maturities of less than three months when acquired to be cash equivalents.

Regulatory Capital Requirements

          Certain of our principal operating subsidiaries are subject to separate regulation and capital requirements in the United States and other jurisdictions. Virtu Financial BD LLC and Virtu Financial Capital Markets LLC are registered U.S. broker-dealers, and their primary regulators include the SEC, the Chicago Stock Exchange and FINRA. Virtu Financial Ireland Limited is a registered investment firm under the Market in Financial Instruments Directive, and its primary regulator is the Central Bank of Ireland.

          The SEC and FINRA impose rules that require notification when regulatory capital falls below certain pre-defined criteria. These rules also dictate the ratio of debt-to-equity in the regulatory capital composition of a broker-dealer and constrain the ability of a broker-dealer to expand its business under certain circumstances. If a firm fails to maintain the required regulatory capital, it may be subject to suspension or revocation of registration by the applicable regulatory agency, and suspension or expulsion by these regulators could ultimately lead to the firm's liquidation. Additionally, certain applicable rules impose requirements that may have the effect of prohibiting a broker-dealer from distributing or withdrawing capital and requiring prior notice to and/or approval from the SEC, the Chicago Stock Exchange and FINRA for certain capital withdrawals. Virtu Financial Ireland Limited is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland as an Investment Firm and in accordance with European Union law is required to maintain a minimum amount of regulatory capital to cover its regulatory capital requirements. In addition to periodic requirements to report its regulatory capital and submit other regulatory reports, Virtu Financial Ireland Limited is required to obtain consent prior to receiving capital contributions or making capital distributions from its regulatory capital. Failure to comply with its regulatory capital requirements could result in regulatory sanction or revocation of its regulatory license.

          The following table sets forth the regulatory capital level, requirement and excess for these regulated subsidiaries as of September 30, 2013:

(In thousands, except per share data)
 
Regulatory Capital
 
Regulatory Capital
Requirement
 
Excess Regulatory
Capital
 

Virtu Financial BD LLC

    54,393     1,000     53,393  

Virtu Financial Capital Markets LLC

    9,604     1,000     8,604  

Cash Flows

 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
(In thousands)
 
2013
 
2012
 
2012
 
2011
 

Net cash provided by (used in):

                         

Operating activities

  $ 266,779   $ 186,806   $ 160,446   $ 158,685  

Investing activities

    (25,712 )   (20,024 )   (28,356 )   (546,975 )

Financing activities

    (214,810 )   (167,493 )   (128,760 )   416,558  

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents

    724     (385 )   548     (28 )
                   

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

  $ 26,981   $ (1,096 ) $ 3,878   $ 28,240  
                   

          The table above summarizes our primary sources and uses of cash for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 and for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011. Subsequent to September 30, 2013, Virtu Financial made two distributions to its members. In November 2013, Virtu Financial made a special distribution of $98.4 million, funded primarily with the proceeds of the

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latest refinancing of our senior secured credit facility described below under " — Credit Facilities." On the same date, Virtu Financial also made a quarterly profits distribution of $26.6 million.

Operating Activities

          Net cash provided by operating activities was $266.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, compared to $186.8 million for the year ended September 30, 2012. The increase of $80.0 million in net cash provided by operating activities was primarily attributable to an increase in net income of $86.1 million.

          Net cash provided by operating activities was $160.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, compared to $158.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. Over the same period, net income decreased $1.7 million.

Investing Activities

          Net cash used in investing activities was $25.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, compared to $20.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012. The increase in net cash used in investing activities was due to a $6.2 million increase in property and equipment purchases and a $0.8 million increase in capitalized software expense, partially offset by a reduction of $1.3 million in cash used for acquisitions. The property and equipment purchases in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 increased as a result of investment in networking and communication equipment, which we would not expect to regularly reoccur.

          Net cash used in investing activities was $28.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, compared to $547.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. The decrease in net cash used in investing activities was due to $530.7 million of cash used for the Madison Tyler Transactions and $3.0 million of cash used for the CCG Transaction, each in the year ended December 31, 2011, partially offset by an increase in development of capitalized software and acquisition of property and equipment.

Financing Activities

          Net cash used in financing activities was $214.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 as a result of distributions to members of Virtu Financial, including mandatory tax distributions and the repayment of borrowings under short-term lending arrangements, net of the net proceeds from an incremental term loan borrowing. Net cash used in financing activities was $167.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 as a result of distributions to members of Virtu Financial, including mandatory tax distributions, the repayment of short-term borrowings and repayment of our senior secured credit facility.

          Net cash used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $128.8 million as a result of distributions to members of Virtu Financial, including mandatory tax distributions, and repayment of our senior secured credit facility, net of the proceeds from borrowings under short-term lending arrangements. Net cash from financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2011 was $416.6 million as a result of the proceeds from the issuance of Class A-1 interests in Virtu Financial and proceeds from our senior secured credit facility, each in connection with the Madison Tyler Transactions, and the proceeds from short-term borrowings, net of member distributions, repayment of our senior secured credit facility, debt issuance costs, repayment of notes payable to members and the repayment of short-term borrowings under our short-term lending arrangements.

Credit Facilities

          We originally entered into our senior secured credit facility with Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, in July 2011 in connection with the Madison Tyler Transactions. Subsequently, we

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refinanced our senior secured credit facility in February 2013, we obtained an incremental term loan thereunder in May 2013 and we refinanced our senior secured credit facility again in November 2013. Following our latest refinancing, as of November 30, 2013, our senior secured credit facility had an aggregate principal amount outstanding of $510 million, and it matures in November 2019. In addition, we can borrow up to an additional $200 million in incremental term loans and revolving loans. Borrowings under our senior secured credit facility bear interest, at our election, at either (i) the greatest of (a) the prime rate in effect, (b) the federal funds effective rate plus 0.5% (c) an adjusted LIBOR rate for a Eurodollar borrowing with an interest period of one month plus 1% and (d) 2.25%, plus, in each case, 3.5%, or (ii) the greater of (x) an adjusted LIBOR rate for the interest period in effect and (y) 1.25%, plus, in each case, 4.5%.

          Our senior secured credit facility is subject to certain financial covenants, which require us to maintain specified financial ratios and tests, including interest coverage and total leverage ratios, which may require us to take action to reduce our debt or to act in a manner contrary to our business objectives. Our senior secured credit facility is also subject to certain negative covenants that restricts our ability to, among other things, incur additional indebtedness, dispose of assets, guarantee debt obligations, repay other indebtedness, pay dividends, pledge assets, make investments, including in certain of our operating subsidiaries, make acquisitions or consummate mergers or consolidations and engage in certain transactions with subsidiaries and affiliates. We are also subject to contingent principal payments based on excess cash flow and certain other triggering events. As of December 31, 2013, we were in compliance with all of our covenants.

          Borrowings under our senior secured credit facility are secured by substantially all of our assets, other than the equity interests in and assets of our subsidiaries that are subject to, or potentially subject to, regulatory oversight, and our foreign subsidiaries, but including 100% of the non-voting stock and 65% of the voting stock of these subsidiaries.

          We used the incremental proceeds from the most recent refinancing of our senior secured credit facility to make a special distribution of $98.4 million to the members of Virtu Financial.

          On July 22, 2013, Virtu Financial BD LLC, our wholly owned broker-dealer subsidiary, entered into a $50.0 million, one-year secured revolving credit facility, which we refer to as our "revolving credit facility," with BMO Harris Bank N.A. Borrowings under our revolving credit facility are used to finance the purchase and settlement of securities and bear interest at the adjusted LIBOR rate or base rate, plus a margin of 1.25% per annum. A commitment fee of 0.25% per annum on the average daily unused portion of the facility is payable quarterly in arrears. An upfront fee of $0.5 million is payable in four equal installments, on the closing date and on the last day of each of the three subsequent quarters. Our revolving credit facility requires, among other items, maintenance of minimum net worth, minimum excess net capital and a maximum total assets to equity ratio.

          In connection with this offering, we intend to enter into the new revolving credit facility, providing for up to $              million in available borrowings. We expect that the new revolving credit facility will include certain financial covenants and negative covenants. There can be no assurance that we will successfully enter into the new revolving credit facility.

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Commitments and Contingencies

          The following table reflects our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2012. Amounts we pay in future periods may vary from those reflected in the table.

 
  Payments due by period  
(In thousands)
 
Total
 
Less than
1 year
 
1-3 years
 
3-5 years
 
More than
5 years
 

Long-term debt obligations

  $ 260,000   $ 48,000   $ 96,000   $ 116,000   $  

Capital leases

    3,351     2,502     849          

Operating leases

    34,809     15,466     16,198     2,322     823  
                       

Total contractual obligations(1)

  $ 298,160   $ 65,968   $ 113,047   $ 118,322   $ 823  
                       

(1)
Excludes the Class A-1 interests of Virtu Financial, which are convertible by the holders at any time into an equivalent number of Class A-2 capital interests of Virtu Financial and, in a sale or other specified capital transaction, holders are entitled to receive distributions up to specified preference amounts before holders of Class A-2 capital interests of Virtu Financial are entitled to receive distributions. In connection with the reorganization transactions, all of the existing equity interests in Virtu Financial will be reclassified into Virtu Financial Units.

Inflation

          We believe inflation has not had a material effect on our financial condition or results of operations in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 or in the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011.

Quantitative and Qualitative Information about Market Risk

Interest Rate Risk, Derivative Instruments

          In the normal course of business, we utilize derivative financial instruments in connection with our proprietary trading activities. We do not designate our derivative financial instruments as hedging instruments under Financial Accounting Standards Board's Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 815 "Derivatives and Hedging." Instead, we carry our derivative instruments at fair value with gains and losses included in trading income, net, in the accompanying statements of comprehensive income. Fair value of derivatives that are freely tradable and listed on a national exchange is determined at their last sale price as of the last business day of the period.

          Since gains and losses are included in earnings, we have elected not to separately disclose gains and losses on derivative instruments, but instead to disclose gains and losses within trading revenue for both derivative and non-derivative instruments.

          Futures Contracts.    As part of our proprietary market making trading strategies, we use futures contracts to gain exposure to changes in values of various indices, commodities, interest rates or foreign currencies. A futures contract represents a commitment for the future purchase or sale of an asset at a specified price on a specified date. Upon entering into a futures contract, we are required to pledge to the broker an amount of cash, U.S. government securities or other assets equal to a certain percentage of the contract amount. Subsequent payments, known as variation margin, are made or received by us each day, depending on the daily fluctuations in the fair values of the underlying securities. We recognize a gain or loss equal to the daily variation margin.

          Due from Brokers and Clearing Organizations.    Management periodically evaluates our counterparty credit exposures to various brokers and clearing organizations with a view to limiting potential losses resulting from counterparty insolvency.

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Foreign Currency Risk

          As a result of our international market making activities and accumulated earnings in our foreign subsidiaries, our income and net worth are subject to fluctuation in foreign exchange rates. While we generate revenues in several currencies, a majority of our operating expenses are denominated in U.S. dollars. Therefore, depreciation in these other currencies against the U.S. dollar would negatively impact revenue upon translation to the U.S. dollar The impact of any translation of our foreign denominated earnings to the U.S. dollar is mitigated, however, through the impact of daily hedging practices that are employed by the company.

          Assets and liabilities of subsidiaries with non-U.S. dollar functional currencies are translated into U.S. dollars at period-end exchange rates. Income, expense and cash flow items are translated at average exchange rates prevailing during the period. The resulting currency translation adjustments are recorded as foreign exchange translation adjustment in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income and changes in members' equity. Our primary currency translation exposures historically relate to net investments in entities having functional currencies denominated in the Euro.

Market Risk

          The purchase and sale of futures contracts requires margin deposits with a Futures Commission Merchant ("FCM"). The Commodity Exchange Act requires an FCM to segregate all customer transactions and assets from the FCM's proprietary activities. A customer's cash and other equity deposited with an FCM are considered commingled with all other customer funds subject to the FCM's segregation requirements. In the event of an FCM's insolvency, recovery may be limited to the Company's pro rata share of segregated customer funds available. It is possible that the recovery amount could be less than the total cash and other equity deposited.

Financial Instruments with Off Balance Sheet Risk

          We enter into various transactions involving derivatives and other off-balance sheet financial instruments. These financial instruments include futures, forward contracts, and exchange-traded options. These derivative financial instruments are used to conduct trading activities and manage market risks and are, therefore, subject to varying degrees of market and credit risk. Derivative transactions are entered into for trading purposes or to economically hedge other positions or transactions.

          Futures and forward contracts provide for delayed delivery of the underlying instrument. In situations where we write listed options, we receive a premium in exchange for giving the buyer the right to buy or sell the security at a future date at a contracted price. The contractual or notional amounts related to these financial instruments reflect the volume and activity and do not necessarily reflect the amounts at risk. Futures contracts are executed on an exchange, and cash settlement is made on a daily basis for market movements, typically with a central clearing house as the counterparty. Accordingly, futures contracts generally do not have credit risk. The credit risk for forward contracts, options, and swaps is limited to the unrealized market valuation gains recorded in the statements of financial condition. Market risk is substantially dependent upon the value of the underlying financial instruments and is affected by market forces, such as volatility and changes in interest and foreign exchange rates.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

          The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the applicable reporting period. Critical

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accounting policies are those that are the most important portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and that require our most difficult, subjective and complex judgments as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. While our significant accounting policies are described in more detail in the notes to our financial statements, our most critical accounting policies are discussed below. In applying such policies, we must use some amounts that are based upon our informed judgments and best estimates. Estimates, by their nature, are based upon judgments and available information. The estimates that we make are based upon historical factors, current circumstances and the experience and judgment of management. We evaluate our assumptions and estimates on an ongoing basis. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Valuation of Financial Instruments

          Due to the nature of our operations, substantially all of our financial instrument assets, comprised of financial instruments owned, securities purchased under agreements to resell, and receivables from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations are carried at fair value based on published market prices and are marked to market daily, or are assets which are short-term in nature and are reflected at amounts approximating fair value. Similarly, all of our financial instrument liabilities that arise from financial instruments sold but not yet purchased, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, securities loaned and payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations are short-term in nature and are reported at quoted market prices or at amounts approximating fair value.

Revenue Recognition

Trading Income, Net

          Trading income, net, consists of trading gains and losses that are recorded on a trade date basis and reported on a net basis. Trading income, net, is comprised of changes in fair value of assets and liabilities (i.e., unrealized gains and losses) and realized gains and losses on equities, fixed income securities, currencies and commodities.

Interest and Dividends Income/Interest and Dividends Expense

          Interest income and interest expense are accrued in accordance with contractual rates. Interest income consists of income earned on collateralized financing arrangements and on cash held by brokers. Interest expense includes interest expense from collateralized transactions, margin and related short-term lending facilities. Dividends are recorded on the ex-dividend date, and interest is recognized on the accrual basis.

Technology Services

          Technology services revenues consist of fees paid by third parties for licensing of our proprietary risk management and trading infrastructure technology and provision of associated management and hosting services. These fees include both upfront and annual recurring fees. Income from existing arrangements for technology services is recorded as a services contract in accordance with SEC Topic 13 (SAB 104), SEC Topic 13.A.3 (f), with revenue being recognized once persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the fee is fixed or determinable, and collectability is probable.

Software Development Costs

          We account for the costs of computer software developed or obtained for internal use in accordance with ASC 350-40, Internal-Use Software. We capitalize costs of materials, consultants and payroll and payroll related costs for employees incurred in developing internal-use software.

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Costs incurred during the preliminary project and post-implementation stages are charged to expense.

          Management's judgment is required in determining the point when various projects enter the stages at which costs may be capitalized, in assessing the ongoing value of the capitalized costs and in determining the estimated useful lives over which the costs are amortized. Capitalization of such costs begins when a program or functionality under development has established technological feasibility and ends when the resulting program or functionality is available for release to users. Such criteria are measured through periodic surveys of employees responsible for developing internal-use software.

          Our capitalized software development costs were approximately $7.3 million and $12.4 million with related accumulated amortization of approximately $8.5 million and $9.4 million at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively. Capitalized software development costs and related accumulated amortization are included in property, equipment and capitalized software on the accompanying consolidated statements of financial condition and are amortized over a period of 1.4 to 2.5 years, which represents the estimated useful lives of the underlying software. The estimated useful lives of the underlying software are based on analysis performed by a third party in connection with the Madison Tyler Transaction.

Stock-Based Compensation

          We account for stock-based compensation transactions with employees under the provisions of ASC 718, Compensation: Stock Compensation. ASC 718 requires the recognition of the fair value of stock-based awards in net income. The fair value of awards issued for compensation is determined using a third-party valuation on the date of grant. The fair value of stock-based awards granted to employees is amortized over the vesting period of the award, if any.

          During the year ended December 31, 2012 and nine months ended September 30, 2013, we granted Class A-2 profits interests in Virtu Financial to certain employees and a non-employee. These interests vest over a period of 4 years or immediately and are subject to repurchase provisions upon certain termination events. These awards are accounted for as equity awards and are measured at the date of grant. For the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and the year ended December 31, 2012, we recorded $6.6 million and $8.4 million, respectively, in expense recognized relating to these awards. As of December 31, 2012, total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to these Class A-2 profits interests that have not vested was $2.7 million, and this amount is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.9 years.

          We estimated the fair value of the Class A-2 profits interests using Contingent Claim Analysis based on the Merton framework, an option pricing methodology based on expected volatility, risk-free rates and expected life. Expected volatility is calculated based on companies in our peer group. The weighted average assumptions we used in estimating the grant date fair values of the Class A-2 profits interests during the year ended December 31, 2012 are summarized below:

Expected life (in years)

    1.5  

Expected stock price volatility

    30 %

Expected dividend yield

     

Fair Value of Class A-2 profits interests

  $ 6.57  

Risk-free interest rate

    0.20 %

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          Activity in the Class A-2 profits interests is as follows:

 
 
Number of
Interests
 
Weighted
Average Fair
Value
 
Weighted
Average
Remaining Life
 

Outstanding at December 31, 2011

    646,801   $ 6.57      

Interests Granted

    1,705,704   $ 6.55      

Interests Repurchased

    (53,548 ) $ 6.57      
                   

Outstanding at December 31, 2012

    2,298,957   $ 6.57     0.7  

Interests Granted

    58,270   $ 6.57      

Interests Repurchased

    (88,319 ) $ 6.57      

Outstanding at September 30, 2013

    2,268,908   $ 6.57     2.9  

          In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2012, certain employees were granted Class B interests in Virtu Financial. These interests vest in accordance with the terms of the Existing Equity Incentive Plan and are subject to repurchase provisions, upon certain termination events. These interests are accounted for as equity awards. There was no expense recognized relating to these awards.

Income Taxes

          We conduct our business globally through a number of separate legal entities. Consequently, our effective tax rate is dependent upon the geographic distribution of our earnings or losses and the tax laws and regulations of each legal jurisdiction in which we operate. We may pay taxes in some jurisdictions and not others.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

          Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the underlying net tangible and intangible assets of our acquisitions. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment on an annual basis and between annual tests whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Goodwill is tested at the reporting unit level, which is defined as an operating segment or one level below the operating segment. We operate in one operating segment, which is our only reporting unit.

          The goodwill impairment test is a two-step process. The first step is used to identify potential impairment and compares the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step of the goodwill impairment test must be performed. The second step is used to measure the amount of impairment loss, if any, and compares the implied fair value of reporting unit goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. If the carrying amount of reporting unit goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of that goodwill, an impairment loss must be recognized in an amount equal to that excess.

          The primary valuation methods we use to estimate the fair value of our reporting unit are the income and market approaches. In applying the income approach, projected available cash flows and the terminal value are discounted to present value to derive an indication of fair value of the business enterprise. The market approach compares the reporting unit to selected reasonably similar publicly-traded companies.

          We test goodwill for impairment on an annual basis on July 1 and on an interim basis when certain events or circumstances exist. Based on the results of the annual impairment tests performed as of July 1, 2013 and 2012, no goodwill impairment was recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2013 or the year ended December 31, 2012, respectively.

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          We amortize finite-lived intangible assets over their estimated useful lives. Finite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment annually or when impairment indicators are present, and if impaired, written down to fair value. As a result of the CCG Transaction, we previously recorded an identifiable intangible asset, the rights for CCG to act as a DMM on the NYSE and NYSE MKT (formerly NYSE Amex). We determined that these rights were fully impaired as of December 31, 2012 and have written down the $1.5 million of remaining value of these assets to zero on our consolidated statements of financial condition and recognized a corresponding loss which is recorded within Impairment of intangible assets in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income. We have no indefinite-lived intangibles.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

          Fair Value Measurements (Topic 820).    In May 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-04, Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRSs. This update amends existing guidance on fair value measurements related to (i) instruments held in a portfolio, (ii) instruments classified within members' equity, (iii) application of the "highest and best use" concept to nonfinancial assets, (iv) application of blockage factors and other premiums and discounts in the valuation process and (v) other matters. In addition, ASU 2011-04 expanded the required disclosures around fair value measurements, including (i) reporting the level in the fair value hierarchy used to value assets and liabilities which are not measured at fair value, but where fair value is disclosed, and (ii) qualitative disclosures about the sensitivity of Level 3 fair value measurements to changes in unobservable inputs used. This update is effective for the first interim or annual period beginning after December 15, 2011. We have adopted the provisions of ASU No. 2011-04 regarding fair value measurement, and the adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements, other than additional disclosures.

          Balance Sheet (Topic 210).    In December 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-11, Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities. The amended standard requires an entity to disclose information about offsetting and related arrangements to enable users of its financial statements to understand the effect of those arrangements on its financial position. An entity is required to apply the amendments for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013, and interim periods within those annual periods. An entity should provide the disclosures required by those amendments retrospectively for all comparative periods presented. In January 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-01, Balance Sheet (Topic 210): Clarifying the Scope of Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities, which clarified that the scope of ASU 2011-11 is limited to include derivatives accounted for in accordance with Topic 815, including bifurcated embedded derivatives, repurchase agreements and reverse repurchase agreements, and securities borrowing and securities lending transactions that are either offset or subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement or similar agreement. The effective date is the same as the effective date of ASU 2011-11. These amendments did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements, other than additional disclosures.

          Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income.    In February 2013, the FASB issued an accounting update that created new disclosure requirements requiring entities to report the effect of significant reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income on the respective line items in net income if the amount being reclassified is required under U.S. GAAP to be reclassified in its entirety to net income. The disclosure requirements became effective for us beginning on January 1, 2013. Since these amended principles require only additional disclosures concerning amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income, adoption has not affected our consolidated statements of comprehensive income or notes to our consolidated financial statements.

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BUSINESS

Overview

          Virtu is a leading technology-enabled market maker and liquidity provider to the global financial markets. We stand ready, at any time, to buy or sell a broad range of securities, and we generate revenue by buying and selling large volumes of securities and other financial instruments and earning small bid/ask spreads. We make markets by providing quotations to buyers and sellers in more than 10,000 securities and other financial instruments on more than 210 unique exchanges, markets and liquidity pools in 30 countries around the world. We believe that our broad diversification, in combination with our proprietary technology platform and low-cost structure, enables us to facilitate risk transfer between global capital markets participants by supplying liquidity and competitive pricing while at the same time earning attractive margins and returns.

          We believe that market makers like us serve an important role in maintaining and improving the overall health and efficiency of the global capital markets by continuously posting bids and offers for financial instruments and thereby providing to market participants an efficient means to transfer risk. All market participants benefit from the increased liquidity, lower overall trading costs and enhanced execution certainty that we provide. While in most cases we do not have customers in a traditional sense, we make markets for global banks, brokers and other intermediaries, in addition to retail and institutional investors, including corporations, individuals, hedge funds, mutual funds, pension funds and other investors, all of whom desire to transfer risk in multiple securities and asset classes for their own accounts and/or on behalf of their customers. The following table illustrates our diversification and scale:

Asset Classes
 
Percentage of
Adjusted Net Trading
Income(1)
(Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2013)
 
Selected Venues in Which We Make Markets

Americas Equities

  28%   NYSE, Nasdaq, DirectEdge, NYSE Arca, NYSE MKT (formerly NYSE Amex), BATS, TMX, ICE, CME, BM&F Bovespa, major dark pools

EMEA Equities

 

11%

 

LSE, Deutsche Boerse, NASDAQ OMX, NYSE Euronext, Eurex, Chi-X, BME, XETRA, NYSE Liffe, Turquoise, Borsa Italiana, SIX Swiss Exchange, Johannesburg Stock Exchange

APAC Equities

 

12%

 

TSE, SGX, OSE, SBI Japannext, TOCOM

Global Commodities

 

22%

 

CME, ICE, TOCOM, SGX, NYSE Liffe, EBS

Global Currencies

 

19%

 

CME, ICE, Currenex, EBS, HotSpot, Reuters, FXall, LMAX

Options, Fixed Income and Other Securities

 

  9%

 

CBOE, PHLX, NYSE Arca Options, eSpeed, BOX, BrokerTec


(1)
For a full description of Adjusted Net Trading Income and a reconciliation of Adjusted Net Trading Income to trading income, net, see "Prospectus Summary — Summary Historical and Pro Forma Consolidated Financials and Other Data."

          We refer to our market making activities as being "market neutral," which means that we are not dependent on the direction of a particular market and do not speculate. Our market making activities are designed to minimize capital at risk at any given time by limiting the notional size of our positions. Our strategies are also designed to lock in returns through precise and nearly instantaneous hedging, as we seek to eliminate the price risk in any positions held. Our revenue

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generation is driven primarily by transaction volume across a broad range of securities, asset classes and geographies. We avoid the risk of long or short positions in favor of earning small bid/ask spreads on large trading volumes across thousands of securities and financial instruments. We do not engage in the types of principal investing and predictive, momentum and signal trading in which many other broker-dealers and trading firms engage. In fact, in order to minimize the likelihood of unintended activities by our market making strategies, if our risk management system detects a trading strategy generating revenues outside of our preset limits, it will freeze, or "lockdown," that strategy and alert risk management personnel and management. Although this approach may prevent us from maximizing potential returns in times of extreme market volatility, we believe the reduction in risk is an appropriate trade-off that is in keeping with our aim of generating consistently strong revenue from trading.

          For the year ended December 31, 2012 and the nine months ended September 30, 2013, our total revenues were approximately $615.6 million and $501.3 million, respectively, our trading income, net, was approximately $581.5 million and $471.6 million, respectively, our Adjusted Net Trading Income was approximately $366.3 million and $315.5 million, respectively, our net income was approximately $87.6 million and $155.3 million, respectively, and our Adjusted Net Income was approximately $188.3 million and $174.6 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2013, we earned approximately 28% of our Adjusted Net Trading Income from Americas equities, 11% from EMEA equities, 12% from APAC equities, 22% from global commodities, 19% from global currencies and 9% from options, fixed income and other securities. For a reconciliation of Adjusted Net Trading Income to trading income, net, and Adjusted Net Income to net income, see "Prospectus Summary — Summary Historical and Pro Forma Consolidated Financial and Other Data." Since our inception, we have sought to broadly diversify our market making across securities, asset classes and geographies, and as a result, for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, we achieved a diverse mix of Adjusted Net Trading Income results, with no one geography or asset class constituting more than 30% of our total Adjusted Net Trading Income.

          The chart below illustrates our daily Adjusted Net Trading Income from January 1, 2009 through September 30, 2013. As a result of our real-time risk management strategy and technology, we had only one losing trading day during the period depicted, a total of 1,178 trading days.


Daily Adjusted Net Trading Income Distribution*
(in millions)

GRAPHIC

*
Includes Madison Tyler Holdings' Adjusted Net Trading Income prior to the Madison Tyler Transactions on July 8, 2011. Includes NYSE trading days and excludes holidays and half days.

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          Technology and operational efficiency are at the core of our business. We believe that we are at the forefront of market making technology and that this focus is a key element of our success. We have developed a proprietary, multi-asset, multi-currency technology platform that is highly reliable, scalable and modular, and we integrate directly with exchanges and other liquidity centers. Our market data, order routing, transaction processing, risk management and market surveillance technology modules manage our market making activities in an efficient manner and enable us to scale our market making activities globally and across additional securities and other financial instruments and asset classes without significant incremental costs or third-party licensing or processing fees.

          We are a registered broker-dealer in the U.S. and are registered with the Central Bank of Ireland for our European trading. We participate on more than 210 unique exchanges, markets and liquidity pools globally and register as a market maker or liquidity provider and/or enter into direct obligations to provide liquidity on nearly every exchange or venue that offers such programs. We engage regularly with regulators around the world on issues affecting electronic trading and have been a proponent with the SEC of affirmative market making obligations for electronic market makers in U.S. equities in an effort to enhance the transparency and liquidity provided to capital markets. In the U.S., we conduct our business from our headquarters in New York, New York and our trading center in Austin, Texas. Abroad, we conduct our business through trading centers located in Dublin and Singapore.

Industry and Market Overview

          Market makers, like us, serve a critical role in the functioning of all financial markets by providing bids and offers for securities and other financial instruments. Market makers enhance liquidity and execution certainty for all market participants, enabling buyers and sellers to efficiently transfer risk, and are compensated for this service by earning a small amount of money on the bid/ask spread. A market maker's success depends on it posting the best available prices and accurately responding to relevant market data in similar and correlated instruments.

          Historically, market making activities occurred on the physical floor of exchanges, where human traders would execute buy and sell orders for securities. Over the last 20 years, however, the global trading markets have been characterized by the electronification of trading, development of new asset classes, volume growth and improving technology and speed of communication. The advent of electronic trading venues has changed the traditional trading process for many types of securities in the equity, bond and currency markets. The practice of physical, "open outcry" trading has largely been replaced by electronic trading platforms. This shift, and the resulting increase in speed and reduction in trading costs, has led to significant growth in electronic trading volumes, as implied by growth in the aggregate notional value and number of trades on exchanges around the world. According to the World Federation of Exchanges, the number of equity shares traded electronically grew at a compound annual rate of 13.7% since 2004, from approximately 3.5 billion shares in 2004 to approximately 9.8 billion shares in 2012. In addition, according to the Futures Industry Association, trading of futures and options on exchanges has grown at a compound annual rate of 11.5% since 2004, from 8.9 billion contracts in 2004 to 21.2 billion contracts in 2012,

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and we believe that a significant portion of this growth has come from the electronification of trading.

Yearly Global Exchange Electronic Order Book Volumes
(billions of shares)
  Yearly Global Futures and Options Volumes
(billions of contracts)

 

 

 

GRAPHIC
 
GRAPHIC
Source: World Federation of Exchanges.   Source: Futures Industry Association.

          Growth in foreign exchange market volumes has also been robust. According to the Bank for International Settlements, the daily average market turnover across foreign exchange instruments in April 2013 was $5.3 trillion. This rate represents 12.0% compound annual growth from the April 2004 daily average of $1.9 trillion. Among the various foreign exchange instruments, outright spots and swaps led this growth as turnover in foreign exchange spot transactions more than tripled from $631 billion in April 2004 to $2.0 trillion in April 2013 and the daily average turnover of foreign exchange swaps increased from $954 billion to $2.2 trillion during the same period.

Global Foreign Exchange Market Volumes, Net-Net Basis
(dollars in trillions)


GRAPHIC

Source: Bank for International Settlements.

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          Growth in the electronic trading markets has led to increased competition among market makers. Successful firms have had to automate their trading and develop efficient, scalable technology platforms to remain competitive. Electronic market makers employ technology and automated trading applications to place bids and offers more quickly and transact at a lower cost than their predecessors, leading to enhanced liquidity and more efficient pricing for all market participants. The chart below illustrates how bid/ask spreads have narrowed in the past ten years for the stocks that comprise the Standard & Poor's 500 Index.

Narrowing Bid/Ask Spreads (S&P 500)


GRAPHIC

Source: Bloomberg.

          Market structure has become increasingly complex. Although in some geographies and asset classes trading continues to occur through a single exchange, many markets for many asset classes, such as U.S. and European equities, have become increasingly fragmented. While we believe this fragmentation and related competition have been beneficial to all market participants, leading to more compressed bid/ask spreads and creating deeper liquidity, they have also created greater complexity and has required electronic market makers to expand their infrastructure to connect with more venues, which we believe will enable larger firms with scalable infrastructure, like us, to capture more of these opportunities. The chart below illustrates decreasing shares of market volumes in cash equities on certain major exchanges across the world, signifying increased market fragmentation.

Percentage of Cash Equities Market Volumes
US
(NYSE & NASDAQ)
  Canada
(TSX)
  London
(LSE)
  Germany
(Deutsche Boerse)

GRAPHIC

Source: BATS Global Markets for US, London and Germany, Investment Industry Regulatory Organization of Canada (IIROC) for Canada.

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          Increased volumes and penetration of electronic trading have been greatest in developed markets, particularly in the U.S. However, we believe that many other global markets will become more liquid, efficient and electronic over time, in part through the increased participation of electronic market makers, which will result in greater volume growth and transaction velocity. Automated services that provide continuous bids and offers across many securities and asset classes are fundamental to this transformation. Furthermore, regulatory changes impacting the OTC derivatives markets, such as the European Markets Infrastructure Regulation and the Dodd-Frank Act, will require many formerly OTC products to be traded through central clearing houses, potentially causing an increase in market-traded futures volumes. Unlike exchange traded futures, OTC derivatives have historically traded between two parties. However, increased regulatory requirements for transactions in OTC derivatives may cause some market participants to shift their trading toward exchange traded futures. The OTC derivatives market is large but has significantly less trading volume than the listed futures market. The "futurization" of the large OTC derivatives markets and the potential for increased trading volume could result in higher volumes and subsequently more opportunities for electronic market makers.

The OTC Market Is Currently Larger
than the Exchange Market
(Notional Outstanding Value, dollars in trillions)
  Exchange Contracts Experience
Higher Trading Levels
(Turnover/Notional)

GRAPHIC

Source: Bank for International Settlements.

Our Competitive Strengths

          Critical Component of an Efficient Market Eco-System.    As a leading, low-cost market maker dedicated to providing improved efficiency and liquidity across multiple securities, asset classes and geographies, we aim to provide critical market functionality and robust price competition, leading to reduced trading costs and more efficient pricing in the securities and other financial instruments in which we provide liquidity. This contribution to the financial markets, and the scale and diversity of our market making activities, provides added liquidity and transparency, which we believe are necessary and valued components to the efficient functioning of market infrastructure and benefit all market participants. We support transparent and efficient, technologically advanced marketplaces and advocate for legislation and regulation that promotes fair and transparent access to markets.

          Cutting Edge, Proprietary Technology.    Technology is at the core of our business, and we believe it provides us with a significant competitive advantage. Our team of software engineers develops all of our core software internally, and we utilize customized infrastructure to integrate directly with the exchanges and other trading venues on which we provide liquidity. Wherever possible, we lease co-location space at or near, and utilize customized network infrastructure to connect to, the exchanges and other venues where we provide liquidity. We do not pay any

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licensing or per-trade processing fees to any third parties, and the engineering cycles for enhancements or new technologies are entirely within our control. Our focus on technology and our ability to leverage our technology enables us to be one of the lowest cost providers of liquidity to the global electronic trading marketplace.

          Consistent, Diversified and Growing Revenue Base.    We make markets in more than 10,000 listed securities and other financial instruments on more than 210 unique exchanges, markets and liquidity pools in 30 countries around the world, and we generate revenue by earning small bid/ask spreads on large trading volumes. The reliability and scalability of our technology platform also allow us to capitalize on higher transaction volumes during periods of extraordinary market volatility and are the drivers of our large trading volumes, enabling us to constantly diversify our Adjusted Net Trading Income through asset class and geographic expansion and to deliver consistent profitability. As a result, during the nine months ended September 30, 2013, no single asset class or geography constituted more than 30% of our total Adjusted Net Trading Income. Our diversification, together with our revenue generation strategy of earning small bid/ask spreads on large trading volumes across thousands of securities, enables us to deliver consistent Adjusted Net Trading Income under a wide range of market conditions.

          Low Costs and Large Economies of Scale.    Our high degree of automation, together with our ability to reduce external costs by internalizing certain trade processing functions, enables us to leverage our low market making costs over large trading volumes. Our market making costs are low due to several factors. As a self-clearing DTC member, we avoid paying clearing fees to third parties in our U.S. equities market making business. In addition, because of our significant scale, we are able to obtain favorable pricing for trade processing functions and other costs that we do not internalize. Our significant volumes generally place us in the top tiers of favorable brokerage, clearing and exchange fees for venues that provide tiered pricing structures. Our low-cost structure allows us to maintain a marginal cost per trade that we believe is favorable compared to our competitors. Our scale is further demonstrated by our headcount — as of September 30, 2013, we had only 144 employees. Our business efficiency is also reflected in our operating margins and our Adjusted EBITDA margins.

          Real-Time Risk Management.    Our trading is designed to be non-directional, non-speculative and market neutral. Our market making strategies are designed to put minimal capital at risk at any given time by limiting the notional size of our positions. Our strategies are also designed to lock in returns through precise and nearly instantaneous hedging, as we seek to eliminate the price risk in any positions held. Our real-time risk management system is built into our trading platform and is an integral part of our order life-cycle, analyzing real-time pricing data and ensuring that our order activity is conducted within strict pre-determined trading and position limits. If our risk management system detects that a trading strategy is generating revenues outside of our preset limits, it will lockdown that strategy and alert management. In addition, our risk management system continuously reconciles our internal transaction records against the records of the exchanges and other liquidity centers with which we interact. As a result of our successful real-time risk management strategy, we have had only one losing trading day since January 1, 2008.

          Proven and Talented Management Team.    Our management team, with an average of more than 20 years of industry experience, is led by individuals with diverse backgrounds and deep knowledge and experience in the development and application of technology to the electronic trading industry. Mr. Vincent Viola, our Founder and Executive Chairman, is the former Chairman of the NYMEX and has been a market maker his entire career since leaving active duty in the U.S. Army and joining the NYMEX in 1982. Mr. Viola is widely recognized as an innovator and pioneer in market making and electronic trading over his 30-plus year career. Our Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Douglas Cifu has been with us since our founding in 2008 and previously was a Partner with

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the international law firm of Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP. Mr. Christopher Concannon, our President and Chief Operating Officer, has been with us since 2009. Mr. Concannon's experience includes six years as Executive Vice President of Nasdaq OMX Group, where he was responsible for overseeing all of Nasdaq OMX's U.S. exchanges.

Our Key Growth Strategies

          Capitalize on secular growth in electronic trading of global listed securities markets and continue to increase market penetration.    We expect that global electronic trading volumes will continue to grow, driven by various factors, including technology, globalization, convergence of exchange and non-exchange markets and the evolving regulatory environment. According to the World Federation of Exchanges, the number of equity shares traded through an electronic order book grew at a compound annual rate of 13.7% since 2004, from approximately 3.5 billion shares in 2004 to approximately 9.8 billion shares in 2012. In addition, according to the Futures Industry Association, trading of futures and options on exchanges has grown at a compound annual rate of 11.5% since 2004, from 8.9 billion contracts in 2004 to 21.2 billion contracts in 2012, and we believe that a significant portion of this growth has come from the electronification of trading. Our ability to offer competitive bid and offer quotes, facilitated by our proprietary, scalable technology platform and our low-cost structure, has enabled us to grow our business and add trading volume at little incremental cost, and as a result we expect to be well positioned to capitalize on future growth in the global electronic trading markets, particularly in certain asset classes in which we have lower Adjusted Net Trading Income or are not yet a participant.

          Provide increasing liquidity across a wider range of new securities and other financial instruments.    We believe that the full implementation of the European Markets Infrastructure Regulation and the Dodd-Frank Act in the U.S. will increase transparency, liquidity and efficiency in global trading markets and encourage the further development of trading opportunities in certain asset classes in which highly liquid electronic markets remain limited or nonexistent due to historical reliance on bilateral voice trading and other inefficient processes. The migration of these products to electronic trading will provide us with an opportunity to deploy our technology in asset classes that are not accessible to us currently including, for example, interest rate swaps, interest rate swap futures, CDS index futures and OTC energy swaps.

          Grow geographically.    We trade on over 210 unique exchanges, markets and liquidity pools around the world, located in 30 countries. We look to expand into new geographies when access is available to us and the applicable regulatory scheme permits us to deploy our strategy. Given the scalability of our platform, we believe we will be able to expand into new geographies and begin generating revenues quickly with little incremental cost. We intend to continue to expand our market making business into new geographic locations, including locations in the EMEA and APAC markets, where we began making markets in 2008 and 2010, respectively. We entered the Japanese, Australian and certain other Asian markets beginning in late 2011, and we expect those markets to be growth areas for us.

          Leverage our technology to offer additional technology services to market participants.    We believe that our order management, market data, order routing, processing, risk management and market surveillance technology modules offer a key value proposition to market participants and that sharing our technological capabilities with market participants in a manner that expands electronic trading will create more opportunities for market making as trading volumes increase. Recently, we adapted our existing technology to provide a customized automated trading platform for foreign exchange products to a major financial institution. We believe this platform will increase transparency, liquidity and efficiency for that institution and will provide us with a unique opportunity to provide liquidity and market making services directly to other institutions as well.

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          Expand customized liquidity solutions.    We also provide liquidity and competitive pricing in foreign currency markets directly to market participants on our VFX platform and through other customized liquidity arrangements. We offered more than 75 different pairs of currency products as of September 30, 2013. We intend to offer this same type of customized liquidity in other asset classes globally.

          Pursue strategic partnerships and acquisitions.    We intend to selectively consider opportunities to grow through strategic partnerships or acquisitions that enhance our existing capabilities or enable us to enter new markets or provide new products and services. For example, the Madison Tyler Transactions created economies of scale with substantial synergy opportunities realized to date and allowed us to enhance our international presence. In addition, with our acquisition of the ETF market making assets of Nyenburgh in the third quarter of 2012, we became an OTC market maker and currently provide two-sided liquidity to over 70 counterparties throughout Europe.

Diversity of Our Market Making

          We make markets in a number of different assets classes, that are discussed in more detail below.

Americas Equities

          Americas equities trading accounted for approximately 34% and 28% of our Adjusted Net Trading Income for the year ended December 31, 2012 and the nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively. We trade approximately 6,000 Americas equity securities including, among others, equity related futures and exchange traded funds, on thirteen SEC registered exchanges, including the NYSE, the Nasdaq, Direct Edge, NYSE Arca and BATS, the TSX in Canada, Bovespa in Brazil and BMV in Mexico, and we connect to more than 20 dark pools. In 2011, we became a DMM in over 260 stocks on the floor of the NYSE and the NYSE MKT (formerly NYSE Amex), and we are seeking to increase the number of listed NYSE stocks for which we serve as a DMM.

          As exchange traded funds, or "ETFs," and other similar products have proliferated both domestically and internationally, demand has increased for trading the underlying assets or hedging such funds. Our technology has enabled us to expand into providing liquidity to this growing area by making markets across these assets in a variety of trading venues globally. We are authorized participants and can create and/or redeem ETFs in Americas equities, EMEA equities and APAC equities.

EMEA Equities

          EMEA equities trading accounted for approximately 11% and 11% of our Adjusted Net Trading Income for the year ended December 31, 2012 and the nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively. Similar to our strategy in the Americas, we utilize proprietary connections to all of the registered exchanges in a particular jurisdiction including the LSE, BATS-Chi-X Europe and NYSE Euronext, as well as any additional pools of liquidity to which we can gain access either directly or through a broker. We are also well positioned in European ETFs, as an authorized participant in many European ETFs. In addition, after our acquisition of the ETF market making assets of Nyenburgh, we provide two-sided liquidity to over 70 counterparties throughout Europe.

APAC Equities

          APAC equities trading accounted for approximately 9% and 12% of our Adjusted Net Trading Income for the year ended December 31, 2012 and the nine months ended September 30, 2013,

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respectively. We utilize proprietary connections to the ASX, TSX and SGX, among other exchanges and liquidity pools.

Global Commodities

          Trading in global commodities accounted for approximately 26% and 22% of our Adjusted Net Trading Income for the year ended December 31, 2012 and the nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively. During these periods, we had leading volumes on both the CME and ICE in trading crude oil, natural gas, heating oil and gasoline futures. We trade approximately 100 energy products and futures on the ICE, CME, TOCOM and NYSE Liffe US. We also actively trade precious metals, including gold, silver, platinum and palladium.

Global Currencies

          Trading in global currencies, including spot, futures and forwards, accounted for approximately 14% and 19% of our Adjusted Net Trading Income for the year ended December 31, 2012 and the nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively. During these periods, we were a leading participant in the major foreign exchange venues, including Reuters, Currenex, Hotspot F/X and EBS. Currency trading has historically utilized intermediaries and large broker-dealers, and as a result, market making opportunities in foreign exchange have been limited.

Options, Fixed Income and Other Securities

          Trading in other products, U.S. and foreign government fixed income products and options accounted for approximately 7% and 9% of our Adjusted Net Trading Income for the year ended December 31, 2012 and the nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively. We trade these products on a variety of specialized exchanges and other trading venues, including all of the U.S. options exchanges of which we are a member (i.e., CBOE, ISE and NYSE Arca) and through the U.S. futures exchanges. We believe that we can increase our volumes in certain of these products.

Technology

          We have developed, in-house, a single proprietary, scalable and modular technology platform that we directly integrate with exchanges and other trading venues through customized infrastructure to provide continuous bid and offer quotations on a wide variety of assets traded electronically around the world. Our platform incorporates market data and evaluates risk exposure on a real-time basis to update outstanding quotes often many times per second, enabling us to offer competitive bid/ask spreads. Our high degree of automation reduces our costs, and we believe our cost per trade is as low as or lower than any other market participants. Leveraging the scalability and low costs of our platform, we are able to test and rapidly deploy new liquidity provisioning strategies, expand to new securities, asset classes and geographies and increase transaction volumes at little incremental cost.

          Our transaction processing is automated over the full life cycle of a trade. Our platform generates and disseminates continuous bid and offer quotes on over 10,000 tradable listed products. It simultaneously searches for the best possible combination of prices available at the time an order is placed and immediately seeks to execute that order electronically or send it where the order has the highest probability of execution at the best price. At the moment a trade is executed, our systems capture and deliver this information back to the source, in most cases within a fraction of a second, and the trade record is written into our clearing system, where it flows through a chain of control accounts that allow us to reconcile trades, positions and payments until the final settlement occurs.

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          Our core software technology is developed internally, and we do not generally rely on outside vendors for software development or maintenance. To achieve optimal performance from our systems, we continuously test and upgrade our software. Our focus on cutting-edge technology not only improves our performance but also helps us attract and retain talented developers.

          Virtually all of our software has been developed and maintained with a unified purpose. We track and test new software releases with proprietary automated testing tools and are not hindered by disparate or limiting legacy systems assembled through acquisitions. Although we acquired new technology as a result of the Madison Tyler Transactions in 2011, we had substantially completed integration of core trading technologies within eight to twelve months of the close of the transaction.

          We have built and continuously refined our automated and integrated, real-time systems for world-wide trading, risk management, clearing and cash management, among other purposes. We have also assembled a proprietary connectivity network between us and exchanges around the world. Efficiency and speed in performing prescribed functions are always crucial requirements for our systems, and generally we focus on opportunities in markets that are sufficiently advanced to allow the seamless deployment of our automated strategies, risk management system and core technology.

          Our systems are monitored 24 hours a day, five days a week by our core operations team and are substantially identical across our four offices, in New York, New York, Austin, Texas, Dublin, Ireland and Singapore. This redundancy covers our full technology platform, including our market data, order routing, transaction processing, risk management and market surveillance technology modules. Because our systems can be operated by qualified personnel in any office at any time across our globally distributed offices, we have an effective, organic disaster recovery and business continuity plan in place, allowing for seamless operation of our trading strategies in the event of market disruption.

Risk Management

          We are intensely focused on risk management and monitor our activities on a continuous basis using our fully integrated technology systems.

          Risk management is at the core of our trading infrastructure. Our real-time risk controls monitor all of our market making positions, incorporating market data and evaluating our risk exposure to continuously update our outstanding bid and offer quotes, often many times per second. Although our market making is automated, the trading process and our risk exposure are monitored by a team of individuals, including members of our senior management team, who oversee our risk management processes in real time. Our risk management system is utilized in each of our four trading centers.

          Our risk management policies are set by our Risk Committee and overseen by our Chief Risk Officer. We utilize the following three-pronged approach to managing risk:

    Strategy Lockdowns.  Messages that leave our trading environment must first pass through a series of preset risk controls, or "lockdowns," which are intended to minimize the likelihood of unintended activities by our market making algorithms, and which cannot be modified by our traders. Not only do we implement preset risk controls to limit downside risk, but we also do the same to limit upside risk — if our risk management system detects that a trading strategy is generating revenues outside of our preset limits, a lockdown will be triggered. When a lockdown is triggered, our risk management system alerts us and automatically freezes the applicable trading strategy, cancels all applicable open orders and prevents placed or additional related orders. Following a lockdown, a member of our Risk

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      Committee must manually reset the applicable trading strategy. While this risk prevention layer adds a degree of latency to our trading infrastructure and can prevent us from earning outsized returns in times of extreme market volatility, we believe that this trade-off is necessary to properly limit our downside risk.

    Aggregate Exposure Monitoring.  Pursuant to our risk management policies, our automated management information systems generate reports in real-time as well as on daily and periodic bases. These reports include risk profiles, profit and loss analyses and trading performance reports. Our assets and liabilities are marked-to-market daily for financial reporting purposes by reference to official exchange prices, and they are re-valued continuously throughout the trading day for risk management and asset/liability management purposes.

    Operational Controls.  We have automated the full cycle of controls of our business. Key automated controls include:

    our technical operations system continuously monitors our network and the proper functioning of each of our trading centers around the world;

    our market making system continuously evaluates over 10,000 listed securities in which we provide bid and offer quotes and changes its bids and offers in such a way as to minimize exposure to directional price movements. The speed of communicating with exchanges and market centers is maximized through continuous software and network engineering innovation, allowing us to achieve real-time controls over market exposure. We connect to exchanges and other electronic venues through a network of co-location facilities around the world that are monitored 24 hours a day, five days a week, by our staff of experienced network professionals;

    our clearing system captures trades in real time and performs automated reconciliations of trades and positions, corporate action processing, customer account transfers, options exercises, securities lending and inventory management, allowing us to effectively manage operational risk; and

    software developed to support our market making systems performs daily profit and loss reconciliations.

          In addition, we seek to minimize our liquidity risk by trading only in highly active and liquid instruments. The diversity of assets and venues in which we provide liquidity serves as a further form of portfolio risk management.

          Our Risk Committee includes key personnel from each of our locations globally and is comprised of our Chief Risk Officer, members of our senior management team, senior technologists and traders, and certain senior compliance officers. Our board of directors is regularly apprised of the activities of our Risk Committee and our risk management policies, procedures and controls through board updates and other communications. All of our risk controls and settings are approved and reviewed by our Risk Committee.

Competition

          Historically, our competition has been registered market making firms ranging from sole proprietors with very limited resources to large, integrated broker-dealers. Today, our major competitors continue to be large broker-dealers, such as Bank of America Merrill Lynch, Citigroup, Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, UBS, and, and niche players such as Citadel, DRW Holdings, Hudson River Trading, IMC, KCG Holdings, Optiver, Peak6, Susquehanna, Timber Hill and Wolverine Trading. Some of our competitors in market making are larger than we are and have more captive

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order flow in certain assets. We believe that the high cost of developing a technological framework that is competitive with existing market makers is a significant barrier to entry by new market participants.

          We believe that we must have more sophisticated, versatile and robust software than our competitors in order to maintain a competitive advantage. Technology and software innovation is a primary focus for us, rather than relying solely on the speed of our network. We believe that our scalable technology allows us to access new markets and increase volumes with limited incremental costs.

          In addition, we believe our lack of direct customers and customer accounts allows us increased flexibility as we face fewer constraints in reallocating resources to pursue market opportunities as they arise. We are also a self-clearing DTC participant, so we avoid paying clearing fees to third parties in our U.S. equities market making business.

Intellectual Property and Other Proprietary Rights

          We rely primarily on trade secret, trademark, domain name, copyright and contract law to protect our intellectual property and proprietary technology. We enter into confidentiality, intellectual property invention assignment and/or non-competition and non-solicitation agreements or restrictions with our employees, independent contractors and business partners, and we strictly control access to and distribution of our intellectual property.

Properties

          We lease office space in New York, New York, which serves as our corporate headquarters and as a trading center, and office space in other locations, including Austin, Texas, which serves as a trading center, and Dublin and Singapore, our respective European and Asian regional headquarters and trading centers. We also lease rack space in data centers that are co-located with exchanges around the world.

Employees

          As of September 30, 2013, we had 144 employees, all of whom were employed on a full-time basis. None of our employees is covered by collective bargaining agreements. We believe that our employee relations are good.

Legal Proceedings

          From time to time we may be involved in disputes or litigation relating to claims arising out of our operations. We are not currently a party to any legal proceedings that could reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Regulation

          We conduct our U.S. equities market making activities through our two SEC-registered broker-dealers, Virtu Financial BD LLC and Virtu Financial Capital Markets LLC. Virtu Financial BD LLC is a self-clearing broker-dealer, is regulated by the SEC and its designated examining authority is the Chicago Stock Exchange. Virtu Financial Capital Markets LLC is regulated by the SEC and its designated examining authority is FINRA.

          Our activities in U.S. equities are almost entirely self-cleared. We are a full clearing member of the National Securities Clearing Corporation, or NSCC, and the DTC. In other asset classes, we use the services of prime brokers who provide us direct market access to markets and often the

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benefits of cross-margining and margin financing in return for an execution and clearing fee. We continually monitor the credit quality of our prime brokers and rely on large multinational banks for most of our execution and clearing needs globally.

          Our energy, commodities and currency market making and trading activities are conducted through Virtu Financial Global Markets LLC.

          We conduct our EMEA market making and trading activities from Dublin and through our Irish subsidiaries, Virtu Financial Ireland Limited, which is authorized as an "Investment Firm" with the Central Bank of Ireland, and Virtu Financial Europe Limited.

          We conduct our APAC market making and trading activities from Singapore and through our Singapore subsidiary, Virtu Financial Singapore Pte. Ltd., and our Australian subsidiary, Virtu Financial Asia Pty. Ltd. Virtu Financial Singapore Pte. Ltd. is registered with the Monetary Authority of Singapore for an investment incentive arrangement, and Virtu Financial Asia Pty. Ltd. holds a financial services license issued by, and is therefore subject to the regulatory oversight of, the Australian Securities and Investments Commission.

          Most aspects of our business are subject to extensive regulation under federal, state and foreign laws and regulations, as well as the rules of the various SROs of which our subsidiaries are members. The SEC, CFTC, state securities regulators, FCA, SFC, FINRA, NFA, other SROs and other U.S. and foreign governmental regulatory bodies promulgate numerous rules and regulations that may impact our business. As a matter of public policy, regulatory bodies are charged with safeguarding the integrity of the securities and other financial markets and with protecting the interests of investors in those markets. Regulated entities are subject to regulations concerning all aspects of their business, including trading practices, order handling, best execution practices, anti-money laundering, handling of material non-public information, safeguarding data, securities credit, capital adequacy, reporting, record retention, market access and the conduct of officers, employees and other associated persons. Our registered broker-dealer subsidiaries do not carry customer accounts and are therefore exempt from otherwise applicable SEC requirements relating to the protection of customer securities and the maintenance of a cash reserve account for the benefit of customers.

          Rulemaking by these and other regulators (foreign and domestic), including resulting market structure changes has had an impact on our regulated subsidiaries by directly affecting our method of operation and, at times, our profitability. Legislation can impose, and has imposed, significant obligations on broker-dealers, including our regulated subsidiaries. These increased obligations require the implementation and maintenance of internal practices, procedures and controls which have increased our costs and may subject us to government and regulatory inquiries, claims or penalties.

          Failure to comply with any laws, rules or regulations could result in administrative or court proceedings, censures, fines, penalties, disgorgement and censures, suspension or expulsion from a certain jurisdiction, SRO or market, the revocation or limitation of licenses, the issuance of cease-and-desist orders or injunctions or the suspension or disqualification of the entity and/or its officers, employees or other associated persons. These administrative or court proceedings, whether or not resulting in adverse findings, can require substantial expenditures of time and money and can have an adverse impact on a firm's reputation.

          The regulatory environment in which we operate our business is subject to constant change. Our business, financial condition and operating results may be adversely affected as a result of new or revised legislation or regulations imposed by the U.S. Congress, foreign legislative bodies, state securities regulators, U.S. and foreign governmental regulatory bodies and SROs. Additional regulations, changes in existing laws and rules, or changes in interpretations or enforcement of

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existing laws and rules often directly affect the method of operation and profitability of regulated broker-dealers. We cannot predict what effect, if any, such changes might have. However, there have been in the past, and could be in the future, significant technological, operational and compliance costs associated with the obligations which derive from compliance with such regulations.

          On July 21, 2010, the Dodd-Frank Act was enacted in the U.S. Implementation of the Dodd-Frank Act will be accomplished through extensive rulemaking by the SEC and other governmental agencies. The Dodd-Frank Act includes the "Volcker Rule," which significantly limits the ability of banks to engage in proprietary trading including market making activities, and Title VII, which provides a framework for the regulation of the swap markets. The Dodd-Frank Act also mandates the preparation of studies on a wide range of issues. These studies could lead to additional regulatory changes. At this time, it is difficult to assess the impact that the Dodd-Frank Act will have on us and on the financial services industry.

          We have foreign subsidiaries and plan to continue to expand our international presence. The market making industry in many foreign countries is heavily regulated, much like in the U.S. The varying compliance requirements of these different regulatory jurisdictions and other factors may limit our ability to conduct business or expand internationally. For example, MiFID, which was implemented in November 2007, is now under further review by the European Parliament. MiFID represented one of the more significant changes to take place in the operation of European capital markets. In October 2012, the European Parliament adopted, with amendments, MiFID II/MiFIR. MiFID II/MiFIR will not be finalized until the completion of trialogues among the European Commission, European Parliament and Council of the European Union, which began in the third quarter of 2013. Some broader trends of the proposals address increased transparency and oversight of financial firms, with a focus on high frequency trading, broker dark pools, crossing networks and multilateral trading facilities. For example, the current proposal would require firms like us to conduct all trading on European markets through authorized investment firms. MiFID II/MiFIR will also require certain types of firms, including us, to post firm quotes at competitive prices and will supplement current requirements with regard to investment firms' risk controls related to the safe operation of electronic systems. MiFID II/MiFIR may also impose additional requirements on our trading platforms, such as a minimum order resting time, cancellation fees, circuit breakers and limits on the ratio of unexecuted orders to trades. Each of these proposals may impose technological and compliance costs on us. Any of these laws, rules or regulations, if adopted, as well as any regulatory or legal actions or proceedings, changes in legislation or regulation and changes in market customs and practices could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

          Certain of our subsidiaries are subject to regulatory capital rules of the SEC, FINRA, other SROs and foreign regulators. These rules, which specify minimum capital requirements for our regulated subsidiaries, are designed to measure the general financial integrity and liquidity of a broker-dealer and require that at least a minimum part of its assets be kept in relatively liquid form. Failure to maintain required minimum capital may subject a regulated subsidiary to a requirement to cease conducting business, suspension, revocation of registration or expulsion by applicable regulatory authorities, and ultimately could require the relevant entity's liquidation. See "Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Business — Failure to comply with applicable net capital requirements could subject us to sanctions imposed by the SEC, FINRA and other SROs or regulatory bodies."

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MANAGEMENT

Directors and Executive Officers

          The following table sets forth the names and ages of our executive officers and directors as of the date of this prospectus.

Name
  Age  
Position

Vincent Viola

    57   Founder and Executive Chairman

Douglas A. Cifu

    48   Chief Executive Officer and Director

Christopher Concannon

    46   President and Chief Operating Officer

Joseph Molluso

    44   Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

General John Philip Abizaid (Ret.)

    62   Director

Michael Bingle

    41   Director

Joseph Osnoss

    35   Director

John F. (Jack) Sandner

    72   Director

          Set forth below is a brief biography of each of our executive officers and directors.

          Vincent Viola is the Founder and Executive Chairman of Virtu Financial, Inc. He has served in such capacities since November 2013. In addition, Mr. Viola is the Founder of Virtu Financial and has served as Executive Chairman since             , and prior to that he was the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of Virtu Financial and its predecessors since April 2008. Mr. Viola is one of the nation's foremost leaders in electronic trading. He was the founder of Virtu East in 2008, a founder of Madison Tyler Holdings in 2002 and the former Chairman of the NYMEX. Mr. Viola started his career in the financial services industry on the floor of the NYMEX and became Vice Chairman from 1993 to 1996 and Chairman from 2001 to 2004. Mr. Viola graduated from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point in 1977. He later graduated from the U.S. Army Airborne, Infantry and Ranger Schools and served in the 101st Airborne Division. In 1983, he graduated from the New York Law School. Mr. Viola's extensive business experience in the financial services industry provides the board of directors with valuable knowledge and experience in the electronic trading and market making business. In addition, as our founder, Mr. Viola has successfully led Virtu since its inception and provides the board of directors with valuable insight regarding strategic decisions and the future direction of our Company.

          Douglas A. Cifu is the Chief Executive Officer and a member of the board of directors of Virtu Financial, Inc. He has served in such capacities since November 2013. In addition, Mr. Cifu has been the Chief Executive Officer of Virtu Financial since             , and prior to that he was the President and Chief Operating Officer of Virtu Financial and its predecessors since its founding in April 2008. Mr. Cifu has served on the board of directors of Virtu Financial since its founding in April 2008. Mr. Cifu also serves on the board of directors of Independent Bank Group, Inc., a regional bank holding company. Prior to joining Virtu in 2008, Mr. Cifu was a partner at the international law firm of Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP, where he practiced corporate law from 1990 to 2008. Mr. Cifu completed his J.D. at Columbia Law School in 1990 and received his B.A. from Columbia University in 1987, from which he graduated magna cum laude. Mr. Cifu's experience as a corporate attorney provides us with valuable insight regarding acquisitions, debt financings, equity financings and public markets.

          Christopher Concannon is the President and Chief Operating Officer of Virtu Financial, Inc. and has served in such capacities since November 2013. In addition, Mr. Concannon has been the President and Chief Operating Officer of Virtu Financial since             , and prior to that he was the Executive Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer of Virtu Financial since joining Virtu Financial in May 2009. Prior to joining Virtu, Mr. Concannon spent six years as Executive Vice President of

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the Nasdaq OMX Group, where Mr. Concannon was responsible for overseeing all of Nasdaq OMX's U.S. exchanges, including the Nasdaq Stock Market, Nasdaq BX, and Nasdaq PHLX. Prior to his career at Nasdaq OMX, Mr. Concannon was President of Instinet Clearing Services, Vice President and Associate General Counsel of Island ECN, Inc. Mr. Concannon was also a practicing attorney at Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP from 1997 to 1999 and the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission from 1994 to 1997. Mr. Concannon holds a bachelor's degree from Catholic University, an M.B.A. from St. John's University and a J.D. from Columbus School of Law, Catholic University. Mr. Concannon maintains a license to practice law in New York, and New Jersey as well as Series 7 and 24 licenses.

          Joseph Molluso is the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Virtu Financial, Inc. and has served in such capacities since November 2013. Prior to joining Virtu, Mr. Molluso was a Managing Director in Investment Banking at J.P. Morgan from March 2006 to November 2013, where he provided strategic advice to financial institutions with a focus on market structure related companies. Mr. Molluso started his career as an investment banker specializing in financial services companies in 1997 at Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette and its successor, Credit Suisse, where he helped establish the global financial technology group. Mr. Molluso received his M.B.A. from New York University in 1997 and his B.B.A. from Pace University in 1991.

          General John Philip Abizaid (Ret.) became a member of the board of directors of Virtu Financial, Inc. in             and has been a member of Virtu Financial's board of directors since July 2011. Since 2007, Gen. Abizaid has served as an international business and leadership consultant. Gen. Abizaid retired from the U.S. Army in 2007 after 34 years of service, during which time he rose from an infantry platoon leader to become a four-star general and the longest-serving commander of U.S. Central Command. During his distinguished career, his command assignments ranged from infantry combat to delicate international negotiations. Gen. Abizaid serves as the Distinguished Chair of the Combating Terrorism Center at West Point. He is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and the International Institute for Strategic Studies, and serves as a Director of the George Olmsted Foundation. In addition to serving on our board, Gen. Abizaid serves on the board of directors for USAA, RPM, Inc., Vast Exploration Inc. and the Defense Venture Group. Gen. Abizaid's extensive international, military and governmental experience and previous service on the boards of other companies adds significant value to the board of directors and to our Company.

          Michael Bingle became a member of the board of directors of Virtu Financial, Inc. in              and has been a member of Virtu Financial's board of directors since July 2011. Mr. Bingle is a managing partner and managing director for Silver Lake Partners. Prior to joining Silver Lake in 2000, Mr. Bingle was a principal at Apollo Advisors, L.P., then a large-scale and diversified private equity firm, and previously worked as an investment banker in the Leveraged Finance Group of Goldman, Sachs & Co. In addition to serving on our board of directors, Mr. Bingle serves on the board of directors of Gartner, Inc., Gerson Lehrman Group, Inc., Mercury Payment Systems, LLC, Interactive Data Corporation, IPC Systems, Inc. and on the Annual Fund Executive Committee of Duke University's School of Engineering. He is also a term member of the Council on Foreign Relations. Previously Mr. Bingle was a director of Ameritrade Holding Corp., Datek Online Holdings, Inc. and Instinet, Inc. Mr. Bingle holds a B.S.E. in Biomedical Engineering from Duke University. Mr. Bingle's extensive experience in private equity, technology investing, large-scale mergers and acquisitions and his previous service on the boards of other companies adds significant value to the board of directors.

          Joseph Osnoss became a member of the board of directors of Virtu Financial, Inc. in              and has been a member of Virtu Financial's board of directors since July 2011. Mr. Osnoss is a managing director of Silver Lake, which he joined in 2002. He is currently based in London, where he helps to oversee the firm's activities in Europe, the Middle East and Africa. Mr. Osnoss is a director of Global Blue, Interactive Data Corporation, Mercury Payment Systems, and Sabre

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Holdings, and previously served on the board of Instinet Incorporated. Prior to joining Silver Lake, Mr. Osnoss worked in investment banking at Goldman, Sachs & Co., where he focused on mergers and financings in technology and related industries. Mr. Osnoss graduated summa cum laude from Harvard College with an A.B. in Applied Mathematics-Economics and a citation in French language. He is a Visiting Senior Fellow at the London School of Economics, where he participates in teaching and research activities within the Department of Finance. Mr. Osnoss' extensive experience investing in private equity and serving on the boards of other companies, both domestically and internationally, positions him to contribute meaningfully to our board of directors.

          John F. (Jack) Sandner became a member of the board of directors of Virtu Financial, Inc. in             and has been a member of Virtu Financial's board of directors since November 2011. Mr. Sandner has served as a member of the board of directors of CME Group Inc. since 1978 and a member of CME for more than 30 years. He also served as Special Policy Advisor from 1998 to 2005. Previously, he served as Chairman of the board of CME Group Inc. for 13 years. Mr. Sandner has served as Chairman of E*Trade Futures, LLC since 2003. Mr. Sandner previously served as President and CEO of RB&H Financial Services, L.P., a futures commission merchant and clearing firm, from 1985 to 2003. RB&H Financial Services, L.P. is now a division of MF Global. Mr. Sandner serves as a consultant to RB&H Financial Services, L.P. Mr. Sandner currently serves on the board of the NFA and serves as one of our board representatives on the Dubai Mercantile Exchange. Mr. Sandner currently serves on the board of CME Group Inc. and Echo Global Logistics, Inc. and previously served on the board of Click Commerce Inc. Mr. Sandner's extensive business experience in the electronic market making business and his previous service on the boards of other public companies adds significant value to the board of directors.

Controlled Company

          We have applied to list the shares of Class A common stock offered in this offering on NASDAQ. As the Founder Post-IPO Member will continue to control more than 50% of our combined voting power upon the completion of this offering, we will be considered a "controlled company" for the purposes of NASDAQ rules and corporate governance standards. As a "controlled company," we will be permitted to, and we intend to , elect not to comply with certain NASDAQ corporate governance requirements, including those that would otherwise require our board of directors to have a majority of independent directors and require that we either establish a Compensation and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committees, each comprised entirely of independent directors, or otherwise ensure that the compensation of our executive officers and nominees for directors are determined or recommended to the board of directors by the independent members of the board of directors.

Director Independence

          The board of directors has determined that Messrs.                           ,                           and                           are each "independent directors" as such term is defined by the applicable rules and regulations of NASDAQ.

Board Structure

Composition

          Upon the consummation of the offering, our board of directors will consist of six directors. In accordance with our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and by-laws, the number of directors on our board of directors will be determined from time to time by the board of directors but shall not be less than three persons nor more than 20 persons.

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          Each director is to hold office until his or her successor is duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal. Vacancies and newly created directorships on the board of directors may be filled at any time by the remaining directors. In addition, at any point prior to the occurrence of the Triggering Event (defined as the time at which the Founder Post-IPO Member or any of its affiliates or permitted transferees no longer beneficially own shares representing 25% of our issued and outstanding common stock), vacancies on the board of directors may also be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of our outstanding shares of common stock.

          Pursuant to the Stockholders Agreement that we will enter into with the Founder Post-IPO Member and the Silver Lake Equityholders, the Silver Lake Equityholders will be entitled to nominate one director for election to our board of directors so long as affiliates of Silver Lake Partners continue to own at least 30% of the Class A common stock held by affiliates of Silver Lake Partners immediately prior to this offering (calculated assuming that all of their Virtu Financial Units and corresponding shares of Class C common stock are exchanged for Class A common stock). The Founder Post-IPO Member will agree to vote its shares in favor of the director nominated by the Silver Lake Equityholders in accordance with the terms of the Stockholders Agreement. To the extent that the Silver Lake Equityholders are no longer entitled to nominate a board member pursuant to the Stockholders Agreement, they shall, if requested by our board of directors, cause their nominee to resign, and our board of directors, upon the recommendation of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, will nominate a director to fill such vacancy. See "Principal Stockholders" and "Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions — Stockholders Agreement" for additional information.

          Until the Triggering Event, any director may be removed with or without cause by the affirmative vote of a majority of our outstanding shares of common stock. Thereafter, directors may be removed only for cause by the affirmative vote of at least 75% of our outstanding shares of common stock. At any meeting of the board of directors, except as otherwise required by law, a majority of the total number of directors then in office will constitute a quorum for all purposes.

          Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will provide that the board of directors will be divided into three classes of directors, with staggered three-year terms, with the classes to be as nearly equal in number as possible. As a result, approximately one-third of the board of directors will be elected each year. The classification of directors has the effect of making it more difficult for stockholders to change the composition of the board of directors. In connection with this offering,                           will be designated as Class I directors,                           will be designated as Class II directors and                          will be designated as Class III directors.

Committees of the Board

          Upon the consummation of this offering, our board of directors will have three standing committees: an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee and a Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Under the rules of NASDAQ, the membership of the Audit Committee is required to consist entirely of independent directors, subject to applicable phase-in periods. As a controlled company, we are not required to have fully independent Compensation and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committees. The following is a brief description of our committees.

Audit

          Our Audit Committee assists the board in monitoring the audit of our financial statements, our independent auditors' qualifications and independence, the performance of our audit function and independent auditors and our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements. The Audit Committee has direct responsibility for the appointment, compensation, retention (including

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termination) and oversight of our independent auditors, and our independent auditors report directly to the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee will also review and approve related party transactions as required by the rules of NASDAQ.

          Upon the completion of this offering, Messrs.                           ,                           and                           are expected to be the members of our Audit Committee. The board of directors has determined that Mr.                           qualifies as an "audit committee financial expert" as such term is defined under the rules of the SEC implementing Section 407 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and that each of Mr.                           and Mr.                           are "independent" for purposes of Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act and under the listing standards of NASDAQ. The board of directors has determined that the composition of the Audit Committee satisfies the independence requirements of the SEC and NASDAQ.

Compensation

          Our Compensation Committee reviews and recommends policies relating to compensation and benefits of our directors and employees and is responsible for approving the compensation of our Chief Executive Officer and other executive officers. Our Compensation Committee will also administer the issuance of awards under our 2014 Management Incentive Plan.

          Upon the completion of this offering, Messrs.                           ,                           and                           are expected to be the members of our Compensation Committee. Because we will be a "controlled company" under the rules of NASDAQ, our Compensation Committee is not required to be fully independent, although if such rules change in the future or we no longer meet the definition of a controlled company under the current rules, we will adjust the composition of the Compensation Committee accordingly in order to comply with such rules.

Nominating and Corporate Governance

          Our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee selects or recommends that the board of directors select candidates for election to our board of directors, develops and recommends to the board of directors corporate governance guidelines that are applicable to us and oversees board of director and management evaluations.

          Upon the completion of this offering, Messrs.                           ,                           and                           are expected to be the members of our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Because we will be a "controlled company" under the rules of NASDAQ, our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is not required to be fully independent, although if such rules change in the future or we no longer meet the definition of a controlled company under the current rules, we will adjust the composition of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee accordingly in order to comply with such rules.

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EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Summary Compensation Table

          The following table shows the compensation earned by our principal executive officers for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013 and our three most highly compensated executive officers who were serving as executive officers as of December 31, 2013, whom we refer to collectively as our "named executive officers."

          The principal positions listed in the table refer to the positions of our named executive officers as of December 31, 2013.

Name and Principal Position
  Year   Salary   Bonus   Equity Awards   All Other
Compensation
  Total(1)  

Vincent Viola(2)

    2013                      

Founder and Executive Chairman

    2012                      

Douglas A. Cifu(2)

   
2013
 
$

1,000,000
   
   
   
 
$

1,000,000
 

Chief Executive Officer

    2012   $ 1,000,000               $ 1,000,000  

Christopher Concannon

   
2013
 
$

500,000
   
   
   
 
$

500,000
 

President and Chief Operating Officer

    2012   $ 500,000               $ 500,000  

Joseph Molluso

   
2013
 
$

76,293
   
975,000

(3)

$

3,209,919

(4)
 
 
$

4,261,212
 

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

                                     

(1)
All amounts set forth in this table were paid by Virtu Financial. The Company has not paid or provided the named executive officers with any compensation prior to this offering.

(2)
Mr. Cifu became our Chief Executive Officer as of October, 17, 2013 and will become Virtu Financial's Chief Executive Officer upon the completion of this offering. Mr. Viola served as our Chief Executive Officer prior to October 17, 2013.

(3)
The amount reported in this column represents a one-time starting bonus of $600,000 and a year-end cash bonus of $375,000.

(4)
The amount reported in this column reflects the grant date fair value calculated in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718 with respect to (i) the grant of Class A-2 profits interests in Virtu Employee Holdco granted on November 4, 2013, which vest on each of the first four anniversaries of the date of grant, and (ii) the grant of fully vested Class A-2 profits interests in Virtu Employee Holdco granted on December 31, 2013. Assumptions used in calculating this amount are described in Note 15 of the Company's audited financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012.

          Since our inception, Mr. Viola has not received any salary, bonus or other cash or equity compensation, and neither Mr. Cifu nor Mr. Concannon has received any cash bonus compensation. Each of Messrs. Cifu, Concannon and Molluso and affiliates of Mr. Viola have received, and will continue to receive, distributions in respect of their direct and indirect equity holdings in Virtu Financial.

Employment Agreements and Restrictive Covenant Agreements

          In connection with this offering, we intend to enter into employment agreements with Messrs. Viola and Cifu that will provide for the grant of equity compensation in us as compensation for the services they will provide to us. All of our named executive officers will be subject to the non-compete and non-solicitation provisions to be included in the Amended and Restated Virtu Financial LLC Agreement discussed under "Certain Relationship and Related Party Transactions—Amended and Restated Virtu Financial Limited Liability Company Agreement."

Existing Employment Agreement with Mr. Concannon

          Virtu East entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Concannon on May 18, 2009 for an initial term of three years with automatic renewals for successive one-year terms thereafter unless either Virtu East or Mr. Concannon provides notice of non-renewal at least sixty days in advance of

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the expiration of the then-current term. The employment agreement provides for a compensation payment of $41,666 per month and eligibility to earn an annual cash bonus based on Mr. Concannon's performance, determined at the sole discretion of the managing member of Virtu East (and, if awarded, not to be less than $500,000). Mr. Concannon is eligible to participate in all employee benefit programs of Virtu East and is entitled to four weeks of vacation per year.

          Mr. Concannon's employment agreement contains covenants not to engage in any business that competes with Virtu East, its subsidiaries or its affiliates and not to solicit or hire any employees or consultants of Virtu East, its subsidiaries or its affiliates during his employment and for a period of 24 months thereafter. He is also subject to confidentiality and non-disparagement restrictions. The employment agreement provides for severance upon certain terminations of employment as described below under "Potential Payments Upon Termination of Employment or Change in Control."

Existing Employment Agreement with Mr. Molluso

          Virtu East entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Molluso on August 7, 2013 on an "at will" employment basis. The employment agreement provides for a salary of $500,000 per year and a starting bonus of $600,000 (which must be repaid upon a termination for "cause," certain violations of his restrictive covenants or his voluntary termination on or prior to September 9, 2014 without the occurrence of a Viola and Cifu Exit (as defined below)). In addition, the employment agreement provides for eligibility to earn an annual cash bonus, as determined at the sole discretion of Virtu East; provided that, for the years ending December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2014, Mr. Molluso is guaranteed a minimum bonus of $750,000 and $1,000,000, respectively. The employment agreement also provides for a grant of Class A-2 profits interests in Virtu Employee Holdco (based on a deemed indirect capital contribution to Virtu Financial of $6,000,000 and the most recent valuation of Virtu Financial). Mr. Molluso is eligible to participate in all benefit programs of Virtu East available to similarly situated employees.

          In connection with his employment agreement, Mr. Molluso entered into a restrictive covenant agreement which provides that he will not engage in any business that competes with Virtu East, its subsidiaries or its affiliates, and he will not solicit or hire employees, consultants or members of Virtu East, its subsidiaries or its affiliates during his employment and for a period of three years thereafter. He is also subject to confidentiality and non-disparagement restrictions. The employment agreement provides for severance upon certain terminations of employment as described below under "Potential Payments Upon Termination of Employment or Change in Control."

Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year End

          The following tables provide information about the outstanding equity awards held by our named executive officers as of December 31, 2013. Mr. Viola does hold any outstanding equity awards.

Class B Interests

Name
  Grant Date   Unvested Class B
Interest Percentage(1)
  Market Value of Unvested
Class B Interests(2)

Douglas A. Cifu

  July 8, 2011   0.50%   $3,072,089

Christopher Concannon

  July 8, 2011     0.60%   $3,687,371

(1)
As of December 31, 2013, the unvested Class B interests were scheduled to vest in equal installments on each of the first four anniversaries of the grant date, subject to (i) continued

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    employment on each annual vesting date and (ii) the consummation of a sale transaction meeting specified criteria or an initial public offering.

(2)
There was no public market for the Class B interests as of December 31, 2013, and thus the market value reflected in the table above is based on the total fair market value after marketability discounts of the capital proceeds attributable to all such Class B interests having a threshold of $1.229 billion as of such date.

          In connection with the Madison Tyler Transactions, on July 8, 2011, Messrs. Cifu and Concannon were each awarded equity-based interests in Virtu Financial, which allow them to share in the future appreciation of Virtu Financial, subject to two vesting conditions: time-based vesting (based on continued employment) and transaction-based vesting (based on the occurrence of certain corporate events), as described in more detail below. These equity-based interests are designed to provide an opportunity for long-term incentive compensation in order to motivate Messrs. Cifu and Concannon and reward them for growth in our equity value.

          The equity interests were granted pursuant to the Existing Equity Incentive Plan in the form of profits interests, called Class B interests. Each Class B interest represents an equity interest in Virtu Financial that, in a sale or other specified capital transaction, entitles the holder to a percentage of the profits and appreciation in the equity value of Virtu Financial arising after the date of grant. Mr. Concannon's and Mr. Cifu's awarded Class B interests represent 0.6% and 0.5% of such profits and appreciation in equity value, respectively. The awards were structured so that if Virtu Financial's equity value were to appreciate, the executive would share in a specified percentage of the profits and equity value appreciation from the date of grant solely with respect to the vested portion of the executive's Class B interests. If Virtu Financial's equity value had not appreciated in value or decreased in value after the date of grant, then the Class B interests would have no value.

          These awards also provide a retention tool because the Class B interests vest over a four-year period, subject to the named executive officer's continued employment on each annual vesting date. Further, to incentivize Messrs. Cifu and Concannon to work towards certain corporate objectives, the Class B interests vest only if Virtu Financial consummates a sale transaction meeting specified criteria or an initial public offering. In addition, by accepting an award of Class B interests, the Existing Equity Incentive Plan imposes non-competition and non-solicitation restrictions on the named executive officer so that his Class B interests are subject to forfeiture if he violates those restrictions.

Class A-2 Profits Interests

Name
  Grant Date   Unvested Class A-2
Profits Interests
  Market Value of Unvested
Class A-2 Profits Interests(2)

Joseph Molluso

  November 4, 2013   411,939 (1) $3,021,100

(1)
As of December 31, 2013, Mr. Molluso's Class A-2 profits interests were 100% unvested and scheduled to vest in four equal installments on November 4, 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017, subject to continued employment on each annual vesting date.

(2)
There was no public market for the Class A-2 profits interests as of December 31, 2013, and thus the market value reflected in the table above is based on the total fair market value after marketability discounts attributable to all Class A-2 profits interests having a threshold of $1.873 billion as of such date.

          On November 4, 2013, Mr. Molluso was awarded an equity-based interest in Virtu Employee Holdco (which in turn holds an interest in Virtu Financial) that allows him to share in distributions and the future appreciation of Virtu Financial, subject to time-based vesting (based on continued employment) as described in more detail below. These equity-based interests are designed to

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provide an opportunity for long-term incentive compensation in order to motivate Mr. Molluso and reward him for growth in our equity value.

          The equity interests were granted pursuant to the Virtu Employee Holdco Limited Liability Company Agreement in the form of Class A-2 profits interests. Each Class A-2 profits interest of Virtu Employee Holdco corresponds to a Class A-2 profits interest in Virtu Financial and entitles the holder to a percentage of distributions of available cash flow and, in connection with a sale or other specified capital transaction of Virtu Financial, a percentage of the proceeds of such sale or capital transaction, subject to satisfying certain valuation hurdles determined by Virtu Financial at the time of the grant.

          This award provides a retention tool because the Class A-2 profits interests vest over a four-year period, subject to Mr. Molluso's continued employment on each annual vesting date. In addition, by accepting an award of Class A-2 profits interests, the Virtu Employee Holdco Limited Liability Company Agreement imposes non-competition and non-solicitation restrictions on Mr. Molluso so that his Class A-2 profits interests are subject to forfeiture if he violates those restrictions.

          Prior to the consummation of this offering, all of Virtu Financial's outstanding Class B interests and Class A-2 profits interests will be reclassified into vested and unvested Virtu Financial Units based on a hypothetical liquidation of Virtu Financial and the initial public offering price per share of our Class A common stock in this offering. In addition, all of Virtu Employee Holdco's Class A-2 profits interests will be reclassified into common units of Virtu Employee Holdco. The unvested Virtu Financial Units shall vest following the offering based on the current time-based vesting schedule of the outstanding unvested Class B interests or Class A-2 profits interests from which they were reclassified. Upon termination of employment, all unvested Virtu Financial Units will be forfeited and any vested Virtu Financial Units will be subject to repurchase by us. Both the vested and unvested Virtu Financial Units will be entitled to receive distributions, if any, from Virtu Financial except that unvested Virtu Financial Units will no longer be entitled to any such distributions upon forfeiture. If any unvested Virtu Financial Units are forfeited, they will be cancelled by Virtu Financial for no consideration (and we will cancel the related shares of Class C common stock described below for no consideration). The vesting and other terms applicable to such Virtu Financial Units will be set forth in definitive documentation to be entered into immediately prior to the completion of this offering. In connection with the reorganization transactions and this offering, members of management who receive Virtu Financial Units directly, and Virtu Employee Holdco on behalf of members of management who receive Virtu Financial Units indirectly, will also subscribe for a number of shares of our Class C common stock equal to the number of Virtu Financial Units they receive. Each share of Class C common stock paired with a Virtu Financial Unit will be vested or unvested to the same extent as the Virtu Financial Unit with which it is paired. There are no voting rights associated with the Virtu Financial Units, whether vested or unvested, but each share of Class C common stock will carry one vote, including both vested and unvested shares of Class C common stock. Vested Virtu Financial Units (along with the corresponding shares of our Class C common stock) may be exchanged for shares of Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis.

Potential Payments Upon Termination of Employment or Change in Control

Severance Benefits

          As of December 31, 2013, Messrs. Viola and Cifu were not entitled to any payments in connection with the termination of their employment.

          Christopher Concannon.    If Mr. Concannon is terminated by Virtu East without "cause" or resigns for "good reason," pursuant to his employment agreement he is entitled to a lump sum payment of an amount equal to 12 months of monthly compensation payments.

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          Resignation by Mr. Concannon for "good reason" generally means: (i) any change in his duties or responsibilities (including reporting responsibilities) that is inconsistent in any material and adverse respect with his position, duties or responsibilities (including any material and adverse diminution of such duties or responsibilities); (ii) any failure by Virtu East to comply with the compensation provisions of his employment agreement; (iii) any failure by Virtu East to comply with the business expense provisions of his employment agreement; (iv) any failure by a successor to all or substantially all of Virtu East's assets to assume Virtu East's obligations under his employment agreement either contractually or by operation of law as of the date of the closing of the transaction pursuant to which such succession occurs; provided that a termination for good reason shall be effective only if (x) Mr. Concannon provides written notice of the event(s) giving rise to good reason within 60 days following the date he learned of such event and (y) within 30 days following the delivery of such notice, Virtu East has failed to cure the circumstances giving rise to good reason.

          Termination of Mr. Concannon's employment for "cause" generally means his: (i) conviction of, or entry of a pleading of guilty or no contest, to a felony or any lesser crime of which fraud or dishonesty involving Virtu East is a material element; (ii) willful and continued failure to substantially perform his duties, or a willful failure to follow the lawful direction of the managing member, in either case, after the managing member delivers a written demand for substantial performance and Mr. Concannon neglects to cure such a failure within 10 days after receipt of such notice (iii) material, knowing and intentional failure to comply with applicable laws with respect to the execution of Virtu East's business operation or his material breach of the restrictive covenants of his agreement; (iv) theft, fraud, embezzlement, dishonesty or similar conduct which has resulted or is likely to result in material damage to Virtu East or any of its affiliates or subsidiaries; or (v) habitual intoxication or use of illegal drugs, in each case, which materially interferes with his ability to perform his assigned duties and responsibilities; provided that, in the case of clauses (ii), (iii), (iv) or (v), cause shall not exist unless he is given written notice of the events or acts or omissions giving rise to a termination for cause, and in the case of clause (iii), ten days to cure the same.

          Joseph Molluso.    If, prior to December 31, 2014, Mr. Molluso is terminated by Virtu East without "cause" or resigns at a time when neither Mr. Viola nor Mr. Cifu are serving as chairman, chief executive officer or president of Virtu Financial or any successor entity (a "Viola and Cifu Exit"), Mr. Molluso is entitled to severance in an aggregate amount not less than one year of base salary and any guaranteed bonus not yet paid as of the termination date, payable in cash in equal quarterly installments over the period ending on the third anniversary of Mr. Molluso's termination. In addition, all of Mr. Molusso's outstanding unvested Class A-2 profits interests will become 100% vested upon a termination without "cause" or upon a Viola and Cifu Exit.

          Termination of Mr. Molluso's employment for "cause" generally means his (i) gross negligence or willful misconduct in the performance of his duties; (ii) conviction of, or plea of guilty or nolo contendere to, a felony; (iii) willful material breach of a material provision of his employment agreement; or (iv) fraud or misappropriation, embezzlement of funds or property belonging to Virtu East (or Virtu Financial, in the case of his Class A-2 profits interests), subject to up to a 15-day period to cure such breach or failure if susceptible to cure.

Change in Control Benefits

          All of Mr. Molluso's outstanding unvested Class A-2 profits interests will become 100% vested upon a "change in control." A change in control generally means (i) prior to an initial public offering of Virtu Financial or any of its subsidiaries or parents (the "IPO Entity"), Mr. Viola and certain of his affiliates fail to own equity interests representing a majority of the "available cash flow percentage" (as defined in the Amended and Restated Virtu Financial LLC Agreement) attributable to all issued and outstanding equity interests of Virtu Financial, and (ii) following an initial public offering, the acquisition of ownership by any person or group (other than Mr. Viola, his affiliates,

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certain affiliates of Silver Lake Partners or any of their respective permitted transferees) of equity interests representing 40% or more of the aggregate ordinary voting power of the IPO Entity, and the percentage of such aggregate ordinary voting power is greater than the aggregate voting power of Mr. Viola, his affiliates, certain affiliates of Silver Lake Partners and their respective permitted transferees.

Calculations of Benefits to Which Executive Would Be Entitled

          Assuming each named executive officer's termination of employment occurred on December 31, 2013 or a change in control occurred on December 31, 2013, the dollar value of the payments and other benefits to be provided to each of the named executive officers are estimated in the table below.

Named Executive Officer
  Termination
Without Cause
  Termination
for Good Reason
  Termination
Following a Viola
and Cifu Exit
  Change in
Control
 

Vincent Viola

                         

Salary Payment

                 

Bonus Payment

                 

Equity Award

                 

Douglas A. Cifu

                         

Salary Payment

                 

Bonus Payment

                 

Equity Award

                 

Christopher Concannon

                         

Salary Payment

  $ 499,992 (1) $ 499,992 (1)        

Bonus Payment

                 

Equity Award

                 

Joseph Molluso

                         

Salary Payment

  $ 500,000 (2)     $ 500,000 (2)    

Bonus Payment

  $ 1,000,000 (3)     $ 1,000,000 (3)    

Equity Award

  $ 3,021,100 (4)     $ 3,021,100 (4) $ 3,021,100 (4)

(1)
Amount represents 12 months of Mr. Concannon's monthly compensation.

(2)
Amount represents one year of Mr. Molluso's base salary.

(3)
Amount represents the payment of Mr. Molluso's guaranteed bonus for the year ending December 31, 2014, assuming that the guaranteed bonus of $750,000 for the year ended December 31, 2013 was already paid.

(4)
Amount represents the value of Mr. Molluso's Class A-2 profits interests as of December 31, 2013.

Compensation of our Directors

          We pay our independent directors $2,500 per board meeting attended. Additionally, we have engaged Mr. Abizaid to provide leadership consulting services from time to time for specified projects globally, and Mr. Abizaid has provided these services in each of four global offices to all of our employees. We compensate Mr. Abizaid at a base rate of $5,000 per day for such services and also reimburse him for travel and other expenses incurred in connection with these engagements.

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          The following table sets forth compensation earned by our directors during the year ended December 31, 2013.

Name
  Fees Earned or
Paid in Cash
  Equity
Awards(1)
  All Other
Compensation
  Total  

John P. Abizaid

  $ 5,000       $ 204,500 (2) $ 209,500  

Michael Bingle

                 

Douglas A. Cifu

                 

John F. Sandner

  $ 5,000           $ 5,000  

Joseph Osnoss

                 

Vincent Viola

                 

(1)
As of December 31, 2013, Messrs. Abizaid and Sander held 2,563.62 and 2,563.62 Class A-2 profits interests in Virtu Employee Holdco, respectively. For outstanding equity awards held by Mr. Cifu, please see "Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year End" above.

(2)
Represents fees paid to Mr. Abizaid pursuant to his consulting arrangement.

IPO Equity Grants

          In connection with this offering, we intend to grant awards for an aggregate of                          shares of Class B common stock to Mr. Viola under the 2014 Management Incentive Plan described below and                          shares of Class A common stock to our named executive officers other than Mr. Viola. The awards will consist of (i) stock options for                          shares of Class B common stock in the aggregate and                          shares of Class A common stock in the aggregate at an exercise price equal to the initial public offering price, which will expire on the tenth anniversary of the date of grant, and (ii) restricted stock units representing the right to receive                           shares of Class B common stock in the aggregate and                          shares of Class A common stock in the aggregate. Mr. Viola will be granted                           options and                          restricted stock units, Mr. Cifu will be granted                          options and                          restricted stock units, Mr. Concannon will be granted                           options and                          restricted stock units. The options and the restricted stock units will be subject to both time-based and performance-based vesting conditions. They will generally vest in                          equal installments of         % on each of the first                          anniversaries of the date of grant, subject to continued employment on the applicable vesting date and satisfaction of the performance condition. The performance condition will be satisfied if                          . The options and restricted stock units shall otherwise be on terms consistent with the 2014 Management Incentive Plan described below.

2014 Management Incentive Plan

          Our board of directors and stockholders plan to adopt the Virtu Financial 2014 Management Incentive Plan, which we refer to as the 2014 Management Incentive Plan, to become effective upon consummation of this offering. The following is a summary of certain terms and conditions of the 2014 Management Incentive Plan. This summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the 2014 Management Incentive Plan attached as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. You are encouraged to read the full 2014 Management Incentive Plan.

          Administration.    The Compensation Committee (or subcommittee thereof, if necessary for Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code (the "Code")) will administer the 2014 Management Incentive Plan. The Compensation Committee will have the authority to determine the terms and conditions of any agreements evidencing any awards granted under the 2014 Management Incentive Plan and to adopt, alter and repeal rules, guidelines and practices relating to the 2014 Management Incentive Plan. The Compensation Committee will have full discretion to administer

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and interpret the 2014 Management Incentive Plan and to adopt such rules, regulations and procedures as it deems necessary or advisable and to determine, among other things, the time or times at which the awards may be exercised and whether and under what circumstances an award may be exercised.

          Eligibility.    Any current or prospective employees, directors, officers, consultants or advisors of our Company or its affiliates who are selected by the Compensation Committee will be eligible for awards under the 2014 Management Incentive Plan. The Compensation Committee will have the sole and complete authority to determine who will be granted an award under the 2014 Management Incentive Plan.

          Number of Shares Authorized.    The 2014 Management Incentive Plan provides for an aggregate of                          shares of our Class A common stock and                          shares of Class B common stock. No more than                          shares of our Class A common stock and no more than                          shares of our Class B common stock may be issued with respect to incentive stock options under the 2014 Management Incentive Plan. No participant may be granted awards of options and stock appreciation rights with respect to more than                          shares of our Class A common stock or                          shares of our Class B common stock in any 12-month period. No more than                          shares of our Class A common stock and no more than                          shares of our Class B common stock may be granted under the 2014 Management Incentive Plan with respect to any performance compensation awards to any participant during a performance period (or with respect to each year if the performance period is more than one year). The maximum amount payable to any participant under the 2014 Management Incentive Plan for any single year during a performance period for a cash denominated award is $             (with respect to each year if the performance period is more than one year). Shares of our Class A common stock and our Class B common stock subject to awards are generally unavailable for future grant; provided that in no event shall such shares increase the number of shares of our Class A common stock or Class B common stock that may be delivered pursuant to incentive stock options granted under the 2014 Management Incentive Plan. If any award granted under the 2014 Management Incentive Plan expires, terminates, is canceled or forfeited without being settled or exercised, or if a stock appreciation right is settled in cash or otherwise without the issuance of shares, shares of our Class A common or our Class B common stock subject to such award will again be made available for future grant. In addition, if any shares are surrendered or tendered to pay the exercise price of an award or to satisfy withholding taxes owed, such shares will again be available for grant under the 2014 Management Incentive Plan.

          Change in Capitalization.    If there is a change in our Company's corporate capitalization in the event of a stock or extraordinary cash dividend, recapitalization, stock split, reverse stock split, reorganization, merger, consolidation, split-up, split-off, spin-off, combination, repurchase or exchange of shares of our Class A common stock or Class B common stock or other relevant change in capitalization or applicable law or circumstances, such that the Compensation Committee determines that an adjustment to the terms of the 2014 Management Incentive Plan (or awards thereunder) is necessary or appropriate, then the Compensation Committee may make adjustments in a manner that it deems equitable. Such adjustments may be to the number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2014 Management Incentive Plan, the number of shares covered by awards then outstanding under the 2014 Management Incentive Plan, the limitations on awards under the 2014 Management Incentive Plan, the exercise price of outstanding options and such other equitable substitution or adjustments as it may determine appropriate.

          Awards Available for Grant.    The Compensation Committee may grant awards of non-qualified stock options, incentive (qualified) stock options, stock appreciation rights ("SARs"), restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, other stock-based awards, performance compensation awards (including cash bonus awards), other cash-based awards or any combination of the foregoing.

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Awards may be granted under the 2014 Management Incentive Plan in assumption of, or in substitution for, outstanding awards previously granted by an entity acquired by our Company or with which our Company combines (which are referred to herein as "Substitute Awards").

          Stock Options.    The Compensation Committee will be authorized to grant options to purchase shares of our Class A common stock or Class B common stock that are either "qualified," meaning they are intended to satisfy the requirements of Section 422 of the Code for incentive stock options, or "non-qualified," meaning they are not intended to satisfy the requirements of Section 422 of the Code. All options granted under the 2014 Management Incentive Plan shall be non-qualified unless the applicable award agreement expressly states that the option is intended to be an "incentive stock option." Options granted under the 2014 Management Incentive Plan will be subject to the terms and conditions established by the Compensation Committee. Under the terms of the 2014 Management Incentive Plan, the exercise price of the options will not be less than the fair market value of our Class A common stock or Class B common stock (as applicable) at the time of grant (except with respect to Substitute Awards). Options granted under the 2014 Management Incentive Plan will be subject to such terms, including the exercise price and the conditions and timing of exercise, as may be determined by the Compensation Committee and specified in the applicable award agreement. The maximum term of an option granted under the 2014 Management Incentive Plan will be ten years from the date of grant (or five years in the case of a qualified option granted to a 10% shareholder), provided that, if the term of a non-qualified option would expire at a time when trading in the shares of our Class A common stock or Class B common stock (as applicable) is prohibited by our Company's insider trading policy, the option's term shall be automatically extended until the 30th day following the expiration of such prohibition (as long as such extension shall not violate Section 409A of the Code). Payment in respect of the exercise of an option may be made in cash, by check, by cash equivalent and/or shares of our Class A common stock or Class B common stock (as applicable) valued at the fair market value at the time the option is exercised (provided that such shares are not subject to any pledge or other security interest), or by such other method as the Compensation Committee may permit in its sole discretion, including: (i) in other property having a fair market value equal to the exercise price and all applicable required withholding taxes, (ii) if there is a public market for the shares of our Class A common stock or Class B common stock (as applicable) at such time, by means of a broker-assisted cashless exercise mechanism or (iii) by means of a "net exercise" procedure effected by withholding the minimum number of shares otherwise deliverable in respect of an option that are needed to pay the exercise price and all applicable required withholding taxes. Any fractional shares of Class A common stock or Class B common stock will be settled in cash.

          Stock Appreciation Rights.    The Compensation Committee will be authorized to award SARs under the 2014 Management Incentive Plan. SARs will be subject to the terms and conditions established by the Compensation Committee. A SAR is a contractual right that allows a participant to receive, either in the form of cash, shares or any combination of cash and shares, the appreciation, if any, in the value of a share over a certain period of time. An option granted under the 2014 Management Incentive Plan may include SARs and SARs may also be awarded to a participant independent of the grant of an option. SARs granted in connection with an option shall be subject to terms similar to the option corresponding to such SARs, including with respect to vesting and expiration. Except as otherwise provided by the Compensation Committee (in the case of Substitute Awards or SARs granted in tandem with previously granted options), the strike price per share of our Class A common stock or our Class B common stock (as applicable) for each SAR shall not be less than 100% of the fair market value of such share, determined as of the date of grant. The remaining terms of the SARs shall be established by the Compensation Committee and reflected in the award agreement.

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          Restricted Stock.    The Compensation Committee will be authorized to grant restricted stock under the 2014 Management Incentive Plan, which will be subject to the terms and conditions established by the Compensation Committee. Restricted stock is Class A common stock or Class B common stock that generally is non-transferable and is subject to other restrictions determined by the Compensation Committee for a specified period. Any accumulated dividends will be payable at the same time as the underlying restricted stock vests.

          Restricted Stock Unit Awards.    The Compensation Committee will be authorized to award restricted stock unit awards, which will be subject to the terms and conditions established by the Compensation Committee. A restricted stock unit award, once vested, may be settled in common shares equal to the number of units earned, or in cash equal to the fair market value of the number of vested shares, at the election of the Compensation Committee. Restricted stock units may be settled at the expiration of the period over which the units are to be earned or at a later date selected by the Compensation Committee. To the extent provided in an award agreement, the holder of outstanding restricted stock units shall be entitled to be credited with dividend equivalent payments upon the payment by our Company of dividends on shares of our Class A common stock or Class B common stock, either in cash or (at the sole discretion of the Compensation Committee) in shares of our Class A common stock or Class B common stock (as applicable) having a fair market value equal to the amount of such dividends, and interest may, at the sole discretion of the Compensation Committee, be credited on the amount of cash dividend equivalents at a rate and subject to such terms as determined by the Compensation Committee, which accumulated dividend equivalents (and interest thereon, if applicable) shall be payable at the same time as the underlying restricted stock units are settled.

          Other Stock-Based Awards.    The Compensation Committee will be authorized to grant awards of unrestricted shares of our Class A common stock or Class B common stock, rights to receive grants of awards at a future date, or other awards denominated in shares of our Class A common stock or Class B common stock under such terms and conditions as the Compensation Committee may determine and as set forth in the applicable award agreement.

          Performance Compensation Awards.    The Compensation Committee may grant any award under the 2014 Management Incentive Plan in the form of a "Performance Compensation Award" (including cash bonuses) intended to qualify as performance-based compensation for purposes of Section 162(m) of the Code by conditioning the number of shares earned or vested, or any payout, under the award on the satisfaction of certain "Performance Goals." The Compensation Committee may establish these Performance Goals with reference to one or more of the following:

    net earnings or net income (before or after taxes);

    basic or diluted earnings per share (before or after taxes);

    net revenue or net revenue growth;

    gross revenue or gross revenue growth, gross profit or gross profit growth;

    net operating profit (before or after taxes);

    return measures (including, but not limited to, return on investment, assets, capital, gross revenue or gross revenue growth, invested capital, equity or sales);

    cash flow measures (including, but not limited to, operating cash flow, free cash flow and cash flow return on capital), which may but are not required to be measured on a per-share basis;

    earnings before or after taxes, interest, depreciation, and amortization (including EBIT and EBITDA);

    gross or net operating margins;

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    productivity ratios;

    share price (including, but not limited to, growth measures and total shareholder return;

    expense targets or cost reduction goals, general and administrative expense savings;

    operating efficiency;

    objective measures of customer satisfaction;

    working capital targets;

    measures of economic value added or other "value creation" metrics;

    enterprise value;

    stockholder return;

    client retention;

    competitive market metrics;

    employee retention;

    objective measures of personal targets, goals or completion of projects (including but not limited to succession and hiring projects, completion of specific acquisitions, reorganizations or other corporate transactions or capital-raising transactions, expansions of specific business operations and meeting divisional or project budgets);

    system-wide revenues;

    cost of capital, debt leverage year-end cash position or book value;

    strategic objectives, development of new product lines and related revenue, sales and margin targets, or international operations; or

    any combination of the foregoing.

          Any of the above Performance Goal elements can be stated as a percentage of another Performance Goal or used on an absolute, relative or adjusted basis to measure the performance of our Company and/or its affiliates or any divisions, operation or business units, product lines, asset classes, brands, administrative departments or combination thereof, as the Compensation Committee deems appropriate. Performance Goals may be compared to the performance of a group of comparator companies or a published or special index that the Compensation Committee deems appropriate or, stock market indices. The Compensation Committee may provide for accelerated vesting of any award based on the achievement of Performance Goals. Any award that is intended to qualify as "performance-based compensation" under Section 162(m) of the Code will be granted, and Performance Goals for such an award will be established, by the Compensation Committee in writing not later than 90 days after the commencement of the performance period to which the Performance Goals relate, or such other period required under Section 162(m) of the Code. Before any payment is made in connection with any award intended to qualify as performance-based compensation under Section 162(m) of the Code, the Compensation Committee must certify in writing that the Performance Goals established with respect to such award have been achieved. In determining the actual amount of an individual participant's Performance Compensation Award for a performance period, the Compensation Committee may reduce or eliminate the amount of the Performance Compensation Award earned consistent with Section 162(m) of the Code.

          The Compensation Committee may also specify adjustments or modifications (to the extent it would not result in adverse results under Section 162(m) of the Code) to be made to the calculation of a Performance Goal for such performance period, based on and in order to appropriately reflect the following events: (i) asset write-downs; (ii) litigation or claim judgments or settlements; (iii) the

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effect of changes in tax laws, accounting principles, or other laws or regulatory rules affecting reported results; (iv) any reorganization and restructuring programs; (v) extraordinary nonrecurring items and/or in management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations appearing in our Company's annual report to shareholders for the applicable year; (vi) acquisitions or divestitures; (vii) any other specific, unusual or nonrecurring events, or objectively determinable category thereof; (viii) foreign exchange gains and losses; (ix) discontinued operations and nonrecurring charges; and (x) a change in our Company's fiscal year.

          Unless otherwise provided in the applicable award agreement, a participant shall be eligible to receive payment in respect of a performance compensation award only to the extent that (I) the Performance Goals for such period are achieved; and (II) all or some of the portion of such participant's performance compensation award has been earned for the performance period based on the application of the "Performance Formula" (as defined in the 2014 Management Incentive Plan) to such Performance Goals.

          Effect of a Change in Control.    Unless otherwise provided in an award agreement, or any applicable employment, consulting, change in control, severance or other agreement between a participant and our Company, in the event of a change of control, if a participant's employment or service is terminated by our Company other than for cause (and other than due to death or disability) within the 12-month period following a change in control, then (i) all then-outstanding options and SARs will become immediately exercisable as of such participant's date of termination with respect to all of the shares subject to such option or SAR; (ii) the restricted period shall expire as of such participant's date of termination with respect to all of the then-outstanding shares of restricted stock or restricted stock units (including without limitation a waiver of any applicable Performance Goals); provided that any award whose vesting or exercisability is otherwise subject to the achievement of performance conditions, the portion of such award that shall become fully vested and immediately exercisable shall be based on the assumed achievement of target performance as determined by the Compensation Committee and prorated for the number of days elapsed from the grant date of such award through the date of termination. In addition, the Compensation Committee may in its discretion and upon at least ten days' notice to the affected persons, cancel any outstanding award and pay the holders, in cash, securities or other property (including of the acquiring or successor company), or any combination thereof, the value of such awards based upon the price per share of the Company's common stock received or to be received by other shareholders of the Company in the event. Notwithstanding the above, the Compensation Committee shall exercise such discretion over any award subject to Section 409A of the Code at the time such award is granted.

          Nontransferability.    Each award may be exercised during the participant's lifetime by the participant or, if permissible under applicable law, by the participant's guardian or legal representative. No award may be assigned, alienated, pledged, attached, sold or otherwise transferred or encumbered by a participant other than by will or by the laws of descent and distribution unless the Compensation Committee permits the award to be transferred to a permitted transferee (as defined in the 2014 Management Incentive Plan).

          Amendment.    The 2014 Management Incentive Plan will have a term of ten years. The board of directors may amend, suspend or terminate the 2014 Management Incentive Plan at any time, subject to stockholder approval if necessary to comply with any tax, NASDAQ or other applicable regulatory requirement. No amendment, suspension or termination will materially and adversely affect the rights of any participant or recipient of any award without the consent of the participant or recipient.

          The Compensation Committee may, to the extent consistent with the terms of any applicable award agreement, waive any conditions or rights under, amend any terms of, or alter, suspend, discontinue, cancel or terminate, any award theretofore granted or the associated award

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agreement, prospectively or retroactively; provided that any such waiver, amendment, alteration, suspension, discontinuance, cancellation or termination that would materially and adversely affect the rights of any participant or any holder or beneficiary of any option theretofore granted will not to that extent be effective without the consent of the affected participant, holder or beneficiary; and provided further that, without stockholder approval, (i) no amendment or modification may reduce the option price of any option or the strike price of any SAR, (ii) the Compensation Committee may not cancel any outstanding option and replace it with a new option (with a lower exercise price) or cancel any SAR and replace it with a new SAR (with a lower strike price) or other award or cash in a manner that would be treated as a repricing (for compensation disclosure or accounting purposes), and (iii) the Compensation Committee may not take any other action considered a repricing for purposes of the shareholder approval rules of the applicable securities exchange on which our common shares are listed. However, stockholder approval is not required with respect to clauses (i), (ii), and (iii) above with respect to certain adjustments on changes in capitalization. In addition, none of the requirements described in the preceding clauses (i), (ii), and (iii) can be amended without the approval of our stockholders.

U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences

          The following is a general summary of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the grant and exercise and vesting of awards under the 2014 Management Incentive Plan and the disposition of shares acquired pursuant to the exercise or settlement of such awards and is intended to reflect the current provisions of the Code and the regulations thereunder. This summary is not intended to be a complete statement of applicable law, nor does it address foreign, state, local and payroll tax considerations. This summary assumes that all awards described in the summary are exempt from, or comply with, the requirement of Section 409A of the Code. Moreover, the U.S. federal income tax consequences to any particular participant may differ from those described herein by reason of, among other things, the particular circumstances of such participant.

          Stock Options.    The Code requires that, for treatment of an option as an incentive stock option, shares of our Class A common stock or Class B common stock acquired through the exercise of an incentive stock option cannot be disposed of before the later of (i) two years from the date of grant of the option, or (ii) one year from the date of exercise. Holders of incentive stock options will generally incur no federal income tax liability at the time of grant or upon exercise of those options. However, the spread at exercise will be an "item of tax preference," which may give rise to "alternative minimum tax" liability for the taxable year in which the exercise occurs. If the holder does not dispose of the shares before two years following the date of grant and one year following the date of exercise, the difference between the exercise price and the amount realized upon disposition of the shares will constitute long-term capital gain or loss, as the case may be. Assuming both holding periods are satisfied, no deduction will be allowed to us for federal income tax purposes in connection with the grant or exercise of the incentive stock option. If, within two years following the date of grant or within one year following the date of exercise, the holder of shares acquired through the exercise of an incentive stock option disposes of those shares, the participant will generally realize taxable compensation at the time of such disposition equal to the difference between the exercise price and the lesser of the fair market value of the share on the date of exercise or the amount realized on the subsequent disposition of the shares, and that amount will generally be deductible by us for federal income tax purposes, subject to the possible limitations on deductibility under Sections 280G and 162(m) of the Code for compensation paid to executives designated in those Sections. Finally, if an incentive stock option becomes first exercisable in any one year for shares having an aggregate value in excess of $100,000 (based on the grant date value), the portion of the incentive stock option in respect of those excess shares will be treated as a non-qualified stock option for federal income tax purposes. No income will be realized by a participant upon grant of an option that does not qualify as an incentive stock option

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("a non-qualified stock option"). Upon the exercise of a non-qualified stock option, the participant will recognize ordinary compensation income in an amount equal to the excess, if any, of the fair market value of the underlying exercised shares over the option exercise price paid at the time of exercise and the participant's tax basis will equal the sum of the compensation income recognized and the exercise price. Our Company will be able to deduct this same amount for U.S. federal income tax purposes, but such deduction may be limited under Sections 280G and 162(m) of the Code for compensation paid to certain executives designated in those Sections. In the event of a sale of shares received upon the exercise of a non-qualified stock option, any appreciation or depreciation after the exercise date generally will be taxed as capital gain or loss and will be long-term gain or loss if the holding period for such shares is more than one year.

          SARs.    No income will be realized by a participant upon grant of a SAR. Upon the exercise of a SAR, the participant will recognize ordinary compensation income in an amount equal to the fair market value of the payment received in respect of the SAR. Our Company will be able to deduct this same amount for U.S. federal income tax purposes, but such deduction may be limited under Sections 280G and 162(m) of the Code for compensation paid to certain executives designated in those Sections.

          Restricted Stock.    A participant will not be subject to tax upon the grant of an award of restricted stock unless the participant otherwise elects to be taxed at the time of grant pursuant to Section 83(b) of the Code. On the date an award of restricted stock becomes transferable or is no longer subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture, the participant will have taxable compensation equal to the difference between the fair market value of the shares on that date over the amount the participant paid for such shares, if any, unless the participant made an election under Section 83(b) of the Code to be taxed at the time of grant. If the participant made an election under Section 83(b), the participant will have taxable compensation at the time of grant equal to the difference between the fair market value of the shares on the date of grant over the amount the participant paid for such shares, if any. If the election is made, the participant will not be allowed a deduction for amounts subsequently required to be returned to our Company. (Special rules apply to the receipt and disposition of restricted shares received by officers and directors who are subject to Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act). Our Company will be able to deduct, at the same time as it is recognized by the participant, the amount of taxable compensation to the participant for U.S. federal income tax purposes, but such deduction may be limited under Sections 280G and 162(m) of the Code for compensation paid to certain executives designated in those Sections.

          Restricted Stock Units.    A participant will not be subject to tax upon the grant of a restricted stock unit award. Rather, upon the delivery of shares or cash pursuant to a restricted stock unit award, the participant will have taxable compensation equal to the fair market value of the number of shares (or the amount of cash) the participant actually receives with respect to the award. Our Company will be able to deduct the amount of taxable compensation to the participant for U.S. federal income tax purposes, but the deduction may be limited under Sections 280G and 162(m) of the Code for compensation paid to certain executives designated in those Sections.

          Section 162(m).    In general, Section 162(m) of the Code denies a publicly held corporation a deduction for U.S. federal income tax purposes for compensation in excess of $1,000,000 per year per person to its chief executive officer and the three other officers whose compensation is required to be disclosed in its proxy statement (excluding the chief financial officer), subject to certain exceptions. The 2014 Management Incentive Plan is intended to satisfy an exception with respect to grants of options and SARs to covered employees. In addition, the 2014 Management Incentive Plan is designed to permit certain awards of restricted stock, restricted stock units and other awards (including cash bonus awards) to be awarded as performance compensation awards intended to qualify under the "performance-based compensation" exception to Section 162(m) of the Code.

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PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS

          The tables below set forth information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock by:

    each of our directors and executive officers;

    each person who is known to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of any class or series of our capital stock; and

    all of our directors and executive officers as a group.

          The numbers of shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock beneficially owned, percentages of beneficial ownership and percentages of combined voting power for before this offering that are set forth below are based on (i) the number of shares and Virtu Financial Units to be issued and outstanding prior to this offering after giving effect to the reorganization transactions and (ii) an assumed initial public offering price of $             per share (the midpoint of the estimated public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus). See "Organizational Structure." The numbers of shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock beneficially owned, percentages of beneficial ownership and percentages of combined voting power for after this offering that are set forth below are based on (a) the number of shares and Virtu Financial Units to be issued and outstanding immediately after this offering and (b) an assumed initial public offering price of $             per share (the midpoint of the estimated public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus).

          We intend to use approximately $              million of the net proceeds from this offering (or approximately $              million if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full) to repurchase shares of Class A common stock from the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder and Virtu Financial Units and corresponding shares of common stock from certain of the Virtu Post-IPO Members. The beneficial ownership numbers and percentages for after this offering set forth below reflect this application of such net proceeds from this offering. See "Use of Proceeds" and "Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions — Purchases from Equityholders."

          The amounts and percentages of Class A common stock and Class B common stock beneficially owned are reported on the basis of the regulations of the SEC governing the determination of beneficial ownership of securities. Under these rules, a person is deemed to be a beneficial owner of a security if that person has or shares voting power, which includes the power to vote or to direct the voting of such security, or investment power, which includes the power to dispose of or to direct the disposition of such security. A person is also deemed to be a beneficial owner of any securities of which that person has a right to acquire beneficial ownership within 60 days. Under these rules, more than one person may be deemed to be a beneficial owner of the same securities.

          Unless otherwise indicated, the address for each beneficial owner listed below is: c/o Virtu Financial, Inc., 645 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10022-1010.

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          The following table assumes the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares is not exercised:

 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  Combined Voting Power(3)  
 
  Class A Common Stock Owned(1)   Class B Common Stock Owned(2)  
 
  Before this
Offering
  After this
Offering
 
 
  Before this Offering   After this Offering   Before this Offering   After this Offering  
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner
 
 
Number
 
Percentage
 
Number
 
Percentage
 
Number
 
Percentage
 
Number
 
Percentage
 
Percentage
 
Percentage
 

5% Equityholders

                                                             

TJMT Holdings LLC(4)(5)

                                                     

Silver Lake Equityholders(6)

                                                     

Virtu Employee Holdco LLC(7)

                                                     

Directors and Executive Officers

                                                             

Vincent Viola(4)(7)(8)

                                                 

Douglas A. Cifu(5)

                                                     

Joseph Molluso

                                                     

Christopher Concannon(5)

                                                     

John Abizaid

                                                     

Michael Bingle

                                                     

Joseph Osnoss

                                                     

John F. (Jack) Sandner

                                                     

All directors and executive officers as a group (8 persons)

                                                     

          The following table assumes the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares is exercised:

 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  Combined Voting Power(3)  
 
  Class A Common Stock Owned(1)   Class B Common Stock Owned(2)  
 
  Before this
Offering
  After this
Offering
 
 
  Before this Offering   After this Offering   Before this Offering   After this Offering  
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner
 
 
Number
 
Percentage
 
Number
 
Percentage
 
Number
 
Percentage
 
Number
 
Percentage
 
Percentage
 
Percentage
 

5% Equityholders

                                                             

TJMT Holdings LLC(4)(5)

                                                     

Silver Lake Equityholders(6)

                                                     

Virtu Employee Holdco LLC(7)

                                                     

Directors and Executive Officers

                                                             

Vincent Viola(4)(7)(8)

                                                 

Douglas A. Cifu(5)

                                                     

Joseph Molluso

                                                     

Christopher Concannon(5)

                                                     

John Abizaid

                                                     

Michael Bingle

                                                     

Joseph Osnoss

                                                     

John F. (Jack) Sandner

                                                     

All directors and executive officers as a group (8 persons)

                                                     

*
Less than 1%

(1)
Each Virtu Post-IPO Member, other than the Founder Post-IPO Member, holds Virtu Financial Units and an equal number of shares of Class C common stock. Each Virtu Post-IPO Member, other than the Founder Post-IPO Member, has the right at any time to exchange any vested Virtu Financial Units (together with a corresponding number of shares of Class C common stock) for shares of Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis. See "Description of Capital Stock." Set forth below is a table that lists each of our directors and named executive officers who own Virtu Financial Units and corresponding shares of Class C common stock:

Name
 
Number of Virtu Financial Units
and Shares of
Class C Common Stock

Douglas A. Cifu

   

Christopher Concannon

   

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(2)
Prior to this offering, the Founder Post-IPO Member holds             Virtu Financial Units and an equal number of shares of Class D common stock. The Founder Post-IPO Member has the right at any time to exchange any Virtu Financial Units (together with a corresponding number of shares of Class D common stock) for shares of Class B common stock on a one-for-one basis and to convert shares of Class B common stock into a shares of Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis. See "Description of Capital Stock."

(3)
Percentage of total voting power represents voting power with respect to all shares of our Class A common stock, Class B common stock, Class C common stock and Class D common stock, voting together as a single class. Each holder of Class B common stock and Class D common stock is entitled to 10 votes per share and each holder of Class A common stock and Class C common stock is entitled to one vote per share on all matters submitted to our stockholders for a vote. Our Class C common stock and Class D common stock do not have any of the economic rights (including rights to dividends and distributions upon liquidation) associated with our Class A and Class B common stock. See "Description of Capital Stock."

(4)
TJMT Holdings LLC, the Founder Post-IPO Member, is 90% owned by trusts for the benefit of family members of Mr. Viola and 10% owned by Teresa Viola, Mr. Viola's wife. Teresa Viola and Michael Viola, Mr. Viola's son, share dispositive control and voting control over the shares held by the Founder Post-IPO Member. Mr. Viola may be deemed to beneficially own the shares held by the Founder Post-IPO Member by virtue of his relationship with Teresa Viola.

(5)
Excludes                          shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the exchange of Virtu Financial Units and corresponding shares of Class C common stock held by Virtu East MIP. The Founder Post-IPO Member and Messrs. Cifu and Concannon are the co-managing members of Virtu East MIP and, in their capacities as co-managing members, exercise dispositive control and voting control over the shares held by Virtu East MIP. The Founder Post-IPO Member and Messrs. Cifu and Concannon disclaim beneficial ownership in such shares except to the extent of their respective pecuniary interests therein.

(6)
The Class A common stock owned by the Silver Lake Equityholders is comprised of:                          shares of Class A common stock held by SLP III EW Feeder I, L.P., the general partner of which is Silver Lake Technology Associates III, L.P. ("Silver Lake Technology") ;                          shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the exchange of Virtu Financial Units and corresponding shares of Class C common stock held by Silver Lake Technology Investors III, L.P., the general partner of which is Silver Lake Technology;                          shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the exchange of Virtu Financial Units and corresponding shares of Class C common stock held by Silver Lake Technology, the general partner of which is SLTA III (GP), L.L.C. ("GP"); and;                          shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the exchange of Virtu Financial Units and corresponding shares of Class C common stock held by Silver Lake Partners III DE (AIV III), L.P., the general partner of which is Silver Lake Technology. Silver Lake Group, L.L.C. ("Silver Lake") is the sole member of GP. Silver Lake Technology, GP and Silver Lake may be deemed to share beneficial ownership of the shares held by the Silver Lake Equityholders, but each disclaims beneficial ownership of such shares except to the extent of their respective pecuniary interests therein. The address of each of the Silver Lake Equityholders is 2775 Sand Hill Road, Suite 100 Menlo Park, CA 94025.

(7)
Mr. Viola is the manager of Virtu Employee Holdco and exercises dispositive control and voting control over the shares held by Virtu Employee Holdco. Mr. Viola disclaims beneficial ownership in such shares except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein.

(8)
Includes shares held by Virtu Employee Holdco.

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CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Reorganization Agreement and Common Stock Subscription Agreement

          In connection with the reorganization transactions, we will enter into a reorganization agreement and related agreements with Virtu Financial, Virtu Merger Sub and each of the Virtu Post-IPO Members, including the Founder Post-IPO Member, the Silver Lake Post-IPO Members and the Management Vehicles, which will affect the reorganization transactions. See "Organizational Structure" for more information.

          The table below sets forth the consideration in Virtu Financial Units, Class A common stock, Class B common stock, Class C common stock and Class D common stock to be received by our 5% equityholders, directors and executive officers in the reorganization transactions, based on an assumed public offering price of $             per share (the midpoint of the estimated public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus):

Name
 
Virtu Financial
Units to Be
Issued in the
Reorganization
Transactions
 
Class A
Common Stock
to Be Issued
in the
Reorganization
Transactions
 
Class B
Common Stock
to Be Issued
in the
Reorganization
Transactions
 
Class C
Common Stock
to Be Issued
in the
Reorganization
Transactions
 
Class D
Common Stock
to Be Issued
in the
Reorganization
Transactions
 

TJMT Holdings LLC

                         

SLP III EW Feeder I, L.P. 

                       

Silver Lake Technology Associates III, L.P. 

                         

Silver Lake Partners III DE (AIV III), L.P. 

                         

Silver Lake Technology Investors III, L.P. 

                         

Virtu Employee Holdco LLC

                         

Vincent Viola

                     

Douglas A. Cifu

                           

Joseph Molluso

                           

Christopher Concannon

                           

John Abizaid

                           

Michael Bingle

                           

Joseph Osnoss

                           

John F. (Jack) Sandner

                           

Purchases from Equityholders

          Immediately following this offering, based on the midpoint of the estimated public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, we will use approximately $              million of our net proceeds from this offering to repurchase                          shares of Class A common stock from the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder and                          Virtu Financial Units and corresponding shares of Class C common stock from certain of the Virtu Post-IPO Members, including certain members of management (or $              million,                           shares of Class A common stock and                          Virtu Financial Units and corresponding shares of Class C common stock if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full).

          The following table sets forth the cash proceeds that each of our existing 5% equityholders, directors and executive officers will receive from the purchase by us of shares of Class A common stock or Virtu Financial Units and corresponding shares of Class C common stock with the proceeds from this offering, based on the midpoint of the estimated public offering price range set

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forth on the cover page of this prospectus and assuming the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares is not exercised:

Name
 
Number of shares of Class A common stock or
Virtu Financial Units and corresponding shares
of Class C common stock, assuming the
underwriters' option to purchase additional
shares is not exercised
 
Cash proceeds ($)

SLP III EW Feeder I, L.P. 

       

Virtu Employee Holdco LLC

       

Douglas A. Cifu

       

Christopher Concannon

       

          The following table sets forth the cash proceeds that each of our existing 5% equityholders, directors and executive officers will receive from the purchase by us of shares of Class A common stock or Virtu Financial Units and corresponding shares of Class C common stock with the proceeds from this offering, based on the midpoint of the estimated public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus and assuming the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares is exercised in full:

Name
 
Number of shares of Class A common stock or
Virtu Financial Units and corresponding shares
of Class C common stock, assuming the
underwriters' option to purchase additional
shares is exercised in full
 
Cash proceeds ($)

SLP III EW Feeder I, L.P. 

       

Virtu Employee Holdco LLC

       

Douglas A. Cifu

       

Chritospher Concannon

       

          Upon consummation of this offering, subject to the equity retention agreements described below under " — Equity Retention and Restrictive Covenant Agreements," each equity restricted employee (as defined below) may sell up to 15% of his or her pre-IPO equity to the extent such pre-IPO equity has vested and subject to the lockups contained in the underwriting agreement. See "Underwriting." None of the Founder Pre-IPO Members, the Founder Post-IPO Member nor Mr. Viola or any of his family members intends to sell any equity interests in the Company in connection with the reorganization transactions or this offering.

Amended and Restated Virtu Financial Limited Liability Company Agreement

          In connection with the reorganization transactions, we, Virtu Financial and each of the Virtu Post-IPO Members, including the Founder Post-IPO Member, the Silver Lake Post-IPO Members and the Management Vehicles, will enter into the Amended and Restated Virtu Financial LLC Agreement. Following the reorganization transactions, and in accordance with the terms of the Amended and Restated Virtu Financial LLC Agreement, we will operate our business through Virtu Financial and its subsidiaries. As the sole managing member of Virtu Financial, we will have control over all of the affairs and decision making of Virtu Financial. As such, through our officers and directors, we will be responsible for all operational and administrative decisions of Virtu Financial and the day-to-day management of Virtu Financial's business. We will fund any dividends to our stockholders by causing Virtu Financial to make distributions to its equityholders, including the Founder Post-IPO Member, the Silver Lake Post-IPO Members, the Management Vehicles and us, subject to the limitations imposed by our credit agreement. See "Dividend Policy."

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          The holders of Virtu Financial Units will generally incur U.S. federal, state and local income taxes on their proportionate share of any net taxable income of Virtu Financial. Net profits and net losses of Virtu Financial will generally be allocated to its members pro rata in accordance with the percentages of their respective ownership of Virtu Financial Units, though certain non-pro rata adjustments will be made to reflect tax depreciation, amortization and other allocations. The Amended and Restated Virtu Financial LLC Agreement will provide for cash distributions to the holders of Virtu Financial Units for purposes of funding their tax obligations in respect of the taxable income of Virtu Financial that is allocated to them. Generally, these tax distributions will be computed based on Virtu Financial's estimate of the net taxable income of Virtu Financial allocable to each holder of Virtu Financial Units multiplied by an assumed tax rate equal to the highest effective marginal combined U.S. federal, state and local income tax rate prescribed for an individual or corporate resident in New York, New York (taking into account the non-deductibility of certain expenses and the character of our income).

          The Amended and Restated Virtu Financial LLC Agreement will provide that, except as otherwise determined by us, if at any time we issue a share of our Class A common stock or Class B common stock, other than pursuant to an issuance and distribution to holders of shares of our common stock of rights to purchase our equity securities under a "poison pill" or similar shareholders rights plan or pursuant to an employee benefit plan, the net proceeds received by us with respect to such share, if any, shall be concurrently invested in Virtu Financial (unless such shares were issued by us solely to fund (i) our ongoing operations or pay our expenses or other obligations or (ii) the purchase from a member of Virtu Financial of Virtu Financial Units (in which cash such net proceeds shall instead be transferred to the selling member as consideration for such purchase)) and Virtu Financial shall issue to us one Virtu Financial Unit. Similarly, except as otherwise determined by us, Virtu Financial will not issue any additional Virtu Financial Units to us unless we issue or sell an equal number of shares of our Class A common stock or Class B common stock. Conversely, if at any time any shares of our Class A common stock or Class B common stock are redeemed, repurchased or otherwise acquired, Virtu Financial will redeem, repurchase or otherwise acquire an equal number of Virtu Financial Units held by us, upon the same terms and for the same price per security, as the shares of our Class A common stock or Class B common stock are redeemed, repurchased or otherwise acquired. In addition, Virtu Financial will not effect any subdivision (by any unit split, unit distribution, reclassification, reorganization, recapitalization or otherwise) or combination (by reverse unit split, reclassification, reorganization, recapitalization or otherwise) of the Virtu Financial Units unless it is accompanied by substantially equivalent subdivision or combination, as applicable, of each class of our common stock, and we will not effect any subdivision or combination of any class of our common stock unless it is accompanied by a substantially equivalent subdivision or combination, as applicable, of the Virtu Financial Units.

          The Amended and Restated Virtu Financial LLC Agreement will also provide that we may not authorize, declare or pay any dividends in respect of our Class A common stock or Class B common stock (other than a stock dividend in connection with a subdivision of our common stock) unless (i) substantially simultaneously Virtu Financial authorizes, declares and pays a distribution in respect of the Virtu Financial Units and (ii) such dividend consists solely of the proceeds of the Virtu Financial distribution received by us. For purposes of any such dividend or distribution, the same record date will apply in respect of the common stock and the Virtu Financial Units.

          Pursuant to the terms of the Amended and Restated Virtu Financial LLC Agreement, certain members of management of Virtu Financial, including Messrs. Viola, Cifu and Concannon, will be subject to non-compete and non-solicitation obligations until the third anniversary of the date on which such person ceases to be employed by us. The employee members of the Management

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Vehicles will be subject to similar restrictions under the limited liability company agreements of the Management Vehicles.

          Subject to certain exceptions, Virtu Financial will indemnify all of its members, including the Founder Post-IPO Member, the Silver Lake Post-IPO Members, the Management Vehicles and us, and their officers and other related parties, against all losses or expenses arising from claims or other legal proceedings in which such person (in its capacity as such) may be involved or become subject to in connection with Virtu Financial's business or affairs or the Amended and Restated Virtu Financial LLC Agreement or any related document.

          Virtu Financial may be dissolved only upon the first to occur of (i) the sale of substantially all of its assets or (ii) as determined by us. Upon dissolution, Virtu Financial will be liquidated and the proceeds from any liquidation will be applied and distributed in the following manner: (a) first, to creditors (including creditors who are members or affiliates of members) in satisfaction of all of Virtu Financial's liabilities (whether by payment or by making reasonable provision for payment of such liabilities, including the setting up of any reasonably necessary reserves) and (b) second, to the members in proportion to their vested Virtu Financial Units (after giving effect to any obligations of Virtu Financial to make tax distributions).

Exchange Agreement

          At the closing of this offering, we will enter into an Exchange Agreement (the "Exchange Agreement") with Virtu Financial and each of the Virtu Post-IPO Members, including the Founder Post-IPO Member, the Silver Lake Post-IPO Members and the Management Vehicles, pursuant to which, from time to time, they (or certain transferees thereof) will have the right to exchange their Virtu Financial Units (along with the corresponding shares of our Class C common stock or Class D common stock, as applicable) for shares of our Class A common stock or Class B common stock, as applicable, on a one-for-one basis, subject to customary conversion rate adjustments for stock splits, stock dividends and reclassifications. Upon exchange, each share of our Class C common stock or Class D common stock will be cancelled.

Stockholders Agreement

          Prior to the consummation of this offering, we will enter into a Stockholders Agreement (the "Stockholders Agreement") with the Founder Post-IPO Member and the Silver Lake Equityholders. Under the Stockholders Agreement, the Silver Lake Equityholders will be entitled to nominate one director for election to our board of directors so long as affiliates of Silver Lake Partners continue to own at least 30% of the Class A common stock held by affiliates of Silver Lake Partners immediately prior to this offering (calculated assuming that all of their Virtu Financial Units and corresponding shares of Class C common stock are exchanged for Class A common stock). If the Silver Lake Equityholders no longer own such interest in us, they will, upon the request of our board of directors, agree to cause their nominee to resign from the board of directors.

          The Founder Post-IPO Member will agree to vote its shares in favor of the director nominated by the Silver Lake Equityholders in accordance with the terms of the Stockholders Agreement. To the extent that the Silver Lake Equityholders are no longer entitled to nominate a board member, our board of directors, upon the recommendation of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, will nominate a director in their place. The Silver Lake Equityholders' initial nominee for our board of directors is                          .

Registration Rights Agreement

          Prior to the consummation of this offering, we will enter into a Registration Rights Agreement (the "Registration Rights Agreement") with each of the Virtu Post-IPO Members, including the

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Founder Post-IPO Member, the Silver Lake Post-IPO Members, the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder and the Management Vehicles.

          At any time beginning 180 days following the closing of this offering, subject to several exceptions, including customary underwriter cut-backs and our right to defer a demand registration under certain circumstances, the Founder Post-IPO Member and the Silver Lake Equityholders may require that we register for public resale under the Securities Act all shares of common stock constituting registrable securities that they request be registered at any time following this offering so long as the securities requested to be registered in each registration statement have an aggregate estimated market value of least $50 million. Under the Registration Rights Agreement, we will not be obligated to effectuate more than seven demand registrations for the Founder Post-IPO Member or more than three demand registrations for the Silver Lake Post-IPO Members. If we become eligible to register the sale of our securities on Form S-3 under the Securities Act, which will not be until at least 12 months after the date of this prospectus, the Founder Post-IPO Member and the Silver Lake Equityholders have the right to require us to register the sale of the registrable securities held by them on Form S-3, subject to offering size and other restrictions.

          If the Founder Post-IPO Member or the Silver Lake Equityholders make a request for registration, the non-requesting parties to the Registration Rights Agreement will be entitled to customary piggyback registration rights in connection with the request, and if the request is for an underwritten offering, such piggyback registration rights will be subject to customary cutback provisions, with priority for registration of shares going first to the Founder Post-IPO Member and the Silver Lake Equityholders, second to the other parties, if any, with piggyback registration rights under the Registration Rights Agreement and third to other persons with a contractual right to include securities in the registration. In addition, the parties to the Registration Rights Agreement will be entitled to piggyback registration rights with respect to any registration initiated by us or another stockholder, and if any such registration is in the form of an underwritten offering, such piggyback registration rights will be subject to customary cutback provisions, with priority for registration of shares going first to us or such other stockholder, as applicable, second to the Founder Post-IPO Member and the Silver Lake Equityholders, third to the other parties, if any, with piggyback registration rights under the Registration Rights Agreement and fourth to other persons with a contractual right to include securities in the registration.

          In addition, we will undertake in the Registration Rights Agreement to file a registration statement as soon as we become eligible to register the sale of our securities on Form S-3 under the Securities Act and to use commercially reasonable efforts to have the registration statement declared effective as soon as practicable and to remain effective in order to register the shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the exchange of Virtu Financial Units, together with shares of Class C common stock, by certain of the Management Members and other Virtu Post-IPO Members from time to time.

          In connection with the transfer of their registrable securities, the Founder Post-IPO Member and the Silver Lake Equityholders may assign certain rights under the Registration Rights Agreement under certain circumstances. In connection with the registrations described above, we will indemnify any selling stockholders and we will bear all fees, costs and expenses (except underwriting commissions and discounts and fees and expenses of financial advisors of the selling stockholders and their internal and similar costs).

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Tax Receivable Agreements

          In connection with the reorganization transactions, we will acquire equity interests in Virtu Financial from the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder. In addition, as described under "Use of Proceeds," we intend to use a portion of the net proceeds from this offering to purchase Virtu Financial Units and corresponding shares of common stock from certain Virtu Post-IPO Members. These purchases will result in favorable tax basis adjustments to the assets of Virtu Financial that will be allocated to us and our subsidiaries. In addition, future exchanges by the Virtu Post-IPO Members of Virtu Financial Units and corresponding shares of Class C common stock or Class D common stock, as the case may be, for shares of our Class A common stock or Class B common stock, respectively, are expected to produce favorable tax attributes. These tax attributes would not be available to us in the absence of those transactions. In addition, in connection with the reorganization transactions, we expect to succeed to future depreciation and amortization deductions attributable to the prior acquisition of interests in Virtu Financial by an affiliate of Silver Lake Partners. Both the existing and anticipated tax basis adjustments are expected to reduce the amount of tax that we would otherwise be required to pay in the future.

          We intend to enter into three tax receivable agreements with the Virtu Post-IPO Members and the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder (one with the Founder Post-IPO Member, the Management Vehicles, the Management Members and other post-IPO investors, another with the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder and the other with the Silver Lake Post-IPO Members) that will provide for the payment by us to the Virtu Post-IPO Members and the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder (or their transferees of Virtu Financial Units or other assignees) of 85% of the amount of cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state and local income tax or franchise tax that we actually realize as a result of (i) any increase in tax basis in Virtu Financial's assets resulting from (a) the acquisition of equity interests in Virtu Financial from Silver Lake Corp in the reorganization transactions, (b) the purchases of Virtu Financial Units (along with the corresponding shares of our Class C common stock or Class D common stock, as applicable) from certain of the Virtu Post-IPO Members using a portion of the net proceeds from this offering, (c) exchanges by the Virtu Post-IPO Members of Virtu Financial Units (together with the corresponding shares of our Class C common stock or Class D common stock, as applicable) for shares of our Class A common stock or Class B common stock, as applicable, or (d) payments under the tax receivable agreements, (ii) future depreciation and amortization deductions attributable to the prior acquisition of interests in Virtu Financial by an affiliate of Silver Lake Partners and (iii) tax benefits related to imputed interest deemed arising as a result of payments made under the tax receivable agreements.

          The actual increase in tax basis, as well as the amount and timing of any payments under these agreements, will vary depending upon a number of factors, including the timing of exchanges by the Virtu Post-IPO Members, the price of our Class A common stock at the time of the exchange, the extent to which such exchanges are taxable, the amount and timing of the taxable income we generate in the future and the tax rate then applicable and the portion of our payments under the tax receivable agreements constituting imputed interest.

          The payments we will be required to make under the tax receivable agreements could be substantial. We expect that, as a result of the amount of the increases in the tax basis of the tangible and intangible assets of Virtu Financial, assuming no material changes in the relevant tax law and that we earn sufficient taxable income to realize in full the potential tax benefit described above, future payments to the Virtu Post-IPO Members and the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder in respect of the purchases will aggregate to approximately $             and range from approximately $             to $             per year over the next 15 years (or approximately $             in the aggregate, ranging from approximately $             to $             per year over the next 15 years if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full). Future payments under the tax receivable agreements in respect of subsequent exchanges would be in addition to these amounts and are

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expected to be substantial. The payments under the tax receivable agreements are not conditioned upon the Virtu Post-IPO Members' or the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder's continued ownership of us.

          In addition, although we are not aware of any issue that would cause the IRS to challenge the tax basis increases or other benefits arising under the tax receivable agreements, the Virtu Post-IPO Members and the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder (or their transferees or other assignees) will not reimburse us for any payments previously made if such tax basis increases or other tax benefits are subsequently disallowed, except that any excess payments made to the Virtu Post-IPO Members and the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder will be netted against future payments otherwise to be made under the tax receivable agreements, if any, after our determination of such excess. As a result, in such circumstances we could make payments to the Virtu Post-IPO Members and the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder under the tax receivable agreements that are greater than our actual cash tax savings and may not be able to recoup those payments, which could negatively impact our liquidity.

          In addition, the tax receivable agreements provide that, upon certain mergers, asset sales or other forms of business combination or certain other changes of control, our or our successor's obligations with respect to tax benefits would be based on certain assumptions, including that we or our successor would have sufficient taxable income to fully utilize the benefits arising from the increased tax deductions and tax basis and other benefits covered by the tax receivable agreements. As a result, upon a change of control, we could be required to make payments under a tax receivable agreement that are greater than or less than the specified percentage of our actual cash tax savings, which could negatively impact our liquidity.

          Finally, because we are a holding company with no operations of our own, our ability to make payments under the tax receivable agreements are dependent on the ability of our subsidiaries to make distributions to us. Our credit agreement restricts the ability of our subsidiaries to make distributions to us, which could affect our ability to make payments under the tax receivable agreements. To the extent that we are unable to make payments under the tax receivable agreements for any reason, such payments will be deferred and will accrue interest until paid.

Equity Retention and Restrictive Covenant Agreements

          In connection with the reorganization transactions and this offering, we intend to grant shares of Class A common stock and/or restricted stock units to certain of our direct and indirect employee equityholders and other employees pursuant to our 2014 Management Incentive Plan (such grants, "IPO grants"). We also intend to offer certain of our indirect employee equityholders and other employees (the "equity restricted employees"), who do not include Messrs. Viola, Cifu or Concannon, the ability to sell to us, in connection with this offering, up to 15% of their total pre-IPO equity interests in our Company ("pre-IPO equity" and, together with the IPO grants, "retained equity"), to the extent such pre-IPO equity has vested. See " — Purchases from Equityholders." In consideration of the foregoing, we have entered into Equity Retention and Restrictive Covenant Agreements ("equity retention agreements") with each equity restricted employee, pursuant to which each equity restricted employee may:

    upon the consummation of this offering, sell to us up to 15% of his or her pre-IPO equity, to the extent such pre-IPO equity has vested;

    on and after the first anniversary of the consummation of this offering, sell up to a cumulative 30% of his or her retained equity, to the extent such retained equity has vested;

    on and after the second anniversary of the consummation of this offering, sell up to a cumulative 45% of his or her retained equity, to the extent such retained equity has vested;

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    on and after the third anniversary of the consummation of this offering, sell up to a cumulative 60% of his or her retained equity, to the extent such retained equity has vested;

    on and after the fourth anniversary of the consummation of this offering, sell up to a cumulative 75% of his or her retained equity, to the extent such retained equity has vested;

    on and after the fifth anniversary of the consummation of this offering, sell up to a cumulative 90% of his or her retained equity, to the extent such retained equity has vested; and

    on and after the sixth anniversary of the consummation of this offering, sell any of his or her remaining retained equity, to the extent such retained equity has vested, without being subject to any further equity retention restrictions.

          Under the equity retention agreements, "permitted transferees" include, with respect to each equity restricted employee and his or her permitted transferees, (i) any immediate family member of such equity restricted employee (which would include parents, grandparents, lineal descendants, siblings of such equity restricted employee or such equity restricted employee's spouse, and lineal descendants of siblings of such equity restricted employee or such equity restricted employee's spouse) or any trust, family-partnership or estate-planning vehicle so long as such equity restricted employee and/or his or her immediate family members are the sole economic beneficiaries thereof, (ii) any corporation, limited liability company, partnership or other entity of which all of the economic beneficial ownership thereof belongs to such equity restricted employee, his or her immediate family members or any trust, family-partnership or estate-planning vehicle whose economic beneficiaries consist solely of such equity restricted employee and/or his or her immediate family members, (iii) a charitable institution controlled by such equity restricted employee, (iv) an individual mandated under a qualified domestic relations order and (v) a legal or personal representative of such equity restricted employee in the event of his or her death or disability.

          In addition to the equity retention restrictions described above, in each equity retention agreement the applicable equity restricted employee will acknowledge that he or she remains subject to the following existing restrictive covenants until the third anniversary of the date his or her employment with us is terminated:

    the equity restricted employee will not directly or indirectly engage in certain competitive activities;

    the equity restricted employee will not solicit, or assist any other person to solicit, as an employee or a consultant, any employee or former employee, or certain equityholders, of ours;

    the equity restricted employee will not hire, or assist any other person to hire, as an employee or a consultant, any employee or former employee, or certain equityholders, of ours; and

    the equity restricted employee will not take any action or make any public statement that disparages or denigrates our Company or our directors, officers, employees, equityholders, representatives or agents.

Indemnification Agreements

          We expect to enter into an indemnification agreement with each of our executive officers and directors that provides, in general, that we will indemnify them to the fullest extent permitted by law in connection with their service to us or on our behalf.

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Other Transactions

          We employ the son of Mr. Viola, our Founder and Executive Chairman, as a trader, and he received total compensation from us for the years ended 2013, 2012 and 2011 of $510,703 (which consisted of $410,000 in cash and Class A-2 profits interests having a fair market value of $100,703), $636,066 (which consisted of $510,000 in cash and Class A-2 profits interests having a fair market value of $126,066) and $391,538, respectively.

          We have engaged Mr. Abizaid to provide leadership consulting services from time to time. Mr. Abizaid received total compensation from us pursuant to such engagement for the years ended 2013, 2012, 2011 and 2010 of $210,584, $87,000, $0 and $0, respectively. See "Executive Compensation — Compensation of our Directors."

          We have entered into certain futures clearing transactions with Pioneer Futures, Inc., a futures commission merchant owned by the Founder Post-IPO Member, in the ordinary course of business. During the years ended 2011 and 2010, we made payments to Pioneer Futures in the aggregate amounts of approximately $6.4 million and $3.4 million, respectively. In December 2013, the Founder Post-IPO Member disposed of its interests in Pioneer Futures, Inc.

          In connection with the Madison Tyler Transactions, we paid Silver Lake Management Company III, LLC, an affiliate of the Silver Lake Equityholders a $4.4 million advisory fee.

          In October 2008, the Founder Post-IPO Member and Mr. Cifu loaned us $8.9 million and $0.3 million, respectively. In connection with the loans, we entered into promissory notes, pursuant to which interest accrued on the loans at a rate of 8.0% annually and was payable in full with the principal on maturity. The highest principal amount outstanding on the loan from the Founder Post-IPO Member during the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 were $8.9 million and $8.9 million, respectively, and the highest principal amount outstanding on the loan from Mr. Cifu during the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 were $0.3 million and $0.3 million, respectively. Interest expense on the loan from the Founder Post-IPO Member for such periods was $0.4 million and $0.7 million, respectively, and interest expense on the loan from Mr. Cifu for such periods was $0.01 million and $0.02 million, respectively. The promissory notes were terminated and the loans repaid in June 2011.

          In August 2009, the Founder Post-IPO Member loaned us $2.0 million. In connection with the loan, we entered into a promissory note, pursuant to which interest accrued on the loan at a rate of 8.0% annually and was payable in full with the principal on maturity. The highest principal amount outstanding on the loan during the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 were $2.0 million and $2.0 million, respectively. Interest expense on the loan for such periods was $0.04 million and $0.16 million. The promissory note was terminated and the loan was repaid in March 2011.

          In October 2009, the Founder Post-IPO Member loaned us $3.0 million. In connection with the loan, we entered into a promissory note, pursuant to which interest accrued on the loan at a rate of 8.0% annually and was payable in full with the principal on maturity. The highest principal amount outstanding on the loan during the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 were $3.0 million and $3.0 million, respectively. Interest expense on the loan for such periods was $0.06 million and $0.24 million. The promissory note was terminated and the loan was repaid in March 2011.

          Until May 2011, when it was repaid and terminated, we had a note payable to Independent Bank, which is indirectly majority owned by Mr. Viola. Mr. Cifu is also an investor in Independent Bank and sits on its board of directors. The note bore interest at the prime rate, was collateralized by all of our exchange memberships, was guaranteed by Mr. Viola and was subject to certain financial covenants. The highest principal amount outstanding on the note during the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 were $1.3 million and $1.7 million respectively, and interest payments on the note during such periods was $0.02 million and $0.09 million, respectively.

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          Until May 2011, when it was repaid and terminated, we had a $1.0 million line of credit with Independent Bank. The line of credit bore interest at the prime rate, was collateralized by all of our exchange memberships, was guaranteed by Mr. Viola and was subject to certain financial covenants and fees on the unused balance. The highest principal amount outstanding on the line during the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 were $0.6 million and $0.8 million, respectively, and interest payments on the line during such periods was $0.01 million and $0.04 million, respectively.

Related Party Transactions Policies and Procedures

          Upon the consummation of this offering, we will adopt a written Related Person Transaction Policy (the "policy"), which will set forth our policy with respect to the review, approval, ratification and disclosure of all related person transactions by our Audit Committee. In accordance with the policy, our Audit Committee will have overall responsibility for implementation of and compliance with the policy.

          For purposes of the policy, a "related person transaction" is a transaction, arrangement or relationship (or any series of similar transactions, arrangements or relationships) in which we were, are or will be a participant and the amount involved exceeded, exceeds or will exceed $120,000 and in which any related person (as defined in the policy) had, has or will have a direct or indirect material interest. A "related person transaction" does not include any employment relationship or transaction involving an executive officer and any related compensation resulting solely from that employment relationship that has been reviewed and approved by our board of directors or Compensation Committee.

          The policy will require that notice of a proposed related person transaction be provided to our legal department prior to entry into such transaction. If our legal department determines that such transaction is a related person transaction, the proposed transaction will be submitted to our Audit Committee for consideration at its next meeting. Under the policy, our Audit Committee may approve only those related person transactions that are in, or not inconsistent with, our best interests. In the event that we become aware of a related person transaction that has not been previously reviewed, approved or ratified under the policy and that is ongoing or is completed, the transaction will be submitted to the Audit Committee so that it may determine whether to ratify, rescind or terminate the related person transaction.

          The policy will also provide that the Audit Committee review certain previously approved or ratified related person transactions that are ongoing to determine whether the related person transaction remains in our best interests and the best interests of our stockholders. Additionally, we will make periodic inquiries of directors and executive officers with respect to any potential related person transaction of which they may be a party or of which they may be aware.

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DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK

Capital Stock

          In connection with the reorganization transactions, we expect to amend and restate our certificate of incorporation so that our authorized capital stock will consist of                          shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.00001 per share,                          shares of Class B common stock, par value $0.00001 per share,                          shares of Class C common stock, par value $0.00001 per share,                           shares of Class D common stock, par value $0.00001 per share, and                           shares of preferred stock, par value $0.00001 per share.

          Immediately following the reorganization transactions, we will have approximately                          holders of record of our Class A common stock, no holders of record of our Class B common stock,                          holders of record of our Class C common stock, one holder of record of our Class D common stock and no holders of record of our preferred stock. Of the authorized shares of our capital stock, based on an assumed initial public offering price of $             per share (the midpoint of the estimated public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus),                          shares of our Class A common stock will be issued and outstanding, no shares of our Class B common stock will be issued and outstanding,                          shares of our Class C common stock will be issued and outstanding,                           shares of our Class D common stock will be issued and outstanding and no shares of our preferred stock will be issued and outstanding.

          After the consummation of this offering and the application of the net proceeds from this offering, based on an assumed initial public offering price of $             per share (the midpoint of the estimated public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), we expect to have                          shares of our Class A common stock outstanding (or                           shares if the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares is exercised in full), no shares of our Class B common stock outstanding,                          shares of our Class C common stock outstanding (or                          shares if the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares is exercised in full),                          shares of our Class D common stock outstanding (or                          shares if the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares is exercised in full) and no shares of our preferred stock outstanding.

Common Stock

Voting

          The holders of our Class A common stock, Class B common stock, Class C common stock and Class D common stock will vote together as a single class on all matters submitted to stockholders for their vote or approval, except as required by applicable law.

          Holders of our Class A common stock and Class C common stock are entitled to one vote on all matters submitted to stockholders for their vote or approval. Holders of our Class B common stock and Class D common stock are entitled to ten votes on all matters submitted to stockholders for their vote or approval.

          Based on an assumed initial public offering price of $             per share (the midpoint of the estimated public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), upon the completion of this offering, the Founder Post-IPO Member will control approximately         % of the combined voting power of our common stock (or         % if the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares is exercised in full) as a result of their ownership of our Class D common stock. Accordingly, the Founder Post-IPO Member will control our business policies and affairs and can control any action requiring the general approval of our stockholders, including the election of our board or directors, the adoption of amendments to our certificate of incorporation and by-laws and

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the approval of any merger or sale of substantially all of our assets. The Founder Post-IPO Member will continue to have such control as long as it owns at least 25% of our issued and outstanding common stock. This concentration of ownership and voting power may also delay, defer or even prevent an acquisition by a third party or other change of control of our Company and may make some transactions more difficult or impossible without the support of the Founder Post-IPO Member, even if such events are in the best interests of minority stockholders.

Dividends

          The holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock are entitled to receive dividends when, as and if declared by our board of directors out of legally available funds. Under our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, dividends may not be declared or paid in respect of Class B common stock unless they are declared or paid in the same amount in respect of Class A common stock, and vice versa. With respect to stock dividends, holders of Class B common stock must receive Class B common stock while holders of Class A common stock must receive Class A common stock.

          The holders of our Class C common stock and Class D common stock will not have any right to receive dividends other than dividends consisting of shares of our (i) Class C common stock, paid proportionally with respect to each outstanding share of our Class C common stock, and (ii) Class D common stock, paid proportionally with respect to each outstanding share of our Class D common stock, in each case in connection with stock dividends.

Liquidation or Dissolution

          Upon our liquidation or dissolution, the holders of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock will be entitled to share ratably in those of our assets that are legally available for distribution to stockholders after payment of liabilities and subject to the prior rights of any holders of preferred stock then outstanding. Other than their par value, the holders of our Class C common stock and Class D common stock will not have any right to receive a distribution upon a liquidation or dissolution of our company.

Conversion, Transferability and Exchange

          Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will provide that each share of our Class B common stock is convertible at any time, at the option of the holder, into one share of Class A common stock, and each share of our Class D common stock is convertible at any time, at the option of the holder, into one share of Class C common stock. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will further provide that each share of our Class B common stock will automatically convert into one share of Class A common stock, and each share of our Class D common stock will automatically convert into one share of our Class C common stock, (a) immediately prior to any sale or other transfer of such share by the Founder Post-IPO Member or any of its affiliates or permitted transferees (collectively, "Founder Equityholders"), subject to certain limited exceptions, such as transfers to permitted transferees, or (b) if Founder Equityholders own less than 25% of our issued and outstanding common stock. Shares of our Class A common stock and Class C common stock are not subject to any conversion right.

          Under our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, "permitted transferees" will include (i) Vincent Viola or any of his immediate family members (which would include parents, grandparents, lineal descendants, siblings of such person or such person's spouse, and lineal descendants of siblings of such person or such person's spouse) or any trust, family-partnership or estate-planning vehicle so long as Mr. Viola and/or his immediate family members are the sole economic beneficiaries thereof, (ii) any corporation, limited liability company, partnership or other

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entity of which all of the economic beneficial ownership thereof belongs to Mr. Viola, his immediate family members or any trust, family-partnership or estate-planning vehicle whose economic beneficiaries consist solely of Founder Equityholders and/or immediate family members, (iii) a charitable institution controlled by any Founder Equityholder and/or immediate family members, (iv) an individual mandated under a qualified domestic relations order and (v) a legal or personal representative of any Founder Equityholder in the event of death or disability.

          Among other exceptions described in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, the Founder Equityholders will be permitted to pledge shares of Class D common stock and/or Class B common stock that they hold from time to time without causing an automatic conversion to Class C common stock or Class A common stock, as applicable, provided that any pledged shares are not transferred to or registered in the name of the pledgee.

          Subject to the terms of the Exchange Agreement (i) the Founder Post-IPO Member may exchange its Virtu Financial Units (and corresponding shares of our Class D common stock or, after the Triggering Event (defined as the point in time when the Founder Equityholders no longer beneficially own shares representing 25% of our issued and outstanding common stock), Class C common stock) for shares of our Class B common stock (or, after the Triggering Event, Class A common stock) and (ii) the other Virtu Post-IPO Members may exchange their vested Virtu Financial Units (and corresponding shares of our Class C common stock) for shares of our Class A common stock. Each such exchange will be on a one-for-one basis, subject to customary conversion rate adjustments for stock splits, stock dividends and reclassifications. Upon exchange, each share of our Class C common stock or Class D common stock so exchanged will be cancelled.

Other Provisions

          None of the Class A common stock, Class B common stock, Class C common stock or Class D common stock has any pre-emptive or other subscription rights. There will be no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to the Class A common stock, Class B common stock, Class C common stock or Class D common stock.

          At such time as no Virtu Financial Units remain exchangeable for shares of our Class A common stock, our Class C common stock will be cancelled. At such time as no Virtu Financial Units remain exchangeable for shares of our Class B common stock, our Class D common stock will be cancelled.

Preferred Stock

          After the consummation of this offering, we will be authorized to issue up to                          shares of preferred stock. Our board of directors will be authorized, subject to limitations prescribed by Delaware law and our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, to determine the terms and conditions of the preferred stock, including whether the shares of preferred stock will be issued in one or more series, the number of shares to be included in each series and the powers, designations, preferences and rights of the shares. Our board of directors also will be authorized to designate any qualifications, limitations or restrictions on the shares without any further vote or action by the stockholders. The issuance of preferred stock may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of our Company and may adversely affect the voting and other rights of the holders of our Class A common stock, Class B common stock, Class C common stock and Class D common stock, which could have a negative impact on the market price of our Class A common stock. We have no current plan to issue any shares of preferred stock following the consummation of this offering.

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Corporate Opportunity

          Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the doctrine of "corporate opportunity" will not apply against the Founder Post-IPO Member, Mr. Viola, the Silver Lake Equityholders, any of our non-employee directors or any of their respective affiliates in a manner that would prohibit them from investing in competing businesses or doing business with our clients or customers. The Amended and Restated Virtu Financial LLC Agreement will provide that Mr. Viola, in addition to our other executive officers and our employees that are Virtu Post-IPO Members, may not directly or indirectly engage in certain competitive activities until the third anniversary of the date on which such person ceases to be employed by us. The Silver Lake Equityholders and our non-employee directors are not subject to any such restriction. See "Risk Factors — Risks Related to this Offering and Our Class A common stock — We are controlled by the Founder Post-IPO Member, whose interests in our business may be different than yours, and certain statutory provisions afforded to stockholders are not applicable to us," and "Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions — Amended and Restated Virtu Financial Limited Liability Company Agreement."

Certain Certificate of Incorporation, By-Law and Statutory Provisions

          The provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and by-laws and of the Delaware General Corporation Law summarized below may have an anti-takeover effect and may delay, defer or prevent a tender offer or takeover attempt that you might consider in your best interest, including an attempt that might result in your receipt of a premium over the market price for your shares of Class A common stock.

Anti-Takeover Effects of Our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws

          Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and by-laws will contain certain provisions that are intended to enhance the likelihood of continuity and stability in the composition of our board of directors and that may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a future takeover or change in control of our Company unless such takeover or change in control is approved by our board of directors.

          These provisions include:

          Classified Board.    Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will provide that our board of directors will be divided into three classes of directors, with the classes as nearly equal in number as possible. As a result, approximately one-third of our board of directors will be elected each year. The classification of directors will have the effect of making it more difficult for stockholders to change the composition of our board. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will also provide that, subject to any rights of holders of preferred stock to elect additional directors under specified circumstances, the number of directors will be fixed exclusively pursuant to a resolution adopted by our board of directors. Our board of directors will initially have six members.

          In addition, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will provide that, following the Triggering Event (defined as the point in time when Founder Equityholders no longer beneficially own shares representing 25% of our issued and outstanding common stock), directors may only be removed for cause and by the affirmative vote of holders of 75% of the total voting power of our outstanding shares of common stock, voting together as a single class. This requirement of a super-majority vote to remove directors for cause could enable a minority of our stockholders to exercise veto power over any such removal.

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          Action by Written Consent; Special Meetings of Stockholders.    Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will provide that, following the Triggering Event, stockholder action can be taken only at an annual or special meeting of stockholders and cannot be taken by written consent in lieu of a meeting. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and by-laws will also provide that, except as otherwise required by law, special meetings of the stockholders can only be called by the chairman or vice chairman of the board or the chief executive officer, or pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of the board of directors or, until the Triggering Event, at the request of holders of a majority of the total voting power of our outstanding shares of common stock, voting together as a single class. Except as described above, stockholders are not permitted to call a special meeting or to require the board of directors to call a special meeting.

          Advance Notice Procedures.    Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and by-laws will establish an advance notice procedure for stockholder proposals to be brought before an annual meeting of our stockholders, including proposed nominations of persons for election to the board of directors. Stockholders at an annual meeting will only be able to consider proposals or nominations specified in the notice of meeting or brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the board of directors or by a stockholder who was a stockholder of record on the record date for the meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who has given our Secretary timely written notice, in proper form, of the stockholder's intention to bring that business before the meeting. Although the by-laws will not give our board of directors the power to approve or disapprove stockholder nominations of candidates or proposals regarding other business to be conducted at a special or annual meeting, the by-laws may have the effect of precluding the conduct of certain business at a meeting if the proper procedures are not followed or may discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect its own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of our Company.

          Super-Majority Approval Requirements.    The Delaware General Corporation Law generally provides that the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the total voting power of the shares entitled to vote on any matter is required to amend a corporation's certificate of incorporation or by-laws, unless either a corporation's certificate of incorporation or by-laws require a greater percentage. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and by-laws will provide that, following the Triggering Event, the affirmative vote of holders of 75% of the total voting power of our outstanding common stock eligible to vote in the election of directors, voting together as a single class, will be required to amend, alter, change or repeal specified provisions, including those relating to the classified board, actions by written consent of stockholders, calling of special meetings of stockholders, business combinations and amendment of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and by-laws. This requirement of a super-majority vote to approve amendments to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and by-laws could enable a minority of our stockholders to exercise veto power over any such amendments.

          Authorized but Unissued Shares.    Our authorized but unissued shares of common stock and preferred stock will be available for future issuance without stockholder approval. These additional shares may be utilized for a variety of corporate purposes, including future public offerings to raise additional capital, corporate acquisitions and employee benefit plans. The existence of authorized but unissued shares of common stock and preferred stock could render more difficult or discourage an attempt to obtain control of a majority of our common stock by means of a proxy contest, tender offer, merger or otherwise.

          Business Combinations with Interested Stockholders.    Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will provide that we are not subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, an antitakeover law. In general, Section 203 prohibits a publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging in a business combination, such as a merger, with a person or group

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owning 15% or more of the corporation's voting stock for a period of three years following the date the person became an interested stockholder, unless (with certain exceptions) the business combination or the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder is approved in a prescribed manner. Accordingly, we are not be subject to any anti-takeover effects of Section 203. Nevertheless, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will contain provisions that have the same effect as Section 203, except that they will provide that the Founder Post-IPO Member and the Silver Lake Equityholders, their respective affiliates and successors and their transferees will not be deemed to be "interested stockholders," regardless of the percentage of our voting stock owned by them, and accordingly will not be subject to such restrictions.

Directors' Liability; Indemnification of Directors and Officers

          Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will limit the liability of our directors to the fullest extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law and provides that we will provide them with customary indemnification. We expect to enter into customary indemnification agreements with each of our executive officers and directors that provide them, in general, with customary indemnification in connection with their service to us or on our behalf.

Transfer Agent and Registrar

          The transfer agent and registrar for our Class A common stock will be                          .

Securities Exchange

          We intend to apply to list our Class A common stock on NASDAQ under the symbol "VIRT."

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SHARES AVAILABLE FOR FUTURE SALE

          Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our Class A common stock. We cannot make any prediction as to the effect, if any, that sales of Class A common stock or the availability of Class A common stock for future sales will have on the market price of our Class A common stock. The market price of our Class A common stock could decline because of the sale of a large number of shares of our Class A common stock or the perception that such sales could occur in the future. These factors could also make it more difficult to raise funds through future offerings of Class A common stock. See "Risk Factors — Risks Related to this Offering and Our Class A Common Stock — Substantial future sales of shares of our Class A common stock in the public market could cause our stock price to fall."

Sale of Restricted Shares

          Upon the consummation of this offering, we will have                          shares of Class A common stock (or                          shares if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full) outstanding, excluding                          shares of Class A common stock underlying outstanding options or restricted stock units. Of these shares, the                          shares sold in this offering (or                          shares if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full) will be freely tradable without further restriction under the Securities Act, except any shares held by our affiliates, as that term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act. In the absence of registration under the Securities Act, shares held by affiliates may only be sold in compliance with the limitations of Rule 144 described below or another exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act. As defined in Rule 144, an affiliate of an issuer is a person that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by or is under common control with the issuer. Upon the completion of this offering, approximately                          of our outstanding shares of Class A common stock (or                           shares if the underwriters' exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full) will be deemed "restricted securities," as that term is defined under Rule 144, and would also be subject to the "lock-up" period noted below.

          In addition, based on an assumed initial public offering price of $             per share (the midpoint of the estimated public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), upon consummation of the offering, the Virtu Post-IPO Members will own an aggregate of                          Virtu Financial Units and                          shares of our Class C common stock and Class D common stock (or                          Virtu Financial Units and                          shares of Class C common stock and Class D common stock if the underwriters' exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full). Pursuant to the terms of the Exchange Agreement, the Founder Post-IPO Member could from time to time exchange its Virtu Financial Units (and corresponding shares of Class D common stock) for shares of our Class B common stock on a one-for-one basis, and the other Virtu Post-IPO Members could from time to time exchange their Virtu Financial Units (and corresponding shares of our Class C common stock) for shares of our Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis. In addition, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will provide that each share of our Class B common stock is convertible at any time, at the option of the holder, into one share of Class A common stock. Shares of our Class A common stock issuable to the Virtu Post-IPO Members upon an exchange of Virtu Financial Units (and corresponding shares of our Class C common stock) or upon conversion of shares of Class B common stock would be considered "restricted securities," as that term is defined under Rule 144 and would also be subject to the "lock-up" period noted below.

          Restricted securities may be sold in the public market only if they qualify for an exemption from registration under Rule 144 under the Securities Act, which is summarized below, or any other applicable exemption under the Securities Act, or pursuant to a registration statement that is

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effective under the Securities Act. Immediately following the consummation of this offering, the holders of approximately                          shares of our Class A common stock (or                           shares if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full) (on an assumed as-exchanged basis) will be entitled to dispose of their shares following the expiration of an initial 180-day underwriter "lock-up" period pursuant to the holding period, volume and other restrictions of Rule 144. The representatives of the underwriters are entitled to waive these lock-up provisions at their discretion prior to the expiration dates of such lock-up agreements.

Rule 144

          In general, pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act, a person (or persons whose shares are aggregated) who is not deemed to have been an affiliate of ours at any time during the three months preceding a sale, and who has beneficially owned restricted securities within the meaning of Rule 144 for at least six months (including any period of consecutive ownership of preceding non-affiliated holders) would be entitled to sell those shares, subject only to the availability of current public information about us. A non-affiliated person who has beneficially owned restricted securities within the meaning of Rule 144 for at least one year would be entitled to sell those shares without regard to the provisions of Rule 144.

          A person (or persons whose shares are aggregated) who is deemed to be an affiliate of ours and who has beneficially owned restricted securities within the meaning of Rule 144 for at least six months would be entitled to sell within any three-month period a number of shares that does not exceed the greater of one percent of the then outstanding shares of our Class A common stock or the average weekly trading volume of our Class A common stock during the four calendar weeks preceding such sale. Such sales are also subject to certain manner of sale provisions, notice requirements and the availability of current public information about us.

Options/Equity Awards

          We intend to file a registration statement under the Securities Act to register approximately                          shares of Class A common stock and                          shares of Class B common stock reserved for issuance or sale under our 2014 Management Incentive Plan. We expect to grant options to purchase                           shares of our Class A common stock and restricted stock units with respect to                          shares of our Class A common stock, and options to purchase                           shares of our Class B common stock and restricted stock units with respect to                          shares of our Class B common stock, under our 2014 Management Incentive Plan in connection with this offering. Shares issued upon the exercise of stock options and restricted stock units that vest after the effective date of the registration statement will be eligible for resale in the public market without restriction, subject to Rule 144 limitations applicable to affiliates and the lock-up agreements and equity retention agreements described below.

Lock-Up Agreements

          Our executive officers, directors, the Founder Post-IPO Member, the Silver Lake Equityholders and certain of our other stockholders have agreed that, for a period of 180 days from the date of this prospectus, they will not, without the prior written consent of Goldman, Sachs & Co., dispose of or hedge any shares of our Class A common stock or any securities convertible into or exchangeable for our Class A common stock (including Virtu Financial Units) subject to certain exceptions.

          Immediately following the consummation of this offering, based on an assumed initial public offering price of $             per share (the midpoint of the estimated public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), stockholders subject to lock-up agreements will hold                          

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shares of our Class A common stock (assuming the Virtu Post-IPO Members exchange all their Virtu Financial Units (and corresponding shares of our Class C common stock or Class D common stock, as applicable) for shares of our Class A common stock or Class B common stock, as applicable, and the conversion of all Class B common stock into Class A common stock), representing approximately         % of our then-outstanding shares of Class A common stock (or                          shares of Class A common stock, representing approximately         % of our then-outstanding shares of Class A common stock, if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full).

          We have agreed, subject to certain exceptions, not to issue, sell or otherwise dispose of any shares of our Class A common stock or any securities convertible into or exchangeable for our Class A common stock (including Virtu Financial Units) during the 180-day period following the date of this prospectus. We may, however, grant options to purchase shares of Class A common stock and issue shares of Class A common stock upon the exercise of outstanding options under our Existing Equity Incentive Plan, and we may issue or sell Class A common stock in connection with an acquisition or business combination (subject to a specified maximum amount) as long as the acquirer of such Class A common stock agrees in writing to be bound by the obligations and restrictions of our lock-up agreement.

Equity Retention Agreements

          In connection with the reorganization transactions and this offering, we intend to enter into the equity retention agreements with the equity restricted employees, who do not include Messrs. Viola, Cifu or Concannon, pursuant to which each equity restricted employee may:

    upon the consummation of this offering, sell to us up to 15% of his or her pre-IPO equity, to the extent such pre-IPO equity has vested;

    on and after the first anniversary of the consummation of this offering, sell up to a cumulative 30% of his or her retained equity, to the extent such retained equity has vested;

    on and after the second anniversary of the consummation of this offering, sell up to a cumulative 45% of his or her retained equity, to the extent such retained equity has vested;

    on and after the third anniversary of the consummation of this offering, sell up to a cumulative 60% of his or her retained equity, to the extent such retained equity has vested;

    on and after the fourth anniversary of the consummation of this offering, sell up to a cumulative 75% of his or her retained equity, to the extent such retained equity has vested;

    on and after the fifth anniversary of the consummation of this offering, sell up to a cumulative 90% of his or her retained equity, to the extent such retained equity has vested; and

    on and after the sixth anniversary of the consummation of this offering, sell any of his or her remaining retained equity, to the extent such retained equity has vested, without being subject to any further equity retention restrictions.

          Under the equity retention agreements, "permitted transferees" include, with respect to each equity restricted employee and his or her permitted transferees, (i) any immediate family member of such equity restricted employee (which would include parents, grandparents, lineal descendants, siblings of such equity restricted employee or such equity restricted employee's spouse, and lineal descendants of siblings of such equity restricted employee or such equity restricted employee's spouse) or any trust, family-partnership or estate-planning vehicle so long as such equity restricted employee and/or his or her immediate family members are the sole economic beneficiaries thereof, (ii) any corporation, limited liability company, partnership or other entity of which all of the economic

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beneficial ownership thereof belongs to such equity restricted employee, his or her immediate family members or any trust, family-partnership or estate-planning vehicle whose economic beneficiaries consist solely of such equity restricted employee and/or his or her immediate family members, (iii) a charitable institution controlled by such equity restricted employee, (iv) an individual mandated under a qualified domestic relations order and (v) a legal or personal representative of such equity restricted employee in the event of his or her death or disability.

          For more information, see "Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions — Equity Retention and Restrictive Covenant Agreements."

Registration Rights

          Our Registration Rights Agreement grants registration rights to the Founder Post-IPO Member, the Silver Lake Equityholders and the other Virtu Post-IPO Members. For more information, see "Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions — Registration Rights Agreement."

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MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL TAX CONSIDERATIONS FOR NON-U.S. HOLDERS

          The following is a general discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our Class A common stock by a Non-U.S. Holder. This summary assumes that our Class A common stock is held as a capital asset (generally, for investment). For purposes of this discussion, a Non-U.S. Holder is a beneficial owner of our Class A common stock that is treated for U.S. federal tax purposes as:

    a non-resident alien individual;

    a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) created or organized under the laws of a jurisdiction other than the U.S. or any state or political subdivision thereof;

    an estate, other than an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or

    a trust, other than a trust that (i) is subject to the primary supervision of a court within the U.S. and which has one or more U.S. fiduciaries who have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (ii) has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.

          For purposes of this discussion, a Non-U.S. Holder does not include a partnership (including for this purpose any entity that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes). If a partnership or other pass-through entity is a beneficial owner of our Class A common stock, the tax treatment of a partner or other owner will generally depend upon the status of the partner (or other owner) and the activities of the entity. If you are a partner (or other owner) of a pass-through entity that acquires our Class A common stock, you should consult your tax advisor regarding the tax consequences of acquiring, owning and disposing of our Class A common stock. Also, it is important to note that the rules for determining whether an individual is a non-resident alien for income tax purposes differ from those applicable for estate tax purposes.

          This discussion is not a complete analysis or listing of all of the possible tax consequences of such transactions and does not address all tax considerations that might be relevant to a Non-U.S. Holder in light of its particular circumstances or to Non-U.S. Holders that may be subject to special treatment under U.S. federal tax laws. Furthermore, this summary does not address estate and gift tax consequences, the Medicare contribution or net investment tax or tax consequences under any state, local or foreign laws.

          The following discussion is based upon the Code, U.S. judicial decisions, administrative pronouncements and existing and proposed Treasury regulations, all as in effect as of the date hereof. All of the preceding authorities are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect, so as to result in U.S. federal income tax consequences different from those discussed below. We have not requested, and will not request, a ruling from the IRS with respect to any of the U.S. federal income tax consequences described below.

          The following discussion is for general information only and is not intended to be, nor should it be construed to be, legal or tax advice to any holder or prospective holder of our Class A common stock and no opinion or representation with respect to the U.S. federal income tax consequences to any such holder or prospective holder is made. Prospective purchasers are urged to consult their tax advisors as to the particular consequences to them under U.S. federal, state and local, and applicable foreign tax laws of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our Class A common stock.

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Distributions

          Distributions of cash or property that we pay in respect of our Class A common stock will constitute dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent paid from our current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles). Except as described below under " — U.S. Trade or Business Income," a Non-U.S. Holder generally will be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax at a 30% rate, or at a reduced rate prescribed by an applicable income tax treaty, on any dividends received in respect of our Class A common stock. If the amount of the distribution exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits, such excess first will be treated as a return of capital to the extent of the Non-U.S. Holder's tax basis in our Class A common stock, and thereafter will be treated as capital gain. However, except to the extent that we elect (or the paying agent or other intermediary through which a Non-U.S. Holder holds our Class A common stock elects) otherwise, we (or the intermediary) must generally withhold on the entire distribution, in which case the Non-U.S. Holder would be entitled to a refund from the IRS for the withholding tax on the portion of the distribution that exceeded our current and accumulated earnings and profits. In order to obtain a reduced rate of U.S. federal withholding tax under an applicable income tax treaty, a Non-U.S. Holder will be required to provide a properly executed IRS Form W-8BEN (or successor form) certifying such stockholder's entitlement to benefits under the treaty. If a Non-U.S. Holder is eligible for a reduced rate of U.S. federal withholding tax under an income tax treaty, the Non-U.S. Holder may obtain a refund or credit of any excess amounts withheld by filing an appropriate claim for a refund with the IRS. Non-U.S. Holders are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding possible entitlement to benefits under an income tax treaty.

Sale, Exchange or Other Taxable Disposition of our Class A Common Stock

          Except as described below under " — Information Reporting and Backup Withholding Tax," and " — FATCA," a Non-U.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax in respect of any gain on a sale, exchange or other disposition of our Class A common stock unless:

    the gain is U.S. trade or business income, in which case, such gain will be taxed as described in " — U.S. Trade or Business Income," below;

    the Non-U.S. Holder is an individual who is present in the U.S. for 183 or more days in the taxable year of the disposition and certain other conditions are met, in which case the Non-U.S. Holder will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at a rate of 30% (or a reduced rate under an applicable tax treaty) on the amount by which certain capital gains allocable to U.S. sources exceed certain capital losses allocable to U.S. sources; or

    we are or have been a "U.S. real property holding corporation" (a "USRPHC") under section 897 of the Code at any time during the period (the "applicable period") that is the shorter of the five-year period ending on the date of the disposition and the Non-US. Holder's holding period for our Class A common stock, in which case, subject to the exception set forth in the second sentence of the next paragraph, such gain will be subject to U.S. federal income tax in the same manner as U.S. trade or business income.

          In general, a corporation is a USRPHC if the fair market value of its "U.S. real property interests" equals or exceeds 50% of the sum of the fair market value of its worldwide real property interests and its other assets used or held for use in a trade or business. In the event that we are determined to be a USRPHC, gain will not be subject to tax as U.S. trade or business income under section 897 of the Code if a Non-U.S. Holder's holdings (direct and indirect) at all times during the applicable period constituted 5% or less of our Class A common stock, provided that our Class A common stock was regularly traded on an established securities market during such

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period. We believe that we are not currently, and we do not anticipate becoming in the future, a USRPHC for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

U.S. Trade or Business Income

          For purposes of this discussion, dividend income and gain on the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of our Class A common stock will be considered to be "U.S. trade or business income" if (A) (i) such income or gain is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the U.S. by the Non-U.S. Holder and (ii) if the Non-U.S. Holder is eligible for the benefits of an income tax treaty with the U.S., such income or gain is attributable to a permanent establishment (or, in the case of an individual, a fixed base) that the Non-U.S. Holder maintains in the U.S. or (B) we are or have been a USRPHC at any time during the applicable period (subject to the exception set forth above in the second paragraph of " — Sale, Exchange or Other Taxable Disposition of our Class A Common Stock"). Generally, U.S. trade or business income is not subject to U.S. federal withholding tax (provided certain certification and disclosure requirements are satisfied, including providing a properly executed IRS Form W-8ECI (or successor form)); instead, such income is subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net basis at regular U.S. federal income tax rates (in the same manner as a U.S. person). Any U.S. trade or business income received by a foreign corporation may also be subject to a "branch profits tax" at a 30% rate, or at a lower rate prescribed by an applicable income tax treaty.

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding Tax

          We must annually report to the IRS and to each Non-U.S. Holder any dividend income that is subject to U.S. federal withholding tax, or that is exempt from such withholding pursuant to an income tax treaty. Copies of these information returns may also be made available under the provisions of a specific treaty or agreement to the tax authorities of the country in which a Non-U.S. Holder resides. Under certain circumstances, the Code imposes a backup withholding obligation on certain reportable payments. Dividends paid to a Non-U.S. Holder of our Class A common stock will generally be exempt from backup withholding if the Non-U.S. Holder provides a properly executed IRS Form W-8BEN (or successor form) or otherwise establishes an exemption and the applicable withholding agent does not have actual knowledge or reason to know that the stockholder is a U.S. person or that the conditions of such other exemption are not, in fact, satisfied.

          The payment of the proceeds from the disposition of our Class A common stock to or through the U.S. office of any broker (U.S. or non-U.S.) will be subject to information reporting and possible backup withholding unless the stockholder certifies as to such stockholder's non-U.S. status under penalties of perjury or otherwise establishes an exemption and the broker does not have actual knowledge or reason to know that the stockholder is a U.S. person or that the conditions of any other exemption are not, in fact, satisfied. The payment of proceeds from the disposition of our Class A common stock to or through a non-U.S. office of a non-U.S. broker will not be subject to information reporting or backup withholding unless the non-U.S. broker has certain types of relationships with the U.S. (a "U.S. related financial intermediary"). In the case of the payment of proceeds from the disposition of our Class A common stock to or through a non-U.S. office of a broker that is either a U.S. person or a U.S. related financial intermediary, the Treasury regulations require information reporting (but not backup withholding) on the payment unless the broker has documentary evidence in its files that the beneficial owner is a Non-U.S. Holder and the broker has no knowledge to the contrary. Holders of our Class A common stock are urged to consult their tax advisor on the application of information reporting and backup withholding in light of their particular circumstances.

          Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules from a payment to a stockholder will be refunded or credited against such

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stockholder's U.S. federal income tax liability, if any, provided that the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.

FATCA

          Pursuant to the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act, or "FATCA," foreign financial institutions (which include most foreign hedge funds, private equity funds, mutual funds, securitization vehicles and any other investment vehicles) and certain other foreign entities must comply with information reporting rules with respect to their U.S. account holders and investors or confront a withholding tax on U.S. source payments made to them (whether received as a beneficial owner or as an intermediary for another party). More specifically, a foreign financial institution or other foreign entity that does not comply with the FATCA reporting requirements will generally be subject to a 30% withholding tax with respect to any "withholdable payments." For this purpose, withholdable payments include generally U.S.-source payments otherwise subject to nonresident withholding tax (e.g., U.S.-source dividends) and also include the entire gross proceeds from the sale or other disposition of any equity or debt instruments of U.S. issuers. The FATCA withholding tax will apply even if the payment would otherwise not be subject to U.S. nonresident withholding tax (e.g., because it is capital gain). Administrative guidance from the IRS defers this withholding obligation until July 1, 2014 for payments of dividends on U.S. common stock and until January 1, 2017 for gross proceeds from dispositions of U.S. common stock.

          Non-U.S. Holders are urged to consult with their own tax advisors regarding the effect, if any, of the FATCA provisions to them based on their particular circumstances.

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UNDERWRITING

          We and the underwriters named below have entered into an underwriting agreement with respect to the shares of Class A common stock being offered. Subject to certain conditions, each underwriter has severally agreed to purchase the number of shares indicated in the following table. Goldman, Sachs & Co. and Sandler O'Neill & Partners, L.P. are the representatives of the underwriters.

Underwriters
 
Number
of Shares

Goldman, Sachs & Co. 

   

Sandler O'Neill & Partners, L.P. 

   

   
     

Total

   
     

          The underwriters are committed to take and pay for all of the shares being offered, if any are taken, other than the shares covered by the option to purchase additional shares described below, unless and until such option is exercised.

          The underwriters have an option to purchase up to an additional                          shares of Class A common stock from us to cover sales by the underwriters of a greater number of shares than the total number set forth in the table above. They may exercise this option for 30 days after the consummation of this offering. If any shares are purchased pursuant to this option, the underwriters will severally purchase such shares in approximately the same proportion as set forth in the table above.

          The following tables show the per share and total underwriting discounts and commissions to be paid by us to the underwriters. Such amounts are shown assuming both no exercise and full exercise of the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares.

Underwriting Discounts and Commissions Paid By Us
 
No Exercise
of Option
 
Full Exercise
of Option
 

Per Share

  $     $    

Total

  $     $    

          Shares sold by the underwriters to the public will initially be offered at the initial public offering price set forth on the cover of this prospectus. Any shares sold by the underwriters to securities dealers may be sold at a discount of up to $             per share from the initial public offering price. After the initial offering of the shares, the representatives may change the offering price and the other selling terms. The offering of the shares by the underwriters is subject to receipt and acceptance and subject to the underwriters' right to reject any order in whole or in part.

          We and our officers and directors, and holders of substantially all of our common stock, have agreed with the underwriters, subject to certain customary exceptions, not to dispose of or hedge any of their common stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of common stock (including Virtu Financial Units) during the period from the date of this prospectus through the date that is 180 days after the date of this prospectus, except with the prior written consent of Goldman, Sachs & Co. This agreement does not apply to any existing employee benefit plans and is subject to certain exceptions.

          See "Shares Available for Future Sale" for a discussion of certain transfer restrictions.

          Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our shares of Class A common stock. The initial public offering price will be determined by negotiations among us and the

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representatives of the underwriters. The factors to be considered in determining the initial public offering price of the shares will include the prevailing market conditions, our historical performance, estimates of our business potential and earnings prospects, an assessment of our management and the consideration of the above factors in relation to market valuation of companies in related businesses.

          We intend to list our Class A common stock on NASDAQ under the symbol "VIRT."

          In connection with this offering, the underwriters may purchase and sell shares of Class A common stock in the open market. These transactions may include short sales, stabilizing transactions and purchases to cover positions created by short sales. Short sales involve the sale by the underwriters of a greater number of shares than they are required to purchase in the offering, and a short position represents the amount of such sales that have not been covered by subsequent purchases. A "covered short position" is a short position that is not greater than the amount of additional shares for which the underwriters' option described above may be exercised. The underwriters may cover any covered short position by either exercising their option to purchase additional shares or purchasing shares in the open market. In determining the source of shares to cover the covered short position, the underwriters will consider, among other things, the price of shares available for purchase in the open market as compared to the price at which they may purchase additional shares pursuant to the option described above. "Naked" short sales are any short sales that create a short position greater than the amount of additional shares for which the option described above may be exercised. The underwriters must cover any such naked short position by purchasing shares in the open market. A naked short position is more likely to be created if the underwriters are concerned that there may be downward pressure on the price of the shares of our Class A common stock in the open market after pricing that could adversely affect investors who purchase in the offering. Stabilizing transactions consist of various bids for or purchases of shares made by the underwriters in the open market prior to the completion of the offering.

          The underwriters may also impose a penalty bid. This occurs when a particular underwriter repays to the underwriters a portion of the underwriting discount received by it because the representatives have repurchased shares sold by or for the account of such underwriter in stabilizing or short covering transactions.

          Purchases to cover a short position and stabilizing transactions, as well as other purchases by the underwriters for their own accounts, may have the effect of preventing or slowing a decline in the market price of our Class A common stock, and together with the imposition of the penalty bid, may stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the market price of our Class A common stock. As a result, the price of our Class A common stock may be higher than the price that otherwise might exist in the open market. The underwriters are not required to engage in these activities and may end any of these activities at any time. These transactions may be effected on NASDAQ, in the over-the-counter market or otherwise.

European Economic Area

          In relation to each Member State of the European Economic Area which has implemented the Prospectus Directive (each, a "Relevant Member State"), each underwriter agrees that with effect from and including the date on which the Prospectus Directive is implemented in that Relevant Member State (the "Relevant Implementation Date") it has not made and will not make an offer of shares to the public in that Relevant Member State prior to the publication of a prospectus in relation to the shares which has been approved by the competent authority in that Relevant Member State or, where appropriate, approved in another Relevant Member State and notified to the competent authority in that Relevant Member State, all in accordance with the Prospectus

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Directive, except that it may, with effect from and including the Relevant Implementation Date, make an offer of shares to the public in that Relevant Member State at any time:

    (a)
    to legal entities which are authorized or regulated to operate in the financial markets or, if not so authorized or regulated, whose corporate purpose is solely to invest in securities;

    (b)
    to any legal entity which has two or more of (i) an average of at least 250 employees during the last financial year, (ii) a total balance sheet of more than €43,000,000 and (iii) an annual net turnover of more than €50,000,000, as shown in its last annual or consolidated accounts;

    (c)
    to fewer than 100 natural or legal persons (other than qualified investors as defined in the Prospectus Directive) subject to obtaining the prior consent of the representatives for any such offer; or

    (d)
    in any other circumstances which do not require the publication by the Company of a prospectus pursuant to Article 3 of the Prospectus Directive.

          For the purposes of this provision, the expression an "offer of shares to the public" in relation to any shares in any Relevant Member State means the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and the shares to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase or subscribe the shares, as the same may be varied in that Relevant Member State by any measure implementing the Prospectus Directive in that Relevant Member State and the expression Prospectus Directive means Directive 2003/71/EC and includes any relevant implementing measure in each Relevant Member State.

United Kingdom

          Each underwriter agrees that:

    (a)
    it has only communicated or caused to be communicated and will only communicate or cause to be communicated an invitation or inducement to engage in investment activity (within the meaning of Section 21 of the FSMA) received by it in connection with the issue or sale of the shares in circumstances in which Section 21(1) of the FSMA does not apply to the Company; and

    (b)
    it has complied and will comply with all applicable provisions of the FSMA with respect to anything done by it in relation to the shares in, from or otherwise involving the United Kingdom.

Hong Kong

          The shares may not be offered or sold by means of any document other than (i) in circumstances which do not constitute an offer to the public within the meaning of the Companies Ordinance (Cap.32, Laws of Hong Kong), or (ii) to "professional investors" within the meaning of the Securities and Futures Ordinance (Cap.571, Laws of Hong Kong) and any rules made thereunder, or (iii) in other circumstances which do not result in the document being a "prospectus" within the meaning of the Companies Ordinance (Cap.32, Laws of Hong Kong), and no advertisement, invitation or document relating to the shares may be issued or may be in the possession of any person for the purpose of issue (in each case whether in Hong Kong or elsewhere), which is directed at, or the contents of which are likely to be accessed or read by, the public in Hong Kong (except if permitted to do so under the laws of Hong Kong) other than with respect to shares which are or are intended to be disposed of only to persons outside Hong Kong or only to "professional investors" within the meaning of the Securities and Futures Ordinance (Cap. 571, Laws of Hong Kong) and any rules made thereunder.

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Singapore

          This prospectus has not been registered as a prospectus with the Monetary Authority of Singapore. Accordingly, this prospectus and any other document or material in connection with the offer or sale, or invitation for subscription or purchase, of the shares may not be circulated or distributed, nor may the shares be offered or sold, or be made the subject of an invitation for subscription or purchase, whether directly or indirectly, to persons in Singapore other than (i) to an institutional investor under Section 274 of the Securities and Futures Act, Chapter 289 of Singapore (the "SFA"), (ii) to a relevant person, or any person pursuant to Section 275(1A), and in accordance with the conditions, specified in Section 275 of the SFA or (iii) otherwise pursuant to, and in accordance with the conditions of, any other applicable provision of the SFA.

          Where the shares are subscribed or purchased under Section 275 by a relevant person which is: (a) a corporation (which is not an accredited investor) the sole business of which is to hold investments and the entire share capital of which is owned by one or more individuals, each of whom is an accredited investor; or (b) a trust (where the trustee is not an accredited investor) whose sole purpose is to hold investments and each beneficiary is an accredited investor, shares, debentures and units of shares and debentures of that corporation or the beneficiaries' rights and interest in that trust shall not be transferable for six months after that corporation or that trust has acquired the shares under Section 275 except: (1) to an institutional investor under Section 274 of the SFA or to a relevant person, or any person pursuant to Section 275(1A), and in accordance with the conditions, specified in Section 275 of the SFA; (2) where no consideration is given for the transfer; or (3) by operation of law.

Japan

          The shares have not been and will not be registered under the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law of Japan (the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law), and each underwriter has agreed that it will not offer or sell any securities, directly or indirectly, in Japan or to, or for the benefit of, any resident of Japan (which term as used herein means any person resident in Japan, including any corporation or other entity organized under the laws of Japan), or to others for re-offering or resale, directly or indirectly, in Japan or to a resident of Japan, except pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of, and otherwise in compliance with, the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law and any other applicable laws, regulations and ministerial guidelines of Japan.

          The underwriters do not expect sales to discretionary accounts to exceed five percent of the total number of shares offered.

          We estimate that our share of the total expenses of the offering, excluding underwriting discounts and commissions, will be approximately $             . We have agreed to reimburse the underwriters for their expenses in connection with the qualification of the offering of the shares with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority.

          We have agreed to indemnify the several underwriters against certain liabilities, including certain liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933.

          The underwriters and their respective affiliates are full service financial institutions engaged in various activities, which may include sales and trading, commercial and investment banking, advisory, investment management, investment research, principal investment, hedging, market making, brokerage and other financial and non-financial activities and services. Certain of the underwriters and their respective affiliates have provided, and may in the future provide, a variety of these services to us and to persons and entities with relationships with us, for which they received or will receive customary fees and expenses.

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          In the ordinary course of their various business activities, the underwriters and their respective affiliates, officers, directors and employees may purchase, sell or hold a broad array of investments and actively trade securities, derivatives, loans, commodities, currencies, credit default swaps and other financial instruments for their own account and for the accounts of their customers, and such investment and trading activities may involve or relate to assets, securities and/or instruments of ours (directly, as collateral securing other obligations or otherwise) and/or persons and entities with relationships with us. The underwriters and their respective affiliates may also communicate independent investment recommendations, market color or trading ideas and/or publish or express independent research views in respect of such assets, securities or instruments and may at any time hold, or recommend to clients that they should acquire, long and/or short positions in such assets, securities and instruments.


LEGAL MATTERS

          Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP, New York, New York, will pass on the validity of the Class A common stock offered by this prospectus for us. Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP, New York, New York will pass upon certain legal matters in connection with the offering for the underwriters.


EXPERTS

          The statement of financial condition of Virtu Financial, Inc. as of December 16, 2013 included in this prospectus has been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report appearing herein. Such statement of financial condition has been so included in reliance upon the report of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

          The consolidated financial statements of Virtu Financial LLC and its subsidiaries as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, and for the years then ended, included in this prospectus have been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report appearing herein, which report expresses an unqualified opinion on the consolidated financial statements and includes explanatory paragraphs referring to the adoption of Accounting Standards Update 2011-05, Comprehensive Income and the acquisition of Madison Tyler Holdings. Such financial statements have been so included in reliance upon the report of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

          We have filed with the Commission a registration statement on Form S-1 with respect to the Class A common stock being sold in this offering. This prospectus constitutes a part of that registration statement. This prospectus does not contain all the information set forth in the registration statement and the exhibits and schedules to the registration statement, because some parts have been omitted in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Commission. For further information with respect to us and our Class A common stock being sold in this offering, you should refer to the registration statement and the exhibits and schedules filed as part of the registration statement. Statements contained in this prospectus regarding the contents of any agreement, contract or other document referred to are not necessarily complete; reference is made in each instance to the copy of the contract or document filed as an exhibit to the registration statement. Each statement is qualified by reference to the exhibit. You may inspect a copy of the registration statement without charge at the Commission's principal office in Washington, D.C. Copies of all or any part of the registration statement may be obtained after payment of fees prescribed by the Commission from the Commission's Public Reference Room at the Commission's principal office, at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549.

          You may obtain information regarding the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the Commission at 1-800-SEC-0330. The Commission maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding registrants that file electronically with the Commission. The Commission's website address is www.sec.gov.

          After we have completed this offering, we will file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. We intend to make these filings available on our website once the offering is completed. You may read and copy any reports, statements or other information on file at the public reference rooms. You can also request copies of these documents, for a copying fee, by writing to the SEC, or you can review these documents on the SEC's website, as described above. In addition, we will provide electronic or paper copies of our filings free of charge upon request.

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INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 
 
Page

Virtu Financial, Inc.

   

Statement of Financial Condition

   

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

  F-2

Statement of Financial Condition as of December 16, 2013

  F-3

Notes to Statement of Financial Condition

  F-4

Virtu Financial LLC and Subsidiaries

   

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

   

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012

  F-5

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012

  F-6

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Members' Equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2013

  F-7

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012

  F-8

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

  F-9

Consolidated Financial Statements

   

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

  F-42

Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of December 31, 2012 and 2011

  F-43

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011

  F-44

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Members' Equity for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011

  F-45

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011

  F-46

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

  F-47

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Stockholder of Virtu Financial Inc.:
New York, New York

          We have audited the accompanying statement of financial condition of Virtu Financial Inc. (the "Company") as of December 16, 2013. This financial statement is the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on this financial statement based on our audit.

          We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the statement of financial condition is free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audit included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the statement of financial condition, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall statement of financial condition presentation. We believe that our audit of the statement of financial condition provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

          In our opinion, such statement of financial condition presents fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Virtu Financial Inc. as of December 16, 2013, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

New York, New York
December 24, 2013

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Virtu Financial, Inc.

Statement of Financial Condition as of December 16, 2013

Assets

       

Cash

  $ 100  

Stockholder's Equity

       

Class A common stock, $0.00001 par value — 1,000 shares authorized, 100 shares issued and outstanding

  $  

Additional paid-in capital

    100  
       

Total stockholder's equity

  $ 100  
       

   

See accompanying notes to the statement of financial condition.

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Virtu Financial, Inc.

Notes to Statement of Financial Condition
as of December 16, 2013

1. Organization

          Virtu Financial, Inc. (the "Company") was formed as a Delaware corporation on October 17, 2013. The Company's fiscal year end is December 31. The Company was formed for the purpose of completing certain reorganization transactions, in order to carry on the business of Virtu Financial LLC and conducting a public offering. The Company will be the sole managing member of Virtu Financial LLC and will operate and control all of the businesses and affairs of Virtu Financial LLC and, through Virtu Financial LLC and its subsidiaries, continue to conduct the business now conducted by such subsidiaries.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

          The Statement of Financial Condition has been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Separate statements of comprehensive income, stockholder's equity and cash flows have not been presented as there have been no operating activities by this entity. There were no assets, liabilities or equity as of December 31, 2012. The Company's initial issuance of common stock was on October 17, 2013.

3. Stockholder's Equity

          VFH Parent LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Virtu Financial LLC, is the sole stockholder of the Company, and contributed $100 to the Company on October 17, 2013 to purchase 100 shares of Class A common stock. Holders of Class A common stock shall be entitled to one vote for each share of Class A common stock held on all matters submitted to stockholders for vote, consent or approval.

4. Subsequent Events

          The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the date the Statement of Financial Condition was issued.

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Virtu Financial LLC and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition
as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012

(unaudited)

(in thousands except interest data)
 
September 30,
2013
 
December 31,
2012
 

Assets

             

Cash and cash equivalents

  $ 66,959   $ 39,978  

Securities borrowed

    514,822     429,319  

Securities purchased under agreements to resell

    834     70,082  

Receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations

    667,562     366,143  

Trading assets, at fair value:

             

Financial instruments owned

    1,563,640     1,160,746  

Financial instruments owned and pledged

    527,962     351,819  

Property, equipment and capitalized software (net of accumulated depreciation)

    39,177     31,459  

Goodwill

    715,379     715,379  

Intangibles (net of accumulated amortization)

    1,879     2,637  

Other assets

    33,881     41,385  
           

Total assets

  $ 4,132,095   $ 3,208,947  
           

Liabilities, redeemable membership interest and members' equity

             

Liabilities

             

Short-term borrowings

  $ 35,000   $ 80,000  

Securities loaned

    900,910     737,328  

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase

    40,898     14,934  

Payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations

    398,471     252,508  

Trading liabilities, at fair value:

             

Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased

    1,717,341     1,097,460  

Accounts payable and accrued expenses and other liabilities

    98,794     80,173  

Senior secured credit facility

    402,752     256,309  
           

Total liabilities

  $ 3,594,166   $ 2,518,712  

Class A-1 redeemable membership interest

    250,000     250,000  

Members' equity

             

Class A-1 — Authorized and Issued — 1,964,826 and 1,964,826 interests, Outstanding — 1,964,826 and 1,964,826 interests, at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012

    19,648     19,648  

Class A-2 — Authorized and Issued — 98,461,466 and 98,403,196 interests, Outstanding — 97,293,801 and 97,323,850 interests at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012

    341,936     488,989  

Accumulated deficit

    (74,324 )   (68,347 )

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

    669     (55 )
           

Total members' equity

  $ 287,929   $ 440,235  

Total liabilities, redeemable membership interest and members' equity

  $ 4,132,095   $ 3,208,947  
           

   

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Virtu Financial LLC and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012

(unaudited)

 
  For the Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
(in thousands)
 
2013
 
2012
 

Revenues:

             

Trading income, net

  $ 471,558   $ 440,456  

Interest and dividends income

    23,133     25,485  

Technology services

    6,570      
           

Total revenue

    501,261     465,941  

Operating Expenses:

             

Brokerage, exchange and clearance fees, net

    146,721     151,213  

Communication and data processing

    45,080     42,394  

Employee compensation and payroll taxes

    54,048     48,525  

Interest and dividends expense

    32,432     36,503  

Operations and administrative

    17,856     13,675  

Depreciation and amortization

    17,629     12,372  

Amortization of purchased intangibles and acquired capitalized software

    758     58,673  

Acquisition related retention bonus

    4,656     4,698  

Lease abandonment

        6,134  

Debt issue cost related to debt refinancing

    5,632      

Financing interest expense on senior secured credit facility

    17,085     20,295  
           

Total operating expenses

    341,897     394,482  
           

Income before income taxes

    159,364     71,459  

Provision for income taxes

    (4,033 )   (2,245 )
           

Net income

  $ 155,331   $ 69,214  
           

Other Comprehensive Income, net of taxes:

             

Foreign exchange translation adjustment

    724     (385 )
           

Comprehensive Income

  $ 156,055   $ 68,829  
           

   

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Virtu Financial LLC and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Members' Equity
for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013

(unaudited)

 
  Class A-1   Class A-2    
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 
Total
Members'
Equity
 
Class A-1
Redeemable
Membership
Interest
 
(in thousands, except per interest data)
 
Accumulated
Deficit
 
 
Interests
 
Amounts
 
Interests
 
Amounts
 

Balance at December 31, 2012

    1,964,826   $ 19,648     97,323,850   $ 488,989   $ (68,347 ) $ (55 ) $ 440,235   $ 250,000  

Share-based compensation

            58,270     574             574      

Repurchase of Class A-2 interests

            (88,319 )   (535 )           (535 )    

Distribution to members

                (147,092 )   (161,308 )       (308,400 )    

Foreign exchange translation adjustment

                        724     724      

Net income

                    155,331         155,331      
                                   

Balance at September 30, 2013

    1,964,826   $ 19,648     97,293,801   $ 341,936   $ (74,324 ) $ 669   $ 287,929   $ 250,000  
                                   

   

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Virtu Financial LLC and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013 and 2012

(unaudited)

 
  For the Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
(in thousands)
 
2013
 
2012
 

Cash flows from operating activities

             

Net Income

  $ 155,331   $ 69,214  

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:

             

Depreciation and amortization

    17,629     12,372  

Amortization of purchased intangibles and acquired capitalized software

    758     58,673  

Debt issue cost related to debt refinancing

    5,632      

Amortization of bond issuance costs and deferred financing fees

    3,074     3,304  

Lease abandonment

        4,356  

Share-based compensation

    6,574     6,521  

Other

    531     849  

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

             

Securities borrowed

    (85,503 )   (57,055 )

Securities purchased under agreements to resell

    69,248     2,782  

Receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations

    (301,419 )   (182,965 )

Trading assets, at fair value

    (579,037 )   (579,407 )

Other assets

    5,741     (9,917 )

Securities loaned

    163,582     443,757  

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase

    25,964     41,835  

Payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations

    145,963     (211,846 )

Accounts payable and accrued expenses and other liabilities

    12,830     17,051  

Trading liabilities, at fair value

    619,881     567,282  
           

Net cash provided by operating activities

    266,779     186,806  

Cash flows from investing activities

             

Development of capitalized software

    (7,307 )   (6,500 )

Acquisition of property and equipment

    (18,405 )   (12,224 )

Acquisition of Nyenburgh Holding B.V. 

        (1,300 )
           

Net cash used in investing activities

    (25,712 )   (20,024 )

Cash flows from financing activities

             

Member distributions

    (308,400 )   (111,465 )

Repurchase of Class A-2 Interests

    (535 )   (28 )

Repayment of short-term borrowings

    (45,000 )   (20,000 )

Proceeds from senior secured credit facility

    149,625      

Repayment of senior secured credit facility

    (5,557 )   (36,000 )

Debt issuance costs

    (4,943 )    
           

Net cash used in financing activities

    (214,810 )   (167,493 )

Effect of exchange rate changes on Cash and cash equivalents

   
724
   
(385

)
           

Net increase (decrease) in Cash and cash equivalents

    26,981     (1,096 )

Cash and equivalents, beginning of period

    39,978     36,100  
           

Cash and equivalents, end of period

  $ 66,959   $ 35,004  
           

Supplementary disclosure of cash flow information

             

Cash paid for interest

  $ 34,664   $ 38,256  

Cash paid for taxes

    4,559     11,214  

Non-cash financing activities

             

Issuance of Class A-2 interests from business combination described in Note 3

  $   $ 328  

   

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Table of Contents


Virtu Financial LLC and Subsidiaries

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

1. Organization and Nature of Business

          Virtu Financial LLC ("VF" or, collectively with its wholly owned subsidiaries, the "Company") was formed as a Delaware limited liability company on April 8, 2011 in connection with a corporate reorganization and acquisition of the outstanding equity interests of Madison Tyler Holdings, LLC ("MTH"), an electronic trading firm and market maker. In connection with the reorganization, the members of VF's predecessor entity, Virtu Financial Operating LLC ("VFO"), a Delaware limited liability company formed on March 19, 2008, exchanged their interests in VFO for interests in VF and the members of MTH exchanged their interests in MTH for cash and/or interests in VF. VF's principal subsidiaries include Virtu Financial BD LLC ("VFBD"), a self-clearing US broker-dealer, Virtu Financial Capital Markets LLC ("VFCM"), a self-clearing US broker-dealer and designated market maker on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") and the NYSE MKT (formerly NYSE Amex) and other proprietary trading firms, including Virtu Financial Global Markets LLC ("VFGM"), Virtu Financial Ireland Limited ("VFIL"), incorporated in Ireland, Virtu Financial Asia Pty Ltd ("VFAP"), incorporated in Australia, and Virtu Financial Singapore Pte. Ltd. ("VFSing"), incorporated in Singapore. VFCM became a designated market maker ("DMM") in connection with its acquisition of certain assets of Cohen Capital Group LLC ("CCG") on December 9, 2011.

          The Company is a technology-enabled market maker and liquidity provider. The Company has developed a single, proprietary, multi-asset, multi-currency technology platform through which it provides quotations to buyers and sellers in equities, commodities, currencies, options, fixed income and other securities on numerous exchanges, markets and liquidity pools in numerous countries around the world.

          The Company is managed and operated as one business. Accordingly, the Company operates under one reportable segment.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation

          The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of VF and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

          The Company's consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("US GAAP"), which require management to make estimates and assumptions regarding fair value measurements including trading assets and liabilities, goodwill and intangibles, compensation accruals, capitalized software, and other matters that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Accordingly, actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Basis of Presentation

          The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements (the "financial statements") have been prepared pursuant to the rules of the Securities Exchange Commission (the "SEC"), and in the Company's opinion, include all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring

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Table of Contents


Virtu Financial LLC and Subsidiaries

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

accruals) necessary for a fair presentation of results of operations, financial position and cash flows as of the balance sheet dates presented and for the periods presented. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with US GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to SEC rules. However, the Company believes that the disclosures made are adequate to keep the information presented from being misleading. The results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.

          Basic and diluted earnings per share is not presented since the ownership structure of the Company does not include a common unit of ownership.

          These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto, included elsewhere in this prospectus, for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

          The Company considers cash equivalents as highly liquid investments with original maturities of less than three months when acquired. The Company maintains cash in bank deposit accounts that, at times, may exceed federally insured limits.

Securities Borrowed and Securities Loaned

          The Company conducts securities borrowing and lending activities with external counterparties. In connection with these transactions, the Company receives or posts collateral in connection with securities loaned or borrowed transactions. These transactions are collateralized by cash or securities. In accordance with substantially all of its stock borrow agreements, the Company is permitted to sell or repledge the securities received. Securities borrowed or loaned are recorded based on the amount of cash collateral advanced or received. The initial collateral advanced or received generally approximates or is greater than 102% of the fair value of the underlying securities borrowed or loaned. The Company monitors the fair value of securities borrowed and loaned, and delivers or obtains additional collateral as appropriate. Receivables and payables with the same counterparty are not offset in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. For these transactions, the interest received or paid by the Company are recorded gross on an accrual basis under interest and dividends income or interest and dividends expense in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Securities Purchased Under Agreements to Resell and Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase

          In a repurchase agreement, securities sold under agreements to repurchase are treated as collateralized financing transactions and are recorded at contract value, plus accrued interest, which approximates fair value. It is the Company's policy that its custodian takes possession of the underlying collateral securities, the fair value of which exceeds the principal amount of the repurchase transaction, including accrued interest. To ensure that the fair value of the underlying collateral remains sufficient, the collateral is valued daily with additional collateral obtained or excess collateral returned, as permitted under contractual provisions. For reverse repurchase

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Table of Contents


Virtu Financial LLC and Subsidiaries

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

agreements, the firm typically requires delivery of collateral with a fair value approximately equal to the carrying value of the relevant assets in the consolidated statements of financial condition.

          The Company does not net securities purchased under agreements to resell transactions with securities sold under agreements to repurchase transactions entered into with the same counterparty.

Receivables from/Payables to Broker-dealers and Clearing Organizations

          Amounts receivable from broker-dealers and clearing organizations may be restricted to the extent that they serve as deposits for securities sold, not yet purchased. At September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations primarily represent amounts due for unsettled trades, open equity in futures transactions, securities failed to deliver, deposits with clearing organizations or exchanges and balances due from prime brokers in relation to the Company's trading.

          In the normal course of business, substantially all of the Company's securities transactions, money balances, and security positions are transacted with several brokers. The Company is subject to credit risk to the extent any broker with whom it conducts business is unable to fulfill contractual obligations on its behalf. The Company's management monitors the financial condition of such brokers and does not anticipate any losses from these counterparties.

          As of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations primarily represent amounts due to prime brokers, unsettled trades, open equity in futures transactions, payables to clearing organizations and securities failed to receive.

Financial Instruments Owned and Financial Instruments Sold, Not Yet Purchased

          The Company carries financial instruments owned and financial instruments sold, not yet purchased at fair value. The Company is required to report the fair value of financial instruments. Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be exchanged to sell an asset or transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. Fair value measurements are not adjusted for transaction costs. The recognition of "block discounts" for large holdings of unrestricted financial instruments where quoted prices are readily and regularly available in an active market is prohibited. Gains and losses arising from financial instrument transactions are recorded net on a trade-date basis in trading income on the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Fair Value Measurements

          At September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, substantially all of Company's financial assets and liabilities, except for long-term borrowings and certain exchange memberships, were carried at fair value based on published market prices and are marked to market daily or were short-term in nature and were carried at amounts that approximate fair value.

          The Company's assets and liabilities have been categorized based upon a fair value hierarchy in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 820-10, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures. ASC 820-10 defines fair

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Table of Contents


Virtu Financial LLC and Subsidiaries

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or would be paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. ASC 820-10 requires a three level hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy level assigned to each financial instrument is based on the assessment of the transparency and reliability of the inputs used in the valuation of such financial instruments at the measurement date based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (level 1 measurement) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (level 3 measurements).

          Transfers in or out are recognized based on the beginning fair value of the period in which they occurred. There were no transfers of financial instruments between levels during the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and year ended December 31, 2012.

          Financial instruments measured and reported at fair value are classified and disclosed in one of the following categories based on inputs:

    Level 1 — Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities;

    Level 2 — Quoted prices in markets that are not active and financial instruments for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly;

    Level 3 — Prices or valuations that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable.

Derivative Instruments

          Derivative instruments used for trading purposes, including economic hedges of trading instruments, are carried at fair value. Fair values for exchange-traded derivatives, principally futures, are based on quoted market prices. Fair values for over-the-counter derivative instruments, principally forward contracts, are based on the values of the underlying financial instruments within the contract. The underlying derivative instruments are currencies which are actively traded on exchanges.

          Derivatives used for economic hedging purposes include futures, forward contracts, and options. Unrealized gains or losses on these derivative contracts are recognized currently in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income as trading income, net. The Company does not apply hedge accounting as defined in FASB ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging; accordingly all financial instruments are recorded at fair value with changes in fair values reflected in earnings.

Property and Equipment

          Property and equipment are carried at cost, less accumulated depreciation, except for the assets acquired in connection with the acquisition of MTH which were recorded at fair value on the date of acquisition. Depreciation is provided using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of the underlying asset. Routine maintenance, repairs and replacement costs are expensed as incurred and improvements that appreciably extend the useful life of the assets are capitalized. When property and equipment are sold or otherwise disposed of, the cost and related accumulated

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Table of Contents


Virtu Financial LLC and Subsidiaries

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is recognized in income. Property and equipment are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amount may not be recoverable.

          The useful lives of furniture and fixtures are as follows:

Furniture, fixtures and equipment   3 to 7 years
Leasehold improvements   7 years or length of lease term, whichever is shorter

Capitalized Software

          The Company accounts for the costs of computer software developed or obtained for internal use in accordance with ASC 350-40, Internal-Use Software. The Company capitalizes costs of materials, consultants and payroll and payroll related costs for employees incurred in developing internal-use software. Costs incurred during the preliminary project and post-implementation stages are charged to expense.

          Management's judgment is required in determining the point at which various projects enter the stages at which costs may be capitalized, in assessing the ongoing value of the capitalized costs, and in determining the estimated useful lives over which the costs are amortized.

          The Company's capitalized software development costs were approximately $7.3 million and $6.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012, respectively, with related amortization expense of approximately $8.5 million and $5.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Capitalized software development costs and related accumulated amortization are included in property, equipment and capitalized software on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of financial condition and are amortized over a period of 1.4 to 2.5 years, which represents the estimated useful lives of the underlying software.

Goodwill

          Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the underlying net tangible and intangible assets of our acquisitions. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment on an annual basis and between annual tests whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Goodwill is tested at the reporting unit level, which is defined as an operating segment or one level below the operating segment. We operate in one operating segment, which is our only reporting unit.

          The goodwill impairment test is a two-step process. The first step is used to identify potential impairment and compares the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step of the goodwill impairment test must be performed. The second step is used to measure the amount of impairment loss, if any, and compares the implied fair value of reporting unit goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. If the carrying amount of reporting unit goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of that goodwill, an impairment loss must be recognized in an amount equal to that excess.

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Table of Contents


Virtu Financial LLC and Subsidiaries

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

          The primary valuation methods we use to estimate the fair value of our reporting unit are the income and market approaches. In applying the income approach, projected available cash flows and the terminal value are discounted to present value to derive an indication of fair value of the business enterprise. The market approach compares the reporting unit to selected reasonably similar publicly-traded companies.

          The Company tests goodwill for impairment on an annual basis on July 1 and on an interim basis when certain events or circumstances exist. Based on the results of the annual impairment tests performed as of July 1, 2013 and 2012, no goodwill impairment was recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2013 or the year ended December 31, 2012, respectively.

Intangible Assets

          The Company amortizes finite-lived intangible assets over their estimated useful lives. Finite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment annually or when impairment indicators are present, and if impaired, written down to fair value. As a result of the acquisition of certain assets from CCG, the Company previously recorded an identifiable intangible asset, the rights for CCG to act as a DMM on the NYSE and the NYSE MKT (formerly NYSE Amex) (the "DMM" rights). The Company determined that the DMM rights were fully impaired as of December 31, 2012 and has written down the $1.5 million of remaining value of these assets to zero on its consolidated statements of financial condition as of December 31, 2012. The Company has no indefinite-lived intangibles.

Exchange Memberships and Stock

          Exchange memberships are recorded at cost or, if any other than temporary impairment in value has occurred, at a value that reflects management's estimate of fair value, in accordance with ASC 940-340, Financial Services — Broker and Dealers. Exchange stock includes shares that the Company is required to hold in order to maintain certain trading privileges. The shares are marked to market with the corresponding gain or loss recorded in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $1.1 million and $0.1 million on its membership seats which is recorded in operations and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The Company's exchange memberships and stock are included in other assets on the consolidated statements of financial condition.

Trading Income

          Trading income consists of trading gains and losses that are recorded on a trade date basis and reported on a net basis. Trading income is comprised of changes in the fair value of trading assets and liabilities (i.e., unrealized gains and losses) and realized gains and losses on trading assets and liabilities.

Interest and Dividends Income/Interest and Dividends Expense

          Interest income and interest expense is accrued in accordance with contractual rates. Interest income consists of interest earned on collateralized financing arrangements and on cash held by

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Table of Contents


Virtu Financial LLC and Subsidiaries

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

brokers. Interest expense includes interest expense from collateralized transactions, margin and related lines of credit. Dividends are recorded on the ex-dividend date and interest is recognized on the accrual basis.

Technology Services

          Technology services revenues consist of fees paid by third parties for licensing of our proprietary risk management and trading infrastructure technology and provision of associated management and hosting services. These fees include both upfront and annual recurring fees. Revenue from technology services is recognized once persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the fee is fixed or determinable and collectability is probable. Revenue is recognized ratably over the contractual service period.

             

             

Rebates

          Rebates consist of volume discounts, credits or payments received from exchanges or other market places related to the placement and/or removal of liquidity from the order flow in the marketplace. Rebates are recorded on an accrual basis and included net within brokerage, exchange and clearance fees in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Income Taxes

          The Company is a limited liability company and is treated as a pass-through entity for United States federal, state, and local income tax purposes. Accordingly, no provision for income taxes is required.

          Certain of the Company's wholly owned subsidiaries are subject to income taxes in foreign jurisdictions. The provision for income tax is comprised of current tax and deferred tax. Current tax represents the tax on current year tax returns, using tax rates enacted at the balance sheet date. A deferred tax asset is recognized only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable income will be available against which the asset can be utilized.

          The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position, in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the applicable taxing authority, including resolution of the appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the consolidated financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit for each such position that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution. Many factors are considered when evaluating and estimating the tax positions and tax benefits. Such estimates involve interpretations of regulations, rulings, case law, etc. and are inherently complex. The Company's estimates may require periodic adjustments and may not accurately anticipate actual outcomes as resolution of income tax treatments in individual jurisdictions typically would not be known for several years after completion of any fiscal year. The Company has determined that there are no uncertain tax positions that would have a material

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Table of Contents


Virtu Financial LLC and Subsidiaries

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

impact on the Company's financial position as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 or the results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012.

Comprehensive Income and Foreign Currency Translation

          The Company's operating results are reported in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income pursuant to Accounting Standards Update 2011-05, Comprehensive Income.

          Comprehensive income consists of two components: net income and other comprehensive income ("OCI"). OCI is comprised of revenues, expenses, gains and losses that are reported in the comprehensive income section of the consolidate statements of comprehensive income, but are excluded from reported net income. The Company's OCI is comprised of foreign currency translation adjustments. Assets and liabilities of operations having non-U.S. dollar functional currencies are translated at year-end exchange rates, and income statement accounts are translated at weighted average exchange rates for the year. Gains and losses resulting from translating foreign currency financial statements, net of related tax effects, are reflected in other comprehensive income, a separate component of members' equity.

Share-Based Compensation

          The Company accounts for share-based compensation transactions with employees under the provisions of ASC 718, Compensation: Stock Compensation. ASC 718 requires a share-based payment transaction with employees to be measured based on the fair value of equity instruments issued. The fair value of awards issued for compensation is determined by management, with the assistance of an independent third party valuation firm, using a projected annual forfeiture rate, where applicable, on the date of grant. The fair value of share based awards granted to employees is amortized over the vesting period of the award.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

          Fair Value Measurements (Topic 820) — In May 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-04, Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRSs. This update amends existing guidance on fair value measurements related to (i) instruments held in a portfolio, (ii) instruments classified within members' equity, (iii) application of the "highest and best use" concept to nonfinancial assets, (iv) application of blockage factors and other premiums and discounts in the valuation process and (v) other matters. In addition, ASU 2011-04 expanded the required disclosures around fair value measurements, including (i) reporting the level in the fair value hierarchy used to value assets and liabilities which are not measured at fair value, but where fair value is disclosed, and (ii) qualitative disclosures about the sensitivity of Level 3 fair value measurements to changes in unobservable inputs used. This update was effective for the first interim or annual period beginning after December 15, 2011. The Company has adopted the provisions of ASU No. 2011-04 regarding fair value measurement and the adoption did not have a material impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company, other than additional disclosures.

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Virtu Financial LLC and Subsidiaries

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

          Balance Sheet (Topic 210) — In December 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-11, Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities. The amended standard requires an entity to disclose information about offsetting and related arrangements to enable users of its financial statements to understand the effect of those arrangements on its financial position. An entity is required to apply the amendments for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013, and interim periods within those annual periods. An entity should provide the disclosures required by those amendments retrospectively for all comparative periods presented. In January 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-01, Balance Sheet (Topic 210): Clarifying the Scope of Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities, which clarified that the scope of ASU 2011-11 is limited to include derivatives accounted for in accordance with Topic 815, including bifurcated embedded derivatives, repurchase agreements and reverse repurchase agreements, and securities borrowing and securities lending transactions that are either offset or subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement or similar agreement. The effective date is the same as the effective date of ASU 2011-11. These amendments did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements, other than additional disclosures.

          Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income  — In February 2013, the FASB issued an accounting update that created new disclosure requirements requiring entities to report the effect of significant reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income on the respective line items in net income if the amount being reclassified is required under US GAAP to be reclassified in its entirety to net income. The disclosure requirements became effective for the Company beginning on January 1, 2013. Since these amended principles require only additional disclosures concerning amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income, adoption has not affected the Company's condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income or notes to the consolidated financial statements.

3. Acquisitions

Nyenburgh Holdings B.V.

          On September 14, 2012, the Company acquired the European ETF Market Making assets of Nyenburgh Holding B.V., ("Nyenburgh") which include market making relationships with European ETF issuers and trading relationships with over-the-counter counterparties. The total purchase of $2.3 million was comprised of $1.9 million in cash and an equity award to a shareholder of Nyenburgh with a fair value of $0.4 million. The total purchase price was allocated to intangible assets of $1.9 million and goodwill of $0.4 million. The goodwill from this acquisition is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

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Virtu Financial LLC and Subsidiaries

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

4. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

          There were no changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the nine months ended September 30, 2013. The following table presents the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the year ended December 31, 2012:

(in thousands)
 
Goodwill
Acquired
 

Balance, December 31, 2011

  $ 715,014  

Acquisition of Nyenburgh Holding B.V. 

    365  
       

Balance, December 31, 2012

  $ 715,379  
       

          No goodwill impairment was recognized in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and the year ended December 31, 2012.

          Acquired intangible assets consisted of the following at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012:

 
  As of September 30, 2013
(in thousands)
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net Carrying
Amount
 
Useful Lives
(Years)

Purchased technology

  $ 110,000   $ 109,799   $ 201   1.4 to 2.5

ETF issuer relationships

    950     111     839   9

ETF buyer relationships

    950     111     839   9
                 

  $ 111,900   $ 110,021   $ 1,879    
                 

 

 
  As of December 31, 2012
(in thousands)
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net Carrying
Amount
 
Useful Lives
(Years)

Purchased technology

  $ 110,000   $ 109,201   $ 799   1.4 to 2.5

ETF issuer relationships

    950     31     919   9

ETF buyer relationships

    950     31     919   9
                 

  $ 111,900   $ 109,263   $ 2,637    
                 

          Amortization expense relating to finite-lived intangible assets was approximately $0.8 million and $58.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and is included in amortization of purchased intangibles and acquired capitalized software in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

          As discussed in Note 2, the Company tested its intangible assets for impairment as of December 31, 2012 and determined the DMM rights to be fully impaired and have written down such assets to zero.

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Virtu Financial LLC and Subsidiaries

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

5. Receivables from/Payables to Broker-Dealers and Clearing Organizations

          The following is a summary of receivables from and payables to brokers and exchanges at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012:

(in thousands)
 
September 30,
2013
 
December 31,
2012
 

Assets

             

Due from prime brokers

  $ 316,333   $ 84,464  

Deposits with clearing organizations

    30,139     30,886  

Net equity with futures commission merchants

    114,640     68,236  

Unsettled trades

    91,546     38,270  

Securities failed to deliver

    114,904     144,287  
           

Total receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations

  $ 667,562   $ 366,143  
           

Liabilities

             

Due to prime brokers

  $ 331,561   $ 152,380  

Net equity with futures commission merchants

    48,740     31,140  

Unsettled trades

    13,443     62,691  

Securities failed to receive

    4,727     6,297  
           

Total payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations

  $ 398,471   $ 252,508  
           

          Included in "Due from prime brokers" and "Net equity with futures commission merchants" is the outstanding principle balance on the Company's short-term credit facilities. The loan proceeds from the credit facilities are available only to meet the initial margin requirements associated with the Company's ordinary course futures and other trading positions, which are held in the Company's trading accounts with an affiliate of the respective financial institutions. The credit facilities are fully collateralized by the Company's trading accounts and deposit accounts with these financial institutions.

6. Collateralized Transactions

          The Company is permitted to sell or repledge securities received as collateral and use these securities to secure repurchase agreements, enter into securities lending transactions or deliver these securities to counterparties or clearing organizations to cover short positions. At September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, substantially all of the securities received as collateral have been repledged. Amounts relating to collateralized transactions at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 are summarized as follows:

(in thousands)
 
September 30,
2013
 
December 31,
2012
 

Securities received as collateral:

             

Securities borrowed

  $ 499,536   $ 421,164  

Securities purchased under agreements to resell

    830     70,075  
           

  $ 500,366   $ 491,239  
           

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Virtu Financial LLC and Subsidiaries

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

6. Collateralized Transactions (Continued)

          In the normal course of business, the Company pledges qualified securities with clearing organizations to satisfy daily margin and clearing fund requirements.

          Financial instruments owned and pledged, where the counterparty has the right to repledge, at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 consisted of the following:

(in thousands)
 
September 30,
2013
 
December 31,
2012
 

Equities

  $ 437,256   $ 302,222  

Exchange traded notes

    49,771     37,632  

U.S. government obligations

    40,935     11,965  
           

  $ 527,962   $ 351,819  
           

7. Property, Equipment and Capitalized Software

          Property, equipment and capitalized software consisted of the following at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012:

(in thousands)
 
September 30,
2013
 
December 31,
2012
 

Capitalized software costs

  $ 34,730   $ 27,820  

Leasehold improvements

    8,589     7,131  

Furniture and equipment

    47,098     31,097  
           

    90,417     66,048  

Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization

    (51,240 )   (34,589 )
           

Total property, equipment and capitalized software, net

  $ 39,177   $ 31,459  
           

          Depreciation expense for property and equipment for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 was approximately $9.1 million and $6.6 million, respectively, and is included within depreciation and amortization expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Amortization expense for capitalized software for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 was approximately $8.5 million and $5.8 million, and is included within depreciation and amortization expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

8. Borrowings

Broker-Dealer Credit Facilities

          The Company is a party to multiple credit facilities with a financial institution to finance overnight securities positions purchased as part of its ordinary course broker-dealer market making activities. One of the facilities is provided on a committed basis and is available for borrowings by one of the Company's broker-dealer subsidiaries up to a maximum of the lesser of $50.0 million or an amount determined based on agreed advance rates for pledged securities. In connection with this credit facility, the Company entered into a demand promissory note dated July 22, 2013. The other facilities with the same financial institution are provided on an uncommitted basis and are

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Virtu Financial LLC and Subsidiaries

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

8. Borrowings (Continued)

available for borrowings by the Company's broker-dealer subsidiaries up to a maximum amount of $100.0 million. The loans provided under the facility are collateralized by the Company's broker-dealer trading and deposit accounts with the same financial institution and, in the case of the committed facility, bears interest at a rate per annum at the Company's election equal to either an adjusted LIBOR rate or base rate, plus a margin of 1.25% per annum, or, in the case of the uncommitted facilities, at a rate set by the financial institution on a daily basis (1.01% at September 30, 2013 and 1.4% at December 31, 2012). As of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the outstanding principal balance on the demand promissory notes was $35.0 million and $80.0 million, respectively, which in each case was recorded within short-term borrowings in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.

          The Company was a party to a broker-dealer credit facility with a financial institution to finance overnight securities positions purchased as part of its ordinary course broker-dealer market making activities. In connection with this credit facility, the Company entered into a demand promissory note dated March 20, 2009. The promissory note was payable on demand with the outstanding balance being swept into a separate broker-dealer day loan credit facility with the same financial institution. The loan was collateralized by the Company's broker-dealer trading and deposit accounts with the same financial institution and bore interest at rate set by the financial institution on a daily basis. Any balance that was not paid upon demand bore interest at the higher of the rate in effect for such loan plus 2% or the prime rate plus 2%. The credit facility was terminated as of October 5, 2012.

Short-Term Credit Facilities

          The Company entered into a credit facility with a financial institution on April 26, 2010, amended on December 10, 2010 and July 1, 2011. The loan proceeds of the credit facility are available only for meeting the initial margin requirements associated with the Company's ordinary course futures trading positions held in its trading account with an affiliate of the financial institution, and the amount available for borrowing is the lesser of $35.0 million or 80% of the initial margin requirement. These borrowings are collateralized by the Company's trading accounts and deposit accounts with the financial institution and its brokerage affiliate. The loan is payable on demand and interest on daily unpaid principal balances bears interest at rate per annum quoted by the financial institution each day (1.68% at September 30, 2013 and 1.70% at December 31, 2012). Any balance that is not paid upon demand bears interest at the higher of the rate in effect for such loan plus 2% or the prime rate plus 2%. As of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the outstanding principal balance on the line was approximately $29.4 million and $23.9 million, respectively, which was recorded within receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. Interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 was approximately $0.4 million and $0.4 million, respectively, and recorded within interest and dividends expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

          The Company entered into a $200.0 million credit facility with a financial institution on June 29, 2011 which was increased to $300.0 on February 17, 2012. The loan proceeds of the credit facility are available only for meeting margin requirements associated with the products traded by the Company in the ordinary course using the financial institution's affiliate as its prime broker. The

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

8. Borrowings (Continued)

credit facility is collateralized by the Company's trading accounts for these products with the financial institution's affiliate and bears interest at 1.00% per annum in excess of the federal funds target rate of 0.25%. The credit facility is subject to certain financial covenants, including minimum account balances and loan ratios, as defined. The outstanding principal balance on the line of credit was approximately $157.6 million and $144.1 million as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively, and recorded within receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. Interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 was approximately $1.6 million and $1.6 million, respectively, and recorded within interest and dividends expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

          The Company entered into a credit facility with a financial institution on August 8, 2011 with approximately $10.0 million available for borrowing. The loan proceeds of the credit facility are available only to finance the Company's ordinary course securities positions held in its trading account with the financial institution's affiliate. The credit facility is collateralized by the securities held in such account and bears interest at the rate published by Bank of Mexico on business day immediately preceding the date on which the calculation is made. The outstanding balance thereunder was $1.7 million and $0, respectively, as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, and was recorded within receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. Interest expense for the nine months ended September, 2013 and 2012 was approximately $0.3 million and $0 million, respectively, and recorded within interest and dividends expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Senior Secured Credit Facility

          On July 8, 2011, the Company funded a portion of the MTH acquisition with a term loan provided by a syndicate of financial institutions in the amount of $320.0 million to the Company's wholly owned subsidiary, VFH Parent LLC ("VFH"). The credit facility was issued at a discount of 2.0% or $313.6 million, net of $6.4 million discount. The credit facility was initially subject to quarterly principal payments beginning on December 31, 2011 with the unpaid principal payable on maturity on July 8, 2016. Under the terms of the loan, VFH is subject to certain financial covenants, including a total net leverage ratio and an interest coverage ratio, as defined in the credit agreement. VFH is also subject to contingent principal payments based on excess cash flow, as defined in the credit agreement, and certain other triggering events. Borrowings are collateralized by substantially all the assets of the Company, other than the equity interests in and assets of its registered broker-dealer and foreign subsidiaries, but including 100% of the non-voting stock and 65% of the voting stock of the Company's or its domestic subsidiaries' direct foreign subsidiaries.

          The credit facility was amended on February 5, 2013 and May 1, 2013. The amendments resulted in a decreased interest rate, changes in certain operating covenants, and an increase in principal amount outstanding by $150.0 million. At our election the interest rate on the balance outstanding under the credit facility is equal to either (i) the greatest of (a) the prime rate in effect, (b) the federal funds effective rate (as defined in the credit agreement) plus 0.5% (c) the adjusted LIBOR rate (as defined in the credit agreement) for a Eurodollar borrowing with an interest period of one month plus 1%, and (d) 2.25% plus, in each case, 3.5%, or (ii) the greater of (x) the adjusted

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Virtu Financial LLC and Subsidiaries

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

8. Borrowings (Continued)

LIBOR rate for the interest period in effect and (y) 1.25%, plus 4.5%. The rate at September 30, 2013 was 5.75%. Additionally, the amendment and restated agreement reduced the annual amortization obligation from 15% of the original principal amount to approximately 1% of the outstanding principal amount as of May 1, 2013, which was $408.6 million. As a result of the February amendment, the Company recognized a loss of $4.6 million on extinguishment of a portion of its unamortized debt issue costs and debt discount for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, which is included within debt issue cost related to debt refinancing on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

          Aggregate future required principal payments based on the terms of this loan at September 30, 2013 were as follows:

(in thousands)
   
 

Remainder of 2013

  $ 1,026  

2014

    4,104  

2015

    4,104  

2016

    395,209  
       

Total maturities of long-term debt

  $ 404,443  
       

          Net carrying amount of deferred financing fees capitalized in connection with the financing were approximately $5.4 million and $5.8 million, respectively, as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, which are included within other assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. Amortization expense related to the deferred financing fees was approximately $2.1 million and $2.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and are included within financing interest expense on senior secured credit facility in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

          Accretion related to the net carrying amount of debt discount of $1.7 million and $3.7 million, respectively, as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, was approximately $0.5 million and $1.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 and is included within financing interest expense on senior secured credit facility in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

          On November 8, 2013, the senior secured credit facility was amended and restated resulting in an increased principal amount of $510 million.

9. Financial Assets and Liabilities

          At September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, substantially all of the Company's financial assets and liabilities, including financial instruments, were carried at fair value or are short-term in nature and were carried at amounts that approximate fair value. The Company's debt obligations are carried at historical amounts. The fair value of the Company's short-term borrowings outstanding approximated the carrying value at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012. The carrying value of the Company's long-term debt approximates fair value as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.

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Virtu Financial LLC and Subsidiaries

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

9. Financial Assets and Liabilities (Continued)

          The fair value of equities, U.S. government obligations and exchange traded notes is estimated using recently executed transactions and market price quotations in active markets and are categorized as Level 1. Fair value of the Company's derivative contracts is based on the indicative prices obtained from the banks that are counterparties to these contracts, as well as management's own analyses. The indicative prices have been independently validated through the Company's risk management systems, which are designed to check prices with information independently obtained from exchanges and venues where such financial instruments are listed or to compare prices of similar instruments with similar maturities for listed financial futures in foreign exchange. At September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the Company's derivative contracts have been categorized as Level 2 of the ASC 820-10 fair value hierarchy.

          Fair value measurements for those items measured on a recurring basis are summarized below as of September 30, 2013:

(in thousands)
 
Quoted
Prices in
Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Counter-
Party
Netting
  Total Fair
Value
 

Assets

                               

Financial instruments owned, at fair value:

                               

Equity securities

  $ 1,471,644   $   $   $   $ 1,471,644  

U.S. government obligations

    69,914                 69,914  

Exchange traded notes

    21,486                 21,486  

Currency forwards

        142,848         (142,848 )    

Options

        596             596  
                       

  $ 1,563,044   $ 143,444   $   $ (142,848 ) $ 1,563,640  
                       

Financial instruments owned, pledged as collateral:

                               

Equity securities

  $ 437,256   $   $   $   $ 437,256  

U.S. government obligations

    40,935                 40,935  

Exchange traded notes

    49,771                 49,771  
                       

  $ 527,962   $   $   $   $ 527,962  
                       

Other Assets

                               

Exchange stock

  $ 6,855   $   $   $   $ 6,855  
                       

  $ 6,855   $   $   $   $ 6,855  
                       

Liabilities

                               

Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value:

                               

Equity securities

  $ 1,649,460   $   $   $   $ 1,649,460  

Exchange traded notes

    26,357                 26,357  

Currency forwards

        183,868         (142,848 )   41,020  

Options

        504             504  
                       

  $ 1,675,817   $ 184,372   $   $ (142,848 ) $ 1,717,341  
                       

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Virtu Financial LLC and Subsidiaries

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

9. Financial Assets and Liabilities (Continued)

          Excluded from the table above is variation margin on long and short futures contracts in the amount of $(133.7) million which is included within Receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations and $(0.3) million which is included within Payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations.

          Fair value measurements for those items measured on a recurring basis are summarized below as of December 31, 2012:

(in thousands)
 
Quoted
Prices in
Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Counter-
Party
Netting
 
Total Fair
Value
 

Assets

                               

Financial instruments owned, at fair value:

                               

Equity securities

  $ 1,076,024   $   $   $   $ 1,076,024  

Exchange traded notes

    35,440                 35,440  

Currency forwards

        432,980         (384,609 )   48,371  

Options

        911             911  
                       

  $ 1,111,464   $ 433,891   $   $ (384,609 ) $ 1,160,746  
                       

Financial instruments owned, pledged as collateral:

                               

Equity securities

  $ 302,222   $   $   $   $ 302,222  

U.S. government obligations

    37,632                 37,632  

Exchange traded notes

    11,965                 11,965  
                       

  $ 351,819   $   $   $   $ 351,819  
                       

Other assets:

                               

Exchange stock

  $ 5,148   $   $   $   $ 5,148  
                       

Liabilities

                               

Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value:

                               

Equity securities

  $ 995,320   $   $   $   $ 995,320  

U.S. government obligations

    67,566                       67,566  

Exchange traded notes

    7,265                 7,265  

Currency forwards

        410,474         (384,609 )   25,865  

Options

        1,444             1,444  
                       

  $ 1,070,151   $ 411,918   $   $ (384,609 ) $ 1,097,460  
                       

          Excluded from the table above is variation margin on long and short futures contracts in the amount of $15.1 million which are included within Receivables from brokers-dealers and clearing

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Virtu Financial LLC and Subsidiaries

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

9. Financial Assets and Liabilities (Continued)

organizations and $1.9 million which are included within Payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations.

          The Company adopted the guidance in ASU 2013-01, Balance Sheet (Topic 210): Clarifying the Scope of Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities for periods beginning after January 1, 2013. This authoritative guidance requires companies to report disclosures of offsetting assets and liabilities. The Company has applied the guidance retrospectively to the year ended 2012.

          The Company does not net securities borrowed and securities loaned, which are presented on a gross basis in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. In the tables below, the amounts of derivative financial instruments owned that are not offset in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of financial condition, but could be netted against financial liabilities with specific counterparties under master netting agreements, including clearing houses (exchange traded futures and options contracts) or over the counter currency forward contract counterparties, are presented to provide financial statement readers with the Company's estimate of its net exposure to counterparties for these derivative financial instruments.

          The following tables set forth the netting of financial assets and of financial liabilities as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, pursuant to the requirements of ASU 2011-11 and ASU 2013-01 (thousands). The Company has made adjustments to previously disclosed amounts in the tables below as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012. As of September 30, 2013, the adjustments decrease the gross amounts not offset in the condensed consolidated statement of financial condition and increase net exposure by $5.0 million in securities borrowed. In addition, $133.7 million relating to futures contracts was formerly presented in gross amounts not offset in the condensed consolidated statement of financial condition is now presented in gross amounts offset in the condensed consolidated statement of financial condition. As of December 31, 2012, the adjustments decrease the gross amounts not offset in the condensed consolidated statement of financial condition and increase net exposure by $1.1 million, $2.4 million, and $0.2 million in securities borrowed, currency forwards, and securities loaned, respectively. In addition, $1.9 million relating to futures contracts, formerly presented in gross amounts not offset in the condensed consolidated statement of financial condition, is now presented in gross amounts offset in the

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Table of Contents


Virtu Financial LLC and Subsidiaries

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

9. Financial Assets and Liabilities (Continued)

condensed consolidated statement of financial condition. We do not believe these adjustments are material to the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for either period.

 
  September 30, 2013  
 
   
   
   
  Gross Amounts Not
Offset in the
Condensed Consolidated
Statement of
Financial Condition
   
 
 
   
  Gross Amounts
Offset in the
Condensed
Consolidated
Statement of
Financial
Condition
  Net Amounts of
Assets Presented
in the Condensed
Consolidated
Statement of
Financial Condition
   
 
 
  Gross
Amounts of
Recognized
Assets
   
 
 
  Financial
Instruments
  Cash
Collateral
Received
  Net
Exposure
 

Offsetting of Financial Assets:

                                     

Securities borrowed

  $ 514,822       $ 514,822   $ (509,853 ) $   $ 4,969  

Securities purchased under agreements to resell

    834         834     (834 )        

Receivables from broker dealers and clearing organizations

                                     

Futures contracts

    (133,684 )   133,684                  

Trading assets, at fair value:

                                     

Currency forwards

    142,848     (142,848 )                

Options

    596           596     (473 )   (123 )    
                           

Total

  $ 525,416   $ (9,164 ) $ 516,252   $ (511,160 ) $ (123 ) $ 4,969  
                           

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Table of Contents


Virtu Financial LLC and Subsidiaries

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

9. Financial Assets and Liabilities (Continued)


 
   
   
   
  Gross Amounts Not
Offset in the
Condensed Consolidated
Statement of
Financial Condition
   
 
 
   
  Gross Amounts
Offset in the
Condensed
Consolidated
Statement of
Financial
Condition
  Net Amounts of
Liabilities
Presented
in the Condensed
Consolidated
Statement of
Financial Condition
   
 
 
  Gross
Amounts of
Recognized
Liabilities
   
 
 
  Financial Instruments   Cash Collateral Pledged   Net Exposure  

Offsetting of Financial Liabilities:

                                     

Securities loaned

  $ 900,910       $ 900,910   $ (900,910 ) $   $  

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase

    40,898         40,898     (40,898 )        

Payables to broker dealers and clearing organizations

                                     

Futures contracts

    308         308         (308 )    

Trading liabilities, at fair value:

                                     

Currency forwards

    183,868     (142,848 )   41,020         (41,020 )    

Options

    504         504     (383 )   (121 )    
                           

Total

  $ 1,126,488   $ (142,848 ) $ 983,640   $ (942,191 ) $ (41,449 ) $  
                           

 

 
  December 31, 2012  
 
   
   
   
  Gross Amounts Not
Offset in the
Condensed
Consolidated
Statement of
Financial Condition
   
 
 
   
  Gross Amounts
Offset in the
Condensed
Consolidated
Statement of
Financial
Condition
  Net Amounts of
Assets Presented
in the Condensed
Consolidated
Statement of
Financial Condition
   
 
 
  Gross
Amounts of
Recognized
Assets
   
 
 
  Financial
Instruments
  Cash
Collateral
Received
  Net
Exposure
 

Offsetting of Financial Assets:

                                     

Securities borrowed

  $ 429,319       $ 429,319   $ (428,229 ) $   $ 1,090  

Securities purchased under agreements to resell

    70,082         70,082     (70,082 )        

Receivables from broker dealers and clearing organizations

                                     

Futures contracts

    15,098         15,098     (615 )   (14,483 )    

Trading assets, at fair value:

                                     

Currency forwards

    432,980     (384,609 )   48,371         (45,929 )   2,442  

Options

    911         911     (911 )        
                           

Total

  $ 948,390   $ (384,609 ) $ 563,781   $ (499,837 ) $ (60,412 ) $ 3,532  
                           

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Table of Contents


Virtu Financial LLC and Subsidiaries

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

9. Financial Assets and Liabilities (Continued)


 
   
   
   
  Gross Amounts Not
Offset in the
Condensed
Consolidated
Statement of
Financial Condition
   
 
 
   
  Gross Amounts
Offset in the
Condensed
Consolidated
Statement of
Financial
Condition
  Net Amounts of
Liabilities
Presented
in the Condensed
Consolidated
Statement of
Financial Condition
   
 
 
  Gross
Amounts of
Recognized
Liabilities
   
 
 
  Financial
Instruments
  Cash
Collateral
Pledged
  Net
Exposure
 

Offsetting of Financial Liabilities:

                                     

Securities loaned

  $ 737,328       $ 737,328   $ (737,168 ) $   $ 160  

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase

    14,934         14,934     (14,934 )        

Payables to broker dealers and clearing organizations

                                     

Futures contracts

    (1,891 )   1,891                  

Trading liabilities, at fair value:

                                     

Currency forwards

    410,474     (384,609 )   25,865         (25,865 )    

Options

    1,444         1,444     (1,444 )        
                           

Total

  $ 1,162,289   $ (382,718 ) $ 779,571   $ (753,546 ) $ (25,865 ) $ 160  
                           

10. Derivative Instruments

          The fair value of the Company's derivative instruments on a gross basis consisted of the following at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012:

 
   
  September 30,   December 31,  
 
   
  2013   2012  
(in thousands)
   
 
Fair
Value
   
 
Fair
Value
   
 
Derivatives Assets
 
Balance Sheet Classification
 
Notional
 
Notional
 

Equities futures

  Receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations   $ 700   $ 331,370   $ (3,063 ) $ 981,586  

Commodity futures

  Receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations     (143,491 )   49,812,819     10,535     40,643,565  

Currency futures

  Receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations     9,159     2,069,168     7,549     453,972  

Treasury futures

  Receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations     (52 )   125,148     77     2,019,332  

Options

  Financial instruments owned     596     38,517     911     56,124  

Currency forwards

  Financial instruments owned     142,848     52,642,866     432,980     55,768,932  

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Virtu Financial LLC and Subsidiaries

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

10. Derivative Instruments (Continued)

 

Derivatives Liabilities
 
Balance Sheet Classification
 
Fair Value
 
Notional
 
Fair Value
 
Notional
 

Equities futures

  Payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations   $ (5,113 ) $ 1,778,347   $ 524   $ 27,726  

Commodity futures

  Payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations             5,986     1,997,965  

Currency futures

  Payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations     3,505     1,649,256     (4,008 )   956,390  

Treasury futures

  Payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations     (14 )   148,959              

Custom equity based swap

  Payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations     1,314     108,112     (611 )   50,852  

Options

  Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased     504     37,768     1,444     51,146  

Currency forwards

  Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased     183,868     51,663,791     410,474     57,891,555  

          Amounts included in receivables from and payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations represent variation margin on long and short futures contracts.

          The following table summarizes the gain impact that derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815 had on the results of operations, which are recorded in trading income, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012:

 
  September 30,   September 30,  
(in thousands)
 
2013
 
2012
 

Futures

  $ 137,455   $ 202,167  

Currency forwards

    (59,418 )   (39,353 )

Options

    2,341     3,237  
           

  $ 80,378   $ 166,051  
           

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Table of Contents


Virtu Financial LLC and Subsidiaries

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

11. Income Taxes

          Net income (loss) before income taxes is as follows for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012:

 
 
2013
 
2012
 

U.S. operations

  $ 114,847   $ 64,888  

Non-U.S. operations

    44,517     6,571  
           

  $ 159,364   $ 71,459  
           

          The provision for income taxes consists of the following for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012:

(in thousands)
 
2013
 
2012
 

Current provision

             

Non-US

  $ 2,136   $ 1,732  
           

Deferred benefit

             

Non-US

    1,897     513  
           

Provision for income taxes

  $ 4,033   $ 2,245  
           

          The reconciliation of the tax provision at the U.S. Federal Statutory Rate to the provision for income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 is as follows:

(in thousands, except percentages)
  2013   2012  

Tax provision at the U.S. federal statutory rate

  $       $      

Foreign taxes

    4,033     2.5 %   2,245     3.1 %
                   

Provision (benefit) for income taxes

  $ 4,033     2.5 % $ 2,245     3.1 %
                   

          The components of the deferred tax assets and liabilities as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 are as follows:

 
  September 30,   December 31,  
(in thousands)
 
2013
 
2012
 

Deferred income tax assets

             

Other

  $ 236   $ 113  

Tax credits and net operating loss carryforwards

    540     1,928  
           

Total deferred income tax assets

  $ 776   $ 2,041  
           

Deferred income tax liabilities

             

Fixed assets

  $ 908   $ 678  
           

Total deferred income tax liabilities

  $ 908   $ 678  
           

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Table of Contents


Virtu Financial LLC and Subsidiaries

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

11. Income Taxes (Continued)

          A deferred tax asset relating to the Ireland carryforward losses has been recognized in the amount of $0.5 million and $2.0 million as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively. The provisions of ASC 740 require that carrying amounts of deferred tax assets be reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Accordingly, the need to establish valuation allowances for deferred tax assets is assessed periodically with appropriate consideration given to all positive and negative evidence related to the realization of the deferred tax assets. A valuation allowance against deferred tax assets at the balance sheet date is not considered necessary, because it is more likely than not the deferred tax asset will be fully realized.

          Tax authorities in certain countries, such as Ireland, have not conducted any income tax audits of the Company. The Ireland subsidiary's returns are generally subject to review by the tax authority for certain purposes for 5 years from the end of the accounting period. The Company does not believe any adjustments that may arise from any subsequent examinations will be significant. There are no unrecognized tax benefits as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.

12. Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees

Operating Leases

          The Company leases office space and office and communication equipment under various operating lease agreements, which expire at various dates. Certain lease agreements are non-cancellable with aggregate minimum lease payment requirements and contain certain escalation clauses. The total future minimum payment under non-cancellable operating leases is approximately $22.4 million as of September 30, 2013.

Capital Leases

          The Company also leases communication equipment under various capital lease agreements, which expire at various dates. Certain lease agreements are non-cancellable with aggregate minimum lease payment requirements and contain certain escalation clauses. The total future minimum payment under non-cancellable capital leases is approximately $8.6 million as of September 30, 2013.

Employee Retention Plan

          In connection with the July 8, 2011 acquisition of MTH, the Company established an employee retention plan. Under the plan, approximately $21.5 million has been or will be paid to employees in five installments from July 8, 2011 through July 8, 2014. The Company recognized approximately $4.7 million and $4.7 million, respectively, in compensation expense related to the plan, for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, in acquisition related retention bonus in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

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Virtu Financial LLC and Subsidiaries

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

12. Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees (Continued)

Consulting Agreements

          In connection with the December 9, 2011 acquisition of CCG, on September 30, 2011, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with CCG's founder and managing member to provide advisory services to the Company for the DMM business. The Company will pay a consulting fee of $0.5 million per year during the three year term, payable on a quarterly basis starting on the three-month anniversary of the date of the agreement. For the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, the Company paid approximately $0.4 million and $0.4 million, respectively, for the services received which is recorded in operations and administrative expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

          The Company also has engaged other consultants to provide services in relation to tax, regulatory and public affairs. The Company paid these consultants, on an aggregate basis, $0.3 million and $0.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and the year ended December 31, 2012, respectively.

Litigation

          The Company is subject to various legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. The Company may also be involved, from time to time, in other reviews, investigations, and proceedings (formal and informal) by governmental and self-regulatory agencies regarding the Company's business. Certain of these matters may result in adverse judgments, settlements, fines, penalties, injunctions or other relief. The Company disputes liabilities in connection with all such proceedings and claims, and the Company intends to vigorously defend itself to all such proceedings and claims. However, the ultimate effect on the Company from the pending proceedings and claims, if any, is presently unknown. Where available information indicates that it is probable a liability had been incurred at the date of the financial statements and the Company can reasonably estimate the amount of that loss, the Company accrues the estimated loss by a charge to income. Management believes that the resolution of any known matters will not result in any material adverse effect on the Company's financial position results of operations or cash flows.

Indemnification Arrangements

          Consistent with standard business practices in the normal course of business, the Company has provided general indemnifications to its managers, officers, employees, and agents against expenses, judgments, fines, settlements, and other amounts actually and reasonably incurred by such persons under certain circumstances as more fully disclosed in its operating agreement. The overall maximum amount of the obligations (if any) cannot reasonably be estimated as it will depend on the facts and circumstances that give rise to any future claims.

13. Related Party Transactions

          The Company did not enter into any material related party transactions as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012.

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Virtu Financial LLC and Subsidiaries

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

14. Capital Structure

          The Company has issued three classes of members interests: Class A-1 members interests; Class A-2 members interests; and Class B members interests. Class A-2 members interests include both Class A-2 capital interests and Class A-2 profits interests.

Class A-1 Interests

          Class A-1 interests are convertible by the holders at any time into an equivalent number of Class A-2 capital interests and are automatically converted upon a qualified initial public offering ("IPO") or qualified sale (as defined in the Company's Amended and Restated Limited Liability Agreement dated April 17, 2011, as amended from time to time). Unless and until such conversion occurs, holders of the Class A-1 members interests are entitled to a number of rights and benefits including: (i) a preference in distributions upon a sale or other specified capital transaction of the Company until their capital contribution balance is reduced to zero; and (ii) a preference in any liquidation or winding up of the Company. An affiliate of Silver Lake Partners that owns Class A-1 interests (the "Silver Lake Member") also has the right to call for redemption and the right to appoint two of five members on the Company's board of directors and possess approval rights with respect to certain board actions and corporate events. There were 25,000,000 Class A-1 redeemable membership interests and 1,964,826 Class A-1 interests issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, with an aggregate capital balance of approximately $270 million. There were no Class A-1 interests granted, forfeited, distributed or redeemed during the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and the year ended December 31, 2012.

Class A-2 Interests

          Class A-2 interests include both Class A-2 capital interests and Class A-2 profits interests. Approximately 95 million Class A-2 capital interests are issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2013. Class A-2 profits interests are issued to Virtu Employee Holdco LLC ("Employee Holdco"), a holding company which holds the interests on behalf of certain key employees or stakeholders. Employee Holdco issues Class A-2 profits interests of Employee Holdco to such employees and stakeholders which correspond to the underlying Class A-2 profits interests held by Employee Holdco. There were 2,268,908 and 2,298,957 Class A-2 profits interests issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively. Approximately 58,270 and 102,627 Class A-2 profits interests were issued during the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012. Holders of Class A-2 profits interests share in distributions of available cash flow based on the ratio of interests held to the total number of Class A-1 and Class A-2 interests outstanding, and also share on a pro rata basis in the proceeds of a liquidity event, subject to a valuation hurdle determined by the Company at the time of the grant based on a valuation performed by a third party valuation firm. Holders of the Class A-2 profits interests share in the proceeds of a liquidity event above such valuation hurdle, and receive a preference on such distributions above such valuation threshold until all holders of Class A-2 profits interests subject to such valuation threshold have been allocated capital proceeds equal to the deemed capital contribution attributable to such Class A-2 profits interests as determined by the Company at the time of the grant.

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Table of Contents


Virtu Financial LLC and Subsidiaries

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

14. Capital Structure (Continued)

Class B Interests

          The Company previously approved the Virtu Financial LLC Management Incentive Plan (the "MIP"). Participants of the MIP are entitled to receive either Class B Interests of VF or Class B interests of Employee Holdco, which holds directly the corresponding Class B interests in the Company. Upon a liquidity event, Class B interests under the MIP are entitled to share proportionately in distributions in excess of the applicable profits interest valuation hurdle, which is determined by the Company based on a valuation at the time of the grant performed by a third party valuation firm. Class B interests are non-voting interests which vest over a four year period and upon a sale, initial public offering or certain other capital transactions of VF. Class B interests are subject to forfeiture and repurchase provisions upon certain termination events. Class B interests are subject to forfeiture and repurchase provisions upon certain termination events. Class B interests representing a right to share in 11.065% and 11.715% of capital proceeds (on a fully diluted basis) were issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012. No Class B interests were issued during the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012.

Distribution and Liquidation Rights

          Holders of Class A-1 and Class A-2 interests share in distributions of available cash flow based on the ratio of interests held to the total number of Class A-1 and Class A-2 interests outstanding. Holders of Class B interests are not entitled to share in such distributions.

          As of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, unless and until converted to Class A-2 members' interests, upon occurrence of a capital transaction, Class A-1 interests are entitled to distributions of capital proceeds until Class A-1 members' unrecovered capital balance (as defined) has been reduced to zero. After distributions to Class A-1 members, capital proceeds are provided to Class A-2 capital members until Class A-2 capital members' unrecovered capital balance (as defined) have been reduced to zero. After distributions to Class A-1 and Class A-2 members, distributions of capital proceeds are provided to members in respect to their respective capital proceeds percentages (as defined), subject to the valuation hurdles and distribution preferences applicable to holders of Class A-2 profits interests. Holders of vested Class B interests share in distributions of capital proceeds above the applicable valuation hurdle proportionately based on their capital proceeds percentages.

          In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution, winding up, merger or company sale, distributions are made, first, to Class A-1 members' unrecovered capital balance (as defined) until they have been reduced to zero. Second, to Class A-2 capital members, in proportion to their unrecovered capital balance (as defined) until reduced to zero and then to members in respect to their capital proceeds percentages (as defined), subject to the valuation hurdles and distribution preferences applicable to holders of Class A-2 profits interests.

Conversion Rights

          As of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the Class A-1 members' units are convertible into Class A-2 interests at any time at the option of the Class A-1 member on a

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Table of Contents


Virtu Financial LLC and Subsidiaries

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

14. Capital Structure (Continued)

one-for-one basis. The Class A-1 members' interests are automatically converted upon a qualified IPO or qualified sale. Qualified IPO is defined as an initial public offering on the New York Stock Exchange or Nasdaq National Market in which the gross proceeds raised equal or exceed $250.0 million and the valuation of the Company implies a return to the Silver Lake Member equal to at least (after taking into account previous distributions) 1.75 times the invested amount. Qualified sale is defined as a sale of all or a majority of the assets of the Company or all or a majority of the limited liability company interests of the Company to a third party that is not an affiliate or other permitted transferee of any member as long as the sale (i) is for consideration consisting entirely of cash and/or marketable securities and would satisfy the minimum return requirement (as defined) or (ii) was approved by the Silver Lake Member.

Redemption Rights

          Unless and until conversion occurs, the Silver Lake Member is entitled to a number of rights and benefits, including the right to call for redemption of its Class A-1 interests any time on or after November 24, 2016.

          As of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the redemption price for each unit of Class A-1 interests owned by the Silver Lake Member is the greater of (i) the unrecovered capital balance and (ii) the fair market value of the Class A-1 interests on the date of redemption. The Company may redeem the Class A-1 interests using a redemption note provided that all available cash flow and all capital proceeds are used to pay down the redemption note. For so long as the redemption note is outstanding, holders of the redemption note whose outstanding principal balance exceeds 50% of the aggregate principal amount of the redemption note shall retain any approval and consent rights as if all Class A-1 interests subject to such redemption continued to be owned.

          In lieu of redemption, the Silver Lake Member can require the Company to purchase all of the equity securities of the affiliated entity or entities that directly or indirectly own their Class A-1 interests provided that any such entity has not conducted any business or operations since inception other than the direct or indirect ownership of the interests of the Company.

          The redeemable equity instrument is classified outside of permanent equity on the statements of financial condition.

          In the event of termination of the employment of an employee on whose behalf Employee Holdco holds vested Class A-2 profits interests or Class B interests, the Company shall have the right but not the obligation to repurchase the applicable interests held by Employee Holdco, which would make a corresponding repurchase of the interests held by the terminated employee. The repurchase price payable by the Company in the event that it exercises its repurchase right with respect to Class A-2 profits interests is based on the value of the award at the date of issuance. In the event of a repurchase by the Company of Class B interests held by Employee Holdco on behalf of a terminated employee, the Company shall pay a call price determined by the manager, not to exceed the fair market value of such interests.

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Table of Contents


Virtu Financial LLC and Subsidiaries

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

14. Capital Structure (Continued)

East Management Incentive Plan

          On July 8, 2011, 2,625,000 Class A-2 capital interests were contributed by Class A-2 members to Virtu East MIP LLC ("East MIP"). East MIP issued Class A interests to the members who contributed the Class A-2 capital interests, and Class B interests ("East MIP Class B Interests") to certain key employees. East MIP Class B Interests are non-voting interests which vest over the four year period ending July 8, 2015, but in any event no earlier than upon the occurrence of a sale, initial public offering or certain other capital transactions of VF. Vested East MIP Class B Interests are entitled to participate in distributions of the proceeds received in respect of the Class A-2 capital interests held by East MIP upon a sale or certain other capital transactions of VF. East MIP Class B Interests are subject to forfeiture and repurchase provisions upon certain termination events. The Company has not recognized compensation expense under this plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012.

15. Share-based Compensation

          During the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012, the Company granted Class A-2 profits interests to certain employees vesting over a period of 4 years, in each case subject to repurchase provisions upon certain termination events, as described above (Note 14). These awards are accounted for as equity awards and are measured at the date of grant. For the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012, the Company recorded $0.5 million and $0.1 million in expense recognized relating to these awards, and other vesting awards granted in prior periods still subject to vesting. As of September 30, 2013, total unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to these Class A-2 profits interests that have not vested was $1.9 million and this amount is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.9 years.

          Activity in the Class A-2 profits interests is as follows:

 
 
# of Profits
Interests
 

Outstanding December 31, 2011

    646,801  

Interests granted

    1,705,704  

Interests repurchased

    (53,548 )
       

Outstanding December 31, 2012

    2,298,957  

Interests granted

    58,270  

Interests repurchased

    (88,319 )
       

Outstanding September 30, 2013

    2,268,908  

          As indicated in Note 14, East MIP Class B Interests are subject to time based vesting over four years and only fully vest upon the consummation of a qualifying capital transaction by the Company, including an initial public offering. As of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively, a capital transaction was not probable, and therefore none of the East MIP Class B interests were vested and no compensation expense was recognized relating to these awards. Upon the occurrence of a qualifying capital transaction, including the completion of an initial public

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Virtu Financial LLC and Subsidiaries

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

15. Share-based Compensation (Continued)

offering, the Company expects to recognize compensation expense in an amount equal to the fair value of outstanding time-vested East MIP Class B Interests as of the date of the transaction, with the fair value of the unvested East MIP Class B Interests recognized as a compensation expense ratably over the remaining vesting period.

          In addition, during 2012 certain employees have been granted Class B interests. As discussed in Note 14, Class B interests vest only upon the occurrence of both time-based vesting over a four year period and the consummation of a qualifying capital transaction by the Company. As of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively, a capital transaction was not probable, and therefore none of the Class B interests were vested and no compensation expense was recognized relating to previously awarded Class B interests. Upon the occurrence of a qualifying capital transaction, including the completion of an initial public offering, the Company expects to recognize compensation expense in an amount equal to the fair value of outstanding time-vested Class B interests as of the date of the transaction, with the fair value of the unvested Class B interests recognized as compensation expense ratably over the remaining vesting period.

16. Regulatory Requirement

          As of September 30, 2013, two subsidiaries of the Company are subject to the Securities Exchange Commission ("SEC") Uniform Net Capital Rule 15c3-1 which requires the maintenance of minimum net capital of $1.0 million for each of the two broker-dealers. At September 30, 2013, the subsidiaries have net capital of approximately $54.4 million and $9.6 million, which was approximately $53.4 million and $8.6 million in excess of its required net capital of $1.0 million and $1.0 million, respectively. At December 31, 2012, the subsidiaries have net capital of approximately $58.1 million and $9.7 million, which was approximately $57.1 million and $8.7 million in excess of its required net capital of $1.0 million and $1.0 million, respectively.

17. Financial Instruments with Off Balance Sheet Risk and Concentration of Risk

          The Company maintains U.S. checking accounts with balances frequently in excess of $250,000. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") insures combined accounts up to $250,000.

Credit Risk

          Credit risk represents the maximum potential loss that the Company would incur if the counterparties failed to perform pursuant to the terms of their agreements with the Company. The Company regularly transacts business with major U.S. and foreign financial institutions. The Company is subject to credit risk to the extent that the brokers may be unable to fulfill their obligations either to return the Company's securities or repay amounts owed. In the normal course of its securities activities, the Company may be required to pledge securities as collateral, whereby the prime brokers have the right, under the terms of the prime brokerage agreements, to sell or repledge the securities of the Company. The Company manages credit risk by limiting the total amount of arrangements outstanding, both by individual counterparty and in the aggregate, by monitoring the size and maturity structure of its portfolio and by applying uniform credit standards for all activities associated with credit risk.

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Virtu Financial LLC and Subsidiaries

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

17. Financial Instruments with Off Balance Sheet Risk and Concentration of Risk (Continued)

          The purchase and sale of futures contracts requires margin deposits with a Futures Commission Merchant ("FCM"). The Commodity Exchange Act requires an FCM to segregate all customer transactions and assets from the FCM's proprietary activities. A customer's cash and other equity deposited with an FCM are considered commingled with all other customer funds subject to the FCM's segregation requirements. In the event of an FCM's insolvency, recovery may be limited to the Company's pro rata share of segregated customer funds available. It is possible that the recovery amount could be less than the total cash and other equity deposited.

Currency Risk

          Though predominantly invested in U.S. dollar-denominated financial instruments, the Company may invest in securities or maintain cash denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. The Company is exposed to risks that the exchange rate of the U.S. dollar relative to other currencies may change in a manner that has an adverse effect on the reported value of the Company's assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar.

Market Risk

          The Company is exposed to market risks that arise from equity price risk, foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations and changes in commodity prices. Management has established procedures to actively monitor and minimize market and credit risks. In addition, the Company has sold securities that it does not currently own and will, therefore, be obligated to purchase such securities at a future date. The Company has recorded these obligations in the condensed consolidated financial statements at fair values of the related securities and will incur a loss if the fair value of the securities increases subsequent to the period end.

Off Balance Sheet

          The Company enters into various transactions involving derivatives and other off balance sheet financial instruments, including futures. These derivative financial instruments are used to conduct trading activities and manage market risks and are, therefore, subject to varying degrees of market and credit risk. Derivative transactions are entered into for trading purposes or to economically hedge other positions or transactions.

          Futures contracts provide for delayed delivery of the underlying instrument. The contractual or notional amounts related to these financial instruments reflect the volume and activity and do not reflect the amounts at risk. Futures contracts are executed on an exchange, and cash settlement is made on a daily basis for market movements. Accordingly, futures contracts generally do not have credit risk. Market risk is substantially dependent upon the value of the underlying financial instruments and is affected by market forces, such as volatility and changes in interest and foreign exchange rates.

18. Geographic Information

          The Company operates its business in the U.S. and internationally, primarily in Europe and Asia. The following table presents total revenues by geographic area for the nine months ended

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Virtu Financial LLC and Subsidiaries

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

18. Geographic Information (Continued)

September 30, 2013 and 2012. Significant transactions and balances between geographic regions occur primarily as a result of certain of our subsidiaries incurring operating expenses such as employee compensation, communications and data processing and other overhead costs, for the purpose of providing execution, clearing and other support services to affiliates. Charges for transactions between regions are designed to approximate full costs. Intra-region income and expenses and related balances have been eliminated in the geographic information presented below to accurately reflect the external business conducted in each geographical region. The revenues are attributed to countries based on the locations of the subsidiaries:

 
  For the Nine Months Ended,
September 30,
 
 
 
2013
 
2012
 

Revenues:

             

United States

  $ 331,578   $ 351,559  

Australia

        43,279  

Ireland

    95,100     70,578  

Singapore

    71,644      

United Kingdom

    2,939     525  
           

Total revenues

  $ 501,261   $ 465,941  

19. Subsequent Events

          The Company has evaluated subsequent events through December 24, 2013, the date the condensed consolidated financial statements were issued.

          On November 4, 2013, the Company granted Class A-2 profits interests to an employee vesting over a period of 4 years, subject to repurchase provisions upon certain termination events, as described above (Note 14). These awards are accounted for as equity awards and are measured at the date of grant. The Company anticipates that it will recognize share-based compensation expense related to these Class A-2 profits interests in an amount equal to $2.9 million over the vesting period.

          On November 8, 2013, the Company's wholly owned subsidiary consummated a refinancing transaction with respect to its senior secured credit facility (Note 8). The amendment to the credit facility increased the aggregate amount of the term loan by approximately $100 million, to $510 million, and extended the maturity of the term loan until November 8, 2019. $98.4 million of the additional proceeds of the term loan were used to finance a special distribution to the holders of the Company's Class A-1 and Class A-2 interests. The terms of the amended credit facility are otherwise substantially similar terms to the original credit facility except as set forth below and is collateralized by substantially all of the assets of the Company, other than the equity interests in and assets of its regulated and foreign subsidiaries, but including 100% of the non-voting stock and 65% of the voting stock of the Company's or its domestic subsidiaries' direct foreign subsidiaries. In connection with the refinancing transaction, the Company also amended the terms of its limited liability company agreement to facilitate the transaction.

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Virtu Financial LLC and Subsidiaries

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(unaudited)

19. Subsequent Events (Continued)

          The credit facility bears interest at a rate per annum at the Company's election equal to either (i) the greatest of (a) the prime rate in effect, (b) the federal funds effective rate (as defined in the credit agreement) plus 0.5% (c) the adjusted LIBOR rate (as defined in the credit agreement) for a Eurodollar borrowing with an interest period of one month plus 1%, and (d) 2.25% plus, in each case, 3.5%, or (ii) the greater of (x) the adjusted LIBOR rate for the interest period in effect and (y) 1.25%, plus 4.5%. Pursuant to the amendment, each incremental spread will be reduced by 0.50% upon the consummation of a qualifying initial public offering.

          Also on November 8, 2013, the Company made a quarterly profits distribution to its members in the amount of $26.6 million.

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Members of Virtu Financial LLC and Subsidiaries
New York, New York

          We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial condition of Virtu Financial LLC and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, changes in members' equity, and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2012. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

          We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

          In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Virtu Financial LLC and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2012, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

          As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company's reported results reflect the adoption of Accounting Standards Update 2011-05, Comprehensive Income.

          As discussed in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements, on July 8, 2011, the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding equity interests of Madison Tyler Holdings, LLC.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

New York, New York
December 24, 2013

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Virtu Financial LLC and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition
as of December 31, 2012 and 2011

 
  As of December 31,  
(in thousands except interest data)
 
2012
 
2011
 

Assets

             

Cash and cash equivalents

  $ 39,978   $ 36,100  

Securities borrowed

    429,319     567,109  

Securities purchased under agreements to resell

    70,082     3,585  

Receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations

    366,143     566,078  

Trading assets, at fair value:

             

Financial instruments owned

    1,160,746     942,365  

Financial instruments owned and pledged

    351,819     450,479  

Property, equipment and capitalized software (net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $34,589 and $16,757, respectively)

    31,459     22,412  

Goodwill

    715,379     715,014  

Intangibles (net of accumulated amortization of $109,263 and $37,820, respectively)

    2,637     73,880  

Other assets

    41,385     42,379  
           

Total assets

  $ 3,208,947   $ 3,419,401  
           

Liabilities, redeemable membership interest and members' equity

             

Liabilities

             

Short-term borrowings

  $ 80,000   $ 26,000  

Securities loaned

    737,328     734,561  

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase

    14,934      

Payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations

    252,508     466,963  

Trading liabilities, at fair value:

             

Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased,

    1,097,460     1,087,580  

Accounts payable and accrued expenses and other liabilities

    80,173     73,567  

Senior secured credit facility

    256,309     302,569  
           

Total liabilities

  $ 2,518,712   $ 2,691,240  

Class A-1 redeemable membership interest

    250,000     250,000  

Members' equity

             

Class A-1 — Authorized and Issued — 1,964,826 and 1,964,826 interests, Outstanding — 1,964,826 and 1,964,826 interests at December 31, 2012 and 2011

    19,648     19,648  

Class A-2 — Authorized and Issued — 98,403,196 and 96,697,492 interests, Outstanding — 97,323,850 and 95,671,694 interests at December 31, 2012 and 2011

    488,989     480,615  

Accumulated deficit

    (68,347 )   (21,499 )

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

    (55 )   (603 )
           

Total members' equity

  $ 440,235   $ 478,161  

Total liabilities, redeemable membership interest and members' equity

  $ 3,208,947   $ 3,419,401  
           

   

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

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Virtu Financial LLC and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Years
Ended December 31, 2012 And 2011

 
  For the Years Ended
December 31,
 
(in thousands)
 
2012
 
2011
 

Revenues:

             

Trading income, net

  $ 581,476   $ 449,360  

Interest and dividends income

    34,152     11,851  
           

Total revenue

    615,628     461,211  

Operating Expenses:

             

Brokerage, exchange and clearance fees, net

    200,587     148,020  

Communication and data processing

    55,384     46,109  

Employee compensation and payroll taxes

    63,836     46,344  

Interest and dividends expense

    48,735     24,093  

Operations and administrative

    27,826     7,986  

Depreciation and amortization

    17,975     12,074  

Amortization of purchased intangibles and acquired capitalized software

    71,654     37,820  

Acquisition cost

    69     18,843  

Acquisition related retention bonus

    6,151     4,325  

Impairment of intangible assets

    1,489      

Lease abandonment

    6,134      

Financing interest expense on senior secured credit facility

    26,460     14,608  
           

Total operating expenses

    526,300     360,222  
           

Income before income taxes

    89,328     100,989  

Provision for income taxes

    (1,768 )   (11,697 )
           

Net income

  $ 87,560   $ 89,292  
           

Other Comprehensive Income, net of taxes:

             

Foreign exchange translation adjustment

    548     (488 )
           

Comprehensive Income

  $ 88,108   $ 88,804  
           

   

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

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Virtu Financial LLC and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Members' Equity
for the Years Ended December 31, 2012 and 2011

 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income
(Loss)
   
   
 
 
  Class A-1   Class A-2   Members' interests    
   
  Class A-1
Redeemable
Membership
Interest
 
 
  Accumulated
Deficit
  Total
Members'
Equity
 
(In thousands, except per interest data)
  Interests   Amounts   Interests   Amounts   Interests   Amounts  

Balance at December 31, 2010

      $       $       $ 56,815   $ (7,870 ) $ (115 ) $ 48,830   $  

Share-based compensation

            646,801     4,251         7,933             12,184      

Modification of share-based awards

                          7,000             7,000      

Issuance of Class A-1 interests

    1,964,826     19,648                             19,648     250,000  

Conversion of members' interests into Class A-2 interests

            96,050,691     486,622         (51,623 )           434,999      

Repurchase of Class A-2 interests

            (1,025,798 )   (10,258 )                   (10,258 )    

Distribution to members

                        (17,947 )   (102,921 )       (120,868 )    

Preferred return

                        (2,178 )           (2,178 )    

Foreign exchange translation adjustment

                                (488 )   (488 )    

Net income

                            89,292         89,292      
                                           

Balance at December 31, 2011

    1,964,826   $ 19,648     95,671,694   $ 480,615       $   $ (21,499 ) $ (603 ) $ 478,161   $ 250,000  

Share-based compensation

            1,705,704     8,726                     8,726      

Repurchase of Class A-2 interests

            (53,548 )   (352 )                   (352 )    

Distribution to members

                            (134,408 )       (134,408 )    

Foreign exchange translation adjustment

                                548     548      

Net income

                            87,560         87,560      
                                           

Balance at December 31, 2012

    1,964,826   $ 19,648     97,323,850   $ 488,989       $   $ (68,347 ) $ (55 ) $ 440,235   $ 250,000  
                                           

   

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

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Virtu Financial LLC and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

for the Years Ended December 31, 2012 and 2011

 
  For the Years Ended December 31,  
 
  2012   2011  

Cash flows from operating activities:

             

Net Income

  $ 87,560   $ 89,292  

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:

             

Depreciation and amortization

    17,975     12,074  

Amortization of purchased intangibles and acquired capitalized software

    71,654     37,820  

Impairment of intangible assets

    1,489      

Amortization of bond issuance costs and deferred financing fees

    4,278     2,363  

Lease abandonment

    3,255      

Share-based compensation

    8,398     7,420  

Other

    (318 )   (761 )

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

             

Securities borrowed

    137,790     365,605  

Securities purchased under agreements to resell

    (66,497 )   225,594  

Receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations

    199,935     65,434  

Financial instruments owned, at fair value

    (119,721 )   (288,137 )

Other assets

    (1,957 )   (12,036 )

Securities loaned

    2,767     (434,100 )

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase

    14,934     (194,723 )

Payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations

    (214,455 )   276,367  

Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value

    9,880     (12,016 )

Accounts payable and accrued expenses and other liabilities

    3,479     18,333  

Due to related parties

        156  
           

Net cash provided by operating activities

    160,446     158,685  

Cash flows from investing activities:

             

Development of capitalized software

    (11,224 )   (6,326 )

Acquisition of property and equipment

    (15,832 )   (6,935 )

Acquisition of Madison Tyler Holdings, net of cash acquired

        (530,714 )

Acquisition of Cohen Capital Group

        (3,000 )

Acquisition of Nyenburgh Holding B.V. 

    (1,300 )    
           

Net cash used in investing activities

    (28,356 )   (546,975 )

Cash flows from financing activities:

             

Proceeds from Issuance of Class A-1 interests

        269,648  

Member contributions

        1,950  

Member distributions

    (134,408 )   (120,868 )

Repurchase of Class A-2 interests

    (352 )   (10,258 )

Proceeds from short-term borrowings

    54,000     58,916  

Repayment of short-term borrowings

        (29,838 )

Repayment of notes payable to members

        (14,200 )

Repayment of notes payable — acquired

        (29,236 )

Repayment of senior secured credit facility

    (48,000 )   (12,000 )

Proceeds from senior secured credit facility

        313,600  

Debt issuance costs

        (9,203 )

Repayment of related party line of credit

        (597 )

Repayment of related party bank note payable

        (1,356 )
           

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

    (128,760 )   416,558  

Effect of exchange rate changes on Cash and cash equivalents

    548     (28 )

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

    3,878     28,240  

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year

    36,100     7,860  
           

Cash and cash equivalents, end of year

  $ 39,978   $ 36,100  
           

Supplementary disclosure of cash flow information:

             

Cash paid for interest

  $ 52,106   $ 24,186  

Cash paid for taxes

  $ 11,214   $  

Non-cash investing and financing activities

             

Conversion of preferred return payable to members' equity

  $   $ 5,983  

Preferred return awarded to members

  $   $ (2,178 )

Rollover of Madison Tyler Holdings Class A-2 members' interests

  $   $ (434,999 )

Issuance of Class A-2 interests from business combination described in Note 3

  $ 328   $  

   

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

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Virtu Financial LLC and Subsidiaries

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Organization and Nature of Business

          Virtu Financial LLC ("VF" or, collectively with its wholly owned subsidiaries, the "Company") was formed as a Delaware limited liability company on April 8, 2011 in connection with a corporate reorganization and acquisition of the outstanding equity interests of Madison Tyler Holdings, LLC ("MTH"), an electronic trading firm and market maker. In connection with the reorganization, the members of VF's predecessor entity, Virtu Financial Operating LLC ("VFO"), a Delaware limited liability company formed on March 19, 2008, exchanged their interests in VFO for interests in VF, and the members of MTH exchanged their interests in MTH for cash and/or interests in VF. VF's principal subsidiaries include Virtu Financial BD LLC ("VFBD"), a self-clearing US broker-dealer, Virtu Financial Capital Markets LLC ("VFCM"), a self-clearing US broker-dealer and designated market maker on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") and the NYSE MKT (formerly NYSE Amex) and other proprietary trading firms, including Virtu Financial Global Markets LLC ("VFGM"), Virtu Financial Ireland Limited ("VFIL"), incorporated in Ireland, Virtu Financial Asia Pty Ltd ("VFAP"), incorporated in Australia, and Virtu Financial Singapore Pte. Ltd. ("VFSing"), incorporated in Singapore. VFCM became a designated market maker ("DMM") in connection with its acquisition of certain asset of Cohen Capital Group LLC ("CCG") on December 9, 2011.

          The Company is a technology-enabled market maker and liquidity provider. The Company has developed a single, proprietary, multi-asset, multi-currency technology platform through which it provides quotations to buyers and sellers in equities, commodities, currencies, options, fixed income and other securities on numerous exchanges, markets and liquidity pools in numerous countries around the world.

          The Company is managed and operated as one business. Accordingly, the Company operates under one reportable segment.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation

          The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of VF and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Basis of Presentation

          The Company's consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("US GAAP"), which require management to make estimates and assumptions regarding fair value measurements including trading assets and liabilities, goodwill and intangibles, compensation accruals, capitalized software, and other matters that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Accordingly, actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

          Basic and diluted earnings per share is not presented since the ownership structure of the Company does not include a common unit of ownership.

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Cash and Cash Equivalents

          The Company considers cash equivalents as highly liquid investments with original maturities of less than three months when acquired. The Company maintains cash in bank deposit accounts that, at times, may exceed federally insured limits.

Securities Borrowed and Securities Loaned

          The Company conducts securities borrowing and lending activities with external counterparties. In connection with these transactions, the Company receives or posts collateral in connection with securities loaned or borrowed in transactions. These transactions are collateralized by cash or securities. In accordance with substantially all of its stock borrow agreements, the Company is permitted to sell or repledge the securities received. Securities borrowed or loaned are recorded based on the amount of cash collateral advanced or received. The initial collateral advanced or received generally approximates or is greater than 102% of the fair value of the underlying securities borrowed or loaned. The Company monitors the fair value of securities borrowed and loaned, and delivers or obtains additional collateral as appropriate. Interest on such transactions is recorded gross on an accrual basis.

Securities Purchased Under Agreements to Resell and Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase

          Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are treated as collateralized financing transactions and are recorded at contract value, plus accrued interest, which approximates fair value. It is the Company's policy that its custodian takes possession of the underlying collateral securities, the fair value of which exceeds the principal amount of the repurchase transaction, including accrued interest. To ensure that the fair value of the underlying collateral remains sufficient, the collateral is valued daily with additional collateral obtained or excess collateral returned, as permitted under contractual provisions. For reverse repurchase agreements, the firm typically requires delivery of collateral with a fair value approximately equal to the carrying value of the relevant assets in the consolidated statements of financial condition.

          The Company nets certain repurchase agreements with the same counterparty within securities purchased under agreements to resell or securities sold under agreements to repurchase in the accompanying consolidated statements of financial condition when the right of offset exists.

Receivables from/Payables to Broker-Dealers and Clearing Organizations

          Amounts receivable from broker-dealers and clearing organizations may be restricted to the extent that they serve as deposits for securities sold, not yet purchased. At December 31, 2012, receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations primarily represented amounts due for unsettled trades, open equity in futures transactions, securities failed to deliver, deposits with clearing organizations or exchanges and balances due from prime brokers in relation to the Company's trading.

          In the normal course of business, substantially all of the Company's securities transactions, money balances and security positions are transacted with several brokers. The Company is subject to credit risk to the extent any broker with whom it conducts business is unable to fulfill

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contractual obligations on its behalf. The Company's management monitors the financial condition of such brokers and does not anticipate any losses from these counterparties.

          As of December 31, 2012, payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations primarily represented amounts due to prime brokers, unsettled trades, open equity in futures transactions, payables to clearing organizations and securities failed to receive.

Financial Instruments Owned and Financial Instruments Sold, Not Yet Purchased

          The Company carries financial instruments owned and financial instruments sold, not yet purchased at fair value. The Company is required to report the fair value of financial instruments. Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be exchanged to sell an asset or transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. Fair value measurements are not adjusted for transaction costs. The recognition of "block discounts" for large holdings of unrestricted financial instruments where quoted prices are readily and regularly available in an active market is prohibited. Gains and losses arising from financial instrument transactions are recorded net on a trade-date basis in trading income on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Fair Value Measurements

          At December 31, 2012 and 2011, substantially all of Company's financial assets and liabilities, except for long-term borrowings and certain exchange memberships, were carried at fair value based on published market prices and are marked to market daily or were short-term in nature and were carried at amounts that approximate fair value.

          The Company's assets and liabilities have been categorized based upon a fair value hierarchy in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 820-10, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures. ASC 820-10 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or would be paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. ASC 820-10 requires a three-level hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy level assigned to each financial instrument is based on the assessment of the transparency and reliability of the inputs used in the valuation of such financial instruments at the measurement date based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (level 1 measurement) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (level 3 measurements).

          Transfers in or out are recognized based on the beginning fair value of the period in which they occurred. There were no transfers of financial instruments between levels during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011.

          Financial instruments measured and reported at fair value are classified and disclosed in one of the following categories based on inputs:

    Level 1 — Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities;

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    Level 2 — Quoted prices in markets that are not active and financial instruments for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly; or

    Level 3 — Prices or valuations that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable.

Derivative Instruments

          Derivative instruments used for trading purposes, including economic hedges of trading instruments, are carried at fair value. Fair values for exchange-traded derivatives, principally futures, are based on quoted market prices. Fair values for over-the-counter derivative instruments, principally forward contracts, are based on the values of the underlying financial instruments within the contract. The underlying derivative instruments are currencies which are actively traded on exchanges.

          Derivatives used for economic hedging purposes include futures, forward contracts and options. Unrealized gains or losses on these derivative contracts are recognized currently in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income as trading income, net. The Company does not apply hedge accounting as defined in FASB ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging; accordingly, all financial instruments are recorded at fair value with changes in fair values reflected in earnings.

Property and Equipment

          Property and equipment are carried at cost, less accumulated depreciation, except for the assets acquired in connection with the acquisition of MTH which were recorded at fair value on the date of acquisition. Depreciation is provided using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of the underlying asset. Routine maintenance, repairs and replacement costs are expensed as incurred and improvements that appreciably extend the useful life of the assets are capitalized. When property and equipment are sold or otherwise disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is recognized in income. Property and equipment are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amount may not be recoverable.

          The useful lives of furniture and fixtures are as follows:

Furniture, fixtures and equipment

  3 to 7 years

Leasehold improvements

  7 years or length of lease term, whichever is shorter

Capitalized Software

          The Company accounts for the costs of computer software developed or obtained for internal use in accordance with ASC 350-40, Internal-Use Software. The Company capitalizes costs of materials, consultants and payroll and payroll related costs for employees incurred in developing internal-use software. Costs incurred during the preliminary project and post-implementation stages are charged to expense.

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          Management's judgment is required in determining the point at which various projects enter the stages at which costs may be capitalized, in assessing the ongoing value of the capitalized costs and in determining the estimated useful lives over which the costs are amortized.

          The Company's capitalized software development costs were approximately $12.4 million and $15.0 million with related amortization of approximately $9.4 million and $8.8 million at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Capitalized software development costs and related accumulated amortization are included in property, equipment and capitalized software on the accompanying consolidated statements of financial condition and are amortized over a period of 1.4 to 2.5 years, which represents the estimated useful lives of the underlying software.

Goodwill

          Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the underlying net tangible and intangible assets of our acquisitions. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment on an annual basis and between annual tests whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Goodwill is tested at the reporting unit level, which is defined as an operating segment or one level below the operating segment. We operate in one operating segment, which is our only reporting unit.

          The goodwill impairment test is a two-step process. The first step is used to identify potential impairment and compares the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step of the goodwill impairment test must be performed. The second step is used to measure the amount of impairment loss, if any, and compares the implied fair value of reporting unit goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. If the carrying amount of reporting unit goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of that goodwill, an impairment loss must be recognized in an amount equal to that excess.

          The primary valuation methods we use to estimate the fair value of our reporting unit are the income and market approaches. In applying the income approach, projected available cash flows and the terminal value are discounted to present value to derive an indication of fair value of the business enterprise. The market approach compares the reporting unit to selected reasonably similar publicly-traded companies.

          The Company tests goodwill for impairment on an annual basis on July 1 and on an interim basis when certain events or circumstances exist. Based on the results of the annual impairment tests performed as of July 1, 2013 and 2012, no goodwill impairment was recognized during the year ended December 31, 2013 or 2012, respectively.

Intangible Assets

          The Company amortizes finite-lived intangible assets over their estimated useful lives. Finite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment annually or when impairment indicators are present and, if impaired, written down to fair value. As a result of the acquisition of certain assets from CCG, the Company previously recorded an identifiable intangible asset, the rights for CCG to act as a DMM on the NYSE and NYSE MKT (formerly NYSE Amex) (the "DMM rights"). The Company determined that the DMM rights were fully impaired as of December 31, 2012 and has written down

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the $1.5 million of remaining value of these assets to zero on its consolidated statements of financial condition and recognized a corresponding loss which is recorded within impairment of intangible assets in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The Company has no indefinite-lived intangibles.

Exchange Memberships and Stock

          Exchange memberships are recorded at cost or, if any other than temporary impairment in value has occurred, at a value that reflects management's estimate of fair value, in accordance with ASC 940-340, Financial Services — Broker and Dealers. Exchange stock includes shares that the Company is required to hold in order to maintain certain trading privileges. The shares are marked to market with the corresponding gain or loss recorded in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. During the year ended December 31, 2012, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $0.4 million on its membership seats. This charge is recorded in operations and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The Company's exchange memberships and stock are included in other assets on the consolidated statements of financial condition.

Trading Income

          Trading income consists of trading gains and losses that are recorded on a trade date basis and reported on a net basis. Trading income is comprised of changes in the fair value of trading assets and liabilities (i.e., unrealized gains and losses) and realized gains and losses on trading assets and liabilities.

Interest and Dividends Income/Interest and Dividends Expense

          Interest income and interest expense is accrued in accordance with contractual rates. Interest income consists of interest earned on collateralized financing arrangements and on cash held by brokers. Interest expense includes interest expense from collateralized transactions, margin and related lines of credit. Dividends are recorded on the ex-dividend date and interest is recognized on the accrual basis.

Rebates

          Rebates consist of volume discounts, credits or payments received from exchanges or other market places related to the placement and/or removal of liquidity from the order flow in the marketplace. Rebates are recorded on an accrual basis and included net within brokerage, exchange and clearance fees in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011.

Income Taxes

          The Company is a limited liability company and is treated as a pass-through entity for United States federal, state, and local income tax purposes. Accordingly, no provision for income taxes is required.

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          Certain of the Company's wholly owned subsidiaries are subject to income taxes in foreign jurisdictions. The provision for income tax is comprised of current tax and deferred tax. Current tax represents the tax on current year tax returns, using tax rates enacted at the balance sheet date. A deferred tax asset is recognized only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable income will be available against which the asset can be utilized.

          The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position, in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes, only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the applicable taxing authority, including resolution of the appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the consolidated financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit for each such position that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution. Many factors are considered when evaluating and estimating the tax positions and tax benefits. Such estimates involve interpretations of regulations, rulings, case law, etc. and are inherently complex. The Company's estimates may require periodic adjustments and may not accurately anticipate actual outcomes as resolution of income tax treatments in individual jurisdictions typically would not be known for several years after completion of any fiscal year. The Company has determined that there are no uncertain tax positions that would have a material impact on the Company's financial position or the results of operations as of and for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011.

Foreign Currency Translation

          Assets and liabilities of operations having non-U.S. dollar functional currencies are translated at year-end exchange rates, and income statement accounts are translated at weighted average exchange rates for the year. Gains and losses resulting from translating foreign currency financial statements, net of related tax effects, are reflected in other comprehensive income, a separate component of members' equity.

Share-Based Compensation

          The Company accounts for share-based compensation transactions with employees under the provisions of ASC 718, Compensation: Stock Compensation. ASC 718 requires a share-based payment transaction with employees to be measured based on the fair value of equity instruments issued. The fair value of awards issued for compensation is determined by management, with the assistance of an independent third party valuation firm, using a projected annual forfeiture rate, where applicable, on the date of grant. The fair value of share-based awards granted to employees is amortized over the vesting period of the award.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

          Transfers and Servicing (Topic 860) — In April 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-03, Reconsideration of Effective Control for Repurchase Agreements. The amendments in this ASU remove from the assessment of effective control (1) the criterion requiring the transferor to have the ability to repurchase or redeem the financial assets on substantially the agreed terms, even in the event of default by the transferee and (2) the collateral maintenance implementation guidance related to that criterion. The amendments in this ASU are effective for the first interim or annual

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period beginning on or after December 15, 2011. The guidance should be applied prospectively to transactions or modifications of existing transactions that occur on or after the effective date. Early adoption is not permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2011-03 effective January 1, 2012; adoption of the ASU did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

          Comprehensive Income (Topic 220) — In June 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-05, Presentation of Comprehensive Income. This standard eliminates the current option to report other comprehensive income and its components in the statements of changes in equity. An entity can elect to present items of net income and other comprehensive income in one continuous statement or in two separate, but consecutive statements. This standard will not change the items that constitute net income and other comprehensive income, when an item of other comprehensive income must be reclassified to net income or the earnings per unit computation (which will continue to be based on net income). In December 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-12, Deferral of the Effective Date for Amendments to the Presentation of Reclassification of Items Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income in Accounting Standards Update No. 2011-05, which maintained the presentation requirements for comprehensive income under ASU 2011-05, however deferred the requirement to present certain reclassification adjustments into and out of accumulated other comprehensive income on a gross basis. ASU 2011-05 and ASU 2011-12 are both effective for the first interim or annual period beginning after December 15, 2011, and should be applied retrospectively to all periods reported after the effective date. Early adoption is permitted. In February 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-02, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, which further deferred the amendments in ASU 2011-12 for nonpublic entities such that the amendments are effective prospectively for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2013. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 2011-05 was adopted by the Company effective January 1, 2012 and is reflected herein. The Company elected to not early adopt the amendments addressed in ASU 2013-02.

          Fair Value Measurements (Topic 820) — In May 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-04, Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRSs. This update amends existing guidance on fair value measurements related to (i) instruments held in a portfolio, (ii) instruments classified within members' equity, (iii) application of the "highest and best use" concept to nonfinancial assets, (iv) application of blockage factors and other premiums and discounts in the valuation process and (v) other matters. In addition, ASU 2011-04 expanded the required disclosures around fair value measurements, including (i) reporting the level in the fair value hierarchy used to value assets and liabilities which are not measured at fair value, but where fair value is disclosed, and (ii) qualitative disclosures about the sensitivity of Level 3 fair value measurements to changes in unobservable inputs used. This update is effective for the first interim or annual period beginning after December 15, 2011. In February 3, 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-03 — Financial Instruments (Topic 825): Clarifying the Scope and Applicability of a Particular Disclosure to Nonpublic Entities. The amendment clarifies that the requirement in ASU 2011-04 to disclose the level of the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurements are categorized in their entirety (Level 1, 2, or 3) does not apply to nonpublic entities for items that are not measured at fair value in the statements of financial position but for which fair value is disclosed. The amendment is effective upon issuance. The Company has

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adopted the provisions of ASU No. 2011-04 regarding fair value measurement and the adoption did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

          Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) — In September 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-08, Testing Goodwill for Impairment. The revised standard is intended to reduce the cost and complexity of the annual goodwill impairment test. ASU 2011-08 allows entities to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If a greater than 50 percent likelihood exists that the fair value is less than the carrying amount then a two-step goodwill impairment test as described in Topic 350 must be performed. The guidance provided by this update becomes effective for annual and interim goodwill impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011. The Company has adopted the provisions of ASU 2011-08 but it did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

          Balance Sheet (Topic 210) — In December 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-11, Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities. The amended standard requires an entity to disclose information about offsetting and related arrangements to enable users of its financial statements to understand the effect of those arrangements on its financial position. An entity is required to apply the amendments for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013, and interim periods within those annual periods. An entity should provide the disclosures required by those amendments retrospectively for all comparative periods presented. In January 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-01, Balance Sheet (Topic 210): Clarifying the Scope of Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities, which clarified that the scope of ASU 2011-11 is limited to include derivatives accounted for in accordance with Topic 815, including bifurcated embedded derivatives, repurchase agreements and reverse repurchase agreements, and securities borrowing and securities lending transactions that are either offset or subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement or similar agreement. The effective date is the same as the effective date of ASU 2011-11. These amendments did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements, other than additional disclosures.

3. Acquisitions

Nyenburgh Holdings B.V.

          On September 14, 2012, the Company acquired the European ETF Market Making assets of Nyenburgh Holding B.V., ("Nyenburgh"), which include market making relationships with European ETF issuers and trading relationships with over-the-counter counterparties. The consideration was comprised of $0.6 million, due at closing (the "Initial Purchase Price"), an equity award to a shareholder of Nyenburgh with a fair value of $0.4 million (the "Award") and a deferred purchase price of up to $3.3 million but projected as of December 31, 2012 to equal $1.3 million (the "Projected Deferred Purchase Price" and, together with the Initial Purchase Price and the Award, the "Projected Total Purchase Price"). The Projected Total Purchase Price was allocated to intangible assets of $1.9 million and goodwill of $0.4 million. In connection with the acquisition, the Company incurred $0.1 million of acquisition related costs, which includes legal fees and other professional fees. These fees are recorded in acquisition costs in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The goodwill from this acquisition is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

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3. Acquisitions (Continued)

Cohen Capital Group, LLC

          On December 9, 2011, the Company acquired the DMM business of CCG. CCG's DMM business obligates the DMM to provide continuous, two-sided liquidity to investors on the NYSE and NYSE MKT (formerly NYSE Amex) in the listed companies for which CCG serves as the DMM. The acquisition gave the Company the right to act as a DMM in 258 symbols on both the NYSE and the NYSE MKT (formerly NYSE Amex). The $3.0 million purchase price consisted of all cash and was allocated to intangible assets of $1.7 million and goodwill of $1.3 million. In connection with the acquisition, the Company incurred $0.1 million of acquisition related costs, which includes legal fees and other professional fees. These fees are recorded in acquisition costs in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Madison Tyler Holdings, LLC

          On July 8, 2011, the Company completed its acquisition of 100% of the outstanding equity interests of MTH. MTH was an electronic trading firm and market maker on numerous exchanges and electronic marketplaces in equities, fixed income, currencies and commodities. MTH developed and employed proprietary software that automated liquidity provision and trade execution through a focused collaboration between traders and developers. MTH used its own capital to develop and execute proprietary trading strategies that make markets and provide liquidity to the financial markets. The acquisition of MTH expanded the Company's geographic and product market and increased the Company's market penetration in existing products traded. Prior to the Company's acquisition, MTH was 40.0% owned by the Company's managing members.

          The results of MTH have been included in the Company's consolidated financial statements since its acquisition date. The consideration transferred for the purchase of MTH was approximately $971.5 million, of which $266.9 million was funded through a $313.6 million senior secured credit facility (Note 8), $269.6 million consisted of cash, which was funded through the issuance of new equity (Note 14), and $435.0 million consisted of equity issued to MTH members (Note 14). In connection with the acquisition, the Company incurred approximately $18.8 million of acquisition related costs, which includes legal fees, severance and other professional fees. These fees are recorded in acquisition costs in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

          The following table summarizes the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed:

(in thousands)
   
 

Cash and cash equivalents

  $ 5,821  

Securities borrowed

    776,875  

Receivables from broker-dealers and cleaning organizations

    373,277  

Financial instruments owned, at fair value

    744,086  

Property and equipment

    10,389  

Goodwill

    713,749  

Intangible assets

    110,000  

Other assets

    18,983  

Short-term borrowings

    (29,236 )

Securities loaned

    (1,018,093 )

Payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations

    (152,529 )

Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value

    (539,994 )

Accounts payable and accrued expenses and other liabilities

    (41,792 )
       

Total purchase price

  $ 971,536  
       

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4. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

          The following table presents the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011:

(in thousands)
 
Goodwill
Acquired
 

Balance, December 31, 2010

  $  

Acquisition of MTH

    713,749  

Acquisition of CCG

    1,265  
       

Balance, December 31, 2011

  $ 715,014  

Acquisition of Nyenburgh Holding B.V. 

    365  
       

Balance, December 31, 2012

  $ 715,379  
       

          As discussed in Note 2, no goodwill impairment was recognized in 2012.

          Acquired intangible assets consisted of the following at December 31, 2012 and 2011:

 
  As of December 31, 2012
(in thousands)
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Carrying
Amount
 
Useful Lives
(Years)

Purchased technology

  $ 110,000   $ 109,201   $ 799   1.4 to 2.5

ETF issuer relationships

    950     31     919   9

ETF buyer relationships

    950     31     919   9
                 

  $ 111,900   $ 109,263   $ 2,637    
                 

 

 
  As of December 31, 2011
(in thousands)
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Carrying
Amount
 
Useful Lives
(Years)

DMM rights

  $ 1,700   $ 11   $ 1,689   9

Purchased technology

    110,000     37,809     72,191   1.4 to 2.5
                 

  $ 111,700   $ 37,820   $ 73,880    
                 

          Amortization expense relating to finite-lived intangible assets was approximately $71.7 million and $37.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 and is included in amortization of purchased intangibles and acquired capitalized software in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

          As discussed in Note 2, the Company tested its intangible assets for impairment as of December 31, 2012 and determined the DMM rights to be fully impaired and have written down such assets to zero and recognized the corresponding loss on its consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

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4. Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Continued)

          Estimated amortization expense relating to intangible assets for each of the next five years is as follows:

(in thousands)
   
 

Year Ending December 31,

       

2013

  $ 1,011  

2014

    211  

2015

    211  

2016

    211  

2017

    211  

5. Receivables from/Payables to Broker-Dealers and Clearing Organizations

          The following is a summary of receivables from and payables to brokers and exchanges at December 31, 2012 and 2011:

(in thousands)
 
2012
 
2011
 

Assets

             

Due from prime brokers

  $ 84,464   $ 93,158  

Deposits with clearing organizations

    30,886     42,068  

Net equity with futures commission merchants

    68,236     223,830  

Unsettled trades

    38,270     143,991  

Securities failed to deliver

    144,287     63,031  
           

Total receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations

  $ 366,143   $ 566,078  
           

 

(in thousands)
 
2012
 
2011
 

Liabilities

             

Due to prime brokers

  $ 152,380   $ 91,503  

Net equity with futures commission merchants

    31,140     188,060  

Unsettled trades

    62,691     180,829  

Securities failed to receive

    6,297     6,571  
           

Total payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations

  $ 252,508   $ 466,963  
           

          Included in "Due from prime brokers" and "Net equity with futures commission merchants" is the outstanding principle balance on the Company's short-term credit facilities. The loan proceeds from the credit facilities are available only to meet the initial margin requirements associated with the Company's ordinary course futures and other trading positions, which are held in the Company's trading accounts with an affiliate of the respective financial institutions. The credit facilities are fully collateralized by the Company's trading accounts and deposit accounts with these financial institutions.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

6. Collateralized Transactions

          The Company is permitted to sell or repledge securities received as collateral and use these securities to secure repurchase agreements, enter into securities lending transactions or deliver these securities to counterparties or clearing organizations to cover short positions. At December 31, 2012 and 2011, substantially all of the securities received as collateral have been repledged. Amounts relating to collateralized transactions at December 31, 2012 and 2011 are summarized as follows:

 
  Permitted to Repledge  
(in thousands)
 
2012
 
2011
 

Securities received as collateral:

             

Securities borrowed

  $ 421,164   $ 547,377  

Securities purchased under agreements to resell

    70,075     3,570  
           

  $ 491,239   $ 550,947  
           

          In the normal course of business, the Company pledges qualified securities with clearing organizations to satisfy daily margin and clearing fund requirements.

          Financial instruments owned and pledged, where the counterparty has the right to repledge, at December 31, 2012 and 2011 consisted of the following:

(in thousands)
 
2012
 
2011
 

Equities

  $ 302,222   $ 421,935  

Exchange traded notes

    37,632     28,544  

U.S. government obligations

    11,965      
           

  $ 351,819   $ 450,479  
           

7. Property, Equipment and Capitalized Software

          Property, equipment and capitalized software consisted of the following at December 31, 2012 and 2011:

(in thousands)
 
2012
 
2011
 

Capitalized software costs

  $ 27,820   $ 14,963  

Leasehold improvements

    7,131     6,021  

Furniture and equipment

    31,097     18,185  
           

    66,048     39,169  

Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization

    34,589     16,757  
           

Total property, equipment and capitalized software, net

  $ 31,459   $ 22,412  
           

          Depreciation expense for property and equipment for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 was approximately $8.6 million and $5.5 million, respectively, and is included within depreciation and amortization expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Amortization expense for capitalized software for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 was approximately $9.4 million and $6.6 million, and is included

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

7. Property, Equipment and Capitalized Software (Continued)

within depreciation and amortization expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

8. Borrowings

Broker-Dealer Credit Facilities

          The Company is a party to two broker-dealer credit facilities with a financial institution to finance overnight securities positions purchased as part of its ordinary course broker-dealer market making activities. In connection with each credit facility, the Company has entered into demand promissory notes dated August 8, 2012. Each promissory note is payable on demand with the outstanding balance being swept into a separate broker-dealer day loan credit facility with the same financial institution. The loans are collateralized by the Company's broker-dealer trading and deposit accounts with the same financial institution and bears interest at rate set by the financial institution on a daily basis (1.03% at December 31, 2012). Any balance that is not paid upon demand shall bear interest at the higher of the rate in effect for such loan plus 3%. As of December 31, 2012, the outstanding principal balance on the demand promissory notes was $80 million, which was recorded within short-term borrowings in the accompanying consolidated statements of financial condition.

          The Company was a party to a broker-dealer credit facility with a financial institution to finance overnight securities positions purchased as part of its ordinary course broker-dealer market making activities. In connection with this credit facility, the Company entered into a demand promissory note dated March 20, 2009. The promissory note was payable on demand with the outstanding balance being swept into a separate broker-dealer day loan credit facility with the same financial institution. The loan was collateralized by the Company's broker-dealer trading and deposit accounts with the same financial institution and bore interest at rate set by the financial institution on a daily basis. Any balance that was not paid upon demand bore interest at the higher of the rate in effect for such loan plus 2% or the prime rate plus 2%. As of December 31, 2011, the outstanding principal balance on the demand promissory note was $26.0 million. The credit facility was terminated as of October 5, 2012.

Short-Term Credit Facilities

          The Company entered into a credit facility with a financial institution on April 26, 2010, amended on December 10, 2010 and July 1, 2011. The loan proceeds of the credit facility are available only for meeting the initial margin requirements associated with the Company's ordinary course futures trading positions held in its trading account with an affiliate of the financial institution, and the amount available for borrowing is the lesser of $35.0 million or 80% of the initial margin requirement. These borrowings are collateralized by the Company's trading accounts and deposit accounts with the financial institution and its brokerage affiliate. The loan is payable on demand and interest on daily unpaid principal balances bears interest at rate per annum quoted by the financial institution each day (1.70% at December 31, 2012). Any balance that is not paid upon demand bears interest at the higher of the rate in effect for such loan plus 2% or the prime rate plus 2%. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, the outstanding principal balance on the line was approximately $23.9 million and $33.7 million, respectively, which was recorded within receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations in the accompanying consolidated statements of financial condition. Interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 was

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

8. Borrowings (Continued)

approximately $0.6 million and $0.3 million, respectively, and recorded within interest and dividends expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

          The Company entered into a $200.0 million credit facility with a financial institution on June 29, 2011 which was increased to $300.0 million on February 17, 2012. The loan proceeds of the credit facility are available only for meeting margin requirements associated with the products traded by the Company in the ordinary course using the financial institution's affiliate as its prime broker. The credit facility is collateralized by the Company's trading accounts for these products with the financial institution's affiliate and bears interest at 1.00% per annum in excess of the federal funds target rate of 0.25%. The credit facility is subject to certain financial covenants, including minimum account balances and loan ratios, as defined. The outstanding principal balance on the line of credit was approximately $144.1 million and $151.9 million as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively, and recorded within receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations in the accompanying consolidated statements of financial condition. Interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 was approximately $2.2 million and $0.6 million, respectively, and recorded within interest and dividends expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

          The Company entered into a credit facility with a financial institution on August 8, 2011 with approximately $10.0 million available for borrowing. The loan proceeds of the credit facility are available only to finance the Company's ordinary course securities positions held in its trading account with the financial institution's affiliate. The credit facility is collateralized by the securities held in such account and bears interest at the rate published by Bank of Mexico on business day immediately preceding the date on which the calculation is made. The Company did not have an outstanding balance as of December 31, 2012. The outstanding principal balance under the facility as of December 31, 2011 was approximately $2.7 million and recorded within receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations in the accompanying consolidated statements of financial condition. Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2011 was approximately $.03 million and recorded within interest and dividends expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Senior Secured Credit Facility

          On July 8, 2011, the Company funded a portion of the MTH acquisition with a term loan provided by a syndicate of financial institutions in the amount of $320.0 million to the Company's wholly owned subsidiary, VFH Parent LLC ("VFH"). The credit facility was issued at a discount of 2.0% or $313.6 million, net of $6.4 million discount. The credit facility is subject to quarterly principal payments beginning on December 31, 2011 with the unpaid principal payable on maturity on July 8, 2016. The loan is subject to certain financial covenants, including a total net leverage ratio and an interest coverage ratio, as defined in the credit agreement. VFH is also subject to contingent principal payments based on excess cash flow, as defined in the credit agreement, and certain other triggering events. Borrowings are collateralized by substantially all the assets of the Company, other than the equity interests in and assets of its registered broker-dealer and foreign subsidiaries, but including 100% of the non-voting stock and 65% of the voting stock of the Company's or its domestic subsidiaries' direct foreign subsidiaries.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

8. Borrowings (Continued)

          Aggregate future required principal payments based on the terms of this loan at December 31, 2012 are as follows:

(in thousands)
   
 

Year Ending December 31,

       

2013

  $ 48,000  

2014

    48,000  

2015

    48,000  

2016

    116,000  
       

Total maturities of long-term debt

  $ 260,000  
       

          The credit facility bears interest at a rate per annum at the Company's election equal to either (i) the greatest of (a) the prime rate in effect, (b) the federal funds effective rate (as defined in the credit agreement) plus 0.5% (c) the adjusted LIBOR rate (as defined in the credit agreement) for a Eurodollar borrowing with an interest period of one month plus 1%, and (d) 2.5% plus, in each case, 5%, or (ii) the greater of (x) the adjusted LIBOR rate for the interest period in effect and (y) 1.5%, plus 6%. The rate at December 31, 2012 was 7.5%.

          Deferred financing fees capitalized in connection with the financing were approximately $9.2 million which is included within other assets in the accompanying consolidated statements of financial condition. Amortization expense related to the deferred financing fees was approximately $2.6 million at December 31, 2012 and included within financing interest expense on senior secured credit facility in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

          Accretion related to the debt discount of $6.4 million was approximately $1.7 million and is included within financing interest expense on senior secured credit facility in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

          Subsequent to December 31, 2012, all outstanding amounts under this credit facility were refinanced and repaid in full as described in Note 18 below.

9. Fair Value Measurements

          At December 31, 2012, substantially all of the Company's financial assets and liabilities, including financial instruments, were carried at fair value or are short-term in nature and were carried at amounts that approximate fair value. The Company's debt obligations are carried at historical amounts. The fair value of the Company's short-term borrowings outstanding approximated the carrying value at December 31, 2012. The carrying value of the Company's long-term debt approximates fair value as of December 31, 2012.

          The fair value of equities, U.S. government obligations, and exchange traded notes is estimated using recently executed transactions and market price quotations in active markets and are categorized as Level 1. Fair value of the Company's derivative contracts is based on the indicative prices obtained from the banks that are counterparties to these contracts, as well as management's own analyses. The indicative prices have been independently validated through the Company's risk management systems that are designed to check prices with information independently obtained from exchanges and venues where such financial instruments are listed or to compare prices of similar instruments with similar maturities for listed financial futures in foreign exchange. At December 31, 2012 and 2011, the Company's derivative contracts have been categorized as Level 2 of the ASC 820-10 fair value hierarchy.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

9. Fair Value Measurements (Continued)

          Fair value measurements for those items measured on a recurring basis are summarized below as of December 31, 2012:

(in thousands)
 
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs (Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs (Level 3)
 
Counter-
Party
Netting
 
Total
Fair
Value
 

Assets

                               

Financial instruments owned, at fair value:

                               

Equity securities

  $ 1,076,024   $   $   $   $ 1,076,024  

Exchange traded notes

    35,440                 35,440  

Currency forwards

        432,980         (384,609 )   48,371  

Options

        911               911  
                       

  $ 1,111,464   $ 433,891   $   $ (384,609 ) $ 1,160,746  
                       

Financial instruments owned, pledged as collateral:

                               

Equity securities

  $ 302,222   $   $   $   $ 302,222  

Exchange traded notes

    37,632                 37,632  

U.S. government obligations

    11,965                 11,965  
                       

  $ 351,819   $   $   $   $ 351,819  
                       

Other Assets

                               

Exchange stock

  $ 5,148   $   $   $   $ 5,148  
                       

  $ 5,148   $   $   $   $ 5,148  
                       

Liabilities

                               

Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value:

                               

Equity securities

  $ 995,320   $   $   $   $ 995,320  

U.S. government obligations

    67,566                 67,566  

Exchange traded notes

    7,265                 7,265  

Currency forwards

        410,474           (384,609 )   25,865  

Options

        1,444             1,444  
                       

  $ 1,070,151   $ 411,918   $   $ (384,609 ) $ 1,097,460  
                       

          Excluded from the table above is variation margin on long and short futures contracts in the amount of $15.1 million, which is included within Receivables from brokers-dealers and clearing organizations, and $1.9 million, which is included within Payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

9. Fair Value Measurements (Continued)

          Fair value measurements for those items measured on a recurring basis are summarized below as of December 31, 2011:

(in thousands)
 
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs (Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs (Level 3)
 
Counter-
Party
Netting
 
Total
Fair
Value
 

Assets

                               

Financial instruments owned, at fair value:

                               

Equities

  $ 901,293   $   $   $   $ 901,293  

U.S. government obligations

    3,350                 3,350  

Exchange traded notes

    10,480                 10,480  

Currency forwards

        202,950         (177,137 )   25,813  

Options

        1,429             1,429  
                       

  $ 915,123   $ 204,379   $   $ (177,137 ) $ 942,365  
                       

Financial instruments owned, pledged as collateral:

                               

Equities

  $ 421,935   $   $   $   $ 421,935  

Exchange traded notes

    28,544                 28,544  
                       

  $ 450,479   $   $   $   $ 450,479  
                       

Other assets — investments in common stock

  $ 3,755   $   $   $   $ 3,755  
                       

  $ 3,755   $   $   $   $ 3,755  
                       

Liabilities

                               

Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value:

                               

Equities

  $ 994,308   $   $   $   $ 994,308  

U.S. government obligations

    75,817                 75,817  

Exchange traded notes

    16,113                 16,113  

Currency forwards

        177,137         (177,137 )    

Options

        1,342             1,342  
                       

Total liabilities

  $ 1,086,238   $ 178,479   $   $ (177,137 ) $ 1,087,580  
                       

          Excluded from the table above is variation margin on long and short futures contracts in the amount of $4.6 million, which is included within Receivables from brokers-dealers and clearing organizations, and $19.9 million, which is included within Payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

10. Derivative Instruments

          The fair value of the Company's derivative instruments on a gross basis consisted of the following at December 31, 2012 and 2011:

 
   
  2012   2011  
(in thousands)
Derivatives Assets
 
Balance Sheet Classification
 
Fair
Value
 
Notional
 
Fair
Value
 

Equities futures

  Receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations   $ (3,063 ) $ 981,586   $ 760  

Commodity futures

  Receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations     10,535     40,643,565     4,536  

Currency futures

  Receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations     7,549     453,972     (10 )

Treasury futures

  Receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations     77     2,019,332     (716 )

Options

  Financial instruments owned, at fair value     911     56,124     1,429  

Currency forwards

  Financial instruments owned, at fair value     432,980     55,768,932     202,950  

 

Derivatives Liabilities
 
Balance Sheet Classification
 
Fair
Value
 
Notional
 
Fair
Value
 

Equities futures

  Payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations   $ 524   $ 27,726   $  

Commodity futures

  Payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations     5,986     1,997,965      

Currency futures

  Payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations     (4,008 )   956,390     19,928  

Custom equity based swap

  Payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations     (611 )   50,852      

Options

  Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value     1,444     51,146     1,342  

Currency forwards

  Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value     410,474     57,891,555     177,137  

          Amounts included in receivables from and payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations represent variation margin on long and short futures contracts.

          The following table summarizes the gain impact that derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815 had on the results of operations, which are recorded in trading income, net in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011:

(in thousands)
 
2012
 
2011
 

Futures

  $ 291,087   $ 768,322  

Currency forwards

    (5,002 )   130,908  

Options

    (312 )   3,098  
           

  $ 285,773   $ 902,328  
           

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

11. Income Taxes

          Net income (loss) before income taxes is as follows for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011:

 
 
2012
 
2011
 

U.S. operations

  $ 82,330   $ 59,139  

Non-U.S. operations

    6,998     41,850  
           

  $ 89,328   $ 100,989  
           

          The provision for (benefit from) income taxes consists of the following for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011:

(in thousands)
 
2012
 
2011
 

Current provision

             

Non-US

  $ 2,292   $ 11,990  

Deferred benefit

             

Non-US

    (524 )   (293 )
           

Provision (benefit) for income taxes

  $ 1,768   $ 11,697  
           

          The reconciliation of the tax provision at the U.S. Federal Statutory Rate to the provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 is as follows:

(in thousands, except percentages)
 
2012
 
2011
 

Tax provision at the U.S. federal statutory rate

  $       $      

Foreign taxes

    1,768     2.0 %   11,640     11.4 %

Other

            57     0.1 %
                   

Provision (benefit) for income taxes

  $ 1,768     2.0 % $ 11,697     11.5 %
                   

          The components of the deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 are as follows:

(in thousands)
 
2012
 
2011
 

Deferred income tax assets

             

Other

  $ 113   $ 113  

Tax credits and net operating loss carryforwards

    1,928     1,595  
           

Total deferred income tax assets

  $ 2,041   $ 1,708  
           

Deferred income tax liabilities

             

Fixed assets

  $ 678   $ 24  
           

Total deferred income tax liabilities

  $ 678   $ 24  
           

          A deferred tax asset relating to the Ireland carryforward losses has been recognized in the amount of $2.0 million. The provisions of ASC 740 require that carrying amounts of deferred tax assets be reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the available evidence, it is more likely

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

11. Income Taxes (Continued)

than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Accordingly, the need to establish valuation allowances for deferred tax assets is assessed periodically with appropriate consideration given to all positive and negative evidence related to the realization of the deferred tax assets. A valuation allowance against deferred tax assets at the balance sheet date is not considered necessary, because it is more likely than not the deferred tax asset will be fully realized.

          Tax authorities in certain countries, such as Ireland, have not conducted any income tax audits of the Company. The Ireland subsidiary's returns are generally subject to review by the tax authority for certain purposes for 5 years from the end of the accounting period. The Company does not believe any adjustments that may arise from any subsequent examinations will be significant. There are no unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2012 and 2011.

12. Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees

Operating Leases

          The Company leases office space and office and communication equipment under various operating lease agreements, which expire at various dates through 2018. Certain lease agreements are non-cancellable with aggregate minimum lease payment requirements and contain certain escalation clauses. Aggregate future minimum rental payments under non-cancellable operating leases are as follows:

(in thousands)
   
 

December 31,

       

2013

  $ 15,466  

2014

    10,479  

2015

    5,719  

2016

    1,189  

2017

    1,133  

Thereafter

    823  
       

  $ 34,809  
       

          The Company recognizes rent expense on leases containing scheduled rent increase and rent holidays by aggregating the total lease payments on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Deferred rent was approximately $1.7 million and $0.9 million at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively, and recorded within accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities in the accompanying consolidated statements of financial condition.

          The Company received landlord incentives as part of certain leases for office space. Landlord incentives are capitalized and amortized as a reduction of rent expense over the term of the accompanying leases. At December 31, 2012 and 2011, landlord incentives were approximately $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively, and were recorded within accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities in the accompany statements of financial condition.

          On February 17, 2012 the Company abandoned one of its communication equipment leases and recognized a loss of $6.1 million, which is recorded within lease abandonment in the

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

12. Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees (Continued)

accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Remaining lease liability on the abandoned lease was approximately $2.8 million at December 31, 2012 and recorded within accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities in the accompanying consolidated statements of financial condition.

          Total operating lease expense, net of amortization expense related to landlord incentives, for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 was approximately $14.5 million and $16.7 million, respectively. Occupancy lease expense for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 of $3.0 million and $3.2 million, respectively, is included within operations and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Communication equipment lease expense for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 of $11.5 million and $12.1 million, respectively, is included within communication and data processing in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Capital Leases

          The Company also leases communication equipment under various capital lease agreements, which expire at various dates through 2015. Certain lease agreements are non-cancellable with aggregate minimum lease payment requirements and contain certain escalation clauses.

          Aggregate future minimum rental payments under non-cancellable capital leases are as follows:

(in thousands)
   
 

December 31,

       

2013

  $ 2,502  

2014

    780  

2015

    69  
       

  $ 3,351  
       

          The gross amount of assets recorded under capital leases was $4.3 million at December 31, 2012. Depreciation expense for assets recorded under capital leases was $1.2 million and is included in depreciation and amortization expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Employee Retention Plan

          In connection with the July 8, 2011 acquisition of MTH, the Company established an employee retention plan. Under the plan, approximately $21.5 million will be paid to employees in five installments from July 8, 2011 through July 8, 2014. The Company recognized approximately $6.1 million and $4.3 million, respectively, in compensation expense related to the plan, for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, in acquisition related retention bonus in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

12. Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees (Continued)

Consulting Agreements

          In connection with the December 9, 2011 acquisition of CCG, on September 30, 2011 the Company entered into a consulting agreement with CCG's founder and managing member to provide advisory services to the Company for the DMM business, requiring the Company to pay a consulting fee of $0.5 million per year during the three-year term, payable on a quarterly basis starting on the three-month anniversary of the date of the agreement. For the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, the Company paid approximately $0.5 million and $0.1 million, respectively, for the services received. These payments are recorded in operations and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Litigation

          The Company is subject to various legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. The Company may also be involved, from time to time, in reviews, investigations and proceedings (formal and informal) by governmental and self-regulatory agencies regarding the Company's business. Certain of these matters may result in adverse judgments, settlements, fines, penalties, injunctions or other relief. The Company disputes liabilities in connection with all such proceedings and claims, and the Company vigorously defends itself against all such proceedings and claims. However, the ultimate effect on the Company from the pending proceedings and claims, if any, is presently unknown. Where available information indicates it is probable that a liability had been incurred at the date of the financial statements, and the Company can reasonably estimate the amount of that liability, the Company accrues the estimated liability by a charge to income. Management believes that the resolution of any known matters will not result in any material adverse effect on the Company's financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Indemnification Arrangements

          Consistent with standard business practices in the normal course of business, the Company has provided general indemnifications to its managers, officers, employees and agents against expenses, judgments, fines, settlements and other amounts actually and reasonably incurred by such persons under certain circumstances, as more fully disclosed in the Company's operating agreement. The overall maximum amount of the obligations (if any) cannot reasonably be estimated as it will depend on the facts and circumstances that give rise to any future claims.

13. Related Party Transactions

          The Company did not enter into any material related party transactions as of and for the year ended December 31, 2012.

          At times, certain entities under common control of Mr. Viola, the manager of the Company ("affiliates"), will incur expenses on behalf of the Company. These expenses are recorded by the Company and repaid on a timely basis. As of December 31, 2011, the Company had amounts due to affiliates of approximately $0.16 million for such fees. Due to affiliates are included within accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities within the accompanying statements of financial condition.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

13. Related Party Transactions (Continued)

          The Company has entered into various promissory notes with members. The promissory notes were terminated and repaid during 2011. The Company has also entered into a line of credit and a promissory note with a bank which is indirectly owned by a member of the Company's majority member. The notes were terminated and repaid during 2011. Refer to Note 8.

          The Company leased one Chicago Board Options Exchange seat from its managing member. For the year ended December 31, 2011, approximately $0.07 million was expensed and included within brokerage, exchange and clearance fees, net, in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income. This lease was terminated during 2011.

          The Company utilized Pioneer Futures, Inc., a FCM owned by the Company's managing member, to clear futures trades. For the year ended December 31, 2011, the Company recorded an expense of approximately $6.4 million associated with the services received. These expenses are included in brokerage, exchange and clearance fees, net, within the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

          In connection with the MTH acquisition and related reorganization, the Company paid an affiliate of Silver Lake Partners, which acquired Class A-1 interests in the Company, a $4.4 million advisory fee.

14. Capital Structure

          The Company has issued three classes of limited liability company interests: Class A-1 interests; Class A-2 interests; and Class B interests. Class A-2 interests include both Class A-2 capital interests and Class A-2 profits interests.

Class A-1 Interests

          Class A-1 interests are convertible by the holders at any time into an equivalent number of Class A-2 capital interests and are automatically converted upon a qualified initial public offering ("IPO") or qualified sale (as defined in the Company's Amended and Restated Limited Liability Agreement dated April 17, 2011, as amended from time to time). Unless and until such conversion occurs, holders of the Class A-1 members interests are entitled to a number of rights and benefits including: (i) a preference in distributions upon a sale or other specified capital transaction of the Company until their capital contribution balance is reduced to zero; and (ii) a preference in any liquidation or winding up of the Company. An affiliate of Silver Lake Partners that own Class A-1 interests (the "Silver Lake Member") also has the right to call for redemption and the right to appoint two of five members on the Company's board of directors and possess approval rights with respect to certain board actions and corporate events. There were 25,000,000 Class A-1 redeemable membership interests and 1,964,826 Class A-1 interests issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, with an aggregate capital balance of approximately $270 million. There were no Class A-1 interests granted, forfeited, distributed or redeemed during the year ending December 31, 2012.

Class A-2 Interests

          Class A-2 interests include both Class A-2 capital interests and Class A-2 profits interests. Approximately 95 million Class A-2 capital interests are issued and outstanding as of December 31,

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

14. Capital Structure (Continued)

2012 and 2011. Class A-2 profits interests are issued to Virtu Employee Holdco LLC ("Employee Holdco"), a holding company which holds the interests on behalf of certain key employees or stakeholders. Employee Holdco issues Class A-2 profits interests of Employee Holdco to such employees and stakeholders which correspond to the underlying Class A-2 profits interests held by Employee Holdco. There were 2,298,957 and 646,801 Class A-2 profits interests outstanding as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Approximately 1,705,704 and 646,801 Class A-2 profits interests were issued during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Holders of Class A-2 profits interests share in distributions of available cash flow based on the ratio of interests held to the total number of Class A-1 and Class A-2 interests outstanding, and also share on a pro rata basis in the proceeds of a liquidity event, subject to a valuation hurdle determined by the Company at the time of the grant based on a valuation performed by a third party valuation firm. Holders of the Class A-2 profits interests share in the proceeds of a liquidity event above such valuation hurdle, and receive a preference on such distributions above such valuation threshold until all holders of Class A-2 profits interests subject to such valuation threshold have been allocated capital proceeds equal to the deemed capital contribution attributable to such Class A-2 profits interests as determined by the Company at the time of the grant.

Class B Interests

          The Company previously approved the Virtu Financial LLC Management Incentive Plan (the "MIP"). Participants of the MIP are entitled to receive either Class B Interests of VF or Class B interests of Employee Holdco, which holds directly the corresponding Class B interests in the Company. Upon a liquidity event, Class B interests under the MIP are entitled to share proportionately in distributions in excess of the applicable profits interest valuation hurdle, which is determined by the Company based on a valuation at the time of the grant performed by a third party valuation firm. Class B interests are non-voting interests which vest over a four year period and upon a sale, initial public offering or certain other capital transactions of VF. Class B interests are subject to forfeiture and repurchase provisions upon certain termination events. Class B interests representing a right to share in 11.715% and 11.565% of capital proceeds (on a fully diluted basis) were issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Class B interests representing 0.90% and 1.35% were issued during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

Distribution and Liquidation Rights

          Holders of Class A-1 and Class A-2 interests share in distributions of available cash flow based on the ratio of interests held to the total number of Class A-1 and Class A-2 interests outstanding. Holders of Class B interests and not entitled to share in such distributions.

          As of December 31, 2012, unless and until converted to Class A-2 members' interests, upon occurrence of a capital transaction, Class A-1 interests are entitled to distributions of capital proceeds until Class A-1 members' unrecovered capital balance (as defined) has been reduced to zero. After distributions to Class A-1 members, capital proceeds are provided to Class A-2 capital members until Class A-2 capital members' unrecovered capital balance (as defined) have been reduced to zero. After distributions to Class A-1 and Class A-2 members, distributions of capital proceeds are provided to members in respect to their respective capital proceeds percentages (as defined), subject to the valuation hurdles and distribution preferences applicable to holders of

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

14. Capital Structure (Continued)

Class A-2 profits interests. Holders of vested Class B interests share in distributions of capital proceeds above the applicable valuation hurdle proportionately based on their capital proceeds percentages.

          In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution, winding up, merger or company sale, distributions are made, first, to Class A-1 members' unrecovered capital balance (as defined) until they have been reduced to zero. Second, to Class A-2 capital members, in proportion to their unrecovered capital balance (as defined) until reduced to zero and then to members in respect to their capital proceeds percentages (as defined), subject to the valuation hurdles and distribution preferences applicable to holders of Class A-2 profits interests.

Conversion Rights

          As of December 31, 2012, the Class A-1 members' interests are convertible into Class A-2 interests at any time at the option of the Class A-1 member on a one-for-one basis. The Class A-1 members' interests are automatically converted upon a qualified IPO or qualified sale. Qualified IPO is defined as an initial public offering on the New York Stock Exchange or Nasdaq National Market in which the gross proceeds raised equal or exceed $250.0 million and the valuation of the Company implies a return to the Silver Lake Member equal to at least (after taking into account previous distributions) 1.75 times the invested amount. Qualified sale is defined as a sale of all or a majority of the assets of the Company or all or a majority of the limited liability company interests of the Company to a third party that is not an affiliate or other permitted transferee of any member as long as the sale (i) is for consideration consisting entirely of cash and/or marketable securities and would satisfy the minimum return requirement (as defined) or (ii) was approved by the Silver Lake Member.

Redemption Rights

          Unless and until conversion occurs, the Silver Lake Member is entitled to a number of rights and benefits, including the right to call for redemption of its Class A-1 interests any time on or after November 24, 2016.

          The redemption price for each unit of Class A-1 interests owned by the Silver Lake Member is the greater of (i) the unrecovered capital balance and (ii) the fair market value of the Class A-1 interests on the date of redemption. The Company may redeem the Class A-1 interests using a redemption note provided that all available cash flow and all capital proceeds are used to pay down the redemption note. For so long as the redemption note is outstanding, holders of the redemption note whose outstanding principal balance exceeds 50% of the aggregate principal amount of the redemption note shall retain any approval and consent rights as if all Class A-1 interests subject to such redemption continued to be owned.

          In lieu of redemption, the Silver Lake Member can require the Company to purchase all of the equity securities of the affiliated entity or entities that directly or indirectly own their Class A-1 Interests provided that any such entity has not conducted any business or operations since inception other than the direct or indirect ownership of the interests of the Company.

          The redeemable equity instrument is classified outside of permanent equity on the statements of financial condition.

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14. Capital Structure (Continued)

          In the event of termination of the employment of an employee on whose behalf Employee Holdco holds vested Class A-2 profits interests or Class B interests, the Company shall have the right but not the obligation to repurchase the applicable interests held by Employee Holdco, which would make a corresponding repurchase of the interests held by the terminated employee. The repurchase price payable by the Company in the event that it exercises its repurchase right with respect to Class A-2 profits interests is based on the value of the award at the date of issuance. In the event of a repurchase by the Company of Class B interests held by Employee Holdco on behalf of a terminated employee, the Company shall pay a call price determined by the manager, not to exceed the fair market value of such interests.

East Management Incentive Plan

          On July 8, 2011, 2,625,000 Class A-2 capital interests were contributed by Class A-2 members to Virtu East MIP LLC ("East MIP"). East MIP issued Class A interests to the members who contributed the Class A-2 capital interests, and Class B interests ("East MIP Class B Interests") to certain key employees. East MIP Class B Interests are non-voting interests which vest over the four year period ending July 8, 2015, but in any event no earlier than upon the occurrence of a sale, initial public offering or certain other capital transactions of VF. Vested East MIP Class B Interests are entitled to participate in distributions of the proceeds received in respect of the Class A-2 capital interests held by East MIP upon a sale or certain other capital transactions of VF. East MIP Class B Interests are subject to forfeiture and repurchase provisions upon certain termination events. The Company has not recognized compensation expense under this plan for the year ended December 31, 2012.

15. Share-based Compensation

          During 2012, the Company granted Class A-2 profits interests to certain employees and a non-employee in connection with an acquisition. These interests vest immediately or over a period of up to 4 years and are subject to repurchase provisions, upon certain termination events, as described above (Note 14). These awards are accounted for as equity awards and are measured at the date of grant. For the period ended December 31, 2012, the Company recorded $8.4 million in expense recognized relating to these awards. As of December 31, 2012, total unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to these Class A-2 profits interests that have not vested was $2.7 million and this amount is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.9 years.

          The fair value of the Class A-2 profits interests was estimated by the Company using an option pricing methodology based on expected volatility, risk-free rates and expected life. Expected volatility is calculated based on companies in the same peer group as the Company. The weighted-average assumptions used by the Company in estimating the grant date fair values of the Class A-2 profits interests during the year ended December 31, 2012 are summarized below:

Expected life (in years)

    1.5  

Expected stock price volatility

    30 %

Expected dividend yield

     

Fair Value of Class A-2 profits interests

  $ 6.57  

Risk-free interest rate

    0.20 %

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

15. Share-based Compensation (Continued)

          Activity in the Class A-2 profits interests is as follows:

 
 
# of Interests
 
Weighted
Average
Fair Value
 
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Life
 

Outstanding December 31, 2010

      $      

Interests Granted

    646,801     6.57        
               

Outstanding December 31, 2011

    646,801   $ 6.57      

Interests Granted

    1,705,704     6.55        

Interests Repurchased

    (53,548 )   6.57        
                   

Outstanding December 31, 2012

    2,298,957   $ 6.57     0.7  
                   

          As indicated in Note 14, East MIP Class B Interests are subject to time based vesting over four years and only fully vest upon the consummation of a qualifying capital transaction by the Company, including an initial public offering. As of December 31, 2012, a capital transaction was not probable, and therefore none of the East MIP Class B interests were vested and no compensation expense was recognized relating to these awards. Upon the occurrence of a qualifying capital transaction, including the completion of an initial public offering, the Company expects to recognize compensation expense in an amount equal to the fair value of outstanding time-vested East MIP Class B Interests as of the date of the transaction, with the fair value of the unvested East MIP Class B Interests recognized as a compensation expense ratably over the remaining vesting period.

          During 2012, the Company granted Class B interests to certain employees. As discussed in Note 14, these interests vest only upon the occurrence of both time-based vesting over a four year period and the consummation of a qualifying capital transaction by the Company. As of December 31, 2012, a capital transaction was not probable, and therefore none of the Class B interests were vested and no compensation expense was recognized relating to these awards. Upon the occurrence of a qualifying capital transaction, including the completion of an initial public offering, the Company expects to recognize compensation expense in an amount equal to the fair value of outstanding time-vested Class B interests as of the date of the transaction, with the fair value of the unvested Class B interests recognized as compensation expense ratably over the remaining vesting period.

16. Regulatory Requirement

          As of December 31, 2012, two subsidiaries of the Company are subject to the Securities Exchange Commission ("SEC") Uniform Net Capital Rule 15c3-1 which requires the maintenance of minimum net capital of $1.0 million for each of the two broker-dealers. An additional subsidiary of the Company was previously subject to the SEC Uniform Net Capital Rule 15c3-1, which required such subsidiary to maintain minimum net capital of approximately $0.3 million. This subsidiary withdrew from registration as a broker-dealer in the fourth quarter of 2012. At December 31, 2012, the subsidiaries have net capital of approximately $58.1 million and $9.7 million, which was approximately $57.1 million and $8.7 million in excess of its required net capital of $1.0 million and $1.0 million.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

17. Financial Instruments with Off Balance Sheet Risk and Concentration of Risk

          The Company maintains U.S. checking accounts with balances frequently in excess of $250,000. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") insures combined accounts up to $250,000. The FDIC from December 31, 2010, through December 31, 2012, insured all funds in a US non-interest bearing transaction account in full. This temporary unlimited coverage is in addition to, and separate from, the coverage of at least $250,000 available to depositors under the FDIC's general deposit insurance rules.

Credit Risk

          Credit risk represents the maximum potential loss that the Company would incur if the counterparties failed to perform pursuant to the terms of their agreements with the Company. The Company regularly transacts business with major U.S. and foreign financial institutions. The Company is subject to credit risk to the extent that the brokers may be unable to fulfill their obligations either to return the Company's securities or repay amounts owed. In the normal course of its securities activities, the Company may be required to pledge securities as collateral, whereby the prime brokers have the right, under the terms of the prime brokerage agreements, to sell or repledge the securities of the Company. The Company manages credit risk by limiting the total amount of arrangements outstanding, both by individual counterparty and in the aggregate, by monitoring the size and maturity structure of its portfolio and by applying uniform credit standards for all activities associated with credit risk.

          The purchase and sale of futures contracts requires margin deposits with a Futures Commission Merchant ("FCM"). The Commodity Exchange Act requires an FCM to segregate all customer transactions and assets from the FCM's proprietary activities. A customer's cash and other equity deposited with an FCM are considered commingled with all other customer funds subject to the FCM's segregation requirements. In the event of an FCM's insolvency, recovery may be limited to the Company's pro rata share of segregated customer funds available. It is possible that the recovery amount could be less than the total cash and other equity deposited.

Currency Risk

          Though predominantly invested in U.S. dollar-denominated financial instruments at December 31, 2012, the Company may invest in securities or maintain cash denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. The Company is exposed to risks that the exchange rate of the U.S. dollar relative to other currencies may change in a manner that has an adverse effect on the reported value of the Company's assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar.

Market Risk

          The Company is exposed to market risks that arise from equity price risk, foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations and changes in commodity prices. Management has established procedures to actively monitor and minimize market and credit risks. In addition, the Company has sold securities that it does not currently own and will, therefore, be obligated to purchase such securities at a future date. The Company has recorded these obligations in the consolidated financial statements at December 31, 2012, at fair values of the related securities and will incur a loss if the fair value of the securities increases subsequent to December 31, 2012.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

17. Financial Instruments with Off Balance Sheet Risk and Concentration of Risk (Continued)

Off Balance Sheet

          The Company enters into various transactions involving derivatives and other off balance sheet financial instruments, including futures. These derivative financial instruments are used to conduct trading activities and manage market risks and are, therefore, subject to varying degrees of market and credit risk. Derivative transactions are entered into for trading purposes or to economically hedge other positions or transactions.

          Futures contracts provide for delayed delivery of the underlying instrument. The contractual or notional amounts related to these financial instruments reflect the volume and activity and do not reflect the amounts at risk. Futures contracts are executed on an exchange, and cash settlement is made on a daily basis for market movements. Accordingly, futures contracts generally do not have credit risk. Market risk is substantially dependent upon the value of the underlying financial instruments and is affected by market forces, such as volatility and changes in interest and foreign exchange rates.

18. Geographic Information

          The Company operates its business in the U.S. and internationally, primarily in Europe and Asia. The following table presents total net revenues by geographic area for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011. Significant transactions and balances between geographic regions occur primarily as a result of certain of our subsidiaries incurring operating expenses such as employee compensation, communications and data processing and other overhead costs, for the purpose of providing execution, clearing and other support services to affiliates. Charges for transactions between regions are designed to approximate full costs. Intra-region income and expenses and related balances have been eliminated in the geographic information presented below to accurately reflect the external business conducted in each geographical region. The revenues are attributed to countries based on the locations of the subsidiaries:

 
  For the Years
Ended,
December 31,
 
Revenues:
 
2012
 
2011
 

United States

  $ 452,282   $ 350,046  

Australia

    44,240     21,190  

Ireland

    91,450     26,336  

Singapore

    25,908      

United Kingdom

    1,748     63,639  
           

Total revenues

  $ 615,628   $ 461,211  

19. Parent Company

Guarantees.

          The Company guarantees the indebtedness of its direct subsidiary under the senior secured credit facility (Note 8). The outstanding principal balance of the term loan under the senior secured credit facility totaled $260.0 million and $308.0 million at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

19. Parent Company (Continued)


Virtu Financial LLC
(Parent Company Only)
Condensed Statements of Financial Condition
As of December 31, 2012 and 2011

(in thousands, except per interest data)
 
December 31,
2012
 
December 31,
2011
 

Assets

             

Cash and cash equivalents

  $ 26   $ 228  

Receivables from subsidiaries

    17,935     4,150  

Investments in subsidiaries, equity basis

    992,458     1,033,108  
           

Total assets

  $ 1,010,419   $ 1,037,486  
           

Liabilities, redeemable membership interest and members' equity

             

Liabilities

             

Payables to subsidiaries

  $ 316,453     309,325  

Accounts payable and accrued expenses and other liabilities

    3,731      
           

Total liabilities

  $ 320,184     309,325  
           

Class A-1 redeemable membership interest

    250,000     250,000  

Members' equity

             

Class A-1 — Authorized and Issued — 1,964,826 and 1,964,826 interests, Outstanding — 1,964,826 and 1,964,826 interests, at December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011

    19,648     19,648  

Class A-2 — Authorized and Issued — 98,403,196 and 96,697,492 interests, Outstanding — 97,323,850 and 95,671,694 interests at December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011

    488,989     480,615  

Accumulated deficit

    (68,347 )   (21,499 )

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

    (55 )   (603 )
           

Total members' equity

  $ 440,235     478,161  
           

Total liabilities, redeemable membership interest and members' equity

  $ 1,010,419     1,037,486  
           

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

19. Parent Company (Continued)


Virtu Financial LLC
(Parent Company Only)
Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income
For the Years Ended December 31, 2012 and 2011

(in thousands)
 
For the Year
Ended
December 31,
2012
 
For the Year
Ended
December 31,
2011
 

Revenues:

             

Service fee revenue

  $ 5,154   $  

Expenses:

             

Operations and administrative

    5,428     145  

Acquisition cost

        13,800  
           

Total expenses

    5,428     13,945  
           

Income (loss) before equity in income of subsidiaries

    (274 )   (13,945 )
           

Equity in income of subsidiaries, net of tax

    87,834     103,237  

Net income

 
$

87,560
 
$

89,292
 
           

Other Comprehensive Income, net of taxes:

             

Cumulative translation adjustment

    548     (488 )
           

Comprehensive Income

  $ 88,108   $ 88,804  
           

Service Fee Revenue

          Service fee revenue is comprised of reimbursement for expenses from affiliates.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

19. Parent Company (Continued)


Virtu Financial LLC
(Parent Company Only)
Condensed Statements Of Cash Flows
For the Years Ended December 31, 2012 and 2011

(in thousands)
 
For the
Year Ended
December 31,
2012
 
For the
Year Ended
December 31,
2011
 

Cash flows from operating activities

             

Net Income

  $ 87,560     89,292  

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:

             

Equity in income of subsidiaries and investment, net of dividends received

    41,198     (63,137 )

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

    (2,926 )   305,175  
           

Net cash provided by operating activities

    125,832     331,330  

Cash flows from investing activities

             

Investments in subsidiaries, equity basis

    8,726     (471,574 )
           

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities

    8,726     (471,574 )

Cash flows from financing activities

             

Proceeds from issuance of Class A-1 interests

        269,648  

Repurchase of Class A-2 interests

    (352 )   (10,258 )

Member contributions

        1,950  

Member distributions

    (134,408 )   (120,868 )
           

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

    (134,760 )   140,472  

Net increase (decrease) in Cash and cash equivalents

   
(202

)
 
228
 

Cash and equivalents, beginning of period

   
228
   
 
           

Cash and equivalents, end of period

  $ 26   $ 228  
           

20. Subsequent Events

          The Company has evaluated subsequent events through December 24, 2013, the date the consolidated financial statements were issued.

          In the third quarter of 2012, the Company entered into a multi-year technology services agreement with a large financial institution. Pursuant to the agreement, the Company acts as a third party provider of application services and facilities management for the institution's foreign exchange trading operations and receives a one-time upfront fee in the amount of $9 million and annual fees of $7 million during the contract's initial three year term, in each case subject to deduction for certain specified third party costs incurred by the financial institution. The agreement also provides for an incentive payment after each year during the term based on the financial institution's foreign exchange trading revenues. The Company achieved significant milestones under the agreement in the first quarter of 2013.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

20. Subsequent Events (Continued)

          In the first quarter of 2013, the Company announced the closure of its London office and the consolidation of its European operations into its existing Dublin operation. The Company recorded a restructuring charge of approximately $2.4 million in connection with the closure and consolidation.

          The senior secured credit facility was amended on February 5, 2013 and May 1, 2013. The amendments resulted in a decreased interest rate, more flexible operating covenants, and an increase in principal amount outstanding. At the Company's election the interest rate on the balance outstanding under the credit facility is equal to either (i) the greatest of (a) the prime rate in effect, (b) the federal funds effective rate (as defined in the credit agreement) plus 0.5% (c) the adjusted LIBOR rate (as defined in the credit agreement) for a Eurodollar borrowing with an interest period of one month plus 1%, and (d) 2.25% plus, in each case, 3.5%, or (ii) the greater of (x) the adjusted LIBOR rate for the interest period in effect and (y) 1.25%, plus 4.5%. The rate at September 30, 2013 was 5.75%. Additionally, the amendment and restated agreement reduced the annual amortization obligation from 15% of the original principal amount to approximately 1% of the outstanding principal amount as of May 1, 2013, which was $408.6 million. As a result of the amendments, the Company recognized a loss of $4.6 million on extinguishment of a portion of its unamortized debt issue costs and debt discount. $147.1 million of the additional proceeds of the term loan were used to finance a special distribution to the Company's members.

          On November 8, 2013, the Company's wholly owned subsidiary consummated a refinancing transaction with respect to its credit facility. The amendment to the credit facility increased the aggregate amount of the term loan by approximately $100 million, to $510 million, and extended the maturity of the term loan until 2019. $98.4 million of the additional proceeds of the term loan were used to finance a special distribution to the Company's members. The terms of the amended credit facility are otherwise substantially similar terms to the original credit facility except as set forth below and are collateralized by substantially all of the assets of the Company, other than the equity interests in and assets of its regulated and foreign subsidiaries, but including 100% of the non-voting stock and 65% of the voting stock of the Company's or its domestic subsidiaries' direct foreign subsidiaries. In connection with the refinancing transaction, the Company also amended the terms of its limited liability company agreement to facilitate the transaction.

          The credit facility bears interest at a rate per annum at the Company's election equal to either (i) the greatest of (a) the prime rate in effect, (b) the federal funds effective rate (as defined in the credit agreement) plus 0.5% (c) the adjusted LIBOR rate (as defined in the credit agreement) for a Eurodollar borrowing with an interest period of one month plus 1%, and (d) 2.25% plus, in each case, 3.5%, or (ii) the greater of (x) the adjusted LIBOR rate for the interest period in effect and (y) 1.25%, plus 4.5%. Pursuant to the amendment, each incremental spread will be reduced by 0.50% upon the consummation of a qualifying initial public offering.

          On November 4, 2013, the Company granted Class A-2 profits interests to an employee vesting over a period of 4 years, subject to repurchase provisions upon certain termination events. These awards are accounted for as equity awards and are measured at the date of grant. The Company anticipates that it will recognize share-based compensation expense related to these Class A-2 profits interests in an amount equal to $2.9 million over the vesting period.

          In addition to the special distributions mentioned above, the Company made tax and profit distributions to its members in the amount of $86.8 million and $101.1 million, respectively, from January 1, 2013 through November 8, 2013.

F-80


                       Shares

Virtu Financial, Inc.

Class A Common Stock



GRAPHIC



Goldman, Sachs & Co.
Sandler O'Neill + Partners, L.P.



   


Table of Contents


PART II

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

Item 13.    Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.

          The following sets forth the expenses and costs (other than underwriting discounts and commissions) expected to be incurred in connection with the issuance and distribution of the Class A common stock registered hereby. Other than the SEC registration fee, the NASDAQ listing fee and the FINRA filing fee, the amounts set forth below are estimates:

SEC registration fee

    *         

NASDAQ listing fee

    *         

FINRA filing fee

    *         

Printing expenses

    *         

Accounting fees and expenses

    *         

Legal fees and expenses

    *         

Blue Sky fees and expenses

    *         

Transfer agent fees and expenses

    *         

Miscellaneous

    *         
       

Total

  $ *         
       

*
To be provided by amendment.

Item 14.    Indemnification of Directors and Officers.

          Section 145(b) of the Delaware General Corporation Law provides, in general, that a corporation shall have the power to indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor because the person is or was a director or officer of the corporation, against any expenses (including attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably incurred by the person in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if the person acted in good faith and in a manner the person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, except that no indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the corporation unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to be indemnified for such expenses which the Court of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper.

          Section 145(g) of the Delaware General Corporation Law provides, in general, that a corporation shall have the power to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director or officer of the corporation against any liability asserted against the person in any such capacity, or arising out of the person's status as such, whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify the person against such liability under the provisions of the law. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, a director will not be liable to us or our stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director. In addition, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will also provide that we will indemnify each director and officer and may indemnify employees and agents, as determined by our board, to the fullest extent provided by the laws of the State of Delaware.

II-1


Table of Contents

          The foregoing statements are subject to the detailed provisions of section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law and our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and by-laws.

          Section 102 of the Delaware General Corporation Law permits the limitation of directors' personal liability to the corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duties as a director except for (i) any breach of the director's duty of loyalty to the corporation or its stockholders, (ii) acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of the law, (iii) breaches under section 174 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which relates to unlawful payments of dividends or unlawful stock repurchase or redemptions, and (iv) any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.

          Reference is made to Item 17 for our undertakings with respect to indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act.

          We maintain directors' and officers' liability insurance for our officers and directors.

          The underwriting agreement for this offering will provide that each underwriter severally agrees to indemnify and hold harmless our Company, each of our directors, each of our officers who signs the registration statement, and each person who controls our Company within the meaning of the Securities Act but only with respect to written information relating to such underwriter furnished to our Company by or on behalf of such underwriter specifically for inclusion in the documents referred to in the foregoing indemnity.

          We expect to enter into an indemnification agreement with each of our executive officers and directors that provides, in general, that we will indemnify them to the fullest extent permitted by law in connection with their service to us or on our behalf.

Item 15.    Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities.

          In October 2013, in connection with its formation, the registrant sold 100 of its shares of Class A common stock to VFH Parent LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Virtu Financial, for an aggregate consideration of $100. The shares of common stock described above were issued in reliance on the exemption contained in Section 4(2) of the Securities Act on the basis that the transactions did not involve a public offering. No underwriters were involved in the sale.

          In connection with the reorganization transactions, based on an assumed initial public offering price of $             per share (the midpoint of the estimated public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), the registrant will issue an aggregate of                          shares of its Class A common stock to the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder. The shares of Class A common stock described above will be issued in reliance on the exemption contained in Section 4(2) of the Securities Act on the basis that the transaction will not involve a public offering. No underwriters will be involved in the transaction.

          In connection with the reorganization transactions, based on an assumed initial public offering price of $             per share (the midpoint of the estimated public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), the registrant will issue an aggregate of                          shares of its Class D common stock to the Founder Post-IPO Member and                           shares of its Class C common stock to the other Virtu Post-IPO Members. The shares of Class D common stock and Class C common stock described above will be issued in reliance on the exemption contained in Section 4(2) of the Securities Act on the basis that the transaction will not involve a public offering. No underwriters will be involved in the transaction.

II-2


Table of Contents


Item 16.    Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.

Exhibit Number
 
Description
  1.1 * Form of Underwriting Agreement.

 

2.1

*

Form of Reorganization Agreement.

 

2.2

*

Form of Merger Agreement between Virtu Merger Sub, LLC and SLP III EW Feeder Corp.

 

3.1

*

Form of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant.

 

3.2

*

Form of Amended and Restated By-laws of the Registrant.

 

4.1

*

Specimen Stock Certificate.

 

5.1

 

Opinion of Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP as to legality of the Class A common stock.

 

10.1

 

Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of November 8, 2013, among Virtu Financial LLC, VFH Parent LLC, the lenders party thereto and Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, as administrative agent.

 

10.2

*

Form of Indemnification Agreement.

 

10.3

*

Form of Stockholders Agreement by and among Virtu Financial, Inc. and the stockholders named therein.

 

10.4

*

Form of Exchange Agreement.

 

10.5

*

Form of Registration Rights Agreement.

 

10.6

*

Form of Tax Receivable Agreement by and among Virtu Financial, Inc., the Founder Post-IPO Member, the Management Vehicles, the Management Members and other pre-IPO investors.

 

10.7

*

Form of Tax Receivable Agreement by and between Virtu Financial, Inc. and the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder.

 

10.8

*

Form of Tax Receivable Agreement by and among Virtu Financial, Inc. and the Silver Lake Post-IPO Members.

 

10.9

*

Form of Second Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Virtu Financial LLC.

 

10.10

*

Form of Common Stock Subscription Agreement.

 

10.11

*

Virtu Financial LLC Management Incentive Plan.

 

10.12

*

Virtu Financial, Inc. 2014 Management Incentive Plan.

 

10.13

*

Form of Employee Option Award Agreement for use with the Virtu Financial, Inc. 2014 Management Incentive Plan.

 

10.14

*

Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for use with the Virtu Financial, Inc. 2014 Management Incentive Plan.

 

10.15

*

Form of Unit Vesting Agreement.

 

10.16

*

Form of Equity Retention and Restrictive Covenant Agreement.

 

10.17

*

Form of Class A Common Stock Purchase Agreement.

II-3


Table of Contents

Exhibit Number
 
Description
  10.18 * Form of Unit Purchase Agreement.

 

21.1

 

Subsidiaries of the Registrant.

 

23.1

*

Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP, independent registered public accounting firm.

 

23.2

*

Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP, independent registered public accounting firm.

 

23.3

*

Consent of Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1 to this Registration Statement).

 

24.1

*

Powers of Attorney (included on signature pages of this Part II).

*
To be filed by amendment.

Item 17.    Undertakings.

          (a)     The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to provide to the underwriters at the closing specified in the underwriting agreements certificates in such denominations and registered in such names as required by the underwriters to permit prompt delivery to each purchaser.

          (b)     Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

          (c)     The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that:

              (1)     For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective.

              (2)     For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

II-4


Table of Contents


SIGNATURES

          Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of New York, State of New York, on                                        , 2014.

    VIRTU FINANCIAL, INC.

 

 

By:

 

  

Name:  Douglas A. Cifu
Title: Chief Executive Officer


POWER OF ATTORNEY

          KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each individual whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints each of Douglas A. Cifu, Christopher Concannon and Joseph Molluso, acting singly, his true and lawful agent, proxy and attorney-in-fact, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to (i) act on, sign and file with the Securities and Exchange Commission any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this registration statement together with all schedules and exhibits thereto and any subsequent registration statement filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, together with all schedules and exhibits thereto, (ii) act on, sign and file such certificates, instruments, agreements and other documents as may be necessary or appropriate in connection therewith, (iii) act on and file any supplement to any prospectus included in this registration statement or any such amendment or any subsequent registration statement filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and (iv) take any and all actions which may be necessary or appropriate in connection therewith, granting unto such agents, proxies and attorneys-in-fact, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing necessary or appropriate to be done, as fully for all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby approving, ratifying and confirming all that such agents, proxies and attorneys-in-fact or any of their substitutes may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue thereof.

          Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed on                                        , 2014, by the following persons in the capacities indicated.

Signature
 
Title

 

 

 
  

Douglas A. Cifu
  Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) and Director

  

Joseph Molluso

 

Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

  

Vincent Viola

 

Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors

  

John P. Abizaid

 

Director

II-5


Table of Contents

Signature
 
Title

 

 

 
  

Michael Bingle
  Director

 

Joseph Osnoss

 

Director

  

John F. Sandner

 

Director

II-6


Table of Contents


EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit
Number
  Description
  1.1 * Form of Underwriting Agreement.

 

2.1

*

Form of Reorganization Agreement.

 

2.2

*

Form of Merger Agreement between Virtu Merger Sub, LLC and SLP III EW Feeder Corp.

 

3.1

*

Form of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant.

 

3.2

*

Form of Amended and Restated By-laws of the Registrant.

 

4.1

*

Specimen Stock Certificate.

 

5.1

 

Opinion of Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP as to legality of the Class A common stock.

 

10.1

 

Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of November 8, 2013, among Virtu Financial LLC, VFH Parent LLC, the lenders party thereto and Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, as administrative agent.

 

10.2

*

Form of Indemnification Agreement.

 

10.3

*

Form of Stockholders Agreement by and among Virtu Financial, Inc. and the stockholders named therein.

 

10.4

*

Form of Exchange Agreement.

 

10.5

*

Form of Registration Rights Agreement.

 

10.6

*

Form of Tax Receivable Agreement by and among Virtu Financial, Inc., the Founder Post-IPO Member, the Management Vehicles, the Management Members and other pre-IPO investors.

 

10.7

*

Form of Tax Receivable Agreement by and between Virtu Financial, Inc. and the Silver Lake Post-IPO Stockholder.

 

10.8

*

Form of Tax Receivable Agreement by and among Virtu Financial, Inc. and the Silver Lake Post-IPO Members.

 

10.9

*

Form of Second Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Virtu Financial LLC.

 

10.10

*

Form of Common Stock Subscription Agreement.

 

10.11

*

Virtu Financial LLC Management Incentive Plan.

 

10.12

*

Virtu Financial, Inc. 2014 Management Incentive Plan.

 

10.13

*

Form of Employee Option Award Agreement for use with the Virtu Financial, Inc. 2014 Management Incentive Plan.

 

10.14

*

Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for use with the Virtu Financial, Inc. 2014 Management Incentive Plan.

 

10.15

*

Form of Unit Vesting Agreement.

 

10.16

*

Form of Equity Retention and Restrictive Covenant Agreement.

 

10.17

*

Form of Class A Common Stock Purchase Agreement.

II-7


Table of Contents

Exhibit
Number
  Description
  10.18 * Form of Unit Purchase Agreement.

 

21.1

 

Subsidiaries of the Registrant.

 

23.1

*

Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP, independent registered public accounting firm.

 

23.2

*

Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP, independent registered public accounting firm.

 

23.3

*

Consent of Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1 to this Registration Statement).

 

24.1

*

Powers of Attorney (included on signature pages of this Part II).

*
To be filed by amendment.

II-8




Exhibit 5.1

 

212-373-3000

 

212-757-3990

 

                , 2014

 

Virtu Financial, Inc.

645 Madison Avenue

New York, NY 10022-1010

 

Virtu Financial, Inc.
Registration Statement on Form S-1
(Registration No. 333-           )

 

Ladies and Gentlemen:

 

We have acted as special counsel to Virtu Financial, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), in connection with the Registration Statement on Form S-1, as amended (the “Registration Statement”), of the Company, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), and the rules and regulations thereunder (the “Rules”).  You have asked us to furnish our opinion as to the legality of the securities being registered under the

 



 

Registration Statement.  The Registration Statement relates to the registration under the Act of up to              shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, par value $0.00001 per share (the “Common Stock”), that may be offered by the Company (including shares that may be sold by the Company upon exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option) (the “Shares”).

 

In connection with the furnishing of this opinion, we have examined originals, or copies certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction, of the following documents (collectively, the “Documents”):

 

1.     the Registration Statement;

 

2.     the form of the Underwriting Agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”), included as Exhibit 1.1 to the Registration Statement;

 

3.     the form of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, included as Exhibit 3.1 to the Registration Statement; and

 

4.     the form of the Amended and Restated By-laws of the Company, included as Exhibit 3.2 to the Registration Statement.

 

In addition, we have examined (i) such corporate records of the Company that we have considered appropriate, including a copy of the certificate of incorporation, as amended, and by-laws, as amended, of the Company, certified by the Company as in effect on the date of this letter, and copies of resolutions of the board of directors of the Company relating to the issuance of the Shares, certified by the Company, and (ii) such other certificates, agreements and documents that we deemed relevant and necessary as a basis for the opinions expressed below.  We have also relied upon the factual matters contained in the representations and warranties of the Company made in the Documents and upon certificates of public officials and the officers of the Company.

 

2



 

In our examination of the documents referred to above, we have assumed, without independent investigation, the genuineness of all signatures, the legal capacity of all individuals who have executed any of the documents reviewed by us, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals, the conformity to the originals of all documents submitted to us as certified, photostatic, reproduced or conformed copies of valid existing agreements or other documents, the authenticity of all the latter documents and that the statements regarding matters of fact in the certificates, records, agreements, instruments and documents that we have examined are accurate and complete.

 

Based upon the above, and subject to the stated assumptions, exceptions and qualifications, we are of the opinion that the Shares have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action on the part of the Company and, when issued, delivered and paid for as contemplated in the Registration Statement and in accordance with the terms of the Underwriting Agreement, the Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.

 

The opinion expressed above is limited to the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.  Our opinion is rendered only with respect to the laws, and the rules, regulations and orders under those laws, that are currently in effect.

 

We hereby consent to use of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the use of our name under the heading “Legal Matters” contained in the prospectus included in the Registration Statement. In giving this consent, we do not thereby admit that we come within the category of persons whose consent is required by the Act or the Rules.

 

3



 

Very truly yours,

 

 

PAUL, WEISS, RIFKIND, WHARTON & GARRISON LLP

 

4




Exhibit 10.1

 

EXECUTION VERSION

 

 

 

SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED CREDIT AGREEMENT

 

dated as of

 

November 8, 2013,

 

among

 

VIRTU FINANCIAL LLC,

as Holdings,

 

VFH PARENT LLC,
as Borrower,

 

The Lenders Party Hereto,

 

and

 

CREDIT SUISSE AG, CAYMAN ISLANDS BRANCH,
as Administrative Agent

 


 

CREDIT SUISSE SECURITIES (USA) LLC,
Sole Lead Arranger and Bookrunner

 

 

 



 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 


 

 

PAGE

ARTICLE 1

 

DEFINITIONS

 

 

 

Section 1.01. Defined Terms

1

Section 1.02. Classification of Loans and Borrowings

52

Section 1.03. Terms Generally

52

Section 1.04. Accounting Terms; GAAP

53

Section 1.05. Effectuation of Transactions

53

Section 1.06. Currency Translation

53

 

 

ARTICLE 2

 

THE CREDITS

 

 

 

Section 2.01. Commitments

54

Section 2.02. Loans and Borrowings

54

Section 2.03. Requests for Borrowings

55

Section 2.04. Funding of Borrowings

55

Section 2.05. Interest Elections

56

Section 2.06. Termination and Reduction of Commitments

58

Section 2.07. Repayment of Loans; Evidence of Debt

58

Section 2.08. Amortization of Term Loans

59

Section 2.09. Prepayment of Loans

59

Section 2.10. Fees

71

Section 2.11. Interest

71

Section 2.12. Alternate Rate of Interest

72

Section 2.13. Increased Costs

72

Section 2.14. Break Funding Payments

73

Section 2.15. Taxes

74

Section 2.16. Payments Generally; Pro Rata Treatment; Sharing of Setoffs

77

Section 2.17. Mitigation Obligations; Replacement of Lenders

79

Section 2.18. Incremental Credit Extensions

80

Section 2.19. Refinancing Amendments; Maturity Extension

83

Section 2.20. Illegality

85

 

 

ARTICLE 3

 

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES

 

 

 

Section 3.01. Organization; Powers

85

Section 3.02. Authorization; Enforceability

86

 

i



 

Section 3.03. Governmental Approvals; No Conflicts

86

Section 3.04. Financial Condition; No Material Adverse Effect

86

Section 3.05. Properties

87

Section 3.06. Litigation and Environmental Matters

87

Section 3.07. Compliance with Laws and Agreements

87

Section 3.08. Investment Company Status

88

Section 3.09. Taxes

88

Section 3.10. ERISA

88

Section 3.11. Disclosure

89

Section 3.12. Subsidiaries

89

Section 3.13. Intellectual Property; Licenses, Etc

89

Section 3.14. Solvency

89

Section 3.15. Senior Indebtedness

90

Section 3.16. Federal Reserve Regulations

90

Section 3.17. Use of Proceeds

90

Section 3.18. Regulatory Status and Memberships Held

90

 

 

ARTICLE 4

 

CONDITIONS

 

 

 

Section 4.01. Closing Date

90

Section 4.02. Each Credit Event

93

 

 

ARTICLE 5

 

AFFIRMATIVE COVENANTS

 

 

 

Section 5.01. Financial Statements and Other Information

93

Section 5.02. Notices of Material Events

97

Section 5.03. Information Regarding Collateral

98

Section 5.04. Existence; Conduct of Business

98

Section 5.05. Payment of Taxes, Etc

99

Section 5.06. Maintenance of Properties

99

Section 5.07. Insurance

99

Section 5.08. Books and Records; Inspection and Audit Rights; Quarterly Teleconferences

99

Section 5.09. Compliance with Laws

100

Section 5.10. Use of Proceeds

100

Section 5.11. Additional Subsidiaries

100

Section 5.12. Further Assurances

101

Section 5.13. Designation of Subsidiaries

101

Section 5.14. [Reserved]

102

Section 5.15. Maintenance of Ratings

102

Section 5.16. [Reserved]

102

Section 5.17. Regulatory Matters

102

 

ii



 

ARTICLE 6

 

NEGATIVE COVENANTS

 

 

 

Section 6.01. Indebtedness; Certain Equity Securities

103

Section 6.02. Liens

109

Section 6.03. Fundamental Changes

112

Section 6.04. Investments, Loans, Advances, Guarantees and Acquisitions

115

Section 6.05. Asset Sales

118

Section 6.06. Sale and Leaseback Transactions

120

Section 6.07. Swap Agreements

120

Section 6.08. Restricted Payments; Certain Payments of Indebtedness

121

Section 6.09. Transactions with Affiliates

125

Section 6.10. Restrictive Agreements

126

Section 6.11. Amendment of Junior Financing

126

Section 6.12. Interest Coverage Ratio

127

Section 6.13. Total Net Leverage Ratio

127

Section 6.14. Equity Interests

127

Section 6.15. Changes in Fiscal Periods

128

 

 

ARTICLE 7

 

EVENTS OF DEFAULT

 

 

 

Section 7.01. Events of Default

128

Section 7.02. Right to Cure

131

 

 

ARTICLE 8

 

ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT AND COLLATERAL AGENT

 

 

 

ARTICLE 9

 

MISCELLANEOUS

 

 

 

Section 9.01. Notices

137

Section 9.02. Waivers; Amendments

139

Section 9.03. Expenses; Indemnity; Damage Waiver

142

Section 9.04. Successors and Assigns

144

Section 9.05. Survival

149

Section 9.06. Counterparts; Integration; Effectiveness

149

Section 9.07. Severability

150

Section 9.08. Right of Setoff

150

Section 9.09. Governing Law; Jurisdiction; Consent to Service of Process

150

Section 9.10. Waiver of Jury Trial

151

Section 9.11. Headings

151

Section 9.12. Confidentiality

151

Section 9.13. USA Patriot Act

153

Section 9.14. Release of Liens and Guarantees

153

 

iii



 

Section 9.15. No Advisory or Fiduciary Responsibility

154

Section 9.16. Interest Rate Limitation

154

Section 9.17. Lender Action

155

Section 9.18. Marshalling; Payments Set Aside

155

Section 9.19. Margin Stock; Collateral

155

 

SCHEDULES:

 

 

 

 

 

Schedule 1.01

Disqualified Lenders

Schedule 2.01

Commitments

Schedule 3.12

Subsidiaries

Schedule 3.18

Regulatory Status and Memberships Held

Schedule 6.01

Existing Indebtedness

Schedule 6.02

Existing Liens

Schedule 6.04(e)

Existing Investments

Schedule 6.05

Dispositions

Schedule 6.09

Existing Affiliate Transactions

Schedule 6.10

Existing Restrictions

Schedule 9.01

Notices

 

 

 

EXHIBITS:

 

 

 

 

 

Exhibit A

Form of Assignment and Assumption

Exhibit B

Form of Reaffirmation Agreement

Exhibit C

Form of Perfection Certificate

Exhibit D

[Reserved]

Exhibit E

Form of Opinion of Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP

Exhibit F-1

Form of First Lien Intercreditor Agreement

Exhibit F-2

Form of Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement

Exhibit G

Form of Closing Certificate

Exhibit H

Form of Intercompany Note

Exhibit I

Form of Specified Discount Prepayment Notice

Exhibit J

Form of Specified Discount Prepayment Response

Exhibit K

Form of Discount Range Prepayment Notice

Exhibit L

Form of Discount Range Prepayment Offer

Exhibit M

Form of Solicited Discounted Prepayment Notice

Exhibit N

Form of Solicited Discounted Prepayment Offer

Exhibit O

Form of Acceptance and Prepayment Notice

Exhibit P-1

Form of Tax Status Certificate 1

Exhibit P-2

Form of Tax Status Certificate 2

Exhibit P-3

Form of Tax Status Certificate 3

Exhibit P-4

Form of Tax Status Certificate 4

Exhibit Q

Form of Solvency Certificate

Exhibit R

Form of Compliance Certificate

 

iv


 

SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED CREDIT AGREEMENT dated as of November 8, 2013 (this “Agreement”), among VIRTU FINANCIAL LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Initial Holdings”), VFH PARENT LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Borrower”), the LENDERS party hereto, and CREDIT SUISSE AG, CAYMAN ISLANDS BRANCH, as administrative agent and collateral agent (in such capacity, including any successor thereto, the “Administrative Agent”) for the Lenders. This Agreement amends and restates the Existing Credit Agreement (as defined below) in its entirety.

 

The parties hereto agree as follows:

 

ARTICLE 1
DEFINITIONS

 

Section 1.01.  Defined Terms.  As used in this Agreement, the following terms have the meanings specified below:

 

2013 Third Quarter Financial Statements Delivery Date” means the date on which the Borrower shall have delivered to the Administrative Agent the financial statements required by Section 5.01(b) with respect to the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2013.

 

ABR” when used in reference to any Loan or Borrowing, refers to whether such Loan, or the Loans comprising such Borrowing, are bearing interest at a rate determined by reference to the Alternate Base Rate.

 

Acceptable Discount” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.09(a)(ii)(D).

 

Acceptable Prepayment Amount” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.09(a)(ii)(D).

 

Acceptance and Prepayment Notice” means an irrevocable written notice from the Borrower accepting a Solicited Discounted Prepayment Offer to make a Discounted Term Loan Prepayment at the Acceptable Discount specified therein pursuant to Section 2.09(a)(ii)(D) substantially in the form of Exhibit O.

 

Acceptance Date” has the meaning specified in Section 2.09(a)(ii)(D).

 

Acquired EBITDA” means, with respect to any Acquired Entity or Business or any Converted Restricted Subsidiary (any of the foregoing, a “Pro Forma Entity”) for any period, the amount for such period of Consolidated EBITDA of such Pro Forma Entity (determined as if references to the Borrower and the Restricted Subsidiaries in the definition of the term “Consolidated EBITDA” were references to such Pro Forma Entity and its subsidiaries which will become Restricted Subsidiaries), all as determined on a consolidated basis for such Pro Forma Entity.

 



 

Acquired Entity or Business” has the meaning set forth in the definition of the term “Consolidated EBITDA”.

 

Additional Lender” means any Additional Revolving Lender or any Additional Term Lender, as applicable.

 

Additional Notes” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 6.01(a)(xxii).

 

Additional Revolving Lender” means, at any time, any bank or other financial institution that agrees to provide any portion of any Incremental Revolving Facility pursuant to an Incremental Revolving Facility Amendment in accordance with Section 2.18; provided that each Additional Revolving Lender (other than any Person that is a Lender, an Affiliate of a Lender or an Approved Fund of a Lender at such time) shall be subject to the approval of the Administrative Agent (such approval not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed) and the Borrower.

 

Additional Term Lender” means, at any time, any bank or other financial institution that agrees to provide any portion of any (a) Incremental Term Facility pursuant to an Incremental Term Facility Amendment in accordance with Section 2.18 or (b) Credit Agreement Refinancing Indebtedness pursuant to a Refinancing Amendment in accordance with Section 2.19; provided that each Additional Term Lender (other than any Person that is a Lender, an Affiliate of a Lender or an Approved Fund of a Lender at such time) shall be subject to the approval of the Administrative Agent (such approval not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed) and the Borrower.

 

Adjusted LIBO Rate” means, with respect to any Eurodollar Borrowing for any Interest Period, an interest rate per annum equal to (i) the LIBO Rate for such Interest Period multiplied by (ii) the Statutory Reserve Rate.

 

Administrative Agent” shall have the meaning assigned to such term in the introductory statement to this Agreement.

 

Administrative Questionnaire” means an administrative questionnaire in a form supplied by the Administrative Agent.

 

Affiliate” means, with respect to a specified Person, another Person that directly or indirectly Controls or is Controlled by or is under common Control with the Person specified.

 

Affiliated Debt Funds” means Silver Lake Credit Fund, L.P. and any other successor or similar debt investment fund managed by Silver Lake Financial Management Company, L.L.C. or any other Affiliated Lender that is primarily engaged in, or advises funds or other investment vehicles that are engaged in, making, purchasing, holding or otherwise investing in commercial loans, bonds and similar extensions of credit or securities in the ordinary course and with respect to which the Sponsor does not, directly or indirectly, possess the power to direct or cause the direction of the investment policies of such entity.

 

2



 

Affiliated Lender” means, at any time, any Lender that is the Sponsor or an Affiliate of the Sponsor (other than Holdings, the Borrower or any of their respective subsidiaries, any VV Holder, any Affiliate of Vincent Viola (including any trust established for the benefit of his spouse or children) or any natural person) at such time.

 

Agent Parties” has the meaning given to such term in Section 9.01(c).

 

Agreement” has the meaning given to such term in the preliminary statements hereto.

 

Alternate Base Rate” means, for any day, a rate per annum equal to the greatest of (a) the Prime Rate in effect on such day, (b) the Federal Funds Effective Rate in effect on such day plus 1/2 of 1% and (c) the Adjusted LIBO Rate on such day (or if such day is not a Business Day, the immediately preceding Business Day) for a Eurodollar Borrowing with an Interest Period of one month plus 1%; provided that, for the avoidance of doubt, the Adjusted LIBO Rate for any day shall be based on the rate determined on such day at approximately 11 a.m. (London time) by reference to the British Bankers’ Association Interest Settlement Rates (or by reference to any successor or substitute entity or other quotation service providing comparable quotations to such British Bankers’ Association Interest Settlement Rates) for deposits in dollars (as set forth by any service selected by the Administrative Agent that has been nominated by the British Bankers’ Association (or any successor or substitute agency) as an authorized vendor for the purpose of displaying such rates). If for any reason the Administrative Agent shall have determined (which determination shall be conclusive absent manifest error) that it is unable to ascertain the Federal Funds Effective Rate for any reason, including the inability or failure of the Administrative Agent to obtain sufficient quotations in accordance with the terms of the definition thereof, the Alternate Base Rate shall be determined without regard to clause (b) above until the circumstances giving rise to such inability no longer exist.  Any change in the Alternate Base Rate due to a change in the Prime Rate, the Federal Funds Effective Rate or the Adjusted LIBO Rate shall be effective on the effective date of such change in the Prime Rate or the Federal Funds Effective Rate or the Adjusted LIBO Rate, as the case may be. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Alternate Base Rate will be deemed to be 2.25% per annum if the Alternate Base Rate calculated pursuant to the foregoing provisions would otherwise be less than 2.25% per annum.

 

Applicable Account” means, with respect to any payment to be made to the Administrative Agent hereunder, the account specified by the Administrative Agent from time to time for the purpose of receiving payments of such type.

 

Applicable Discount” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.09(a)(ii)(C).

 

Applicable Rate” means, for any day, (a) initially, (i) 3.50% per annum, in the case of an ABR Loan or (ii) 4.50% per annum, in the case of a Eurodollar Loan and (b) on and after the later of (x) February 5, 2014 and (y) the date on which a Qualifying IPO occurs and the Borrower delivers notice thereof to the Administrative Agent, (i) 3.00% per annum, in the case of an ABR Loan or (ii) 4.00% per annum, in the case of a Eurodollar Loan.

 

3



 

Approved Bank” has the meaning assigned to such term in the definition of the term “Permitted Investments.”

 

Approved Fund” means any Person (other than a natural person) that is (or will be) engaged in making, purchasing, holding or investing in commercial loans and similar extensions of credit in the ordinary course of its activities and that is administered or managed by (a) a Lender, (b) an Affiliate of a Lender or (c) an entity or an Affiliate of an entity that administers or manages a Lender.

 

Assignment and Assumption” means an assignment and assumption entered into by a Lender and an Eligible Assignee (with the consent of any Person whose consent is required by Section 9.04), substantially in the form of Exhibit A or any other form reasonably approved by the Administrative Agent.

 

Assumed Tax Rate” means the greater of (i) 45% and (ii) the maximum marginal combined federal, state and local income tax rate applicable at such time to a natural person residing in New York City, New York.

 

Auction Agent” means (a) the Administrative Agent or (b) any other financial institution or advisor employed by the Borrower (whether or not an Affiliate of the Administrative Agent) to act as an arranger in connection with any Discounted Term Loan Prepayment pursuant to Section 2.09(a)(ii); provided that the Borrower shall not designate the Administrative Agent as the Auction Agent without the written consent of the Administrative Agent (it being understood that the Administrative Agent shall be under no obligation to agree to act as the Auction Agent).

 

Audited Financial Statements” means the audited consolidated balance sheet of the Borrower for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012 and the related consolidated statements of income, changes in equity and cash flows of the Borrower, including the notes thereto.

 

Bankruptcy Code” means Title 11 of the United State Code, as amended, or any similar federal or state law for the relief of debtors.

 

Board of Directors” means, with respect to any Person, (a) in the case of any corporation, the board of directors of such Person or any committee thereof duly authorized to act on behalf of such board, (b) in the case of any limited liability company, the board of managers of such Person, (c) in the case of any partnership, the board of directors or board of managers of the general partner of such Person and (d) in any other case, the functional equivalent of the foregoing.

 

Board of Governors” means the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System of the United States of America.

 

Borrower” has the meaning assigned to such term in the preamble.

 

Borrower Materials” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 5.01.

 

4



 

Borrower Offer of Specified Discount Prepayment” means the offer by the Borrower to make a voluntary prepayment of Term Loans at a specified discount to par pursuant to Section 2.09(a)(ii)(B).

 

Borrower Solicitation of Discount Range Prepayment Offers” means the solicitation by the Borrower of offers for, and the corresponding acceptance by a Term Lender of, a voluntary prepayment of Term Loans at a specified range at a discount to par pursuant to Section 2.09(a)(ii)(C).

 

Borrower Solicitation of Discounted Prepayment Offers” means the solicitation by the Borrower of offers for, and the subsequent acceptance, if any, by a Term Lender of, a voluntary prepayment of Term Loans at a discount to par pursuant to Section 2.09(a)(ii)(D).

 

Borrowing” means Loans of the same Class and Type, made, converted or continued on the same date and, in the case of Eurodollar Loans, as to which a single Interest Period is in effect.

 

Borrowing Request” means a request by the Borrower for a Borrowing in accordance with Section 2.03.

 

Broker-Dealer Subsidiary” means any Restricted Subsidiary that is registered as (a) a broker or a dealer pursuant to Section 15 of the Exchange Act or (b) a broker or a dealer or an underwriter under any foreign securities law.

 

Business Day” means any day other than a Saturday, Sunday or day on which banks in New York City are authorized or required by law to close; provided, however, that when used in connection with a Eurodollar Loan or an ABR Loan based on the LIBO Rate, the term “Business Day” shall also exclude any day on which banks are not open for dealings in dollar deposits in the London interbank market.

 

Capital Lease Obligations” of any Person means the obligations of such Person to pay rent or other amounts under any lease of (or other arrangement conveying the right to use) real or personal property, or a combination thereof, which obligations are required to be classified and accounted for as capital leases on a balance sheet of such Person under GAAP, and the amount of such obligations shall be the capitalized amount thereof determined in accordance with GAAP.  For purposes of Section 6.02, a Capital Lease Obligation shall be deemed to be secured by a Lien on the property being leased and such property shall be deemed to be owned by the lessee.

 

Capitalized Leases” means all leases that have been or should be, in accordance with GAAP, recorded as capitalized leases; provided that for all purposes hereunder the amount of obligations under any Capitalized Lease shall be the amount thereof accounted for as a liability in accordance with GAAP.

 

Capitalized Software Expenditures”  means, for any period, the aggregate of all expenditures (whether paid in cash or accrued as liabilities) by the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries during such period in respect of purchased software or internally developed software and software enhancements that, in conformity with GAAP, are or

 

5



 

are required to be reflected as capitalized costs on the consolidated balance sheet of the Borrower and the Restricted Subsidiaries.

 

Cash Management Obligations” means obligations of Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary in respect of any overdraft and related liabilities arising from treasury, depository and cash management services or any automated clearing house transfers of funds.

 

Casualty Event” means any event that gives rise to the receipt by Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower or any Subsidiary of any insurance proceeds or condemnation awards in respect of any equipment, fixed assets or real property (including any improvements thereon) to replace or repair such equipment, fixed assets or real property.

 

Change in Control” means (a) the failure of Holdings, directly or indirectly through wholly owned subsidiaries, to own all of the Equity Interests of the Borrower, (b) prior to an IPO, except as a result of or in connection with the IPO Reorganization Transactions that are consummated during the Pre-IPO Period, the failure by the VV Holders to own, directly or indirectly (including indirectly through any Person organized and intended to be the IPO Entity), beneficially and of record, Equity Interests representing a majority of the Available Cash Flow Percentage (as defined in the Holdings LLC Agreement) attributable to all issued and outstanding Equity Interests of Holdings, (c) after an IPO (x) the acquisition of ownership, directly or indirectly, beneficially or of record, by any Person or group (within the meaning of the Exchange Act and the rules of the SEC thereunder as in effect on the date hereof), other than the Permitted Holders, of Equity Interests representing 40% or more of the aggregate ordinary voting power represented by the issued and outstanding Equity Interests in the IPO Entity and the percentage of the aggregate ordinary voting power so held is greater than the percentage of the aggregate ordinary voting power represented by the Equity Interests in the IPO Entity held by the Permitted Holders or (y) if the IPO Entity is neither Holdings nor an Intermediate Parent, the failure of the IPO Entity to hold, directly or indirectly through wholly-owned subsidiaries, all of the voting power over Holdings, (d) the occupation of a majority of the seats (other than vacant seats) on the Board of Directors of Holdings or, after the consummation of the IPO Reorganization Transactions, the IPO Entity, by Persons who were neither (i) nominated, designated or approved by the Board of Directors of Holdings or, after the consummation of the IPO Reorganization Transactions, the IPO Entity, or the Permitted Holders nor (ii) appointed by directors so nominated, designated or approved or (e) the occurrence of a “Change of Control” (or similar event, however denominated), as defined in the documentation governing any Material Indebtedness that is Permitted First Priority Refinancing Debt, Permitted Junior Lien Refinancing Debt, Permitted Unsecured Refinancing Debt, Additional Notes or Junior Financing.

 

Change in Law” means: (a) the adoption of any rule, regulation, treaty or other law after the date of this Agreement, (b) any change in any rule, regulation, treaty or other law or in the administration, interpretation or application thereof by any Governmental Authority or Regulatory Supervising Organization after the date of this Agreement or (c) the making or issuance of  any request, guideline or directive (whether

 

6



 

or not having the force of law) of any Governmental Authority or Regulatory Supervising Organization made or issued after the date of this Agreement.

 

Class” when used in reference to (a) any Loan or Borrowing, refers to whether such Loan, or the Loans comprising such Borrowing, are Term Loans, Other Term Loans, Incremental Term Loans or loans under an Incremental Revolving Facility, (b) any Commitment, refers to whether such Commitment is a Term Commitment, Other Term Commitment, Incremental Term Commitment or commitment in respect of an Incremental Revolving Facility and (c) any Lender, refers to whether such Lender has a Loan or Commitment with respect to a particular Class of Loans or Commitments.  Other Term Commitments, Incremental Term Commitments, commitment in respect of an Incremental Revolving Facility, Other Term Loans, Incremental Term Loans, loans under an Incremental Revolving Facility and Incremental Term Facilities that have different terms and conditions shall be construed to be in different Classes.

 

Closing Date” means the date on which the conditions specified in Section 4.01 and Section 4.02 are satisfied (or waived in accordance with Section 9.02).

 

Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time.

 

Collateral” means any and all assets, whether real or personal, tangible or intangible, on which Liens are purported to be granted pursuant to the Security Documents as security for the Secured Obligations.

 

Collateral Agreement” means the Collateral Agreement dated as of July 8, 2011 among the Borrower, each other Loan Party and the Administrative Agent.

 

Collateral and Guarantee Requirement” means, at any time, the requirement that:

 

(a)           the Administrative Agent shall have received from (i) Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower and each of its Restricted Subsidiaries (other than any Foreign Subsidiary, any Regulated Subsidiary, any Excluded Subsidiary or any Excluded Domestic Subsidiary) either (x) a counterpart of the Guarantee Agreement duly executed and delivered on behalf of such Person or (y) in the case of any Person that becomes a Loan Party after the Closing Date (including by ceasing to be an Excluded Subsidiary, an Immaterial Subsidiary, a Foreign Subsidiary, a Regulated Subsidiary or an Excluded Domestic Subsidiary), a supplement to the Guarantee Agreement, in the form specified therein, duly executed and delivered on behalf of such Person and (ii) Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower and each Subsidiary Loan Party either (x) a counterpart of the Collateral Agreement duly executed and delivered on behalf of such Person or (y) in the case of any Person that becomes a Loan Party after the Closing Date (including by ceasing to be an Excluded Subsidiary, an Immaterial Subsidiary, a Foreign Subsidiary, a Regulated Subsidiary or an Excluded Domestic Subsidiary), a supplement to the Collateral Agreement, in the form specified therein, duly executed and delivered on behalf of such Person, in each case under this clause (a) together with, in the case of any such Loan Documents executed and delivered after the Closing Date, documents and opinions of the type referred to in Sections 4.01(b) and 4.01(c));

 

7



 

(b)           all outstanding Equity Interests of any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower and each Restricted Subsidiary (other than any Equity Interests in any IPO Shell Company or otherwise constituting Excluded Assets) owned by or on behalf of any Loan Party, shall have been pledged pursuant to the Collateral Agreement, and the Administrative Agent shall have received certificates or other instruments representing all such Equity Interests (if any), together with undated stock powers or other instruments of transfer with respect thereto endorsed in blank; provided, that with respect to the Equity Interests of any Regulated Subsidiary, such instruments shall be subject to customary enforcement limitations, including regulatory approvals at the time of enforcement;

 

(c)           if any Indebtedness for borrowed money (including in respect of cash management arrangements) of Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower or any Subsidiary in a principal amount of $5,000,000 or more is owing by such obligor to any Loan Party, such Indebtedness shall be evidenced by a promissory note that shall have been pledged pursuant to the Collateral Agreement, and the Administrative Agent shall have received all such promissory notes, together with undated instruments of transfer with respect thereto endorsed in blank;

 

(d)           all certificates, agreements, documents and instruments, including Uniform Commercial Code financing statements, required by the Security Documents, Requirements of Law and reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent to be filed, delivered, registered or recorded to create the Liens intended to be created by the Security Documents and perfect such Liens to the extent required by, and with the priority required by, the Security Documents and the other provisions of the term “Collateral and Guarantee Requirement,” shall have been filed, registered or recorded or delivered to the Administrative Agent for filing, registration or recording; and

 

(e)           the Administrative Agent shall have received (i) counterparts of a Mortgage with respect to each Mortgaged Property duly executed and delivered by the record owner of such Mortgaged Property, (ii) a policy or policies of title insurance issued by a nationally recognized title insurance company insuring the Lien of each such Mortgage as a first priority Lien on the Mortgaged Property described therein, free of any other Liens except as expressly permitted by Section 6.02, together with such endorsements, coinsurance and reinsurance as the Administrative Agent may reasonably request, (iii) if any Mortgaged Property is located in an area determined by the Federal Emergency Management Agency to have special flood hazards, evidence of such flood insurance as may be required under applicable law, including Regulation H of the Board of Governors and (iv) such legal opinions as the Administrative Agent may reasonably request with respect to any such Mortgage or Mortgaged Property.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this definition or anything in this Agreement or any other Loan Document to the contrary, (a) the foregoing provisions of this definition shall not require the creation or perfection of pledges of or security interests in, or the obtaining of title insurance, legal opinions or other deliverables with respect to, particular assets of the Loan Parties, or the provision of Guarantees by any Subsidiary, if, and for so long as the Administrative Agent and the Borrower reasonably agree in writing that the cost of creating or perfecting such pledges or security interests in such assets, or obtaining such title insurance, legal opinions or other deliverables in respect of such assets, or providing such Guarantees (taking into account any adverse tax consequences

 

8



 

to Holdings and its Affiliates (including the imposition of withholding or other material taxes)), shall be excessive in view of the benefits to be obtained by the Lenders therefrom, (b) Liens required to be granted from time to time pursuant to the term “Collateral and Guarantee Requirement” shall be subject to exceptions and limitations set forth in the Security Documents as in effect on the Closing Date, (c) in no event shall control agreements or other control or similar arrangements be required with respect to deposit accounts, securities accounts, commodities accounts, letter of credit rights or other assets requiring perfection by control (but not, for the avoidance of doubt, possession), (d) in no event shall any Loan Party be required to complete any filings or other action with respect to the perfection or creation of security interests in any jurisdiction outside of the United States (or otherwise enter into any security agreements, mortgages or pledge agreements governed by the laws of any jurisdiction outside of the United States), (e) in no event shall the Collateral include any Excluded Assets and (f) in no event shall landlord lien waivers, estoppels and collateral access letters be required.  The Administrative Agent may grant extensions of time for the creation and perfection of security interests in or the obtaining of title insurance, legal opinions or other deliverables with respect to particular assets or the provision of any Guarantee by any Subsidiary (including extensions beyond the Closing Date or in connection with assets acquired, or Subsidiaries formed or acquired, after the Closing Date) where it determines that such action cannot be accomplished without undue effort or expense by the time or times at which it would otherwise be required to be accomplished by this Agreement or the Security Documents.

 

Commitment” means, with respect to any Lender, its Term Commitment, Other Term Commitment or commitment in respect of any Incremental Term Facility or Incremental Revolving Facility, in each case of any Class, or any combination thereof (as the context requires).

 

Company Income Amount” means, for a Tax Estimation Period, an amount, if positive, equal to the estimated net taxable income of Holdings for such Tax Estimation Period.  For purposes of calculating the Company Income Amount, items of income, gain, loss and deduction resulting from adjustments to the tax basis of Holdings’ assets pursuant to Code Section 743(b) and adjustments pursuant to Code Section 704(c) shall not be taken into account.

 

Competitor” means any Person (a) engaged in trading financial assets through the use of an electronically automated trading system that generates order sets (which, for purposes of clarity, can consist of a single order) with the intention of (i) creating profit by providing two-sided liquidity to the market, (ii) making a profit margin consistent with the business of making the bid-offer spread or less per unit of the financial asset(s) being traded (including by providing either one-sided or two sided liquidity to the market) or (iii) creating simultaneous (within 500 milliseconds) order sets that are generated with the intention of locking in an arbitrage profit and (b) identified as a “Potential Competitor” on Part B of Schedule 1.01; provided, that any such Person shall be deemed not to be a Competitor if the Term Loans or commitments in respect thereof will be held by or booked to any division or other identifiable unit or desk of such Person that, in the ordinary course of its business, holds commitments or extends credit of the type contemplated by this Agreement.

 

9


 

Compliance Certificate” means a certificate in the form of Exhibit R required to be delivered pursuant to Section 5.01(d).

 

Consolidated EBITDA” means, for any period, the Consolidated Net Income for such period, plus:

 

(a)           without duplication and to the extent already deducted (and not added back or excluded) in arriving at such Consolidated Net Income, the sum of the following amounts for such period:

 

(i)            total interest expense and, to the extent not reflected in such total interest expense, any losses on hedging obligations or other derivative instruments entered into for the purpose of hedging interest rate risk (other than in the ordinary course of the trading business of the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries), net of interest income and gains on such hedging obligations or such derivative instruments, and bank and letter of credit fees and costs of surety bonds in connection with financing activities;

 

(ii)           without duplication among periods, provision for taxes based on income, profits or capital, including federal, foreign, state, franchise, excise and similar taxes paid or accrued during such period (including in respect of repatriated funds);

 

(iii)          depreciation and amortization (including amortization of Capitalized Software Expenditures and amortization of deferred financing fees or costs);

 

(iv)          Non-Cash Charges;

 

(v)           extraordinary losses in accordance with GAAP;

 

(vi)          non-recurring charges (including any unusual or non-recurring operating expenses directly attributable to the implementation of cost savings initiatives), severance, relocation costs, integration and facilities’ opening costs, signing costs, retention or completion bonuses (other than bonuses paid in the ordinary course of business of the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries), transition costs, costs related to closure/consolidation of facilities and curtailments or modifications to pension and post-retirement employee benefit plans (including any settlement of pension liabilities);

 

(vii)         restructuring charges, accruals or reserves (including restructuring costs related to acquisitions after the Closing Date and adjustments to existing reserves); provided that the aggregate amount included in Consolidated EBITDA pursuant to this clause (vii) for any Test Period shall not exceed 10% of Consolidated EBITDA for such Test Period (calculated prior to giving effect to any adjustment pursuant to this clause (vii));

 

(viii)        the amount of any minority interest expense consisting of subsidiary income attributable to minority equity interests of third parties in any

 

10



 

Non-Wholly Owned Subsidiary deducted (and not added back in such period to Consolidated Net Income);

 

(ix)          the amount of expenses relating to payments made to option holders of  Holdings or any of its direct or indirect parent companies in connection with, or as a result of, any distribution being made to shareholders of such Person or its direct or indirect parent companies, which payments are being made to compensate such option holders as though they were shareholders at the time of, and entitled to share in, such distribution, in each case to the extent permitted by the Loan Documents;

 

(x)           losses on asset sales, disposals or abandonments (other than asset sales, disposals or abandonments in the ordinary course of business);

 

(xi)          the amount of any net losses from discontinued operations in accordance with GAAP;

 

(xii)         any non-cash loss attributable to the mark to market movement in the valuation of hedging obligations or other derivative instruments (to the extent the cash impact resulting from such loss has not been realized) (other than those entered into in the ordinary course of the trading business of the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries) pursuant to Financial Accounting Standards Accounting Standards Codification No. 815—Derivatives and Hedging;

 

(xiii)        any loss relating to amounts paid in cash prior to the stated settlement date of any hedging obligation (other than any hedging obligation entered into in the ordinary course of the trading business of the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries) that has been reflected in Consolidated Net Income for such period; and

 

(xiv)        any gain relating to hedging obligations (other than any hedging obligations entered into in the ordinary course of the trading business of the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries) associated with transactions realized in the current period that has been reflected in Consolidated Net Income in prior periods and excluded from Consolidated EBITDA pursuant to clauses (b)(v) and (b)(vi) below;

 

less

 

(b)           without duplication and to the extent included in arriving at such Consolidated Net Income, the sum of the following amounts for such period:

 

(i)            extraordinary gains and unusual or non-recurring gains;

 

(ii)           non-cash gains (excluding any non-cash gain to the extent it represents the reversal of an accrual or reserve for a potential cash item that reduced Consolidated Net Income or Consolidated EBITDA in any prior period);

 

11



 

(iii)          gains on asset sales, disposals or abandonments (other than asset sales, disposals or abandonments in the ordinary course of business);

 

(iv)          the amount of any net income from discontinued operations in accordance with GAAP;

 

(v)           any non-cash gain attributable to the mark to market movement in the valuation of hedging obligations or other derivative instruments (to the extent the cash impact resulting from such gain has not been realized) (other than any hedging obligations or other derivative instruments entered into in the ordinary course of the trading business of the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries) pursuant to Financial Accounting Standards Accounting Standards Codification No. 815-Derivatives and Hedging;

 

(vi)          any gain relating to amounts received in cash prior to the stated settlement date of any hedging obligation (other than any hedging obligation entered into in the ordinary course of the trading business of the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries) that has been reflected in Consolidated Net Income for such period;

 

(vii)         any loss relating to hedging obligations (other than any hedging obligations entered into in the ordinary course of the trading business of the Borrower and its subsidiaries) associated with transactions realized in the current period that has been reflected in Consolidated Net Income in prior periods and excluded from Consolidated EBITDA pursuant to clauses (a)(xiii) and (a)(xiv) above; and

 

(viii) the amount of any minority interest income consisting of subsidiary loss attributable to minority equity interests of third parties in any Non-Wholly Owned Subsidiary added (and not deducted in such period in calculating Consolidated Net Income);

 

in each case, as determined on a consolidated basis for the Borrower and the Restricted Subsidiaries in accordance with GAAP; provided that,

 

(I)            to the extent included in Consolidated Net Income, there shall be excluded in determining Consolidated EBITDA currency translation gains and losses related to currency remeasurements of Indebtedness (including the net loss or gain resulting from hedging agreements for currency exchange risk and revaluations of intercompany balances), other than any gains or losses related to foreign currency trading and hedging in the ordinary course of the trading business of the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries,

 

(II)          to the extent included in Consolidated Net Income, there shall be excluded in determining Consolidated EBITDA for any period any adjustments resulting from the application of Financial Accounting Standards Accounting Standards Codification No. 815-Derivatives and Hedging (other than with respect to any hedging obligations entered into in the ordinary course of the trading business of the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries),

 

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(III)        to the extent not included in Consolidated Net Income, there shall be included in determining Consolidated EBITDA for any period, without duplication, (A) the Acquired EBITDA of any Person, property, business or asset acquired by the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary during such period (other than any Unrestricted Subsidiary) to the extent not subsequently sold, transferred or otherwise disposed of (but not including the Acquired EBITDA of any related Person, property, business or assets to the extent not so acquired) (each such Person, property, business or asset acquired, including pursuant to a transaction consummated prior to the Closing Date, and not subsequently so disposed of, an “Acquired Entity or Business”), and the Acquired EBITDA of any Unrestricted Subsidiary that is converted into a Restricted Subsidiary during such period (each, a “Converted Restricted Subsidiary”), in each case based on the Acquired EBITDA of such Pro Forma Entity for such period (including the portion thereof occurring prior to such acquisition or conversion) determined on a historical Pro Forma Basis and (B) an adjustment in respect of each Pro Forma Entity equal to the amount of the Pro Forma Adjustment with respect to such Pro Forma Entity for such period (including the portion thereof occurring prior to such acquisition or conversion) as specified in a certificate from a Financial Officer delivered to the Administrative Agent (for further delivery to the Lenders); and

 

(IV)         there shall be (A) to the extent included in Consolidated Net Income, excluded in determining Consolidated EBITDA for any period the Disposed EBITDA of any Person, property, business or asset (other than any Unrestricted Subsidiary) sold, transferred or otherwise disposed of, closed or classified as discontinued operations by the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary during such period (each such Person, property, business or asset so sold, transferred or otherwise disposed of, closed or classified, a “Sold Entity or Business”), and the Disposed EBITDA of any Restricted Subsidiary that is converted into an Unrestricted Subsidiary during such period (each, a “Converted Unrestricted Subsidiary”), in each case based on the Disposed EBITDA of such Sold Entity or Business or Converted Unrestricted Subsidiary for such period (including the portion thereof occurring prior to such sale, transfer, disposition, closure, classification or conversion) determined on a historical pro forma basis and (B) to the extent not included in Consolidated Net Income, included in determining Consolidated EBITDA for any period in which a Sold Entity or Business is disposed or Converted Unrestricted Subsidiary is converted, an adjustment equal to the Pro Forma Disposal Adjustment with respect to such Sold Entity or Business or Converted Unrestricted Subsidiary (including the portion thereof occurring prior to such disposal or conversion) as specified in a certificate from a Financial Officer delivered to the Administrative Agent (for further delivery to the Lenders).

 

Consolidated Interest Expense” means, for any period, the cash interest expense (including that attributable to Capitalized Leases), net of cash interest income (excluding cash interest income relating to any asset or property that secures any Trading Debt), of the Borrower and the Restricted Subsidiaries, determined on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP, with respect to all outstanding Indebtedness of the Borrower and the Restricted Subsidiaries (excluding Trading Debt), including all commissions, discounts and other fees and charges owed with respect to letters of credit

 

13



 

and bankers’ acceptance financing and net costs under hedging agreements, but excluding, for the avoidance of doubt, (i) amortization of deferred financing costs, debt issuance costs, commissions, fees and expenses, pay-in-kind interest expense and any other amounts of non-cash interest (including as a result of the effects of acquisition method accounting), (ii) the accretion or accrual of discounted liabilities during such period, (iii) any interest in respect of items excluded from Indebtedness in the proviso to the definition thereof, (iv) non-cash interest expense attributable to the movement of the mark-to-market valuation of obligations under hedging agreements or other derivative instruments pursuant to Financial Accounting Standards Accounting Standards Codification No. 815-Derivatives and Hedging, (v) any one-time cash costs associated with breakage in respect of hedging agreements for interest rates, and (vi) all non-recurring cash interest expense consisting of liquidated damages for failure to timely comply with registration rights obligations, all as calculated on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP.   For any Test Period ending prior to the first anniversary of the Closing Date, Consolidated Interest Expense shall be deemed to be Consolidated Interest Expense for the period from the Closing Date to and including the date of determination multiplied by a fraction equal to (x) 365 divided by (y) the number of days actually elapsed from the Closing Date to such date of determination.

 

Consolidated Net Income” means, for any period, the net income (loss) of the Borrower and the Restricted Subsidiaries for such period determined on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP, excluding, without duplication, (a) extraordinary items for such period, (b) the cumulative effect of a change in accounting principles during such period to the extent included in Consolidated Net Income, (c) in the case of any period that includes a period ending prior to the date that is one year after the Closing Date, Transaction Costs, (d) any fees and expenses (including any transaction or retention bonus) incurred during such period, or any amortization thereof for such period, in connection with any acquisition, Investment, asset disposition, issuance or repayment of debt, issuance of equity securities, refinancing transaction or amendment or other modification of any debt instrument (in each case, including any such transaction consummated prior to the Closing Date and any such transaction undertaken but not completed) and any charges or non-recurring merger costs incurred during such period as a result of any such transaction, (e) any income (loss) for such period attributable to the early extinguishment of Indebtedness, hedging agreements or other derivative instruments (other than any income (loss) attributable to Trading Debt or hedging agreements or other derivative instruments entered into in the ordinary course of the trading business of the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries), (f) accruals and reserves that are established or adjusted as a result of the Transactions in accordance with GAAP (including any adjustment of estimated payouts on existing earn-outs) or changes as a result of the adoption or modification of accounting policies during such period, (g) non-cash stock-based award compensation expenses, (h) any income (loss) attributable to deferred compensation plans or trusts and (i) any income (loss) from Investments recorded using the equity method.  There shall be excluded from Consolidated Net Income for any period the effects from applying acquisition method accounting, including applying acquisition method accounting to inventory, property and equipment, leases, software and other intangible assets and deferred revenue (including deferred costs related thereto and deferred rent) required or permitted by GAAP and related authoritative pronouncements (including the effects of such adjustments pushed down to the Borrower and the Restricted Subsidiaries), as a result of any acquisition consummated

 

14



 

prior to the Closing Date and any Permitted Acquisition or the amortization or write-off of any amounts thereof.

 

In addition, to the extent not already included in Consolidated Net Income, Consolidated Net Income shall include the amount of proceeds received or due from business interruption insurance or reimbursement of expenses and charges that are covered by indemnification and other reimbursement provisions in connection with any acquisition or other Investment or any disposition of any asset permitted hereunder.

 

Consolidated Total Assets” means, as at any date of determination, the total assets of the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP.

 

Consolidated Total Debt” means, as of any date of determination, the aggregate amount of Indebtedness of the Borrower and the Restricted Subsidiaries outstanding on such date, determined on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP (but excluding the effects of any discounting of Indebtedness resulting from the application of acquisition method accounting in connection with any Permitted Acquisition or other Investment permitted hereunder) consisting only of Indebtedness for borrowed money, unreimbursed obligations under letters of credit, obligations in respect of Capitalized Leases and debt obligations evidenced by promissory notes or similar instruments (and excluding, in any event, all Trading Debt).

 

Consolidated Total Net Debt” means, as of any date of determination (a) the amount of Consolidated Total Debt as of such date, less (b) all cash and Permitted Investments on the balance sheet of the Borrower and the Restricted Subsidiaries to the extent not subject to any Liens (other than Liens permitted under Section 6.02 but excluding any Liens permitted by Section 6.02(iii), Section 6.02(xv) and Section 6.02(xx)) and the use thereof for application to the payment of Indebtedness is not prohibited by law or contract binding on the Borrower or the Restricted Subsidiaries (and excluding, in any event, the amount of regulatory capital required by applicable law to be held at any Regulated Subsidiary).

 

Control” means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies, or the dismissal or appointment of the management, of a Person, whether through the ability to exercise voting power, by contract or otherwise.  “Controlling” and “Controlled” have meanings correlative thereto.

 

Converted Restricted Subsidiary” has the meaning given such term in the definition of “Consolidated EBITDA.”

 

Converted Unrestricted Subsidiary” has the meaning given such term in the definition of “Consolidated EBITDA.”

 

Credit Agreement Refinancing Indebtedness” means (a) Permitted First Priority Refinancing Debt, (b) Permitted Junior Lien Refinancing Debt, (c) Permitted Unsecured Refinancing Debt or (d) Indebtedness incurred pursuant to a Refinancing Amendment, in each case, issued, incurred or otherwise obtained (including by means of

 

15



 

the extension or renewal of existing Indebtedness) in exchange for, or to extend, renew, replace or refinance, in whole or part, existing Term Loans, outstanding loans under any Incremental Revolving Facility or undrawn commitments under any Incremental Revolving Facility (“Refinanced Debt”); provided that (i) such extending, renewing, replacing or refinancing Indebtedness is in an original aggregate principal amount not greater than the sum of the aggregate principal amount of the Refinanced Debt (and, in the case of Refinanced Debt consisting, in whole or in part, of unused commitments under any Incremental Revolving Facility, the amount thereof) plus all accrued and unpaid interest and fees thereon and expenses incurred in connection with such extension, renewal, replacement or refinancing, (ii) such Indebtedness has a maturity that is equal to or later than and a Weighted Average Life to Maturity equal to or greater than the Refinanced Debt, and (iii) such Refinanced Debt shall be repaid, defeased or satisfied and discharged, and all accrued interest, fees and premiums (if any) in connection therewith shall be paid, on the date such Credit Agreement Refinancing Indebtedness is issued, incurred or obtained; provided that to the extent that such Refinanced Debt consists, in whole or in part, of commitments under any Incremental Revolving Facility (or loans incurred pursuant to any Incremental Revolving Facility), such commitments shall be terminated, and all accrued fees in connection therewith shall be paid, on the date such Credit Agreement Refinancing Indebtedness is issued, incurred or obtained.

 

Cumulative Excess Cash Flow” means the sum of (i) Excess Cash Flow (but not less than zero in any period) for the period commencing on July 1, 2013 and ending on September 30, 2013 and Excess Cash Flow for each succeeding completed fiscal quarter plus (ii) the unused amount of Cumulative Excess Cash Flow under the Existing Credit Agreement as of the date immediately preceding the Closing Date; provided that Excess Cash Flow for any period shall not constitute Cumulative Excess Cash Flow until the date that (a) the corresponding Excess Cash Flow prepayment for such period is made pursuant to Section 2.09(c) or (b) if no Excess Cash Flow prepayment is required for such period pursuant to Section 2.09(c), the date that is five days after the date on which financial statements are delivered pursuant to Section 5.01(b) with respect to such period or, in the case of the fourth fiscal quarter in any fiscal year, pursuant to Section 5.01(a) for such fiscal year.

 

Cure Amount” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 7.02(a).

 

Debtor Relief Laws” means the Bankruptcy Code, and all other liquidation, conservatorship, bankruptcy, assignment for the benefit of creditors, moratorium, rearrangement, receivership, insolvency, reorganization, or similar debtor relief laws of the United States or other applicable jurisdictions from time to time in effect and affecting the rights of creditors generally.

 

Default” means any event or condition that constitutes an Event of Default or that upon notice, lapse of time or both would, unless cured or waived, become an Event of Default.

 

Designated Non-Cash Consideration” means the fair market value of non-cash consideration received by Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower or a Subsidiary in connection with a Disposition pursuant to Section 6.05(k) that is designated as Designated Non-Cash Consideration pursuant to a certificate of a Responsible Officer

 

16



 

of Holdings, setting forth the basis of such valuation (which amount will be reduced by the fair market value of the portion of the non-cash consideration converted to cash within 180 days following the consummation of the applicable Disposition).

 

Designation Date” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 5.13.

 

Discount Prepayment Accepting Lender” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.09(a)(ii)(B).

 

Discount Range” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.09(a)(ii)(C).

 

Discount Range Prepayment Amount” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.09(a)(ii)(C).

 

Discount Range Prepayment Notice” means a written notice of a Borrower Solicitation of Discount Range Prepayment Offers made pursuant to Section 2.09(a)(ii)(C) substantially in the form of Exhibit K.

 

Discount Range Prepayment Offer” means the irrevocable written offer by a Term Lender, substantially in the form of Exhibit L, submitted in response to an invitation to submit offers following the Auction Agent’s receipt of a Discount Range Prepayment Notice.

 

Discount Range Prepayment Response Date” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.09(a)(ii)(C).

 

Discount Range Proration” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.09(a)(ii)(C).

 

Discounted Prepayment Determination Date” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.09(a)(ii)(D).

 

Discounted Prepayment Effective Date” means in the case of a Borrower Offer of Specified Discount Prepayment, Borrower Solicitation of Discount Range Prepayment Offer or Borrower Solicitation of Discounted Prepayment Offer, five (5) Business Days following the receipt by each relevant Term Lender of notice from the Auction Agent in accordance with Section 2.09(a)(ii)(B), Section 2.09(a)(ii)(C) or Section 2.09(a)(ii)(D), as applicable unless a shorter period is agreed to between the Borrower and the Auction Agent.

 

Discounted Term Loan Prepayment” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.09(a)(ii)(A).

 

Disposed EBITDA” means, with respect to any Sold Entity or Business or Converted Unrestricted Subsidiary for any period, the amount for such period of Consolidated EBITDA of such Sold Entity or Business or Converted Unrestricted Subsidiary (determined as if references to the Borrower and the Restricted Subsidiaries in the definition of the term “Consolidated EBITDA” (and in the component financial

 

17



 

definitions used therein) were references to such Sold Entity or Business and its subsidiaries or to such Converted Unrestricted Subsidiary and its subsidiaries), all as determined on a consolidated basis for such Sold Entity or Business or Converted Unrestricted Subsidiary.

 

Disposition” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 6.05.

 

Disqualified Equity Interest” means, with respect to any Person, any Equity Interest in such Person that by its terms (or by the terms of any security into which it is convertible or for which it is exchangeable, either mandatorily or at the option of the holder thereof), or upon the happening of any event or condition:

 

(a)           matures or is mandatorily redeemable (other than solely for Equity Interests in such Person or in the IPO Entity that do not constitute Disqualified Equity Interests and cash in lieu of fractional shares of such Equity Interests), whether pursuant to a sinking fund obligation or otherwise;

 

(b)           is convertible or exchangeable, either mandatorily or at the option of the holder thereof, for Indebtedness or Equity Interests (other than solely for Equity Interests in such Person or in the IPO Entity that do not constitute Disqualified Equity Interests and cash in lieu of fractional shares of such Equity Interests);

 

(c)           provides for the scheduled payments of dividends in cash; or

 

(d)           is redeemable (other than solely for Equity Interests in such Person or in the IPO Entity that do not constitute Disqualified Equity Interests and cash in lieu of fractional shares of such Equity Interests) or is required to be repurchased by such Person or the IPO Entity or any of its Affiliates, in whole or in part, at the option of the holder thereof;

 

in each case, on or prior to the date 91 days after the Latest Maturity Date; provided, however, that (i) an Equity Interest in any Person that would not constitute a Disqualified Equity Interest but for terms thereof giving holders thereof the right to require such Person to redeem or purchase such Equity Interest upon the occurrence of an “asset sale” or a “change of control” shall not constitute a Disqualified Equity Interest if any such requirement becomes operative only after repayment in full of all the Loans and all other Loan Document Obligations that are accrued and payable and the termination of the Commitments and (ii) if an Equity Interest in any Person is issued pursuant to any plan for the benefit of employees of Holdings (or any direct or indirect parent thereof) or any of its subsidiaries or by any such plan to such employees, such Equity Interest shall not constitute a Disqualified Equity Interest solely because it may be required to be repurchased by Holdings (or any direct or indirect parent company thereof) or any of its subsidiaries in order to satisfy applicable statutory or regulatory obligations of such Person.

 

Disqualified Lender” means each Person identified as a “Disqualified Lender” on Part A of Schedule 1.01.

 

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dollars” or “$” refers to lawful money of the United States of America.

 

Domestic Subsidiary” means any Subsidiary that is not a Foreign Subsidiary.

 

ECF Percentage” means, with respect to any prepayment required by Section 2.09(c) with respect to any fiscal quarter (or other applicable period) of the Borrower, if the Total Leverage Ratio (prior to giving effect to the applicable prepayment pursuant to Section 2.09(c)) as of the end of such fiscal quarter (or other applicable period) is (a) greater than 2.00 to 1.00, 50% of Excess Cash Flow for such period and (b) equal to or less than 2:00 to 1.00, 0% of Excess Cash Flow for such period.

 

Eligible Assignee” means (a) a Lender, (b) an Affiliate of a Lender, (c) an Approved Fund and (d) any other Person (other than Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower or any of their subsidiaries, any VV Holder, any Affiliate of Vincent Viola (including any trust established for the benefit of his spouse or children) or any Disqualified Lender), other than, in each case, a natural person.

 

Employee Holding Vehicles” means, collectively, Virtu Employee Holdco LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, Virtu East MIP LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, and any other similar entity, the equityholders of which are current and former officers, directors and employees of Holdings (or any direct or indirect parent thereof), the Borrower and the Restricted Subsidiaries, or their permitted transferees (or their respective estates, executors, trustees, administrators, heirs, legatees or distributees), which entity is formed to hold Equity Interests of Holdings (or any of Holdings’ direct or indirect parent companies) on behalf of such officers, directors and employees.

 

Environmental Laws” means all applicable treaties, rules, regulations, codes, ordinances, judgments, orders, decrees, Governmental Approvals and other applicable Requirements of Law, and all applicable injunctions or binding agreements issued, promulgated or entered into by or with any Governmental Authority, in each instance relating to the protection of the environment, to preservation or reclamation of natural resources, to Release or threatened Release of any Hazardous Material or to the extent relating to exposure to Hazardous Materials, to health or safety matters.

 

Environmental Liability” means any liability, obligation, loss, claim, action, order or cost, contingent or otherwise (including any liability for damages, costs of medical monitoring, costs of environmental remediation or restoration, administrative oversight costs, consultants’ fees, fines, penalties and indemnities), of Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower or any Subsidiary directly or indirectly resulting from or based upon (a) any actual or alleged violation of any Environmental Law or permit, license or approval issued thereunder, (b) Environmental Laws and the generation, use, handling, transportation, storage, treatment or disposal of any Hazardous Materials, (c) exposure to any Hazardous Materials, (d) the Release or threatened Release of any Hazardous Materials or (e) any contract, agreement or other consensual arrangement pursuant to which liability is assumed or imposed with respect to any of the foregoing.

 

Equity Interests” means shares of capital stock, partnership interests, membership interests in a limited liability company, beneficial interests in a trust or other equity ownership interests in a Person.

 

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ERISA” means the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended from time to time.

 

ERISA Affiliate” means any trade or business (whether or not incorporated) that, together with Borrower or any Subsidiary, is treated as a single employer under Section 414(b) or 414(c) of the Code or, solely for purposes of Section 302 of ERISA and Section 412 of the Code, is treated as a single employer under Section 414 of the Code.

 

ERISA Event” means (a) any “reportable event,” as defined in Section 4043 of ERISA or the regulations issued thereunder with respect to a Plan (other than an event for which the 30 day notice period is waived); (b) any failure by any Plan to satisfy the minimum funding standard (within the meaning of Section 412 of the Code or Section 302 of ERISA) applicable to such Plan, in each case whether or not waived; (c) the filing pursuant to Section 412(c) of the Code or Section 302(c) of ERISA of an application for a waiver of the minimum funding standard with respect to any Plan; (d) a determination that any Plan is, or is expected to be, in “at-risk” status (as defined in Section 303(i)(4) of ERISA or Section 430(i)(4) of the Code); (e) the incurrence by the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate of any liability under Title IV of ERISA with respect to the termination of any Plan; (f) the receipt by the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate from the PBGC or a plan administrator of any notice relating to an intention to terminate any Plan or Plans or to appoint a trustee to administer any Plan; (g) the incurrence by the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate of any liability with respect to the withdrawal or partial withdrawal from any Plan or Multiemployer Plan; or (h) the receipt by the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate of any notice, or the receipt by any Multiemployer Plan from the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate of any notice, concerning the imposition of Withdrawal Liability or a determination that a Multiemployer Plan is, or is expected to be, insolvent or in reorganization, within the meaning of Title IV of ERISA or in endangered or critical status, within the meaning of Section 305 of ERISA.

 

Eurodollar” when used in reference to any Loan or Borrowing, refers to whether such Loan, or the Loans comprising such Borrowing, are bearing interest at a rate determined by reference to the Adjusted LIBO Rate.

 

Event of Default” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 7.01.

 

Excess Cash Flow” means, for any period, an amount equal to the excess of:

 

(a)                                 the sum, without duplication, of:

 

(i)                                     Consolidated Net Income for such period,

 

(ii)                                  an amount equal to the amount of all Non-Cash Charges (including in respect of depreciation and amortization) to the extent deducted in arriving at such Consolidated Net Income,

 

(iii)                               an amount equal to the aggregate net non-cash loss on dispositions by the Borrower and the Restricted Subsidiaries during such period (other than dispositions in the ordinary course of business) to the extent deducted in arriving at such Consolidated Net Income;

 

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(iv)                              the amount of tax expenses deducted in determining Consolidated Net Income for such period to the extent they exceed the amount of cash taxes paid in such period; and

 

(v)                                 extraordinary cash gains during such period;

 

over

 

(b)                                 the sum, without duplication, of:

 

(i)                                     an amount equal to the amount of all non-cash credits included in arriving at such Consolidated Net Income (including any amounts included in Consolidated Net Income pursuant to the last sentence of the definition of Consolidated Net Income to the extent such amounts are due but not received during such period) and cash charges included in clauses (a) through (i) of the definition of Consolidated Net Income to the extent financed with internally generated funds of the Borrower and the Restricted Subsidiaries,

 

(ii)                                  without duplication of amounts deducted pursuant to clause (x) below in prior fiscal periods, the amount of capital expenditures made in cash during such period to the extent financed with internally generated funds of the Borrower and the Restricted Subsidiaries (other than asset sale proceeds, casualty proceeds, condemnation proceeds or other funds that would not be included in Consolidated Net Income),

 

(iii)                               the aggregate amount of all principal payments of Indebtedness (other than the payment prior to its stated maturity of (x) any Indebtedness that is subordinated in right of payment to the Loan Document Obligations, (y) any Indebtedness that is secured by a junior Lien on the Collateral and (z) unsecured Indebtedness of the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries) of the Borrower and the Restricted Subsidiaries (including (A) the principal component of payments in respect of Capitalized Leases and (B) the amount of any mandatory prepayment of Term Loans pursuant to Section 2.09(b) with the Net Proceeds from an event of the type specified in clause (a) of the definition of “Prepayment Event” to the extent required due to a disposition that resulted in an increase to Consolidated Net Income and not in excess of the amount of such increase but excluding (X) all other prepayments of Term Loans, (Y) all prepayments of revolving loans and any Trading Debt unless accompanied by a permanent reduction of commitments or termination of a credit line in respect of such revolving loans or such Trading Debt and (Z) the Refinancing) made during such period, to the extent financed with internally generated funds of the Borrower and the Restricted Subsidiaries (other than to the extent such payments were made using any portion of the Cumulative Excess Cash Flow) (it being agreed that any amount not permitted to be deducted pursuant to this clause (b)(iii) may not be deducted pursuant to any other provision of this clause (b)),

 

(iv)                              an amount equal to the aggregate net non-cash gain on dispositions by the Borrower and the Restricted Subsidiaries during such period

 

21



 

(other than dispositions in the ordinary course of business) to the extent included in arriving at such Consolidated Net Income,

 

(v)                                 cash payments by the Borrower and the Restricted Subsidiaries during such period in respect of long-term liabilities of the Borrower and the Restricted Subsidiaries other than Indebtedness and that were made with internally generated funds of the Borrower and the Restricted Subsidiaries, to the extent that such payments were not expensed in arriving at such Consolidated Net Income,

 

(vi)                              without duplication of amounts deducted pursuant to clause (x) below in prior fiscal periods, the amount of Investments and acquisitions made in cash during such period pursuant to Section 6.04 (other than (1) Section 6.04(a), (2) to the extent made with Cumulative Excess Cash Flow and (3) any Investment by the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary in the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary) to the extent that such Investments and acquisitions were financed with internally generated funds of the Borrower and the Restricted Subsidiaries and were not expensed in arriving at such Consolidated Net Income,

 

(vii)                           the amount of dividends, distributions and other restricted payments paid in cash during such period by the Borrower pursuant to Section 6.08 (including any permitted quarterly tax distribution but excluding any such payments pursuant to clause (z) of Section 6.08(a)(viii) and clause (z) of Section 6.08(b)(iv)) to the extent such payments were financed with internally generated funds of the Borrower and the Restricted Subsidiaries,

 

(viii)                        the aggregate amount of expenditures actually made by the Borrower and the Restricted Subsidiaries in cash during such period (including expenditures for the payment of financing fees) to the extent that such expenditures are not expensed during such period and were financed with internally generated funds of the Borrower and the Restricted Subsidiaries (other than to the extent such expenditures were made using any portion of the Cumulative Excess Cash Flow),

 

(ix)                              the aggregate amount of any premium, make-whole or penalty payments actually paid in cash by the Borrower and the Restricted Subsidiaries during such period that are required to be made in connection with any prepayment of Indebtedness to the extent that such payments are not expensed during such period or any previous period and were financed with internally generated funds of the Borrower and the Restricted Subsidiaries (other than to the extent such payments were made using any portion of the Cumulative Excess Cash Flow),

 

(x)                                 without duplication of amounts deducted from Excess Cash Flow in prior periods, the aggregate consideration required to be paid in cash by the Borrower or any of the Restricted Subsidiaries pursuant to binding contracts (which may include, among other things, letters of intent or purchase orders) (the “Contract Consideration”) entered into prior to or during such period relating to Permitted Acquisitions, other Investments or capital expenditures (including

 

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Capitalized Software Expenses or other purchases of intellectual property but excluding any contracts where the counterparty is Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower or any of their subsidiaries) to be consummated or made during the period of four consecutive fiscal quarters of the Borrower following the end of such period, provided that to the extent the aggregate amount of internally generated funds actually utilized to finance such Permitted Acquisitions, Investments or capital expenditures during such period of four consecutive fiscal quarters is less than the Contract Consideration, the amount of such shortfall shall be added to the calculation of Excess Cash Flow at the earliest to occur of the (A) abandonment of such planned expenditure, (B) making of such planned expenditure and (C)  end of such period of four consecutive fiscal quarters,

 

(xi)                              the amount of cash taxes paid in such period to the extent they exceed the amount of tax expense deducted in determining Consolidated Net Income for such period, and

 

(xii)                           extraordinary cash losses for such period.

 

Exchange Act” means the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended from time to time.

 

Excluded Assets” means (a) any fee-owned real property with a fair market value of less than $5,000,000 and all leasehold interests in real property, (b) motor vehicles and other assets subject to certificates of title or ownership (but only to the extent that a security interest in any such asset cannot be perfected by filing of a financing statement), (c) any commercial tort claims or letter of credit rights having a value of less than $5,000,000 (but only to the extent that a security interest in any such asset cannot be perfected by filing of a financing statement), (d) Equity Interests in any Person (other than the Borrower or any Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiaries) to the extent not permitted by the terms of such Person’s organizational or joint venture documents, (e) voting Equity Interests constituting an amount greater than 65% of the voting Equity Interests of any Foreign Subsidiary, (f) any lease, license or other agreement with any Person if, to the extent and for so long as the grant of a Lien thereon to secure the Secured Obligations constitutes a breach of or a default under, or creates an enforceable right of termination in favor of any party (other than Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower or any subsidiary of any of the foregoing) to, such lease, license or other agreement (but only to the extent any of the foregoing is not rendered ineffective by, or is otherwise unenforceable under, the Uniform Commercial Code or any Requirements of Law), (g) any asset subject to a Lien of the type permitted by Section 6.02(iv) (whether or not incurred pursuant to such Section) or a Lien permitted by Section 6.02(xi) or Section 6.02(xx), in each case if, to the extent and for so long as the grant of a Lien thereon to secure the Secured Obligations constitutes a breach of or a default under, or creates a right of termination in favor of any party (other than Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower or any subsidiary of any of the foregoing) to, any agreement pursuant to which such Lien has been created (but only to the extent any of the foregoing is not rendered ineffective by, or is otherwise unenforceable under, the Uniform Commercial Code or any Requirements of Law), (h) any intent-to-use trademark applications filed in the United States Patent and Trademark

 

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Office, (i) any asset with respect to which Holdings with the written consent of the Administrative Agent (not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed) shall have provided to the Administrative Agent a certificate of a Financial Officer to the effect that, based on the advice of outside counsel or tax advisors of national recognition, the grant of a Lien thereon to secure the Secured Obligations would result in adverse tax consequences (including as a result of the operation of Section 956 of the Code or any similar law or regulation in any applicable jurisdiction) to Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries (other than on account of any Taxes payable in connection with filings, recordings, registrations, stampings and any similar acts in connection with the creation or perfection of Liens) that shall have been reasonably determined by Holdings to be material to Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries and (j) any asset if, to the extent and for so long as the grant of a Lien thereon to secure the Secured Obligations is prohibited by any Requirements of Law (other than to the extent that any such prohibition would be rendered ineffective pursuant to the Uniform Commercial Code or any other applicable Requirements of Law).

 

Excluded Domestic Subsidiary” means any direct or indirect Domestic Subsidiary of a direct or indirect Foreign Subsidiary of the Borrower.

 

Excluded Subsidiary” means (a) any Subsidiary that is not a Wholly Owned Subsidiary of Holdings on the Closing Date (or, if later, the date it first becomes a Subsidiary), (b) any Subsidiary that is prohibited by any contractual obligation existing on the Closing Date (or, if later, the date it first becomes a Subsidiary, so long as such prohibition was not incurred in connection with or in contemplation of the acquisition of such Subsidiary), from guaranteeing the Secured Obligations, (c) any Subsidiary that is prohibited by any Requirement of Law from guaranteeing the Secured Obligations or that would require the consent, approval, license or authorization of any Governmental Authority or any Regulatory Supervising Organization to guarantee the Secured Obligations (unless such consent, approval, license or authorization has been received), (d) any Subsidiary to the extent such Subsidiary guaranteeing the Secured Obligations would result in a material adverse tax consequence to the Borrower and its Subsidiaries (including as a result of the operation of Section 956 of the Code or any similar law or regulation in any applicable jurisdiction) as reasonably determined by the Borrower with the consent of the Administrative Agent (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed), (e) each IPO Shell Company and (f) any other Subsidiary excused from becoming a Loan Party pursuant to the last paragraph of the definition of the term “Collateral and Guarantee Requirement.”

 

Excluded Taxes” means, with respect to the Administrative Agent, any Lender or any other recipient of any payment to be made by or on account of any obligation of any Loan Party hereunder or under any other Loan Document, (a) Taxes imposed on (or measured by) its net income (however denominated) and franchise Taxes imposed on it (in lieu of net income Taxes) by (i) the United States of America, or the jurisdiction under the laws of which such recipient is organized or in which its principal office is located or, in the case of any Lender, in which its applicable lending office is located, or (ii) any other jurisdiction as a result of a present or former connection between such recipient and the jurisdiction imposing such Tax (other than a connection arising solely from such recipient having executed, delivered, or become a party to, performed its

 

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obligations or received payments under, received or perfected a security interest under, sold or assigned an interest in, engaged in any other transaction pursuant to, or enforced, any Loan Documents), (b) any branch profits Tax imposed by the United States of America or any similar Tax imposed by any other jurisdiction described in clause (a) above, (c) any withholding Tax that is attributable to a Lender’s failure to comply with Section 2.15(e) and (d) except in the case of an assignee pursuant to a request by the Borrower under Section 2.17 hereto, any U.S. federal withholding Taxes (including any deduction or withholding pursuant to FATCA) imposed due to a Requirement of Law in effect at the time a Lender becomes a party hereto (or designates a new lending office), except to the extent that such Lender (or its assignor, if any) was entitled, at the time of designation of a new lending office (or assignment), to receive additional amounts with respect to such withholding Tax under Section 2.15(a).

 

Existing Credit Agreement” means the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of February 5, 2013 among Holdings, the Borrower, the lenders party thereto and Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, as administrative agent and collateral agent, as in effect immediately prior to the Closing Date.

 

Existing Lenders Agreement” means the cashless roll letter dated as of November 8, 2013, among Holdings, the Borrower, certain of the lenders party to the Existing Credit Agreement and Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, as administrative agent under the Existing Credit Agreement.

 

Extension Notice” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.19(b).

 

FATCA” means Sections 1471 through 1474 of the Code, as of the date of this Agreement (or any amended or successor version that is substantively comparable and not materially more onerous to comply with), any current or future regulations or official interpretations thereof and any agreements entered into pursuant to Section 1471(b)(1) of the Code.

 

Federal Funds Effective Rate” means, for any day, the weighted average (rounded upwards, if necessary, to the next 1/100 of 1%) of the rates on overnight Federal funds transactions with members of the Federal Reserve System arranged by Federal funds brokers, as published on the next succeeding Business Day by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, or, if such rate is not so published for any day that is a Business Day, the average (rounded upwards, if necessary, to the next 1/100 of 1%) of the quotations for such day for such transactions received by the Administrative Agent from three Federal funds brokers of recognized standing selected by it.

 

Financial Officer” means the chief financial officer, chief operating officer, principal accounting officer, treasurer or controller of Holdings.

 

Financial Performance Covenants” means the covenants set forth in Sections 6.12 and 6.13.

 

Financing Transactions” means the execution, delivery and performance by each Loan Party of the Loan Documents to which it is to be a party, the borrowing of Loans and the use of the proceeds thereof.

 

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First Lien Intercreditor Agreement” means the First Lien Intercreditor Agreement substantially in the form of Exhibit F-1 among the Administrative Agent and one or more Senior Representatives for holders of Permitted First Priority Refinancing Debt, any secured Indebtedness incurred pursuant to Section 6.01(a)(viii) or any secured Additional Notes issued pursuant to Section 6.01(a)(xxii), with such modifications thereto as the Administrative Agent may reasonably agree.

 

Flow-Through Entity” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 6.08(a)(vi).

 

Foreign Subsidiary” means (a) any Subsidiary that is organized under the laws of a jurisdiction other than the United States of America, any State thereof or the District of Columbia and (b) any Subsidiary organized under the laws of the United States of America, any State thereof or the District of Columbia that is disregarded for U.S. federal income tax purposes if substantially all of its assets consist of the equity interests of one or more direct or indirect Foreign Subsidiaries.

 

GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, as in effect from time to time but subject to Section 1.04.

 

Governmental Approvals” means all authorizations, consents, approvals, permits, licenses and exemptions of, registrations and filings with, and reports to, Governmental Authorities or Regulatory Supervising Organizations.

 

Governmental Authority” means the government of the United States of America or any other nation, or any political subdivision thereof, whether state or local, and any agency, authority, instrumentality, regulatory body, court, central bank or other entity exercising executive, legislative, judicial, taxing, regulatory or administrative powers or functions of or pertaining to government (including any supra-national bodies such as the European Union or the European Central Bank).

 

Guarantee” of or by any Person (the “guarantor”) means any obligation, contingent or otherwise, of the guarantor guaranteeing or having the economic effect of guaranteeing any Indebtedness of any other Person (the “primary obligor”) in any manner, whether directly or indirectly, and including any obligation of the guarantor, direct or indirect, (a) to purchase or pay (or advance or supply funds for the purchase or payment of) such Indebtedness or to purchase (or to advance or supply funds for the purchase of) any security for the payment thereof, (b) to purchase or lease property, securities or services for the purpose of assuring the owner of such Indebtedness of the payment thereof, (c) to maintain working capital, equity capital or any other financial statement condition or liquidity of the primary obligor so as to enable the primary obligor to pay such Indebtedness or (d) as an account party in respect of any letter of credit or letter of guaranty issued to support such Indebtedness; provided that the term Guarantee shall not include endorsements for collection or deposit in the ordinary course of business or customary and reasonable indemnity obligations in effect on the Closing Date or entered into in connection with any acquisition or disposition of assets permitted under this Agreement (other than such obligations with respect to Indebtedness).  The amount of any Guarantee shall be deemed to be an amount equal to the stated or determinable amount of the related primary obligation, or portion thereof, in respect of which such

 

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Guarantee is made or, if not stated or determinable, the maximum reasonably anticipated liability in respect thereof as determined in good faith by a Financial Officer.  The term “Guarantee” as a verb has a corresponding meaning.

 

Guarantee Agreement” means the Master Guarantee Agreement dated as of July 8, 2011 among the Loan Parties and the Administrative Agent.

 

Hazardous Materials” means all explosive, radioactive, hazardous or toxic substances, wastes or other pollutants, including petroleum or petroleum by-products or distillates, asbestos or asbestos-containing materials, polychlorinated biphenyls, radon gas, infectious or medical wastes and all other substances or wastes of any nature regulated as hazardous or toxic, or any other term of similar import, pursuant to any Environmental Law.

 

Holdings” means (a) prior to any IPO, Initial Holdings and (b) upon and after an IPO, (i) if the IPO Entity is Initial Holdings or any Person of which Initial Holdings is a Subsidiary, Initial Holdings or (ii) if the IPO Entity is an Intermediate Parent, the IPO Entity.

 

Holdings LLC Agreement” means the Limited Liability Company Agreement of Holdings pursuant to which the members of Holdings hold limited liability interests of Holdings, together with all exhibits and schedules thereto in a form presented to the Administrative Agent prior to the Closing Date, as such agreement may be amended and restated in connection with the IPO Reorganization Transactions so long as such agreement, as so amended and restated, could not reasonably be expected to have the effect of increasing Tax Distributions (as defined in the Holdings LLC Agreement as of the date hereof) in any material respect.

 

Identified Participating Lenders” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.09(a)(ii)(C).

 

Identified Qualifying Lenders” has the meaning specified in Section 2.09(a)(ii)(D).

 

Immaterial Subsidiary” means any Subsidiary other than a Material Subsidiary.

 

Incremental Cap” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.18(a)(iii).

 

Incremental Revolving Commitment” means the commitment of the Incremental Revolving Lenders to make loans pursuant to an Incremental Revolving Facility in accordance with Section 2.18.

 

Incremental Revolving Facility” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.18(a)(i).

 

Incremental Revolving Facility Amendment” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.18(b).

 

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Incremental Revolving Facility Closing Date” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.18(b).

 

Incremental Term Commitment” means the commitment of the Additional Term Lenders to make Incremental Term Loans pursuant to Section 2.18.

 

Incremental Term Facility” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.20(a)(ii).

 

Incremental Term Facility Amendment” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.18(b).

 

Incremental Term Facility Closing Date” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.18(b).

 

Indebtedness” of any Person means, without duplication, (a) all obligations of such Person for borrowed money or with respect to deposits or advances of any kind, (b) all obligations of such Person evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes or similar instruments, (c) all obligations of such Person under conditional sale or other title retention agreements relating to property acquired by such Person, (d) all obligations of such Person in respect of the deferred purchase price of property or services (excluding trade accounts payable in the ordinary course of business and any earn-out obligation until such obligation becomes a liability on the balance sheet of such Person in accordance with GAAP), (e) all Indebtedness of others secured by (or for which the holder of such Indebtedness has an existing right, contingent or otherwise, to be secured by) any Lien on property owned or acquired by such Person, whether or not the Indebtedness secured thereby has been assumed, (f) all Guarantees by such Person of Indebtedness of others, (g) all Capital Lease Obligations of such Person, (h) all obligations, contingent or otherwise, of such Person as an account party in respect of letters of credit and letters of guaranty and (i) all obligations, contingent or otherwise, of such Person in respect of bankers’ acceptances; provided that the term “Indebtedness” shall not include (x) deferred or prepaid revenue and (y) purchase price holdbacks in respect of a portion of the purchase price of an asset to satisfy warranty or other unperformed obligations of the seller.  The Indebtedness of any Person shall include the Indebtedness of any other entity (including any partnership in which such Person is a general partner) to the extent such Person is liable therefor as a result of such Person’s ownership interest in or other relationship with such entity, except to the extent the terms of such Indebtedness provide that such Person is not liable therefor.  The amount of Indebtedness of any Person for purposes of clause (e) above shall (unless such Indebtedness has been assumed by such Person) be deemed to be equal to the lesser of (A) the aggregate unpaid amount of such Indebtedness and (B) the fair market value of the property encumbered thereby as determined by such Person in good faith.

 

Indemnified Taxes” means Taxes other than Excluded Taxes.

 

Indemnitee” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 9.03(b).

 

Information” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 9.12(a).

 

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Information Materials” means the presentation to the Lenders titled “$405 million Senior Secured Credit Facility” and dated October 2013 and a subsequent memorandum titled “Virtu Financial Revised Terms”, relating to the Loan Parties and the Transactions.

 

Initial Holdings” has the meaning given to such term in the preliminary statements hereto.

 

Intellectual Property” has the meaning assigned to such term in the Collateral Agreement.

 

Interest Coverage Ratio” means, the ratio of (a) Consolidated EBITDA for any Test Period to (b) Consolidated Interest Expense for such Test Period.

 

Interest Election Request” means a request by the Borrower to convert or continue an borrowing under an Incremental Revolving Facility or a Term Borrowing in accordance with Section 2.05.

 

Interest Payment Date” means (a) with respect to any ABR Loan, the last Business Day of each March, June, September and December and (b) with respect to any Eurodollar Loan, the last day of the Interest Period applicable to the Borrowing of which such Loan is a part and, in the case of a Eurodollar Borrowing with an Interest Period of more than three months’ duration, each day prior to the last day of such Interest Period that occurs at intervals of three months’ duration after the first day of such Interest Period.

 

Interest Period” means, with respect to any Eurodollar Borrowing, the period commencing on the date such Borrowing is disbursed or converted to or continued as a Eurodollar Borrowing and ending on the date that is one, two, three or six months thereafter as selected by the Borrower in its Borrowing Request (or, if agreed to by each Lender participating therein, twelve months or such other period less than one month thereafter as the Borrower may elect); provided that (a) if any Interest Period would end on a day other than a Business Day, such Interest Period shall be extended to the next succeeding Business Day unless such next succeeding Business Day would fall in the next calendar month, in which case such Interest Period shall end on the next preceding Business Day, (b) any Interest Period that commences on the last Business Day of a calendar month (or on a day for which there is no numerically corresponding day in the last calendar month of such Interest Period) shall end on the last Business Day of the last calendar month at the end of such Interest Period and (c) no Interest Period shall extend beyond the Term Maturity Date (or other applicable maturity date).  For purposes hereof, the date of a Borrowing initially shall be the date on which such Borrowing is made and thereafter shall be the effective date of the most recent conversion or continuation of such Borrowing.

 

Intermediate Parent” means any Subsidiary of Holdings and of which the Borrower is a subsidiary.

 

Investment” means, as to any Person, any direct or indirect acquisition or investment by such Person, whether by means of (a) the purchase or other acquisition of Equity Interests or debt or other securities of another Person, (b) a loan, advance or

 

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capital contribution to, Guarantee or assumption of Indebtedness of, or purchase or other acquisition of any other debt or equity participation or interest in, another Person, including any partnership or joint venture interest in such other Person or (c) the purchase or other acquisition (in one transaction or a series of transactions) of all or substantially all of the property and assets or business of another Person or assets constituting a business unit, line of business or division of such Person.  The amount, as of any date of determination, of (a) any Investment in the form of a loan or an advance shall be the principal amount thereof outstanding on such date, minus any cash payments actually received by such investor representing interest in respect of such Investment (to the extent any such payment to be deducted does not exceed the remaining principal amount of such Investment), but without any adjustment for write-downs or write-offs (including as a result of forgiveness of any portion thereof) with respect to such loan or advance after the date thereof, (b) any Investment in the form of a Guarantee shall be equal to the stated or determinable amount of the related primary obligation, or portion thereof, in respect of which such Guarantee is made or, if not stated or determinable, the maximum reasonably anticipated liability in respect thereof, as determined in good faith by a Financial Officer, (c) any Investment in the form of a transfer of Equity Interests or other non-cash property by the investor to the investee, including any such transfer in the form of a capital contribution, shall be the fair market value (as determined in good faith by a Financial Officer) of such Equity Interests or other property as of the time of the transfer, minus any payments actually received by such investor representing a return of capital of, or dividends or other distributions in respect of, such Investment (to the extent such payments do not exceed, in the aggregate, the original amount of such Investment), but without any other adjustment for increases or decreases in value of, or write-ups, write-downs or write-offs with respect to, such Investment after the date of such Investment, and (d) any Investment (other than any Investment referred to in clause (a), (b) or (c) above) by the specified Person in the form of a purchase or other acquisition for value of any Equity Interests, evidences of Indebtedness or other securities of any other Person shall be the original cost of such Investment (including any Indebtedness assumed in connection therewith), plus (i) the cost of all additions thereto and minus (ii) the amount of any portion of such Investment that has been repaid to the investor in cash as a repayment of principal or a return of capital, and of any cash payments actually received by such investor representing interest, dividends or other distributions in respect of such Investment (to the extent the amounts referred to in clause (ii) do not, in the aggregate, exceed the original cost of such Investment plus the costs of additions thereto), but without any other adjustment for increases or decreases in value of, or write-ups, write-downs or write-offs with respect to, such Investment after the date of such Investment.  For purposes of Section 6.04, if an Investment involves the acquisition of more than one Person, the amount of such Investment shall be allocated among the acquired Persons in accordance with GAAP; provided that pending the final determination of the amounts to be so allocated in accordance with GAAP, such allocation shall be as reasonably determined by a Financial Officer.

 

IPO” means the initial underwritten public offering on a national securities exchange of common Equity Interests in the IPO Entity pursuant to an effective registration statement (other than Form S-8) filed with the SEC in accordance with the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

 

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IPO Entity” means, at any time at and after an IPO, Initial Holdings, a parent entity of Initial Holdings or an Intermediate Parent, as the case may be, the Equity Interests of which were issued or otherwise sold pursuant to the IPO; provided that, immediately following the IPO, either (a) the Borrower is a Wholly Owned Subsidiary of such IPO Entity and such IPO Entity owns, directly or through its subsidiaries, substantially all the businesses and assets owned or conducted, directly or indirectly, by the Borrower immediately prior to the IPO or (b) the Borrower is a Wholly Owned Subsidiary of Holdings, the IPO Entity holds all of the voting power over Holdings and substantially all of the assets of such IPO Entity consists of Equity Interests of Holdings.

 

IPO Listco” means a Wholly Owned Subsidiary of Holdings organized under the laws of the United States or a State thereof and formed in contemplation of an IPO to become the IPO Entity. The Borrower shall, promptly following its formation, notify the Administrative Agent of the formation of the IPO Listco.

 

IPO Reorganization Transactions” means, collectively, the following transactions, which (except for the transactions described in clause (ii)(b) below) shall occur during the Pre-IPO Period (except for the transactions described in clauses (i) and (iv) below which shall occur prior to the Pre-IPO Period): (i) the formation and ownership of the IPO Shell Companies, (ii) entry into, and performance of, (a) a reorganization agreement implementing the IPO Reorganization Transactions and certain other reorganization transactions in connection with an IPO so long as such agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect and (b) customary underwriting agreements in connection with an IPO and any future follow-on underwritten public offerings of common Equity Interests in the IPO Entity, including the provision by IPO Listco and Holdings of customary representations, warranties, covenants and indemnification to the underwriters thereunder, (iii) the merger of IPO Subsidiary with one or more direct or indirect holders of Equity Interests in Holdings with IPO Subsidiary surviving and holding Equity Interests in Holdings; provided that, excluding Equity Interests in Holdings, the IPO Subsidiary has only immaterial assets immediately prior to such merger, (iv) the amendment and restatement of the Holdings LLC Agreement as contemplated in the definition thereof, (v) the making of Restricted Payments to (or Investments in) Holdings to permit Holdings to make distributions, directly or indirectly, to IPO Listco, in each case solely for the purpose of paying, and solely in the amounts necessary for IPO Listco to pay, IPO-related expenses and the making of such distributions by Holdings, (vi) the repurchase by IPO Listco of its Equity Interests from Holdings, the Borrower or any Subsidiary; provided that, excluding Equity Interests in Holdings and IPO Subsidiary, the IPO Shell Companies have only immaterial assets immediately prior to such repurchase, (vii) the entry into an exchange agreement, pursuant to which holders of Equity Interests in Holdings and certain non-economic/voting Equity Interests in IPO Listco will be permitted to exchange such interests for certain economic/voting Equity Interests in IPO Listco, (viii) any issuance, dividend or distribution of the Equity Interests of the IPO Shell Companies or other Disposition of ownership thereof to the IPO Shell Companies and/or the direct or indirect holders of Equity Interests of Holdings; provided that, excluding Equity Interests in Holdings and IPO Subsidiary, the IPO Shell Companies have only immaterial assets immediately prior to such issuance, dividend, distribution or other Disposition and (ix) all other transactions reasonably incidental to, or necessary for the consummation of, the foregoing.

 

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IPO Shell Company” means each of IPO Listco and IPO Subsidiary.

 

IPO Subsidiary” means a Wholly Owned Subsidiary of IPO Listco organized under the laws of the United States or a State thereof and formed in contemplation of, and to facilitate, the IPO Reorganization Transactions and an IPO. The Borrower shall, promptly following its formation, notify the Administrative Agent of the formation of the IPO Subsidiary.

 

Junior Financing” means any Subordinated Indebtedness and any Permitted Refinancing in respect thereof owing by the Borrower or a Restricted Subsidiary (other than intercompany Indebtedness owing to the Borrower or a Restricted Subsidiary).

 

Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement” means the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement substantially in the form of Exhibit F-2 among the Administrative Agent and one or more Senior Representatives for holders of Permitted Junior Lien Refinancing Debt, any junior Lien secured Indebtedness incurred pursuant to Section 6.01(a)(viii) or any junior Lien secured Additional Notes issued pursuant to Section 6.01(a)(xxii), with such modifications thereto as the Administrative Agent may reasonably agree.

 

Latest Maturity Date” means, at any date of determination, the latest maturity or expiration date applicable to any Loan or Commitment hereunder at such time, including the latest maturity or expiration date of any Other Term Loan or any Other Term Commitment, in each case as extended in accordance with this Agreement from time to time.

 

Lead Arranger” means Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC.

 

Lenders” means the Persons listed on Schedule 2.01 and any other Person that shall have become a party hereto pursuant to an Assignment and Assumption, an Incremental Revolving Facility Amendment, an Incremental Term Facility Amendment or a Refinancing Amendment, in each case, other than any such Person that ceases to be a party hereto pursuant to an Assignment and Assumption.

 

LIBO Rate” means, with respect to any Eurodollar Borrowing for any Interest Period, the rate per annum determined by the Administrative Agent at approximately 11:00 a.m. (London time) on the date that is two Business Days prior to the commencement of such Interest Period by reference to the British Bankers’ Association Interest Settlement Rates (or by reference to any successor or substitute entity or other quotation service providing comparable quotations to such British Bankers’ Association Interest Settlement Rates)  for deposits in dollars (as set forth by the Bloomberg Information Service or any successor thereto or any other service selected by the Administrative Agent which has been nominated by the British Bankers’ Association (or any successor or substitute agency) as an authorized information vendor for the purpose of displaying such rates) for a period equal to such Interest Period; provided that, to the extent that an interest rate is not ascertainable pursuant to the foregoing provisions of this definition, the “LIBO Rate” shall be the interest rate per annum determined by the Administrative Agent to be the average of the rates per annum at which deposits in dollars are offered for such relevant Interest Period to major banks in the London interbank market in London, England by the Administrative Agent at approximately

 

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11:00 a.m. (London time) on the date that is two Business Days prior to the beginning of such Interest Period.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, the LIBO Rate with respect to any applicable Interest Period will be deemed to be 1.25% per annum if the LIBO Rate for such Interest Period determined pursuant to this definition would otherwise be less than 1.25% per annum.

 

Lien” means, with respect to any asset, (a) any mortgage, deed of trust, lien, pledge, hypothecation, encumbrance, charge or security interest in, on or of such asset and (b) the interest of a vendor or a lessor under any conditional sale agreement, capital lease or title retention agreement (or any financing lease having substantially the same economic effect as any of the foregoing) relating to such asset.

 

Loan Document Obligations” has the meaning assigned to such term in the Collateral Agreement.

 

Loan Documents” means this Agreement, any Refinancing Amendment, the Guarantee Agreement, the Collateral Agreement, the other Security Documents, the Reaffirmation Agreement, the First Lien Intercreditor Agreement, the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement and, except for purposes of Section 9.02, any promissory notes delivered pursuant to Section 2.07(e).

 

Loan Parties” means Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower and the Subsidiary Loan Parties.

 

Loans” means the loans made by the Lenders to the Borrower pursuant to this Agreement.

 

Majority in Interest,” when used in reference to Lenders of any Class, means, at any time, (a) in the case of Additional Revolving Lenders, Lenders having loans and unused commitments under the Incremental Revolving Facilities representing more than 50% of the sum of the aggregate loans and the aggregate unused commitments under the Incremental Revolving Facilities at such time and (b) in the case of the Term Lenders of any Class, Lenders holding outstanding Term Loans of such Class representing more than 50% of all Term Loans of such Class outstanding at such time, provided that the Loans and unused Commitments of the Borrower or any Affiliate thereof shall be excluded for purposes of making a determination of the Majority in Interest.

 

Material Adverse Effect” means any event, circumstance or condition that has had, or would reasonably be expected to have, a materially adverse effect on (a) the business, financial condition or results of operations of Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, (b) the ability of the Borrower and the other Loan Parties, taken as a whole, to perform their payment obligations under the Loan Documents or (c) the rights and remedies of the Administrative Agent and the Lenders under the Loan Documents.

 

Material Indebtedness” means Indebtedness (other than the Loan Document Obligations), or obligations in respect of one or more Swap Agreements, of any one or

 

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more of Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower and the Restricted Subsidiaries in an aggregate principal amount exceeding $15,000,000.  For purposes of determining Material Indebtedness, the “principal amount” of the obligations in respect of any Swap Agreement at any time shall be the maximum aggregate amount (giving effect to any netting agreements) that Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower or such Restricted Subsidiary would be required to pay if such Swap Agreement were terminated at such time.

 

Material Subsidiary” means (i) each Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiary that, as of the last day of the fiscal quarter of the Borrower most recently ended, had revenues or total assets for such quarter in excess of 2.5% of the consolidated revenues or total assets, as applicable, of the Borrower for such quarter and (ii) any group comprising Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiaries that each would not have been a Material Subsidiary under clause (i) but that, taken together, as of the last day of the fiscal quarter of the Borrower most recently ended, had revenues or total assets for such quarter in excess of 5% of the consolidated revenues or total assets, as applicable, of the Borrower for such quarter; provided that solely for purposes of Sections 7.01(h) and (i) each such Subsidiary forming part of such group is subject to an Event of Default under one or more of such Sections.

 

Maximum Rate” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 9.16.

 

Moody’s” means Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. and any successor to its rating agency business.

 

Mortgage” means a mortgage, deed of trust, assignment of leases and rents, leasehold mortgage or other security document granting a Lien on any Mortgaged Property to secure the Secured Obligations.  Each Mortgage shall be in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and the Borrower.

 

Mortgaged Property” means each parcel of real property and the improvements thereto owned by a Loan Party with respect to which a Mortgage is granted pursuant to Section 5.11 or Section 5.12.

 

Multiemployer Plan” means a multiemployer plan as defined in Section 4001(a)(3) of ERISA.

 

Net Proceeds” means, with respect to any event, (a) the proceeds received in respect of such event in cash or Permitted Investments, including (i) any cash or Permitted Investments received in respect of any non-cash proceeds (including any cash payments received by way of deferred payment of principal pursuant to a note or installment receivable or purchase price adjustment or earn-out, but excluding any interest payments), but only as and when received, (ii) in the case of a casualty, insurance proceeds, and (iii) in the case of a condemnation or similar event, condemnation awards and similar payments, minus (b) the sum of (i) all fees and out-of-pocket expenses paid by Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries in connection with such event (including attorney’s fees, investment banking fees, survey costs, title insurance premiums, and related search and recording charges, transfer taxes, deed or mortgage recording taxes, underwriting discounts and commissions, other

 

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customary expenses and brokerage, consultant, accountant and other customary fees), (ii) in the case of a sale, transfer or other disposition of an asset (including pursuant to a sale and leaseback transaction or a casualty or a condemnation or similar proceeding), (x) the amount of all payments that are permitted hereunder and are made by Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries as a result of such event to repay Indebtedness (other than the Loans, any Permitted First Priority Refinancing Debt, any Permitted Junior Lien Refinancing Debt, any secured Indebtedness incurred pursuant to Section 6.01(a)(viii) or any secured Additional Notes issued pursuant to Section 6.01(a)(xxii)) secured by such asset or otherwise subject to mandatory prepayment as a result of such event, (y) the pro rata portion of net cash proceeds thereof (calculated without regard to this clause (y)) attributable to minority interests and not available for distribution to or for the account of Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower its Restricted Subsidiaries as a result thereof and (z) the amount of any liabilities directly associated with such asset and retained by the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary and (iii) the amount of all taxes paid (or reasonably estimated to be payable), and the amount of any reserves established by Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries to fund contingent liabilities reasonably estimated to be payable, that are directly attributable to such event, provided that (x) if the amount of any such estimated taxes exceeds the amount of taxes actually required to be paid in cash in respect of such event, the aggregate amount of such excess shall constitute Net Proceeds at the time such taxes are actually paid and (y) any reduction at any time in the amount of any such reserves (other than as a result of payments made in respect thereof) shall be deemed to constitute the receipt by the Borrower at such time of Net Proceeds in the amount of such reduction.

 

Non-Cash Charges” means (a) any non-cash impairment charge or asset write-off or write-down related to intangible assets (including goodwill), long-lived assets, and Investments in debt and equity securities pursuant to GAAP, (b) all non-cash losses from Investments recorded using the equity method, (c) all Non-Cash Compensation Expenses, (d) the non-cash impact of acquisition method accounting, and (e) other non-cash charges (provided, in each case, that if any non-cash charges represent an accrual or reserve for potential cash items in any future period, the cash payment in respect thereof in such future period shall be subtracted from Consolidated EBITDA to such extent, and excluding amortization of a prepaid cash item that was paid in a prior period).

 

Non-Cash Compensation Expense” means any non-cash expenses and costs that result from the issuance of stock-based awards, partnership interest-based awards and similar incentive based compensation awards or arrangements.

 

Non-Consenting Lender” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 9.02(c).

 

Non-Loan Party Investment Amount” means, at any time, the sum of (a) the greater of $100,000,000 and 40% of Consolidated EBITDA for the most recently ended Test Period, (b) the Net Proceeds of any issuance of, or contribution of cash in respect of existing, Qualified Equity Interests (other than any such issuance or contribution made pursuant to Section 7.02 or any issuance to or contribution from a Restricted Subsidiary) that are Not Otherwise Applied and (c) Cumulative Excess Cash Flow that is Not Otherwise Applied; provided that amounts under clause (b) or (c) may only be utilized to

 

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make an Investment or acquisition if (i) no Default has occurred and is continuing at the time of the applicable Investment or acquisition or would result therefrom and (ii) at the time of the applicable Investment or acquisition and immediately after giving effect thereto, the Borrower would be in compliance with the covenants set forth in Sections 6.12 and 6.13 on a Pro Forma Basis as of the end of the most recent Test Period for which financial statements are available.

 

Non-Wholly Owned Subsidiary” of any Person means any Subsidiary of such Person other than a Wholly Owned Subsidiary.

 

Not Otherwise Applied” means, with reference to any amount of Net Proceeds of any transaction or event or of Excess Cash Flow, that such amount (a) was not or was not required to be applied to prepay the Loans pursuant to Section 2.09(c) (provided that if such Excess Cash Flow was not required to be applied to prepay the Loans pursuant to Section 2.09(f), such Excess Cash Flow shall only be deemed “Not Otherwise Applied” to the extent the Borrower has made a payment of Term Loans pursuant to clause (B) of Section 2.09(f) and such amounts represent the amount of additional taxes that would have been payable or reserved against if such Excess Cash Flow had been repatriated), and (b) was not previously applied pursuant to any of Sections 6.04(c)(iii)(A), 6.04(h), 6.04(m), 6.08(a)(viii), 6.08(a)(ix) or 6.08(b)(iv).

 

OFAC” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 3.07(b).

 

OID” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.18(a)(ii).

 

Offered Amount” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.09(a)(ii)(D).

 

Offered Discount” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.09(a)(ii)(D).

 

Organizational Documents” means, with respect to any Person, the charter, articles or certificate of organization or incorporation and bylaws or other organizational or governing documents of such Person.

 

Other Taxes” means any and all present or future recording, stamp, documentary, excise, transfer, sales, property or similar Taxes, charges or levies arising from any payment made under any Loan Document or from the execution, delivery or enforcement of, or otherwise with respect to, any Loan Document.

 

Other Term Commitments” means one or more Classes of term loan commitments hereunder that result from a Refinancing Amendment.

 

Other Term Loans” means one or more Classes of Term Loans that result from a Refinancing Amendment.

 

Participant” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 9.04(c).

 

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Participant Register” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 9.04(c)(ii).

 

Participating Lender” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.09(a)(ii)(C).

 

PBGC” means the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation referred to and defined in ERISA and any successor entity performing similar functions.

 

Perfection Certificate” means a certificate substantially in the form of Exhibit C.

 

Permitted Acquisition” means the purchase or other acquisition, by merger or otherwise, by the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary of Equity Interests in, or all or substantially all the assets of (or all or substantially all the assets constituting a business unit, division, product line or line of business of), any Person; provided that (a) in the case of any purchase or other acquisition of Equity Interests in a Person, such Person, upon the consummation of such acquisition, will be a Restricted Subsidiary (including as a result of a merger or consolidation between any Restricted Subsidiary and such Person), (b) all transactions related thereto are consummated in accordance with all Requirements of Law, (c) the business of such Person, or such assets, as the case may be, constitute a business permitted by Section 6.03(b), (d) with respect to each such purchase or other acquisition, all actions required to be taken with respect to such newly created or acquired Restricted Subsidiary (including each subsidiary thereof) or assets in order to satisfy the requirements set forth in clauses (a), (b), (c) and (d) of the definition of the term “Collateral and Guarantee Requirement” to the extent applicable shall have been taken (or arrangements for the taking of such actions reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent shall have been made), (e) after giving effect to any such purchase or other acquisition and any incurrence or assumption of Indebtedness in connection therewith, (A) no Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing and (B) the Borrower shall be in compliance with the covenants set forth in Sections 6.12 and 6.13 on a Pro Forma Basis as of the end of the most recent Test Period for which financial statements are available and (f) the Borrower shall have delivered to the Administrative Agent a certificate of a Financial Officer certifying that all the requirements set forth in this definition have been satisfied with respect to such purchase or other acquisition, together with reasonably detailed calculations demonstrating satisfaction of the requirement set forth in clause (e) above.

 

Permitted Encumbrances” means:

 

(a)           Liens for taxes, assessments or governmental charges that are not overdue for a period of more than 30 days or that are being contested in good faith and by appropriate proceedings diligently conducted, if adequate reserves with respect thereto are maintained on the books of the applicable Person in accordance with GAAP;

 

(b)           Liens imposed by law, such as carriers’, warehousemen’s, mechanics’, materialmen’s, repairmen’s or construction contractors’ Liens and other similar Liens, in each case arising in the ordinary course of business that secure amounts not overdue for a period of more than 30 days or, if more than 30 days overdue, are unfiled and no other

 

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action has been taken to enforce such Lien or that are being contested in good faith and by appropriate proceedings diligently conducted, if adequate reserves with respect thereto are maintained on the books of the applicable Person in accordance with GAAP, in each case so long as such Liens do not individually or in the aggregate have a Material Adverse Effect;

 

(c)           Liens incurred or deposits made in the ordinary course of business (i) in connection with workers’ compensation, unemployment insurance and other social security legislation and (ii) securing liability for reimbursement or indemnification obligations of (including obligations in respect of letters of credit or bank guarantees for the benefit of) insurance carriers providing property, casualty or liability insurance to Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary;

 

(d)           Liens incurred or deposits made to secure the performance of bids, trade contracts, governmental contracts and leases, statutory obligations, surety, stay, customs and appeal bonds, performance bonds and other obligations of a like nature (including those to secure health, safety and environmental obligations), in each case incurred in the ordinary course of business;

 

(e)           easements, rights-of-way, restrictions, encroachments, protrusions and other similar encumbrances and minor title defects affecting real property that, in the aggregate, do not in any case materially interfere with the ordinary conduct of the business of Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries, taken as a whole;

 

(f)            Liens securing, or otherwise arising from, judgments not constituting an Event of Default under Section 7.01(j);

 

(g)           Liens on goods the purchase price of which is financed by a documentary letter of credit issued for the account of the Borrower or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries; provided that such Lien secures only the obligations of the Borrower or such Restricted Subsidiaries in respect of such letter of credit to the extent such obligations are permitted by Section 6.01; and

 

(h)           Liens arising from precautionary Uniform Commercial Code financing statements or similar filings made in respect of operating leases entered into by the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries;

 

provided that the term “Permitted Encumbrances” shall not include any Lien securing Indebtedness other than Liens referred to in clause (c) above securing obligations under letters of credit or bank guarantees and in clause (g) above.

 

Permitted First Priority Refinancing Debt” means any secured Indebtedness incurred by the Borrower in the form of one or more series of senior secured notes; provided that (i) such Indebtedness is secured by the Collateral on a pari passu basis (but without regard to the control of remedies) with the Loan Document Obligations and is not secured by any property or assets of Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower or any Subsidiary other than the Collateral, (ii) such Indebtedness constitutes Credit Agreement Refinancing Indebtedness, (iii) such Indebtedness does not mature or have

 

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scheduled amortization or payments of principal and is not subject to mandatory redemption, repurchase, prepayment or sinking fund obligation (except customary asset sale or change of control provisions), in each case prior to the date that is 91 days after the Latest Maturity Date at the time such Indebtedness is incurred, (iv) the security agreements relating to such Indebtedness are substantially the same as the Security Documents (with such differences as are reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent), (v) such Indebtedness is not at any time guaranteed by any Subsidiaries other than the Subsidiary Loan Parties and (vi) a Senior Representative acting on behalf of the holders of such Indebtedness shall have become party to the First Lien Intercreditor Agreement; provided that if such Indebtedness is the initial Permitted First Priority Refinancing Debt incurred by the Borrower, then the Borrower, the Subsidiary Loan Parties, the Administrative Agent and the Senior Representative for such Indebtedness shall have executed and delivered the First Lien Intercreditor Agreement.  Permitted First Priority Refinancing Debt will include any Registered Equivalent Notes issued in exchange therefor.

 

Permitted Holders” means the Sponsor and the VV Holders.

 

Permitted Holdings Debt” has the meaning specified in Section 6.01(a)(xix).

 

Permitted Investments” means any of the following, to the extent owned by Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary:

 

(a)           dollars, euro or such other currencies held by it from time to time in the ordinary course of business;

 

(b)           readily marketable obligations issued or directly and fully guaranteed or insured by the government or any agency or instrumentality of (i) the United States or (ii) any member nation of the European Union, having average maturities of not more than 12 months from the date of acquisition thereof; provided that the full faith and credit of the United States or a member nation of the European Union is pledged in support thereof;

 

(c)           time deposits with, or insured certificates of deposit or bankers’ acceptances of, any commercial bank that (i) is a Lender or (ii) has combined capital and surplus of at least $250,000,000 (any such bank in the foregoing clauses (i) or (ii) being an “Approved Bank”), in each case with average maturities of not more than 12 months from the date of acquisition thereof;

 

(d)           commercial paper and variable or fixed rate notes issued by an Approved Bank (or by the parent company thereof) or any variable or fixed rate note issued by, or guaranteed by, a corporation rated A-2 (or the equivalent thereof) or better by S&P or P-2 (or the equivalent thereof) or better by Moody’s, in each case with average maturities of not more than 12 months from the date of acquisition thereof;

 

(e)           repurchase agreements entered into by any Person with an Approved Bank, a bank or trust company (including any of the Lenders) or recognized securities dealer, in each case, having capital and surplus in excess of $250,000,000 for direct obligations issued by or fully guaranteed or insured by the government or any agency or instrumentality of (i) the United States or (ii) any member nation of the European Union

 

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(other than Greece), in which such Person shall have a perfected first priority security interest (subject to no other Liens) and having, on the date of purchase thereof, a fair market value of at least 100% of the amount of the repurchase obligations;

 

(f)            marketable short-term money market and similar highly liquid funds either (i) having assets in excess of $250,000,000 or (ii) having a rating of at least A-2 or P-2 from either S&P or Moody’s (or, if at any time neither S&P nor Moody’s shall be rating such obligations, an equivalent rating from another nationally recognized rating service);

 

(g)           securities with average maturities of 12 months or less from the date of acquisition issued or fully guaranteed by any state, commonwealth or territory of the United States or by any political subdivision or taxing authority of any such state, commonwealth or territory, in each case having an investment grade rating from either S&P or Moody’s (or the equivalent thereof);

 

(h)           investments with average maturities of 12 months or less from the date of acquisition in mutual funds rated AAA- (or the equivalent thereof) or better by S&P or Aaa3 (or the equivalent thereof) or better by Moody’s;

 

(i)            instruments equivalent to those referred to in clauses (a) through (h) above denominated in euros or any other foreign currency comparable in credit quality and tenor to those referred to above and customarily used by corporations for cash management purposes in any jurisdiction outside the United States to the extent reasonably required in connection with any business conducted by any Restricted Subsidiary organized in such jurisdiction; and

 

(j)            investments, classified in accordance with GAAP as current assets of Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary, in money market investment programs that are registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 or that are administered by financial institutions having capital of at least $250,000,000, and, in either case, the portfolios of which are limited such that substantially all of such investments are of the character, quality and maturity described in clauses (a) through (i) of this definition.

 

Permitted Junior Lien Refinancing Debt” means secured Indebtedness incurred by the Borrower in the form of one or more series of junior lien secured notes or junior lien secured loans; provided that (i) such Indebtedness is secured by the Collateral on a “silent” junior lien, subordinated basis to the Secured Obligations and the obligations in respect of any Permitted First Priority Refinancing Debt and is not secured by any property or assets of Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary other than the Collateral, (ii) such Indebtedness constitutes Credit Agreement Refinancing Indebtedness, (iii) such Indebtedness does not mature or have scheduled amortization or payments of principal and is not subject to mandatory redemption, repurchase, prepayment or sinking fund obligation (except customary asset sale or change of control provisions), in each case prior to the date that is 91 days after the Latest Maturity Date at the time such Indebtedness is incurred, (iv) the security agreements relating to such Indebtedness reflect the “silent” junior lien nature of the security interests and are otherwise substantially the same as the Security Documents

 

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(with such differences as are reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent), (v) such Indebtedness is not at any time guaranteed by any Subsidiaries other than the Subsidiary Loan Parties and (vi) a Senior Representative acting on behalf of the holders of such Indebtedness shall have become party to the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement; provided that if such Indebtedness is the initial Permitted Junior Lien Refinancing Debt incurred by the Borrower, then the Borrower, the Subsidiary Loan Parties, the Administrative Agent and the Senior Representatives for such Indebtedness shall have executed and delivered the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement.  Permitted Junior Lien Refinancing Debt will include any Registered Equivalent Notes issued in exchange therefor.

 

Permitted Refinancing” means, with respect to any Person, any modification, refinancing, refunding, renewal or extension of any Indebtedness of such Person; provided that (a) the principal amount (or accreted value, if applicable) thereof does not exceed the principal amount (or accreted value, if applicable) of the Indebtedness so modified, refinanced, refunded, renewed or extended except by an amount equal to unpaid accrued interest and premium thereon plus other amounts paid, and fees and expenses incurred, in connection with such modification, refinancing, refunding, renewal or extension and by an amount equal to any existing commitments unutilized thereunder, (b) other than with respect to a Permitted Refinancing in respect of Indebtedness permitted pursuant to Section 6.01(a)(v), Indebtedness resulting from such modification, refinancing, refunding, renewal or extension has a final maturity date equal to or later than the final maturity date of, and has a Weighted Average Life to Maturity equal to or greater than the Weighted Average Life to Maturity of, the Indebtedness being modified, refinanced, refunded, renewed or extended, (c) immediately after giving effect thereto, no Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, (d) if the Indebtedness being modified, refinanced, refunded, renewed or extended is subordinated in right of payment or lien priority to the Loan Document Obligations, Indebtedness resulting from such modification, refinancing, refunding, renewal or extension is subordinated in right of payment or lien priority, as applicable, to the Loan Document Obligations on terms at least as favorable to the Lenders as those contained in the documentation governing the Indebtedness being modified, refinanced, refunded, renewed or extended and (e) if the Indebtedness being modified, refinanced, refunded, renewed or extended is permitted pursuant to Section 6.01(a)(ii), (a)(xx) or (a)(xxi) or is otherwise a Junior Financing, (i) the terms and conditions (including, if applicable, as to collateral but excluding as to subordination, interest rate (including whether such interest is payable in cash or in kind) and redemption premium) of Indebtedness resulting from such modification, refinancing, refunding, renewal or extension are not, taken as a whole, materially less favorable to the Loan Parties or the Lenders than the terms and conditions of the Indebtedness being modified, refinanced, refunded, renewed or extended; provided that a certificate of a Responsible Officer shall be delivered to the Administrative Agent at least five Business Days prior to such modification, refinancing, refunding, renewal or extension, together with a reasonably detailed description of the material terms and conditions of such resulting Indebtedness or drafts of the documentation relating thereto, stating that the Borrower has determined in good faith that such terms and conditions satisfy the foregoing requirements and (ii) the primary obligor in respect of, and the Persons (if any) that Guarantee, Indebtedness resulting from such modification, refinancing, refunding, renewal or extension are the primary obligor in respect of, and Persons (if any) that Guaranteed, respectively, the Indebtedness being modified, refinanced, refunded,

 

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renewed or extended.  For the avoidance of doubt, it is understood that a Permitted Refinancing may constitute a portion of an issuance of Indebtedness in excess of the amount of such Permitted Refinancing; provided that such excess amount is otherwise permitted to be incurred under Section 6.01.

 

Permitted Tax Distributions” means, collectively distributions to the members of Holdings in cash in an amount up to (i) in the case of payments in respect of a Tax Estimation Period, the excess of (A)(I) the Company Income Amount for the Tax Estimation Period in question and for all preceding Tax Estimation Periods, if any, within the Taxable Year containing such Tax Estimation Period multiplied by (II) the Assumed Tax Rate over (B) the aggregate amount of any distributions made with respect to any previous Tax Estimation Period falling in the Taxable Year containing the applicable Tax Estimation Period referred to in (A)(I), and (ii) after the end of a Taxable Year, the excess, if any, of (A)(I) the Taxable Year Income Amount for the Taxable Year in question multiplied by (II) the Assumed Tax Rate over (B) the aggregate amount of any Permitted Tax Distributions under clause (i) made with respect to the Tax Estimation Periods in such Taxable Year; provided that if the amount payable in connection with a Tax Estimation Period under clause (i) is less than the aggregate required annualized installment for all members of Holdings for the estimated payment date for such Tax Estimation Period under Section 6655(e) of the Code (calculated assuming (x) all such members are corporations (other than with respect to the Assumed Tax Rate) and Section 6655(e)(2)(C)(ii) is in effect, (y) such members’ only income is from Holdings (determined without regard to any adjustments under Code Sections 743(b) or 704(c)) and (z) the Assumed Tax Rate applies), Holdings shall be permitted to pay an additional amount with respect to such estimated payment date equal to the excess of such aggregate required annualized installment over the amount permitted under clause (i).

 

Permitted Unsecured Refinancing Debt” means unsecured Indebtedness incurred by the Borrower or any Subsidiary Loan Party in the form of one or more series of senior unsecured notes or loans; provided that (i) such Indebtedness constitutes Credit Agreement Refinancing Indebtedness, (ii) such Indebtedness does not mature or have scheduled amortization or payments of principal and is not subject to mandatory redemption, repurchase, prepayment or sinking fund obligation (except customary asset sale or change of control provisions), in each case prior to the date that is 91 days after the Latest Maturity Date at the time such Indebtedness is incurred, (iii) such Indebtedness is not at any time guaranteed by any Subsidiaries other than Loan Parties and (iv) such Indebtedness (including any Guarantee thereof) is not secured by any Lien on any property or assets of Holdings, Intermediate Parent, the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary.  Permitted Unsecured Refinancing Debt will include any Registered Equivalent Notes issued in exchange therefor.

 

Person” means any natural person, corporation, limited liability company, trust, joint venture, association, company, partnership, Governmental Authority or other entity.

 

Plan” means any employee pension benefit plan (other than a Multiemployer Plan) subject to the provisions of Title IV of ERISA or Section 412 of the Code or Section 302 of ERISA, and in respect of which the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate is (or, if such plan were terminated, would under Section 4069 of ERISA be deemed to be) an “employer” as defined in Section 3(5) of ERISA.

 

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Platform” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 5.01.

 

Post-Transaction Period” means, with respect to any Specified Transaction, the period beginning on the date such Specified Transaction is consummated and ending on the last day of the fourth full consecutive fiscal quarter immediately following the date on which such Specified Transaction is consummated.

 

Pre-IPO Period” means the period beginning immediately prior to pricing of an IPO and ending substantially concurrently with the consummation of an IPO.

 

Prepayment Event” means:

 

(a)           any sale, transfer or other disposition (including (x) pursuant to a sale and leaseback transaction, (y) by way of merger or consolidation and (z) any casualty or other insured damage to, or any taking under power of eminent domain or by condemnation or similar proceeding) of any property or asset of Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries permitted by Section 6.05(f), (j), (k), (m) or (n) other than dispositions resulting in aggregate Net Proceeds not exceeding (A) $5,000,000 in the case of any single transaction or series of related transactions and (B) $10,000,000 for all such transactions during any fiscal year of the Borrower; or

 

(b)           the incurrence by the Borrower or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries of any Indebtedness, other than Indebtedness permitted under Section 6.01 (other than Permitted Unsecured Refinancing Debt, Permitted First Priority Refinancing Debt, Permitted Junior Lien Refinancing Debt and Other Term Loans which shall constitute a Prepayment Event to the extent required by the definition of “Credit Agreement Refinancing Indebtedness”) or permitted by the Required Lenders pursuant to Section 9.02.

 

Prime Rate” means the rate of interest per annum announced from time to time by Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch (or any successor to Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch in its capacity as Administrative Agent) as its prime commercial lending rate in effect at its principal office in New York City.  The Prime Rate is a reference rate and does not necessarily represent the lowest or best rate actually charged to any customer.

 

Pro Forma Adjustment” means, for any Test Period that includes all or any part of a fiscal quarter included in any Post-Transaction Period with respect to the Acquired EBITDA of the applicable Pro Forma Entity or the Consolidated EBITDA of the Borrower, the pro forma increase or decrease in such Acquired EBITDA or such Consolidated EBITDA, as the case may be, projected by the Borrower in good faith as a result of (a) actions taken, prior to or during such Post-Transaction Period, for the purposes of realizing reasonably identifiable and quantifiable cost savings, or (b) any additional costs incurred prior to or during such Post-Transaction Period in connection with the combination of the operations of such Pro Forma Entity with the operations of the Borrower and the Restricted Subsidiaries; provided that (A) so long as such actions are taken prior to or during such Post-Transaction Period or such costs are incurred prior to or during such Post-Transaction Period, it may be assumed, for purposes of projecting

 

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such pro forma increase or decrease to such Acquired EBITDA or such Consolidated EBITDA, as the case may be, that such cost savings will be realizable during the entirety of such Test Period, or such additional costs will be incurred during the entirety of such Test Period, (B) not more than 15% of Consolidated EBITDA shall be attributable to the Pro Forma Adjustment for any Test Period and (C) any such pro forma increase or decrease to such Acquired EBITDA or such Consolidated EBITDA, as the case may be, shall be without duplication for cost savings or additional costs already included in such Acquired EBITDA or such Consolidated EBITDA, as the case may be, for such Test Period.

 

Pro Forma Basis,” “Pro Forma Compliance” and “Pro Forma Effect” means, with respect to compliance with any test or covenant hereunder required by the terms of this Agreement to be made on a Pro Forma Basis, that (a) to the extent applicable, the Pro Forma Adjustment shall have been made and (b) all Specified Transactions and the following transactions in connection therewith shall be deemed to have occurred as of the first day of the applicable period of measurement in such test or covenant: (i) income statement items (whether positive or negative) attributable to the property or Person subject to such Specified Transaction, (A) in the case of a Disposition of all or substantially all Equity Interests in any subsidiary of Holdings or any division, product line, or facility used for operations of Holdings, the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries, shall be excluded and (B) in the case of a Permitted Acquisition or Investment described in the definition of “Specified Transaction,” shall be included, (ii) any retirement of Indebtedness, and (iii) any Indebtedness incurred or assumed by Holdings, the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries in connection therewith and if such Indebtedness has a floating or formula rate, shall have an implied rate of interest for the applicable period for purposes of this definition determined by utilizing the rate that is or would be in effect with respect to such Indebtedness as at the relevant date of determination; provided that, without limiting the application of the Pro Forma Adjustment pursuant to clause (a) above, the foregoing pro forma adjustments may be applied to any such test or covenant solely to the extent that such adjustments are consistent with the definition of Consolidated EBITDA and give effect to operating expense reductions that are (i) (x) directly attributable to such transaction, (y) expected to have a continuing impact on Holdings, the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries and (z) factually supportable or (ii) otherwise consistent with the definition of Pro Forma Adjustment, provided further that (1) any determination of Pro Forma Compliance required at any time prior to December 31, 2013, shall be made assuming that compliance with the minimum Interest Coverage Ratio and maximum Total Net Leverage Ratio set forth in Sections 6.12 and 6.13, as applicable, for the Test Period ending on December 31, 2013, is required with respect to the most recent Test Period prior to such time and (2) all pro forma adjustments made pursuant to this definition (including the Pro Forma Adjustment) with respect to the Transactions shall be consistent in character and amount with the adjustments reflected in the Pro Forma Financial Statements.

 

Pro Forma Disposal Adjustment” means, for any Test Period that includes all or a portion of a fiscal quarter included in any Post-Transaction Period with respect to any Sold Entity or Business or Converted Unrestricted Subsidiary, the pro forma increase or decrease in Consolidated EBITDA projected by the Borrower in good faith as a result of contractual arrangements between the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary entered into with such Sold Entity or Business or Converted Unrestricted Subsidiary at the time

 

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of its disposal or conversion within the Post-Transaction Period and which represent an increase or decrease in Consolidated EBITDA which is incremental to the Disposed EBITDA of such Sold Entity or Business or Converted Unrestricted Subsidiary for the most recent four quarter period prior to its disposal or conversion.

 

Pro Forma Entity” has the meaning given to such term in the definition of “Acquired EBITDA.”

 

Proposed Change” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 9.02(c).

 

Public Lender” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 5.01.

 

Qualified Equity Interests” means Equity Interests of a Person other than Disqualified Equity Interests of such Person.

 

Qualifying IPO” means an IPO that results in at least $100,000,000 of gross cash proceeds (whether on a primary or secondary basis).

 

Qualifying Lender” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.09(a)(ii)(D)

 

Reaffirmation Agreement” means a Reaffirmation Agreement executed by each Loan Party on the Closing Date in favor of the Administrative Agent and the Lenders, substantially in the form of Exhibit B.

 

Refinanced Debt” has the meaning assigned to such term in the definition of “Credit Agreement Refinancing Indebtedness.”

 

Refinancing” means the repayment of all the existing Indebtedness outstanding under the Existing Credit Agreement (after giving effect to the Existing Lenders Agreement).

 

Refinancing Amendment” means an amendment to this Agreement in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and the Borrower executed by each of (a) the Borrower and Holdings, (b) the Administrative Agent and (c) each Additional Lender and Lender that agrees to provide any portion of the Credit Agreement Refinancing Indebtedness being incurred pursuant thereto, in accordance with Section 2.19.

 

Register” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 9.04(b).

 

Registered Equivalent Notes” means, with respect to any notes originally issued in a Rule 144A or other private placement transaction under the Securities Act of 1933, substantially identical notes (having the same Guarantees) issued in a dollar-for-dollar exchange therefor pursuant to an exchange offer registered with the SEC.

 

Regulated Subsidiary” means any Broker-Dealer Subsidiary or other Subsidiary subject to regulation of capital adequacy.

 

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Regulatory Supervising Organization” means any of (a) the SEC, (b) the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, (c) the Chicago Stock Exchange, (d) the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, (e) state securities commissions, (f) the Irish Financial Regulator and (g) any other U.S. or foreign governmental or self-regulatory organization, exchange, clearing house or financial regulatory authority of which any Subsidiary is a member or to whose rules it is subject.

 

Related Parties” means, with respect to any specified Person, such Person’s Affiliates and the partners, directors, officers, employees, trustees, agents, controlling persons, advisors and other representatives of such Person and of each of such Person’s Affiliates and permitted successors and assigns.

 

Release” means any release, spill, emission, leaking, dumping, injection, pouring, deposit, disposal, discharge, dispersal, leaching or migration into or through the environment (including ambient air, surface water, groundwater, land surface or subsurface strata) and including the environment within any building, or any occupied structure, facility or fixture.

 

Released Subsidiary” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 6.14(b).

 

Repricing Transaction” means the prepayment or refinancing of all or a portion of the Term Loans with the incurrence by any Loan Party of any long term bank debt financing incurred for the primary purpose of repaying, refinancing, substituting or replacing the Term Loans and having an effective interest cost or weighted average yield (as determined by the Administrative Agent consistent with generally accepted financial practice and, in any event, excluding any arrangement or commitment fees in connection therewith) that is less than the interest rate for or weighted average yield (as determined by the Administrative Agent on the same basis) of the Term Loans, including without limitation, as may be effected through any amendment to this Agreement relating to the interest rate for, or weighted average yield of, the Term Loans.

 

Required Lenders” means, at any time, Lenders having Loans and unused Commitments representing more than 50% of the aggregate Loans and unused Commitments at such time; provided that to the extent set forth in Section 9.02, the Term Loans and unused Commitments of the Borrower or any Affiliate thereof shall in each case be excluded for purposes of making a determination of Required Lenders.

 

Requirements of Law” means, with respect to any Person, any statutes, laws (common, statutory or otherwise), treaties, rules, regulations (including any official interpretations thereof), orders, decrees, writs, injunctions or determinations of any arbitrator or court or other Governmental Authority or Regulatory Supervising Organization, in each case applicable to or binding upon such Person or any of its property or to which such Person or any of its property is subject.

 

Responsible Officer” means the chief executive officer, chief operating officer, president, vice president, chief financial officer, treasurer or assistant treasurer, or other similar officer, manager or a director of a Loan Party and with respect to certain limited liability companies or partnerships that do not have officers, any manager, sole member, managing member or general partner thereof, and as to any document delivered on the

 

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Closing Date or thereafter pursuant to paragraph (a)(i) of the definition of the term “Collateral and Guarantee Requirement,” any secretary or assistant secretary of a Loan Party.  Any document delivered hereunder that is signed by a Responsible Officer of a Loan Party shall be conclusively presumed to have been authorized by all necessary corporate, partnership and/or other action on the part of such Loan Party and such Responsible Officer shall be conclusively presumed to have acted on behalf of such Loan Party.

 

Restricted Payment” means any dividend or other distribution (whether in cash, securities or other property) with respect to any Equity Interests in Holdings, the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary or any Intermediate Parent, or any payment (whether in cash, securities or other property), including any sinking fund or similar deposit, on account of the purchase, redemption, retirement, acquisition, cancellation or termination of any Equity Interests in Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary or any option, warrant or other right to acquire any such Equity Interests in Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary.

 

Restricted Subsidiary” means any Subsidiary other than an Unrestricted Subsidiary.

 

S&P” means Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., and any successor to its rating agency business.

 

SEC” means the Securities and Exchange Commission or any Governmental Authority succeeding to any of its principal functions.

 

Secured Obligations” has the meaning assigned to such term in the Collateral Agreement.

 

Secured Parties” has the meaning assigned to such term in the Collateral Agreement.

 

Security Documents” means the Collateral Agreement, the Mortgages and each other security agreement or pledge agreement executed and delivered pursuant to the Collateral and Guarantee Requirement, Section 5.11 or 5.12 to secure any of the Secured Obligations.

 

Senior Representative” means, with respect to any series of Permitted First Priority Refinancing Debt, Permitted Junior Lien Refinancing Debt, secured Indebtedness incurred pursuant to Section 6.01(a)(viii) or secured Additional Notes issued pursuant to Section 6.01(a)(xxii), the trustee, administrative agent, collateral agent, security agent or similar agent under the indenture or agreement pursuant to which such Indebtedness is issued, incurred or otherwise obtained, as the case may be, and each of their successors in such capacities.

 

Sold Entity or Business” has the meaning assigned to such term in the definition of the term “Consolidated EBITDA.”

 

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Solicited Discount Proration” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.09(a)(ii)(D).

 

Solicited Discounted Prepayment Amount” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.09(a)(ii)(D).

 

Solicited Discounted Prepayment Notice” means an irrevocable written notice of a Borrower Solicitation of Discounted Prepayment Offers made pursuant to Section 2.09(a)(ii)(D) substantially in the form of Exhibit M.

 

Solicited Discounted Prepayment Offer” means the irrevocable written offer by each Term Lender, substantially in the form of Exhibit N, submitted following the Administrative Agent’s receipt of a Solicited Discounted Prepayment Notice.

 

Solicited Discounted Prepayment Response Date” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.09(a)(ii)(D).

 

Specified Discount” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.09(a)(ii)(B).

 

Specified Discount Prepayment Amount” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.09(a)(ii)(B).

 

Specified Discount Prepayment Notice” means an irrevocable written notice of a Borrower Offer of Specified Discount Prepayment made pursuant to Section 2.09(a)(ii)(B) substantially in the form of Exhibit I.

 

Specified Discount Prepayment Response” means the irrevocable written response by each Term Lender, substantially in the form of Exhibit J, to a Specified Discount Prepayment Notice.

 

Specified Discount Prepayment Response Date” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.09(a)(ii)(B).

 

Specified Discount Proration” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.09(a)(ii)(B).

 

Specified Transaction” means, with respect to any period, any Investment, sale, transfer or other disposition of assets, incurrence or repayment of Indebtedness, Restricted Payment, subsidiary designation or other event that by the terms of the Loan Documents requires “Pro Forma Compliance” with a test or covenant hereunder or requires such test or covenant to be calculated on a “Pro Forma Basis”.

 

Sponsor” means SLP Virtu Investors, LLC and its Affiliates, other than any portfolio company.

 

Statutory Reserve Rate” means a fraction (expressed as a decimal), the numerator of which is the number one and the denominator of which is the number one minus the aggregate of the maximum reserve percentages (including any marginal,

 

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special, emergency or supplemental reserves) expressed as a decimal established by the Board and any other banking authority, domestic or foreign, to which the Administrative Agent or any Lender (including any branch, Affiliate or other fronting office making or holding a Loan) is subject for Eurocurrency Liabilities (as defined in Regulation D of the Board).  Eurodollar Loans shall be deemed to constitute Eurocurrency Liabilities (as defined in Regulation D of the Board) and to be subject to such reserve requirements without benefit of or credit for proration, exemptions or offsets that may be available from time to time to any Lender under such Regulation D. Statutory Reserve Rates shall be adjusted automatically on and as of the effective date of any change in any reserve percentage.

 

Submitted Amount” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.09(a)(ii)(C).

 

Submitted Discount” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.09(a)(ii)(C).

 

Subordinated Indebtedness” means any Indebtedness that is subordinated in right of payment to the Loan Document Obligations.

 

subsidiary” means, with respect to any Person (the “parent”) at any date, any corporation, limited liability company, partnership, association or other entity the accounts of which would be consolidated with those of the parent in the parent’s consolidated financial statements if such financial statements were prepared in accordance with GAAP, as well as any other corporation, limited liability company, partnership, association or other entity (a) of which securities or other ownership interests representing more than 50% of the equity or more than 50% of the ordinary voting power or, in the case of a partnership, more than 50% of the general partnership interests are, as of such date, owned, controlled or held, or (b) that is, as of such date, otherwise Controlled, by the parent or one or more subsidiaries of the parent or by the parent and one or more subsidiaries of the parent.

 

Subsidiary” means any subsidiary of the Borrower.

 

Subsidiary Loan Party” means each Subsidiary of the Borrower that is a party to the Guarantee Agreement (other than VFGM).

 

Successor Borrower” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 6.03(a)(iv).

 

Successor Holdings” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 6.03(a)(v).

 

Swap Agreement” means any agreement with respect to any swap, forward, future or derivative transaction or option or similar agreement or contract involving, or settled by reference to, one or more rates, currencies, commodities, equity or debt instruments or securities, or economic, financial or pricing indices or measures of economic, financial or pricing risk or value or any similar transaction or any combination of these transactions; provided that no phantom stock or similar plan providing for

 

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payments only on account of services provided by current or former directors, officers, employees or consultants of Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower or the other Subsidiaries shall be a Swap Agreement.

 

Tax Estimation Period” means each period (determined without regard to any prior periods) for which an estimate of corporate federal income tax liability is required to be made under the Code.

 

Taxable Year” means Holdings’ taxable year ending on the last day of each calendar year (or part thereof, in the case of Holdings’ last taxable year), or such other year as is (i) required by Section 706 of the Code or (ii) determined by the Board of Managers of Holdings.

 

Taxable Year Income Amount” means, for a Taxable Year, an amount equal to the net taxable income of Holdings for such Taxable Year.  For purposes of calculating the Taxable Year Income Amount, items of income, gain, loss and deduction resulting from adjustments to the tax basis of Holdings’ assets pursuant to Code Section 743(b) and adjustments pursuant to Code Section 704(c) shall not be taken into account.

 

Taxes” means any and all present or future taxes, levies, imposts, duties, deductions, charges or withholdings imposed by any Governmental Authority, including any interest, additions to tax or penalties applicable thereto.

 

Term Commitment” means, with respect to each Lender, the commitment, if any, of such Lender to make a Term Loan hereunder on the Closing Date, expressed as an amount representing the maximum principal amount of the Term Loan to be made by such Lender hereunder, as such commitment may be (a) reduced from time to time pursuant to Section 2.06 and (b) reduced or increased from time to time pursuant to assignments by or to such Lender pursuant to an Assignment and Assumption.  The amount of each Lender’s Term Commitment as of the Closing Date is set forth on Schedule 2.01 or in the Assignment and Assumption pursuant to which such Lender shall have assumed its Term Commitment, as the case may be.

 

Term Lender” means a Lender with a Term Commitment or an outstanding Term Loan.

 

Term Loans” means Loans made pursuant to Section 2.01, Other Term Loans and loans made pursuant to an Incremental Term Facility, as the context requires.

 

Term Maturity Date” means November 8, 2019 (or, with respect to any Term Lender that has extended the maturity date of its Term Loans pursuant to Section 2.19(b), the extended maturity date set forth in the Extension Notice delivered by the Borrower and such Term Lender to the Administrative Agent pursuant to Section 2.19(b)).

 

Test Period” means, as of any date of determination, the period of four consecutive fiscal quarters of the Borrower then most recently ended.

 

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Total Net Leverage Ratio” means, on any date, the ratio of (a) Consolidated Total Net Debt as of such date to (b) Consolidated EBITDA for the Test Period most recently ended.

 

Total Leverage Ratio” means, on any date, the ratio of (a) Consolidated Total Debt as of such date to (b) Consolidated EBITDA for the Test Period most recently ended.

 

Trading Debt” means any margin facility or other margin-related Indebtedness or any other Indebtedness incurred exclusively to finance the securities, derivatives, commodities or futures trading positions and related assets and liabilities of the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries, including, without limitation, any collateralized loan, any obligations under any securities lending and/or borrowing facility and any day loans and overnight loans with settlement banks and prime brokers to finance securities, derivatives, commodities or futures trading positions and margin loans.

 

Transaction Costs” means all fees, costs and expenses incurred or payable by Holdings, the Borrower or any other Subsidiary in connection with the Transactions.

 

Transactions” means (a) the Financing Transactions, (b) the Refinancing and (c) the payment of the Transaction Costs.

 

Type,” when used in reference to any Loan or Borrowing, refers to whether the rate of interest on such Loan, or on the Loans comprising such Borrowing, is determined by reference to the Adjusted LIBO Rate or the Alternate Base Rate.`

 

Unrestricted Subsidiary” means any Subsidiary designated by the Borrower as an Unrestricted Subsidiary pursuant to Section 5.13 subsequent to the Closing Date.

 

USA Patriot Act” means the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001, as amended from time to time.

 

Viola Members” means (i) Vincent Viola, (ii) Virtu Financial Holdings LLC, (iii) Virtu Holdings LLC, (iv) VV Investment LLC, (v) any immediate family member of Vincent Viola, a trust, family-partnership or estate-planning vehicle solely for the benefit of Vincent Viola and/or any of his immediate family members and (vi) any other Affiliate of Vincent Viola or any other VV Holder; provided, in the case of the entities described in clauses (ii) through (vi) of this definition, at least 90% of the economic and voting interest in the Equity Interests of such entity at all relevant times are directly or indirectly beneficially owned and controlled by (x) Vincent Viola and/or immediate family members of Vincent Viola (which for this purpose will include any sibling of Teresa Viola) and/or (y) any trust, family partnership or other estate planning vehicle established solely for the benefit of Vincent Viola’s immediate family members (provided that (1) Vincent Viola and/or his immediate family members are the sole beneficiaries thereof and (2) for as long as Vincent Viola has not died or become permanently disabled (x) voting control over such entity (or over a sufficient number of the members, partners and/or shareholders of such entity who have the right, collectively, to remove the Persons controlling such entity) must be directly or indirectly held by Vincent Viola and/or (y)

 

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Vincent Viola directly or indirectly has the right to remove and replace the trustee, managing member or other Person controlling such entity or controlling a sufficient number of the members, partners and/or shareholders of such entity who have the right, collectively, to remove the Persons controlling such entity).

 

VFGM” means Virtu Financial Global Markets LLC, a Delaware limited liability company.

 

VV Holders” means Vincent Viola and the other Viola Members.

 

Weighted Average Life to Maturity” means, when applied to any Indebtedness at any date, the number of years obtained by dividing:  (a) the sum of the products obtained by multiplying (i) the amount of each then remaining installment, sinking fund, serial maturity or other required payments of principal, including payment at final maturity, in respect thereof, by (ii) the number of years (calculated to the nearest one-twelfth) that will elapse between such date and the making of such payment; by (b) the then outstanding principal amount of such Indebtedness.

 

Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiary” means any Restricted Subsidiary that is a Wholly Owned Subsidiary.

 

Wholly Owned Subsidiary” means, with respect to any Person at any date, a subsidiary of such Person of which securities or other ownership interests representing 100% of the Equity Interests (other than (a) directors’ qualifying shares and (b) nominal shares issued to foreign nationals to the extent required by applicable Requirements of Law) are, as of such date, owned, controlled or held by such Person or one or more Wholly Owned Subsidiaries of such Person or by such Person and one or more Wholly Owned Subsidiaries of such Person.

 

Withdrawal Liability” means liability to a Multiemployer Plan as a result of a complete or partial withdrawal from such Multiemployer Plan, as such terms are defined in Part I of Subtitle E of Title IV of ERISA.

 

Section 1.02.  Classification of Loans and Borrowings.  For purposes of this Agreement, Loans and Borrowings may be classified and referred to by Class (e.g., a “Term Loan”) or by Type (e.g., a “Eurodollar Loan”) or by Class and Type (e.g., a “Eurodollar Term Loan”).  Borrowings also may be classified and referred to by Class (e.g., a “Term Borrowing”) or by Type (e.g., a “Eurodollar Borrowing”) or by Class and Type (e.g., a “Eurodollar Term Borrowing”).

 

Section 1.03.  Terms Generally.  The definitions of terms herein shall apply equally to the singular and plural forms of the terms defined.  Whenever the context may require, any pronoun shall include the corresponding masculine, feminine and neuter forms.  The words “include,” “includes” and “including” shall be deemed to be followed by the phrase “without limitation.”  The word “will” shall be construed to have the same meaning and effect as the word “shall.”  Unless the context requires otherwise, (a) any definition of or reference to any agreement (including this Agreement and the other Loan Documents), instrument or other document herein shall be construed as referring to such agreement, instrument or other document as from time to time amended, amended and

 

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restated, supplemented or otherwise modified (subject to any restrictions on such amendments, supplements or modifications set forth herein), (b) any reference herein to any Person shall be construed to include such Person’s successors and assigns (subject to any restrictions on assignment set forth herein) and, in the case of any Governmental Authority or Regulatory Supervising Organization, any other Governmental Authority or Regulatory Supervising Organization that shall have succeeded to any or all functions thereof, (c) the words “herein,” “hereof” and “hereunder,” and words of similar import, shall be construed to refer to this Agreement in its entirety and not to any particular provision hereof, (d) all references herein to Articles, Sections, Exhibits and Schedules shall be construed to refer to Articles and Sections of, and Exhibits and Schedules to, this Agreement and (e) the words “asset” and “property” shall be construed to have the same meaning and effect and to refer to any and all tangible and intangible assets and properties, including cash, securities, accounts and contract rights.

 

Section 1.04.  Accounting Terms; GAAP.  Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, all terms of an accounting or financial nature shall be construed in accordance with GAAP, as in effect from time to time; provided, however, that if the Borrower notifies the Administrative Agent that the Borrower requests an amendment to any provision (including any definitions) hereof to eliminate the effect of any change occurring after the Closing Date in GAAP or in the application thereof on the operation of such provision (or if the Administrative Agent notifies the Borrower that the Required Lenders request an amendment to any provision hereof for such purpose), regardless of whether any such notice is given before or after such change in GAAP or in the application thereof, then such provision shall be interpreted on the basis of GAAP as in effect and applied immediately before such change shall have become effective until such notice shall have been withdrawn or such provision amended in accordance herewith. Notwithstanding any other provision contained herein, all terms of an accounting or financial nature used herein shall be construed, and all computations of amounts and ratios referred to herein shall be made, without giving effect to any election under Financial Accounting Standards Accounting Standards Codification No. 825, “Financial Instruments”, or any successor thereto (including pursuant to the Accounting Standards Codification), to value any Indebtedness of Holdings, the Borrower or any Subsidiary at “fair value”, as defined therein.

 

Section 1.05.  Effectuation of Transactions.  All references herein to Holdings, the Borrower and the other Subsidiaries shall be deemed to be references to such Persons, and all the representations and warranties of Holdings, the Borrower and the other Loan Parties contained in this Agreement and the other Loan Documents shall be deemed made, in each case, after giving effect to the Transactions to occur on the Closing Date, unless the context otherwise requires.

 

Section 1.06.  Currency Translation.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, for purposes of any determination under Article 5, Article 6 (other than Sections 6.12 and 6.13) or Article 7 or any determination under any other provision of this Agreement expressly requiring the use of a current exchange rate, all amounts incurred, outstanding or proposed to be incurred or outstanding in currencies other than dollars shall be translated into dollars at currency exchange rates in effect on the date of such determination; provided, however, that for purposes of determining compliance with

 

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Article 6 with respect to the amount of any Indebtedness, Investment, Disposition or Restricted Payment in a currency other than dollars, no Default or Event of Default shall be deemed to have occurred solely as a result of changes in rates of exchange occurring after the time such Indebtedness or Investment is incurred or Disposition or Restricted Payment made; provided that, for the avoidance of doubt, the foregoing provisions of this Section 1.06 shall otherwise apply to such Sections, including with respect to determining whether any Indebtedness or Investment may be incurred or Disposition or Restricted Payment made at any time under such Sections.  For purposes of Sections 6.12 and 6.13, amounts in currencies other than dollars shall be translated into dollars at the currency exchange rates used in preparing the most recently delivered financial statements pursuant to Section 5.01(a) or (b).

 

ARTICLE 2
THE CREDITS

 

Section 2.01.  Commitments.  Subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, each Term Lender agrees to make a Term Loan to the Borrower on the Closing Date in a principal amount not exceeding its Term Commitment.  Amounts repaid or prepaid in respect of Term Loans may not be reborrowed.

 

Section 2.02.  Loans and Borrowings.

 

(a)        Each Loan shall be made as part of a Borrowing consisting of Loans of the same Class and Type made by the Lenders ratably in accordance with their respective Commitments of the applicable Class.  The failure of any Lender to make any Loan required to be made by it shall not relieve any other Lender of its obligations hereunder, provided that the Commitments of the Lenders are several and no Lender shall be responsible for any other Lender’s failure to make Loans as required hereby.

 

(b)        Subject to Section 2.12, each Borrowing shall be comprised entirely of ABR Loans or Eurodollar Loans as the Borrower may request in accordance herewith; provided that all Borrowings made on the Closing Date must be made as ABR Borrowings unless the Borrower shall have given the notice required for a Eurodollar Borrowing under Section 2.03 and provided an indemnity letter extending the benefits of Section 2.14 to Lenders in respect of such Borrowings.  Each Lender at its option may make any Loan by causing any domestic or foreign branch or Affiliate of such Lender to make such Loan; provided that any exercise of such option shall not affect the obligation of the Borrower to repay such Loan in accordance with the terms of this Agreement.

 

(c)        At the commencement of each Interest Period for any Eurodollar Borrowing, such Borrowing shall be in an aggregate amount that is an integral multiple of $1,000,000 and not less than $5,000,000; provided that a Eurodollar Borrowing that results from a continuation of an outstanding Eurodollar Borrowing may be in an aggregate amount that is equal to such outstanding Borrowing.  At the time that each ABR Borrowing is made, such Borrowing shall be in an aggregate amount that is an integral multiple of $1,000,000 and not less than $5,000,000.  Borrowings of more than one Type and Class may be outstanding at the same time; provided that there shall not at any time be more than a total of six Eurodollar Borrowings outstanding.

 

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Section 2.03.  Requests for Borrowings.  To request a Term Borrowing, the Borrower shall notify the Administrative Agent of such request by telephone (a) in the case of a Eurodollar Borrowing, not later than 2:00 p.m., New York City time, three Business Days before the date of the proposed Borrowing (or, in the case of any Eurodollar Borrowing to be made on the Closing Date, such shorter period of time as may be agreed to by the Administrative Agent) or (b) in the case of an ABR Borrowing, not later than 2:00 p.m., New York City time, one Business Day before the date of the proposed Borrowing.  Each such telephonic Borrowing Request shall be irrevocable and shall be confirmed promptly by hand delivery or facsimile to the Administrative Agent of a written Borrowing Request signed by the Borrower.  Each such telephonic and written Borrowing Request shall specify the following information:

 

(i)            the Class of such Borrowing;

 

(ii)           the aggregate amount of such Borrowing;

 

(iii)          the date of such Borrowing, which shall be a Business Day;

 

(iv)          whether such Borrowing is to be an ABR Borrowing or a Eurodollar Borrowing;

 

(v)           in the case of a Eurodollar Borrowing, the initial Interest Period to be applicable thereto, which shall be a period contemplated by the definition of the term “Interest Period”;

 

(vi)          the location and number of the Borrower’s account to which funds are to be disbursed, which shall comply with the requirements of Section 2.04; and

 

(vii)         that as of the date of such Borrowing, all applicable conditions set forth in Section 4.02(a) and Section 4.02(b) are satisfied.

 

If no election as to the Type of Borrowing is specified as to any Borrowing, then the requested Borrowing shall be an ABR Borrowing.  If no Interest Period is specified with respect to any requested Eurodollar Borrowing, then the Borrower shall be deemed to have selected an Interest Period of one month’s duration.  Promptly following receipt of a Borrowing Request in accordance with this Section, the Administrative Agent shall advise each Lender of the applicable Class of the details thereof and of the amount of such Lender’s Loan to be made as part of the requested Borrowing.

 

Section 2.04. Funding of Borrowings.

 

(a)        Each Lender shall make each Loan to be made by it hereunder on the proposed date thereof by wire transfer of immediately available funds in dollars by 12:00 noon, New York City time, to the Applicable Account of the Administrative Agent most recently designated by it for such purpose by notice to the Lenders.  The Administrative Agent will make such Loans available to the Borrower by promptly crediting the amounts so received, in like funds, to an account of the Borrower maintained with the

 

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Administrative Agent in New York City and designated by the Borrower in the applicable Borrowing Request.

 

(b)        Unless the Administrative Agent shall have received notice from a Lender prior to the proposed date of any Borrowing that such Lender will not make available to the Administrative Agent such Lender’s share of such Borrowing, the Administrative Agent may assume that such Lender has made such share available on such date in accordance with paragraph (a) of this Section and may, in reliance on such assumption and in its sole discretion, make available to the Borrower a corresponding amount.  In such event, if a Lender has not in fact made its share of the applicable Borrowing available to the Administrative Agent, then the applicable Lender agrees to pay to the Administrative Agent an amount equal to such share on demand of the Administrative Agent.  If such Lender does not pay such corresponding amount forthwith upon demand of the Administrative Agent therefor, the Administrative Agent shall promptly notify the Borrower, and the Borrower agrees to pay such corresponding amount to the Administrative Agent forthwith on demand.  The Administrative Agent shall also be entitled to recover from such Lender or Borrower interest on such corresponding amount, for each day from and including the date such amount is made available to the Borrower to but excluding the date of payment to the Administrative Agent, at (i) in the case of such Lender, the greater of the Federal Funds Effective Rate and a rate determined by the Administrative Agent in accordance with banking industry rules on interbank compensation or (ii) in the case of the Borrower, the interest rate applicable to such Borrowing in accordance with Section 2.11.  If such Lender pays such amount to the Administrative Agent, then such amount shall constitute such Lender’s Loan included in such Borrowing.

 

(c)        The obligations of the Lenders hereunder to make Loans and to make payments pursuant to Section 9.03(c) are several and not joint.  The failure of any Lender to make any Loan or to make any payment under Section 9.03(c) on any date required hereunder shall not relieve any other Lender of its corresponding obligation to do so on such date, and no Lender shall be responsible for the failure of any other Lender to so make its Loan or to make its payment under Section 9.03(c).

 

(d)           Notwithstanding any other provision contained herein, the obligations of the Term Lenders to make Term Loans to the Borrower on the Closing Date and the obligations of the Administrative Agent to make such Term Loans available to the Borrower shall be subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Existing Lenders Agreement.

 

Section 2.05.  Interest Elections.

 

(a)        Each Borrowing initially shall be of the Type specified in the applicable Borrowing Request or designated by Section 2.03 and, in the case of a Eurodollar Borrowing, shall have an initial Interest Period as specified in such Borrowing Request or designated by Section 2.03.  Thereafter, the Borrower may elect to convert such Borrowing to a different Type or to continue such Borrowing and, in the case of a Eurodollar Borrowing, may elect Interest Periods therefor, all as provided in this Section.  The Borrower may elect different options with respect to different portions of the affected Borrowing, in which case each such portion shall be allocated ratably among the

 

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Lenders holding the Loans comprising such Borrowing, and the Loans comprising each such portion shall be considered a separate Borrowing.

 

(b)        To make an election pursuant to this Section, the Borrower shall notify the Administrative Agent of such election by telephone by the time that a Borrowing Request would be required under Section 2.03 if the Borrower were requesting a Borrowing of the Type resulting from such election to be made on the effective date of such election.  Each such telephonic Interest Election Request shall be irrevocable and shall be confirmed promptly by hand delivery, facsimile or other electronic transmission to the Administrative Agent of a written Interest Election Request signed by the Borrower.

 

(c)        Each telephonic and written Interest Election Request shall specify the following information in compliance with Section 2.03:

 

(i)            the Borrowing to which such Interest Election Request applies and, if different options are being elected with respect to different portions thereof, the portions thereof to be allocated to each resulting Borrowing (in which case the information to be specified pursuant to clauses (iii) and (iv) below shall be specified for each resulting Borrowing);

 

(ii)           the effective date of the election made pursuant to such Interest Election Request, which shall be a Business Day;

 

(iii)          whether the resulting Borrowing is to be an ABR Borrowing or a Eurodollar Borrowing; and

 

(iv)          if the resulting Borrowing is to be a Eurodollar Borrowing, the Interest Period to be applicable thereto after giving effect to such election, which shall be a period contemplated by the definition of the term “Interest Period.”

 

If any such Interest Election Request requests a Eurodollar Borrowing but does not specify an Interest Period, then the Borrower shall be deemed to have selected an Interest Period of one month’s duration.

 

(d)        Promptly following receipt of an Interest Election Request in accordance with this Section, the Administrative Agent shall advise each Lender of the applicable Class of the details thereof and of such Lender’s portion of each resulting Borrowing.

 

(e)        If the Borrower fails to deliver a timely Interest Election Request with respect to a Eurodollar Borrowing prior to the end of the Interest Period applicable thereto, then, unless such Borrowing is repaid as provided herein, at the end of such Interest Period such Borrowing shall be converted to an ABR Borrowing.  Notwithstanding any contrary provision hereof, if an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing and the Administrative Agent, at the request of the Required Lenders, so notifies the Borrower, then, so long as an Event of Default is continuing (i) no outstanding Borrowing may be converted to or continued as a Eurodollar Borrowing and (ii) unless repaid, each Eurodollar Borrowing shall be converted to an ABR Borrowing at the end of the Interest Period applicable thereto.

 

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Section 2.06.  Termination and Reduction of Commitments.

 

(a)        Unless previously terminated, the Term Commitments shall terminate at 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the Closing Date.

 

(b)        The Borrower may at any time terminate, or from time to time reduce, the Commitments of any Class, provided that each reduction of the Commitments of any Class shall be in an amount that is an integral multiple of $500,000 and not less than $1,000,000.

 

(c)        The Borrower shall notify the Administrative Agent of any election to terminate or reduce the Commitments under paragraph (b) of this Section at least three Business Day prior to the effective date of such termination or reduction, specifying such election and the effective date thereof.  Promptly following receipt of any such notice, the Administrative Agent shall advise the Lenders of the contents thereof.  Each notice delivered by the Borrower pursuant to this Section shall be irrevocable.  Any termination or reduction of the Commitments of any Class shall be permanent.  Each reduction of the Commitments of any Class shall be made ratably among the Lenders in accordance with their respective Commitments of such Class.

 

Section 2.07.  Repayment of Loans; Evidence of Debt.

 

(a)        The Borrower hereby unconditionally promises to pay to the Administrative Agent for the account of each Lender the then unpaid principal amount of each Term Loan of such Lender as provided in Section 2.08.

 

(b)        Each Lender shall maintain in accordance with its usual practice an account or accounts evidencing the indebtedness of the Borrower to such Lender resulting from each Loan made by such Lender, including the amounts of principal and interest payable and paid to such Lender from time to time hereunder.

 

(c)        The Administrative Agent shall maintain accounts in which it shall record (i) the amount of each Loan made hereunder, the Class and Type thereof and the Interest Period applicable thereto, (ii) the amount of any principal or interest due and payable or to become due and payable from the Borrower to each Lender hereunder and (iii) the amount of any sum received by the Administrative Agent hereunder for the account of the Lenders and each Lender’s share thereof.

 

(d)        The entries made in the accounts maintained pursuant to paragraph (b) or (c) of this Section shall be prima facie evidence of the existence and amounts of the obligations recorded therein, provided that the failure of any Lender or the Administrative Agent to maintain such accounts or any error therein shall not in any manner affect the obligation of the Borrower to pay any amounts due hereunder in accordance with the terms of this Agreement. In the event of any inconsistency between the entries made pursuant to paragraphs (b) and (c) of this Section, the accounts maintained by the Administrative Agent pursuant to paragraph (c) of this Section shall control.

 

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(e)        Any Lender may request through the Administrative Agent that Loans of any Class made by it be evidenced by a promissory note.  In such event, the Borrower shall execute and deliver to such Lender a promissory note payable to the order of such Lender (or, if requested by such Lender, to such Lender and its registered assigns) and in a form provided by the Administrative Agent and approved by the Borrower.

 

Section 2.08.  Amortization of Term Loans.

 

(a)        Subject to adjustment pursuant to paragraph (c) of this Section, the Borrower shall repay Term Borrowings on the last day of each September, December, March and June (commencing on March 31, 2014) in the principal amount of Term Loans equal to (i) the aggregate outstanding principal amount of Term Loans immediately after closing on the Closing Date multiplied by (ii) 0.25%; provided that if any such date is not a Business Day, such payment shall be due on the next preceding Business Day.

 

(b)        To the extent not previously paid, all Term Loans shall be due and payable on the Term Maturity Date.

 

(c)        Any prepayment of a Term Borrowing of any Class (i) pursuant to Section 2.09(a)(i) shall be applied to reduce the subsequent scheduled and outstanding repayments of the Term Borrowing of such Class to be made pursuant to this Section as directed by the Borrower (and absent such direction in direct order of maturity), (ii) pursuant to Section 2.09(a)(ii) shall be applied as set forth in Section 2.09(a)(ii)(F) and (iii) pursuant to Section 2.09(b) or 2.09(c) shall be applied to reduce the subsequent scheduled and outstanding repayments of the Term Borrowings of such Class to be made pursuant to this Section, or, except as otherwise provided in any Refinancing Amendment, pursuant to the corresponding section of such Refinancing Amendment, in direct order of maturity.

 

(d)        Prior to any repayment of any Term Borrowings of any Class hereunder, the Borrower shall select the Borrowing or Borrowings of the applicable Class to be repaid and shall notify the Administrative Agent by telephone (confirmed by hand delivery or facsimile) of such election not later than 2:00 p.m., New York City time, three Business Day before the scheduled date of such repayment.  In the absence of a designation by the Borrower as described in the preceding sentence, the Administrative Agent shall make such designation in its reasonable discretion with a view, but no obligation, to minimize breakage costs owing under Section 2.14.  Each repayment of a Borrowing shall be applied ratably to the Loans included in the repaid Borrowing.  Repayments of Term Borrowings shall be accompanied by accrued interest on the amount repaid.

 

Section 2.09.  Prepayment of Loans.

 

(a)        (i) The Borrower shall have the right at any time and from time to time to prepay any Borrowing in whole or in part, subject to the requirements of this Section; provided that in the event that, on or prior to the first anniversary of the Closing Date, the Borrower (x) makes any prepayment of Term Loans in connection with any Repricing Transaction, or (y) effects any amendment of this Agreement resulting in a Repricing

 

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Transaction, the Borrower shall pay to the Administrative Agent, for the ratable account of each of the applicable Term Lenders, (I) in the case of clause (x), a prepayment premium of 1% of the amount of the Term Loans being prepaid and (II) in the case of clause (y), a payment equal to 1% of the aggregate amount of the applicable Term Loans outstanding immediately prior to such amendment.

 

(ii)           Notwithstanding anything in any Loan Document to the contrary, so long as no Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Borrower may prepay the outstanding Term Loans on the following basis:

 

(A)         The Borrower shall have the right to make a voluntary prepayment of Term Loans at a discount to par (such prepayment, the “Discounted Term Loan Prepayment”) pursuant to a Borrower Offer of Specified Discount Prepayment, Borrower Solicitation of Discount Range Prepayment Offers or Borrower Solicitation of Discounted Prepayment Offers, in each case made in accordance with this Section 2.09(a)(ii); provided that (x) the Borrower shall not make any borrowing of loans under any Incremental Revolving Facility to fund any Discounted Term Loan Prepayment and (y) the Borrower shall not initiate any action under this Section 2.09(a)(ii) in order to make a Discounted Term Loan Prepayment unless (I) at least ten (10) Business Days shall have passed since the consummation of the most recent Discounted Term Loan Prepayment as a result of a prepayment made by the Borrower on the applicable Discounted Prepayment Effective Date; or (II) at least three (3) Business Days shall have passed since the date the Borrower was notified that no Term Lender was willing to accept any prepayment of any Term Loan and/or Other Term Loan at the Specified Discount, within the Discount Range or at any discount to par value, as applicable, or in the case of Borrower Solicitation of Discounted Prepayment Offers, the date of the Borrower’s election not to accept any Solicited Discounted Prepayment Offers.

 

(B)         (1) Subject to the proviso to subsection (A) above, the Borrower may from time to time offer to make a Discounted Term Loan Prepayment by providing the Auction Agent with four (4) Business Days’ notice in the form of a Specified Discount Prepayment Notice; provided that (I) any such offer shall be made available, at the sole discretion of the Borrower, to each Term Lender and/or each Lender with respect to any Class of Term Loans on an individual tranche basis, (II) any such offer shall specify the aggregate principal amount offered to be prepaid (the “Specified Discount Prepayment Amount”) with respect to each applicable tranche, the tranche or tranches of Term Loans subject to such offer and the specific percentage discount to par (the “Specified Discount”) of such Term Loans to be prepaid (it being understood that different Specified Discounts and/or Specified Discount Prepayment Amounts may be offered with respect to different tranches of Term Loans and, in such an event, each such offer will be treated as a separate offer pursuant to the terms of this Section), (III) the Specified

 

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Discount Prepayment Amount shall be in an aggregate amount not less than $1,000,000 and whole increments of $500,000 in excess thereof and (IV) each such offer shall remain outstanding through the Specified Discount Prepayment Response Date.  The Auction Agent will promptly provide each relevant Term Lender with a copy of such Specified Discount Prepayment Notice and a form of the Specified Discount Prepayment Response to be completed and returned by each such Lender to the Auction Agent (or its delegate) by no later than 5:00 p.m., New York time, on the third Business Day after the date of delivery of such notice to the relevant Term Lenders (the “Specified Discount Prepayment Response Date”).

 

(2)         Each relevant Term Lender receiving such offer shall notify the Auction Agent (or its delegate) by the Specified Discount Prepayment Response Date whether or not it agrees to accept a prepayment of any of its relevant then outstanding Term Loans at the Specified Discount and, if so (such accepting Term Lender, a “Discount Prepayment Accepting Lender”), the amount and the tranches of such Lender’s Term Loans to be prepaid at such offered discount.  Each acceptance of a Discounted Term Loan Prepayment by a Discount Prepayment Accepting Lender shall be irrevocable.  Any Term Lender whose Specified Discount Prepayment Response is not received by the Auction Agent by the Specified Discount Prepayment Response Date shall be deemed to have declined to accept the applicable Borrower Offer of Specified Discount Prepayment.

 

(3)         If there is at least one Discount Prepayment Accepting Lender, the Borrower will make prepayment of outstanding Term Loans pursuant to this paragraph (B) to each Discount Prepayment Accepting Lender in accordance with the respective outstanding amount and tranches of Term Loans specified in such Lender’s Specified Discount Prepayment Response given pursuant to subsection (2); provided that, if the aggregate principal amount of Term Loans accepted for prepayment by all Discount Prepayment Accepting Lenders exceeds the Specified Discount Prepayment Amount, such prepayment shall be made pro-rata among the Discount Prepayment Accepting Lenders in accordance with the respective principal amounts accepted to be prepaid by each such Discount Prepayment Accepting Lender and the Auction Agent (in consultation with the Borrower and subject to rounding requirements of the Auction Agent made in its reasonable discretion) will calculate such proration (the “Specified Discount Proration”).  The Auction Agent shall promptly, and in any case within three (3) Business Days following the Specified Discount Prepayment Response Date,

 

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notify (I) the Borrower of the respective Term Lenders’ responses to such offer, the Discounted Prepayment Effective Date and the aggregate principal amount of the Discounted Term Loan Prepayment and the tranches to be prepaid, (II) each Term Lender of the Discounted Prepayment Effective Date, and the aggregate principal amount and the tranches of Term Loans to be prepaid at the Specified Discount on such date and (III) each Discount Prepayment Accepting Lender of the Specified Discount Proration, if any, and confirmation of the principal amount, tranche and Type of Loans of such Lender to be prepaid at the Specified Discount on such date.  Each determination by the Auction Agent of the amounts stated in the foregoing notices to the Borrower and Lenders shall be conclusive and binding for all purposes absent manifest error.  The payment amount specified in such notice to the Borrower shall be due and payable by the Borrower on the Discounted Prepayment Effective Date in accordance with subsection (F) below (subject to subsection (J) below).

 

(C)         (1) Subject to the proviso to subsection (A) above, the Borrower may from time to time solicit Discount Range Prepayment Offers by providing the Auction Agent with three (3) Business Days’ notice in the form of a Discount Range Prepayment Notice; provided that (I) any such solicitation shall be extended, at the sole discretion of the Borrower, to each Term Lender and/or each Lender with respect to any Class of Loans on an individual tranche basis, (II) any such notice shall specify the maximum aggregate principal amount of the relevant Term Loans (the “Discount Range Prepayment Amount”), the tranche or tranches of Term Loans subject to such offer and the maximum and minimum percentage discounts to par (the “Discount Range”) of the principal amount of such Term Loans with respect to each relevant tranche of Term Loans willing to be prepaid by the Borrower (it being understood that different Discount Ranges and/or Discount Range Prepayment Amounts may be offered with respect to different tranches of Term Loans and, in such an event, each such offer will be treated as a separate offer pursuant to the terms of this Section), (III) the Discount Range Prepayment Amount shall be in an aggregate amount not less than $1,000,000 and whole increments of $500,000 in excess thereof and (IV) each such solicitation by the Borrower shall remain outstanding through the Discount Range Prepayment Response Date.  The Auction Agent will promptly provide each relevant Term Lender with a copy of such Discount Range Prepayment Notice and a form of the Discount Range Prepayment Offer to be submitted by a responding relevant Term Lender to the Auction Agent (or its delegate) by no later than 5:00 p.m., New York time, on the third Business Day after the date of delivery of such notice to the relevant Term Lenders (the “Discount Range Prepayment Response Date”).  Each relevant Term Lender’s Discount Range Prepayment Offer shall be irrevocable and shall specify

 

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a discount to par within the Discount Range (the “Submitted Discount”) at which such Term Lender is willing to allow prepayment of any or all of its then outstanding Term Loans of the applicable tranche or tranches and the maximum aggregate principal amount and tranches of such Lender’s Term Loans (the “Submitted Amount”) such Lender is willing to have prepaid at the Submitted Discount.  Any Term Lender whose Discount Range Prepayment Offer is not received by the Auction Agent by the Discount Range Prepayment Response Date shall be deemed to have declined to accept a Discounted Term Loan Prepayment of any of its Term Loans at any discount to their par value within the Discount Range.

 

(2)         The Auction Agent shall review all Discount Range Prepayment Offers received on or before the applicable Discount Range Prepayment Response Date and shall determine (in consultation with the Borrower and subject to rounding requirements of the Auction Agent made in its sole reasonable discretion) the Applicable Discount and Term Loans to be prepaid at such Applicable Discount in accordance with this subsection (C).  The Borrower agrees to accept on the Discount Range Prepayment Response Date all Discount Range Prepayment Offers received by the Auction Agent by the Discount Range Prepayment Response Date, in the order from the Submitted Discount that is the largest discount to par to the Submitted Discount that is the smallest discount to par, up to and including the Submitted Discount that is the smallest discount to par within the Discount Range (such Submitted Discount that is the smallest discount to par within the Discount Range being referred to as the “Applicable Discount”) which yields a Discounted Term Loan Prepayment in an aggregate principal amount equal to the lower of (I) the Discount Range Prepayment Amount and (II) the sum of all Submitted Amounts.  Each Lender that has submitted a Discount Range Prepayment Offer to accept prepayment at a discount to par that is larger than or equal to the Applicable Discount shall be deemed to have irrevocably consented to prepayment of Term Loans equal to its Submitted Amount (subject to any required proration pursuant to the following subsection (3)) at the Applicable Discount (each such Lender, a “Participating Lender”).

 

(3)         If there is at least one Participating Lender, the Borrower will prepay the respective outstanding Term Loans of each Participating Lender in the aggregate principal amount and of the tranches specified in such Lender’s Discount Range Prepayment Offer at the Applicable Discount; provided that if the Submitted Amount by all Participating Lenders offered at a discount to par greater than the Applicable

 

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Discount exceeds the Discounted Range Prepayment Amount, prepayment of the principal amount of the relevant Term Loans for those Participating Lenders whose Submitted Discount is a discount to par greater than or equal to the Applicable Discount (the “Identified Participating Lenders”) shall be made pro-rata among the Identified Participating Lenders in accordance with the Submitted Amount of each such Identified Participating Lender and the Auction Agent (in consultation with the Borrower and subject to rounding requirements of the Auction Agent made in its sole reasonable discretion) will calculate such proration (the “Discount Range Proration”).  The Auction Agent shall promptly, and in any case within five (5) Business Days following the Discount Range Prepayment Response Date, notify (I) the Borrower of the respective Term Lenders’ responses to such solicitation, the Discounted Prepayment Effective Date, the Applicable Discount, and the aggregate principal amount of the Discounted Term Loan Prepayment and the tranches to be prepaid, (II) each Term Lender of the Discounted Prepayment Effective Date, the Applicable Discount, and the aggregate principal amount and tranches of Term Loans to be prepaid at the Applicable Discount on such date, (III) each Participating Lender of the aggregate principal amount and tranches of such Lender to be prepaid at the Applicable Discount on such date, and (IV) if applicable, each Identified Participating Lender of the Discount Range Proration.  Each determination by the Auction Agent of the amounts stated in the foregoing notices to the Borrower and Lenders shall be conclusive and binding for all purposes absent manifest error.  The payment amount specified in such notice to the Borrower shall be due and payable by such Borrower on the Discounted Prepayment Effective Date in accordance with subsection (F) below (subject to subsection (J) below).

 

(D)         (1) Subject to the proviso to subsection (A) above, the Borrower may from time to time solicit Solicited Discounted Prepayment Offers by providing the Auction Agent with three (3) Business Days’ notice in the form of a Solicited Discounted Prepayment Notice; provided that (I) any such solicitation shall be extended, at the sole discretion of the Borrower, to each Term Lender and/or each Lender with respect to any Class of Term Loans on an individual  tranche basis, (II) any such notice shall specify the maximum aggregate dollar amount of the Term Loans (the “Solicited Discounted Prepayment Amount”) and the tranche or tranches of Term Loans the Borrower is willing to prepay at a discount (it being understood that different Solicited Discount Prepayment Amounts may be offered with respect to different tranches of Term Loans and, in such an event, each such offer will be treated as a separate offer pursuant to the terms of this Section), (III) the Solicited Discounted Prepayment Amount shall be in

 

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an aggregate amount not less than $1,000,000 and whole increments of $500,000 in excess thereof and (IV) each such solicitation by the Borrower shall remain outstanding through the Solicited Discounted Prepayment Response Date.  The Auction Agent will promptly provide each relevant Term Lender with a copy of such Solicited Discounted Prepayment Notice and a form of the Solicited Discounted Prepayment Offer to be submitted by a responding Term Lender to the Auction Agent (or its delegate) by no later than 5:00 p.m., New York time on the third Business Day after the date of delivery of such notice to the relevant Term Lenders (the “Solicited Discounted Prepayment Response Date”).  Each Term Lender’s Solicited Discounted Prepayment Offer shall (x) be irrevocable, (y) remain outstanding until the Acceptance Date, and (z) specify both a discount to par (the “Offered Discount”) at which such Term Lender is willing to allow prepayment of its then outstanding Term Loan and the maximum aggregate principal amount and tranches of such Term Loans (the “Offered Amount”) such Lender is willing to have prepaid at the Offered Discount.  Any Term Lender whose Solicited Discounted Prepayment Offer is not received by the Auction Agent by the Solicited Discounted Prepayment Response Date shall be deemed to have declined prepayment of any of its Term Loans at any discount.

 

(2)         The Auction Agent shall promptly provide the Borrower with a copy of all Solicited Discounted Prepayment Offers received on or before the Solicited Discounted Prepayment Response Date.  The Borrower shall review all such Solicited Discounted Prepayment Offers and select the largest of the Offered Discounts specified by the relevant responding Term Lenders in the Solicited Discounted Prepayment Offers that is acceptable to the Borrower (the “Acceptable Discount”), if any.  If the Borrower elects to accept any Offered Discount as the Acceptable Discount, then as soon as practicable after the determination of the Acceptable Discount, but in no event later than the third Business Day after the date of receipt by the Borrower from the Auction Agent of a copy of all Solicited Discounted Prepayment Offers pursuant to the first sentence of this subsection (2) (the “Acceptance Date”), the Borrower shall submit an Acceptance and Prepayment Notice to the Auction Agent setting forth the Acceptable Discount.  If the Auction Agent shall fail to receive an Acceptance and Prepayment Notice from the Borrower by the Acceptance Date, the Borrower shall be deemed to have rejected all Solicited Discounted Prepayment Offers.

 

(3)         Based upon the Acceptable Discount and the Solicited Discounted Prepayment Offers received by the Auction Agent by the Solicited Discounted Prepayment Response Date, within three (3) Business Days after receipt of

 

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an Acceptance and Prepayment Notice (the “Discounted Prepayment Determination Date”), the Auction Agent will determine (in consultation with the Borrower and subject to rounding requirements of the Auction Agent made in its sole reasonable discretion) the aggregate principal amount and the tranches of Term Loans (the “Acceptable Prepayment Amount”) to be prepaid by the Borrower at the Acceptable Discount in accordance with this Section 2.09(a)(ii)(D).  If the Borrower elects to accept any Acceptable Discount, then the Borrower agrees to accept all Solicited Discounted Prepayment Offers received by Auction Agent by the Solicited Discounted Prepayment Response Date, in the order from largest Offered Discount to smallest Offered Discount, up to and including the Acceptable Discount.  Each Lender that has submitted a Solicited Discounted Prepayment Offer with an Offered Discount that is greater than or equal to the Acceptable Discount shall be deemed to have irrevocably consented to prepayment of Term Loans equal to its Offered Amount (subject to any required pro-rata reduction pursuant to the following sentence) at the Acceptable Discount (each such Lender, a “Qualifying Lender”).  The Borrower will prepay outstanding Term Loans pursuant to this subsection (D) to each Qualifying Lender in the aggregate principal amount and of the tranches specified in such Lender’s Solicited Discounted Prepayment Offer at the Acceptable Discount; provided that if the aggregate Offered Amount by all Qualifying Lenders whose Offered Discount is greater than or equal to the Acceptable Discount exceeds the Solicited Discounted Prepayment Amount, prepayment of the principal amount of the Term Loans for those Qualifying Lenders whose Offered Discount is greater than or equal to the Acceptable Discount (the “Identified Qualifying Lenders”) shall be made pro-rata among the Identified Qualifying Lenders in accordance with the Offered Amount of each such Identified Qualifying Lender and the Auction Agent (in consultation with the Borrower and subject to rounding requirements of the Auction Agent made in its sole reasonable discretion) will calculate such proration (the “Solicited Discount Proration”).  On or prior to the Discounted Prepayment Determination Date, the Auction Agent shall promptly notify (I) the Borrower of the Discounted Prepayment Effective Date and Acceptable Prepayment Amount comprising the Discounted Term Loan Prepayment and the tranches to be prepaid, (II) each Term Lender of the Discounted Prepayment Effective Date, the Acceptable Discount, and the Acceptable Prepayment Amount of all Term Loans and the tranches to be prepaid at the Applicable Discount on such date, (III) each Qualifying Lender of the aggregate principal amount and the tranches of such Lender to

 

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be prepaid at the Acceptable Discount on such date, and (IV) if applicable, each Identified Qualifying Lender of the Solicited Discount Proration.  Each determination by the Auction Agent of the amounts stated in the foregoing notices to such Borrower and Lenders shall be conclusive and binding for all purposes absent manifest error.  The payment amount specified in such notice to such Borrower shall be due and payable by such Borrower on the Discounted Prepayment Effective Date in accordance with subsection (F) below (subject to subsection (J) below).

 

(E)         In connection with any Discounted Term Loan Prepayment, the Borrower and the Lenders acknowledge and agree that the Auction Agent may require as a condition to any Discounted Term Loan Prepayment, the payment of customary fees and expenses from the Borrower in connection therewith.

 

(F)         If any Term Loan is to be prepaid in accordance with paragraphs (B) through (D) above, the Borrower shall prepay such Term Loans on the Discounted Prepayment Effective Date.  The Borrower shall make such prepayment to the Auction Agent, for the account of the Discount Prepayment Accepting Lenders, Participating Lenders, or Qualifying Lenders, as applicable, at the Administrative Agent’s Office in immediately available funds not later than 11:00 a.m. (New York time) on the Discounted Prepayment Effective Date and all such prepayments shall be applied to the remaining principal installments of the relevant tranche of Term Loans on a pro rata basis across such installments.  The Term Loans so prepaid shall be accompanied by all accrued and unpaid interest on the par principal amount so prepaid up to, but not including, the Discounted Prepayment Effective Date.  Each prepayment of outstanding Term Loans pursuant to this Section 2.09(a)(ii) shall be paid to the Discount Prepayment Accepting Lenders, Participating Lenders, or Qualifying Lenders, as applicable.  The aggregate principal amount of the tranches and installments of the relevant Term Loans outstanding shall be deemed reduced by the full par value of the aggregate principal amount of the tranches of Term Loans prepaid on the Discounted Prepayment Effective Date in any Discounted Term Loan Prepayment.

 

(G)         To the extent not expressly provided for herein, each Discounted Term Loan Prepayment shall be consummated pursuant to procedures consistent with the provisions in this Section 2.09(a)(ii), established by the Auction Agent acting in its reasonable discretion and as reasonably agreed by the Borrower.

 

(H)        Notwithstanding anything in any Loan Document to the contrary, for purposes of this Section 2.09(a)(ii), each notice or other communication required to be delivered or otherwise provided to the

 

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Auction Agent (or its delegate) shall be deemed to have been given upon Auction Agent’s (or its delegate’s) actual receipt during normal business hours of such notice or communication; provided that any notice or communication actually received outside of normal business hours shall be deemed to have been given as of the opening of business on the next Business Day.

 

(I)          Each of the Borrower and the Lenders acknowledges and agrees that the Auction Agent may perform any and all of its duties under this Section 2.09(a)(ii) by itself or through any Affiliate of the Auction Agent and expressly consents to any such delegation of duties by the Auction Agent to such Affiliate and the performance of such delegated duties by such Affiliate.  The exculpatory provisions pursuant to this Agreement shall apply to each Affiliate of the Auction Agent and its respective activities in connection with any Discounted Term Loan Prepayment provided for in this Section 2.09(a)(ii) as well as activities of the Auction Agent.

 

(J)          The Borrower shall have the right, by written notice to the Auction Agent, to revoke in full (but not in part) its offer to make a Discounted Term Loan Prepayment and rescind the applicable Specified Discount Prepayment Notice, Discount Range Prepayment Notice or Solicited Discounted Prepayment Notice therefor at its discretion at any time on or prior to the applicable Specified Discount Prepayment Response Date (and if such offer is revoked pursuant to the preceding clauses, any failure by such Borrower to make any prepayment to a Term Lender, as applicable, pursuant to this Section 2.09(a)(ii) shall not constitute a Default or Event of Default under Section 7.01 or otherwise).

 

(b)        In the event and on each occasion that any Net Proceeds are received by or on behalf of Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries in respect of any Prepayment Event, the Borrower shall, within three Business Days after such Net Proceeds are received (or, in the case of a Prepayment Event described in clause (b) of the definition of the term “Prepayment Event,” on the date of such Prepayment Event), prepay Term Borrowings in an aggregate amount equal to 100% of the amount of such Net Proceeds; provided that, in the case of any event described in clause (a) of the definition of the term “Prepayment Event”, if the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries invest (or commit with a Person that is not Holdings, an Intermediate Parent, the Borrower or a Subsidiary to invest) the Net Proceeds from such event (or a portion thereof) within 12 months after receipt of such Net Proceeds in the business of the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries (including in any acquisitions permitted under Section 6.04 and in working capital or trading activities), then no prepayment shall be required pursuant to this paragraph in respect of such Net Proceeds in respect of such event (or the applicable portion of such Net Proceeds, if applicable) except to the extent of any such Net Proceeds therefrom that have not been so invested (or committed to be invested) by the end of such 12-month period (or if committed to be so invested within such 12-month period, have not been so invested within 18 months

 

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after receipt thereof), at which time a prepayment shall be required in an amount equal to such Net Proceeds that have not been so invested (or committed to be invested).

 

(c)        Commencing with the period from July 1, 2013 and ending on September 30, 2013 and for each full fiscal quarter of the Borrower thereafter, the Borrower shall prepay Term Borrowings in an aggregate amount equal to the ECF Percentage of Excess Cash Flow for such period; provided that such amount shall be reduced by the aggregate amount of prepayments of Term Loans made pursuant to Section 2.09(a)(i) during such period (excluding all such prepayments funded with the proceeds of other Indebtedness, the issuance of Equity Interests or receipt of capital contributions or the proceeds of any sale or other disposition of assets outside the ordinary course of business).  Each prepayment pursuant to this paragraph shall be made on or before the date that is five days after the date on which financial statements are required to be delivered pursuant to Section 5.01(b) with respect to the fiscal quarter for which Excess Cash Flow is being calculated (or, in the case of any prepayment with respect to the fourth fiscal quarter of any fiscal year, the date that is five days after the date on which financial statements are required to be delivered pursuant to Section 5.01(a) with respect to the fiscal year of which such quarter is the fourth fiscal quarter). For the avoidance of doubt, the first such prepayment shall be with respect to the period commencing on July 1, 2013 and ending on September 30, 2013 and such prepayment shall be made on or before the date that is five days after the date on which financial statements are required to be delivered pursuant to Section 5.01(b) with respect to the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2013.

 

(d)        Prior to any optional prepayment of Borrowings pursuant to Section 2.09(a)(i), the Borrower shall select the Borrowing or Borrowings to be prepaid and shall specify such selection in the notice of such prepayment pursuant to paragraph (e) of this Section.  In the event of any mandatory prepayment of Term Borrowings made at a time when Term Borrowings of more than one Class remain outstanding, the Borrower shall select Term Borrowings to be prepaid so that the aggregate amount of such prepayment is allocated between Term Borrowings (and, to the extent provided in the Refinancing Amendment for any Class of Other Term Loans, the Borrowings of such Class) pro rata based on the aggregate principal amount of outstanding Borrowings of each such Class; provided that any Term Lender (and, to the extent provided in the Refinancing Amendment for any Class of Other Term Loans, any Lender that holds Other Term Loans of such Class) may elect, by notice to the Administrative Agent by telephone (confirmed by facsimile) at least one Business Day prior to the prepayment date, to decline all or any portion of any prepayment of its Term Loans or Other Term Loans of any such Class pursuant to this Section (other than an optional prepayment pursuant to paragraph (a)(i) of this Section, which may not be declined), in which case the aggregate amount of the prepayment that would have been applied to prepay Term Loans or Other Term Loans of any such Class but was so declined shall be retained by the Borrower.  Optional prepayments of Term Borrowings shall be allocated among the Classes of Term Borrowings as directed by the Borrower.  In the absence of a designation by the Borrower as described in the preceding provisions of this paragraph of the Type of Borrowing of any Class, the Administrative Agent shall make such designation in its reasonable discretion with a view, but no obligation, to minimize breakage costs owing under Section 2.14.

 

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(e)                        The Borrower shall notify the Administrative Agent by telephone (confirmed by facsimile) of any prepayment hereunder (i) in the case of prepayment of a Eurodollar Borrowing, not later than 11:00 a.m., New York City time, three Business Days before the date of prepayment and (ii) in the case of prepayment of an ABR Borrowing, not later than 11:00 a.m., New York City time, one Business Day before the date of prepayment.  Each such notice shall be irrevocable and shall specify the prepayment date and principal amount of each Borrowing or portion thereof to be prepaid and, in the case of a mandatory prepayment, a reasonably detailed calculation of the amount of such prepayment; provided that a notice of optional prepayment may state that such notice is conditional upon the effectiveness of other credit facilities or the receipt of the proceeds from the issuance of other Indebtedness or the occurrence of some other identifiable event or condition, in which case such notice of prepayment may be revoked by the Borrower (by notice to the Administrative Agent on or prior to the specified date of prepayment) if such condition is not satisfied.  Promptly following receipt of any such notice, the Administrative Agent shall advise the Lenders of the contents thereof.  Each partial prepayment of any Borrowing shall be in an amount that would be permitted in the case of an advance of a Borrowing of the same Type as provided in Section 2.02, except as necessary to apply fully the required amount of a mandatory prepayment.  Each prepayment of a Borrowing shall be applied ratably to the Loans included in the prepaid Borrowing.  Prepayments shall be accompanied by accrued interest to the extent required by Section 2.11.

 

(f)                         Notwithstanding any other provisions of Section 2.09(b) or (c), (A) to the extent that any of or all the Net Proceeds of any Prepayment Event by a Foreign Subsidiary giving rise to a prepayment pursuant to Section 2.09(b) (a “Foreign Prepayment Event”) or Excess Cash Flow attributable to a Foreign Subsidiary are prohibited or delayed by applicable local law from being repatriated to the Borrower, the portion of such Net Proceeds or Excess Cash Flow so affected will not be required to be applied to repay Term Loans at the times provided in Section 2.09(b) or (c), as the case may be, and such amounts may be retained by the applicable Foreign Subsidiary so long, but only so long, as the applicable local law will not permit repatriation to the Borrower (Borrower hereby agreeing to cause the applicable Foreign Subsidiary to promptly take all actions reasonably required by the applicable local law to permit such repatriation), and once such repatriation of any of such affected Net Proceeds or Excess Cash Flow is permitted under the applicable local law, such repatriation will be promptly effected and such repatriated Net Proceeds or Excess Cash Flow will be promptly (and in any event not later than three Business Days after such repatriation) applied (net of additional taxes payable or reserved against as a result thereof) to the repayment of the Term Loans pursuant to Section 2.09(b) or (c), as applicable, and (B) to the extent that the Borrower has determined in good faith that repatriation of any of or all the Net Proceeds of any Foreign Prepayment Event or Foreign Subsidiary Excess Cash Flow would have a material adverse tax consequence (taking into account any foreign tax credit or benefit actually realized in connection with such repatriation) with respect to such Net Proceeds or Excess Cash Flow, the Net Proceeds or Excess Cash Flow so affected may be retained by the applicable Foreign Subsidiary; provided that in the case of this clause (B), on or before the date that is eighteen months after the date that such Net Proceeds are received (or, in the case of Excess Cash Flow, a date on or before the date that is eighteen months after the date such Excess Cash Flow would have so required to be applied to prepayments pursuant to Section 2.09(c) unless previously repatriated in which case such

 

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repatriated Excess Cash Flow shall have been promptly applied to the repayment of the Term Loans pursuant to Section 2.09(c)), (x) the Borrower applies an amount equal to such Net Proceeds or Excess Cash Flow to such reinvestments or prepayments as if such Net Proceeds or Excess Cash Flow had been received by the Borrower rather than such Foreign Subsidiary, less the amount of additional taxes that would have been payable or reserved against if such Net Proceeds or Excess Cash Flow had been repatriated (or, if less, the Net Proceeds or Excess Cash Flow that would be calculated if received by such Foreign Subsidiary) or (y) such Net Proceeds or Excess Cash Flow shall be applied to the repayment of Indebtedness of a Foreign Subsidiary.

 

Section 2.10.  Fees.

 

(a)                       The Borrower agrees to pay to the Administrative Agent, for its own account, fees payable in the amounts and at the times separately agreed upon between the Borrower and the Administrative Agent.

 

(b)                       The Borrower agrees to pay on the Closing Date to each Term Lender party to this Agreement as a Term Lender on the Closing Date, as fee compensation for the funding of such Term Lender’s Term Loan, a closing fee in an amount equal to 0.50% of the stated principal amount of such Term Lender’s Term Loan.  Such fees shall be payable to each Lender out of the proceeds of such Term Lender’s Term Loan as and when funded on the Closing Date.  Such closing fee will be in all respects fully earned, due and payable on the Closing Date and non-refundable and non-creditable thereafter.

 

Section 2.11.  Interest.

 

(a)                       The Loans comprising each ABR Borrowing shall bear interest at the Alternate Base Rate plus the Applicable Rate.

 

(b)                       The Loans comprising each Eurodollar Borrowing shall bear interest at the Adjusted LIBO Rate for the Interest Period in effect for such Borrowing plus the Applicable Rate.

 

(c)                        Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any principal of or interest on any Loan or any fee or other amount payable by the Borrower hereunder is not paid when due, whether at stated maturity, upon acceleration or otherwise, such overdue amount shall bear interest, after as well as before judgment, at a rate per annum equal to (i) in the case of overdue principal of any Loan, 2.00% per annum plus the rate otherwise applicable to such Loan as provided in the preceding paragraphs of this Section or (ii) in the case of any other amount, 2.00% per annum plus the rate applicable to ABR Loans as provided in paragraph (a) of this Section.

 

(d)                       Accrued interest on each Loan shall be payable in arrears on each Interest Payment Date for such Loan, provided that (i) interest accrued pursuant to paragraph (c) of this Section shall be payable on demand, (ii) in the event of any repayment or prepayment of any Loan, accrued interest on the principal amount repaid or prepaid shall be payable on the date of such repayment or prepayment and (iii) in the event of any conversion of any Eurodollar Loan prior to the end of the current Interest Period therefor, accrued interest on such Loan shall be payable on the effective date of such conversion.

 

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(e)                        All interest hereunder shall be computed on the basis of a year of 360 days, except that interest computed by reference to the Alternate Base Rate shall be computed on the basis of a year of 365 days (or 366 days in a leap year), and in each case shall be payable for the actual number of days elapsed (including the first day but excluding the last day).  The applicable Alternate Base Rate or Adjusted LIBO Rate shall be determined by the Administrative Agent, and such determination shall be conclusive absent manifest error.

 

Section 2.12.  Alternate Rate of Interest.  If at least two Business Days prior to the commencement of any Interest Period for a Eurodollar Borrowing:

 

(a)                       the Administrative Agent determines (which determination shall be conclusive absent manifest error) that adequate and reasonable means do not exist for ascertaining the Adjusted LIBO Rate for such Interest Period; or

 

(b)                       the Administrative Agent is advised by the Required Lenders that the Adjusted LIBO Rate for such Interest Period will not adequately and fairly reflect the cost to such Lenders of making or maintaining their Loans included in such Borrowing for such Interest Period;

 

the Administrative Agent shall give notice thereof to the Borrower and the Lenders by telephone or facsimile as promptly as practicable thereafter and, until the Administrative Agent notifies the Borrower and the Lenders that the circumstances giving rise to such notice no longer exist, (i) any Interest Election Request that requests the conversion of any Borrowing to, or continuation of any Borrowing as, a Eurodollar Borrowing shall be ineffective and (ii) if any Borrowing Request requests a Eurodollar Borrowing, then such Borrowing shall be made as an ABR Borrowing; provided, however, that, in each case, the Borrower may revoke any Borrowing Request that is pending when such notice is received.

 

Section 2.13.  Increased Costs.

 

(a)                       If any Change in Law shall:

 

(i)                           impose, modify or deem applicable any reserve, special deposit, compulsory loan, insurance charge or similar requirement against assets of, deposits with or for the account of, or credit extended by, any Lender (except any such reserve requirement reflected in the Adjusted LIBO Rate); or

 

(ii)                        impose on any Lender or the London interbank market any other condition, cost or expense affecting this Agreement or Eurodollar Loans made by such Lender;

 

and the result of any of the foregoing shall be to increase the cost to such Lender of making or maintaining any Eurodollar Loan (or of maintaining its obligation to make any such Loan) or to reduce the amount of any sum received or receivable by such Lender hereunder (whether of principal, interest or otherwise), then, from time to time upon request of such Lender, the Borrower will pay to such Lender such additional amount or amounts as will compensate such Lender for such increased costs actually incurred or

 

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reduction actually suffered.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, this paragraph will not apply to any such increased costs or reductions resulting from Taxes, as to which Section 2.15 shall govern.

 

(b)                       If any Lender determines that any Change in Law regarding capital requirements has the effect of reducing the rate of return on such Lender’s capital or on the capital of such Lender’s holding company, if any, as a consequence of this Agreement or the Loans made by such Lender, to a level below that which such Lender or such Lender’s holding company could have achieved but for such Change in Law (taking into consideration such Lender’s policies and the policies of such Lender’s holding company with respect to capital adequacy), then, from time to time upon request of such Lender, the Borrower will pay to such Lender such additional amount or amounts as will compensate such Lender or such Lender’s holding company for any such reduction actually suffered.

 

(c)                        A certificate of a Lender setting forth the amount or amounts necessary to compensate such Lender or its holding company in reasonable detail, as the case may be, as specified in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Section delivered to the Borrower shall be conclusive absent manifest error.  The Borrower shall pay such Lender the amount shown as due on any such certificate within 15 days after receipt thereof.

 

(d)                       Failure or delay on the part of any Lender to demand compensation pursuant to this Section shall not constitute a waiver of such Lender’s right to demand such compensation, provided that the Borrower shall not be required to compensate a Lender pursuant to this Section for any increased costs incurred or reductions suffered more than 180 days prior to the date that such Lender notifies the Borrower of the Change in Law giving rise to such increased costs or reductions and of such Lender’s intention to claim compensation therefor; provided further that, if the Change in Law giving rise to such increased costs or reductions is retroactive, then the 180-day period referred to above shall be extended to include the period of retroactive effect thereof.

 

Section 2.14.  Break Funding Payments.  In the event of (a) the payment of any principal of any Eurodollar Loan other than on the last day of an Interest Period applicable thereto (including as a result of an Event of Default), (b) the conversion of any Eurodollar Loan other than on the last day of the Interest Period applicable thereto, (c) the failure to borrow, convert, continue or prepay any Loan on the date specified in any notice delivered pursuant hereto (regardless of whether such notice may be revoked under Section 2.09(e) and is revoked in accordance therewith) or (d) the assignment of any Eurodollar Loan other than on the last day of the Interest Period applicable thereto as a result of a request by the Borrower pursuant to Section 2.17 or Section 9.02(c), then, in any such event, the Borrower shall, after receipt of a written request by any Lender affected by any such event (which request shall set forth in reasonable detail the basis for requesting such amount), compensate each Lender for the loss, cost and expense attributable to such event.  For purposes of calculating amounts payable by the Borrower to the Lenders under this Section 2.14, each Lender shall be deemed to have funded each Eurodollar Loan made by it at the Adjusted LIBO Rate for such Loan by a matching deposit or other borrowing in the applicable interbank eurodollar market for dollars for a comparable amount and for a comparable period, whether or not such Eurodollar Loan was in fact so funded.  A certificate of any Lender setting forth any amount or amounts

 

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that such Lender is entitled to receive pursuant to this Section delivered to the Borrower shall be conclusive absent manifest error.  The Borrower shall pay such Lender the amount shown as due on any such certificate within 15 days after receipt of such demand.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Section 2.14 will not apply to losses, costs or expenses resulting from Taxes, as to which Section 2.15 shall govern.

 

Section 2.15.  Taxes.

 

(a)                       Any and all payments by or on account of any obligation of any Loan Party under any Loan Document shall be made free and clear of and without deduction for any Indemnified Taxes or Other Taxes, provided that if the applicable withholding agent shall be required by applicable Requirements of Law (as determined in the good faith discretion of the applicable withholding agent) to deduct any Indemnified Taxes or Other Taxes from such payments, then (i) the amount payable by the applicable Loan Party shall be increased as necessary so that after all required deductions have been made (including deductions applicable to additional amounts payable under this Section) the Administrative Agent or Lender (as the case may be) receives an amount equal to the sum it would have received had no such deductions been made, (ii) the applicable withholding agent shall make such deductions and (iii) the applicable withholding agent shall timely pay the full amount deducted to the relevant Governmental Authority in accordance with applicable Requirements of Law.

 

(b)                       Without limiting the provisions of paragraph (a) above, the Borrower shall timely pay any Other Taxes to the relevant Governmental Authority in accordance with Requirements of Law.

 

(c)                        The Borrower shall indemnify the Administrative Agent and each Lender, within 30 days after written demand therefor, for the full amount of any Indemnified Taxes payable by the Administrative Agent or such Lender, as the case may be, on or with respect to any payment by or on account of any obligation of any Loan Party under any Loan Document and any Other Taxes (including Indemnified Taxes or Other Taxes imposed or asserted on or attributable to amounts payable under this Section) and any reasonable expenses arising therefrom or with respect thereto, whether or not such Indemnified Taxes or Other Taxes were correctly or legally imposed or asserted by the relevant Governmental Authority.  A certificate setting forth in reasonable detail the basis and calculation of the amount of such payment or liability delivered to the Borrower by a Lender, or by the Administrative Agent on its own behalf or on behalf of a Lender, shall be conclusive absent manifest error.

 

(d)                       As soon as practicable after any payment of Indemnified Taxes or Other Taxes by a Loan Party to a Governmental Authority, the Borrower shall deliver to the Administrative Agent the original or a certified copy of a receipt issued by such Governmental Authority evidencing such payment, a copy of the return reporting such payment or other evidence of such payment reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent.

 

(e)                        Each Lender shall, at such times as are reasonably requested by Borrower or the Administrative Agent, provide Borrower and the Administrative Agent with any properly completed and executed documentation prescribed by applicable Requirements

 

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of Law, or reasonably requested by Borrower or the Administrative Agent, certifying as to any entitlement of such Lender to an exemption from, or reduction in, any withholding Tax with respect to any payments to be made to such Lender under the Loan Documents (including, in the case of a Lender seeking exemption from the withholding imposed under FATCA, any documentation necessary to prevent such withholding).  Each such Lender shall, whenever a lapse in time or change in circumstances renders such documentation expired, obsolete or inaccurate in any material respect, deliver promptly to Borrower and the Administrative Agent updated or other appropriate documentation (including any new documentation reasonably requested by the applicable withholding agent) or promptly notify Borrower and the Administrative Agent of its inability to do so.  Unless the applicable withholding agent has received forms or other documents satisfactory to it indicating that payments under any Loan Document to or for a Lender are not subject to withholding tax or are subject to such Tax at a rate reduced by an applicable tax treaty, Borrower, Administrative Agent or other applicable withholding agent shall withhold amounts required to be withheld by applicable Requirements of Law from such payments at the applicable statutory rate.

 

Without limiting the generality of the foregoing:

 

(i)                           Each Lender that is a United States person (as defined in Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code) shall deliver to Borrower and the Administrative Agent on or before the date on which it becomes a party to this Agreement two properly completed and duly signed original copies of Internal Revenue Service Form W-9 (or any successor form) certifying that such Lender is exempt from U.S. federal backup withholding.

 

(ii)                        Each Lender that is not a United States person (as defined in Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code) shall deliver to Borrower and the Administrative Agent on or before the date on which it becomes a party to this Agreement (and from time to time thereafter when required by any Requirements of Law or upon the reasonable request of Borrower or the Administrative Agent) whichever of the following is applicable:

 

(A)                          two duly completed copies of Internal Revenue Service Form W-8BEN (or any successor forms) claiming eligibility for benefits of an income tax treaty to which the United States of America is a party,

 

(B)                          two duly completed copies of Internal Revenue Service Form W-8ECI (or any successor forms),

 

(C)                          in the case of a Lender claiming the benefits of the exemption for portfolio interest under Section 881(c) of the Code, (x) a certificate, in substantially the form of Exhibit P (any such certificate a “United States Tax Compliance Certificate”), or any other form approved by the Administrative Agent, to the effect that such Lender is not (1) a “bank” within the meaning of Section 881(c)(3)(A) of the Code, (2) a “10 percent shareholder” of a Borrower within the meaning of Section 881(c)(3)(B) of the Code, or (3) a “controlled foreign corporation” described in Section 881(c)(3)(C) of the Code, and that no

 

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payments in connection with the Loan Documents are effectively connected with such Lender’s conduct of a U.S. trade or business and (y) two duly completed copies of Internal Revenue Service Form W-8BEN (or any successor forms),

 

(D)                          to the extent a Lender is not the beneficial owner (for example, where the Lender is a partnership, or is a Participant holding a participation granted by a participating Lender), Internal Revenue Service Form W-8IMY (or any successor forms) of the Lender, accompanied by a Form W-8ECI, W-8BEN, United States Tax Compliance Certificate, Form W-9, Form W-8IMY (or other successor forms) or any other required information from each beneficial owner, as applicable (provided that, if the Lender is a partnership (and not a participating Lender) and one or more beneficial owners are claiming the portfolio interest exemption, the United States Tax Compliance Certificate shall be provided by such Lender on behalf of such beneficial owner(s)), or

 

(E)                           any other form prescribed by applicable Requirements of Law as a basis for claiming exemption from or a reduction in U.S. federal withholding tax duly completed together with such supplementary documentation as may be prescribed by applicable Requirements of Law to permit Borrower and the Administrative Agent to determine the withholding or deduction required to be made.

 

Each Lender shall, from time to time after the initial delivery by such Lender of the forms described above, whenever a lapse in time or change in such Lender’s circumstances renders such forms, certificates or other evidence so delivered expired, obsolete or inaccurate, promptly (1) deliver to the Borrower and the Administrative Agent (in such number of copies as shall be requested by the recipient) renewals, amendments or additional or successor forms, properly completed and duly executed by such Lender, together with any other certificate or statement of exemption required in order to confirm or establish such Lender’s status or that such Lender is entitled to an exemption from or reduction in U.S. federal withholding tax or (2) notify Administrative Agent and Borrower of its inability to deliver any such forms, certificates or other evidence.

 

Notwithstanding any other provision of this clause (e), a Lender shall not be required to deliver any form that such Lender is not legally eligible to deliver.

 

(f)                         If the Borrower determines in good faith that a reasonable basis exists for contesting any taxes for which indemnification has been demanded hereunder, the Administrative Agent or the relevant Lender, as applicable, shall cooperate with the Borrower in a reasonable challenge of such taxes if so requested by the Borrower, provided that (a) the Administrative Agent or such Lender determines in its reasonable discretion that it would not be prejudiced by cooperating in such challenge, (b) the Borrower pays all related expenses of the Administrative Agent or such Lender, as applicable and (c) the Borrower indemnifies the Administrative Agent or such Lender, as applicable, for any liabilities or other costs incurred by such party in connection with

 

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such challenge.  The Administrative Agent or a Lender shall claim any refund that it determines is reasonably available to it, unless it concludes in its reasonable discretion that it would be adversely affected by making such a claim.  If the Administrative Agent or a Lender determines, in its reasonable discretion, that it has received a refund of any Indemnified Taxes or Other Taxes as to which it has been indemnified by the Borrower or with respect to which the Borrower has paid additional amounts pursuant to this Section, it shall pay over such refund to the Borrower (but only to the extent of indemnity payments made, or additional amounts paid, by the Borrower under this Section with respect to the Indemnified Taxes or Other Taxes giving rise to such refund), net of all out-of-pocket expenses (including Taxes) of the Administrative Agent or such Lender and without interest (other than any interest paid by the relevant Governmental Authority with respect to such refund), provided that the Borrower, upon the request of the Administrative Agent or such Lender, agrees promptly to repay the amount paid over to the Borrower (plus any penalties, interest or other charges imposed by the relevant Governmental Authority) to the Administrative Agent or such Lender in the event the Administrative Agent or such Lender is required to repay such refund to such Governmental Authority.  The Administrative Agent or such Lender, as the case may be, shall, at the Borrower’s request, provide the Borrower with a copy of any notice of assessment or other evidence of the requirement to repay such refund received from the relevant taxing authority (provided that the Administrative Agent or such Lender may delete any information therein that the Administrative Agent or such Lender deems confidential).  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, this Section shall not be construed to require the Administrative Agent or any Lender to make available its tax returns (or any other information relating to taxes which it deems confidential).

 

(g)                        The agreements in this Section 2.15 shall survive the termination of this Agreement and the payment of the Loans and all other amounts payable hereunder.

 

Section 2.16.  Payments Generally; Pro Rata Treatment; Sharing of Setoffs.

 

(a)                       The Borrower shall make each payment required to be made by it under any Loan Document (whether of principal, interest or fees, or of amounts payable under Section 2.13, 2.14 or 2.15, or otherwise) prior to the time expressly required hereunder or under such other Loan Document for such payment (or, if no such time is expressly required, prior to 2:00 p.m., New York City time), on the date when due, in immediately available funds, without condition or deduction for any counterclaim, recoupment or setoff.  Any amounts received after such time on any date may, in the discretion of the Administrative Agent, be deemed to have been received on the next succeeding Business Day for purposes of calculating interest thereon.  All such payments shall be made to such account as may be specified by the Administrative Agent, except that payments pursuant to Sections 2.13, 2.14, 2.15 and 9.03 shall be made directly to the Persons entitled thereto and payments pursuant to other Loan Documents shall be made to the Persons specified therein.  The Administrative Agent shall distribute any such payments received by it for the account of any other Person to the appropriate recipient promptly following receipt thereof.  If any payment (other than payments on the Eurodollar Loans) under any Loan Document shall be due on a day that is not a Business Day, the date for payment shall be extended to the next succeeding Business Day.  If any payment on a Eurodollar Loan becomes due and payable on a day other than a Business Day, the maturity thereof shall be extended to the next succeeding Business Day unless the result

 

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of such extension would be to extend such payment into another calendar month, in which event such payment shall be made on the immediately preceding Business Day.  In the case of any payment of principal pursuant to the preceding two sentences, interest thereon shall be payable at the then applicable rate for the period of such extension.  All payments under each Loan Document shall be made in dollars.

 

(b)                       If at any time insufficient funds are received by and available to the Administrative Agent to pay fully all amounts of principal, interest and fees then due hereunder, such funds shall be applied first, towards payment of interest and fees then due hereunder, ratably among the parties entitled thereto in accordance with the amounts of interest and fees then due to such parties, and second, towards payment of principal then due hereunder, ratably among the parties entitled thereto in accordance with the amounts of principal then due to such parties.

 

(c)                        If any Lender shall, by exercising any right of setoff or counterclaim or otherwise, obtain payment in respect of any principal of or interest on any Class of its Loans resulting in such Lender receiving payment of a greater proportion of the aggregate amount of its Loans of such Class and accrued interest thereon than the proportion received by any other Lender, then the Lender receiving such greater proportion shall purchase (for cash at face value) participations in the Loans of such Class of other Lenders to the extent necessary so that the benefit of all such payments shall be shared by the Lenders ratably in accordance with the aggregate amount of principal of and accrued interest on their respective Loans of such Class; provided that (i) if any such participations are purchased and all or any portion of the payment giving rise thereto is recovered, such participations shall be rescinded and the purchase price restored to the extent of such recovery, without interest and (ii) the provisions of this paragraph shall not be construed to apply to (A) any payment made by the Borrower pursuant to and in accordance with the express terms of this Agreement, (B) any payment obtained by a Lender as consideration for the assignment of or sale of a participation in any of its Loans to any assignee or participant or (C) any disproportionate payment obtained by a Lender of any Class as a result of the extension by Lenders of the maturity date or expiration date of some but not all Loans of that Class or any increase in the Applicable Rate in respect of Loans of Lenders that have consented to any such extension.  The Borrower consents to the foregoing and agrees, to the extent it may effectively do so under applicable law, that any Lender acquiring a participation pursuant to the foregoing arrangements may exercise against the Borrower rights of setoff and counterclaim with respect to such participation as fully as if such Lender were a direct creditor of the Borrower in the amount of such participation.

 

(d)                       Unless the Administrative Agent shall have received notice from the Borrower prior to the date on which any payment is due to the Administrative Agent for the account of the Lenders hereunder that the Borrower will not make such payment, the Administrative Agent may assume that the Borrower has made such payment on such date in accordance herewith and may, in reliance upon such assumption and in its sole discretion, distribute to the Lenders the amount due.  In such event, if the Borrower has not in fact made such payment, then each of the Lenders severally agrees to repay to the Administrative Agent forthwith on demand the amount so distributed to such Lender with interest thereon, for each day from and including the date such amount is distributed to it to but excluding the date of payment to the Administrative Agent, at the greater of the

 

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Federal Funds Effective Rate and a rate determined by the Administrative Agent in accordance with banking industry rules on interbank compensation.

 

Section 2.17.  Mitigation Obligations; Replacement of Lenders.

 

(a)                       If any Lender requests compensation under Section 2.13, or if the Borrower is required to pay any additional amount to any Lender or any Governmental Authority for the account of any Lender pursuant to Section 2.15 or any event gives rise to the operation of Section 2.20, then such Lender shall use reasonable efforts to designate a different lending office for funding or booking its Loans hereunder, or to assign and delegate its rights and obligations hereunder to another of its offices, branches or Affiliates, if, in the judgment of such Lender, such designation or assignment and delegation (i) would eliminate or reduce amounts payable pursuant to Section 2.13 or 2.15 or mitigate the applicability of Section 2.20, as the case may be, and (ii) would not subject such Lender to any unreimbursed cost or expense reasonably deemed by such Lender to be material and would not be inconsistent with the internal policies of, or otherwise be disadvantageous in any material economic, legal or regulatory respect to, such Lender.

 

(b)                       If (i) any Lender requests compensation under Section 2.13 or gives notice under Section 2.20 or (ii) the Borrower is required to pay any additional amount to any Lender or to any Governmental Authority for the account of any Lender pursuant to Section 2.15, then the Borrower may, at its sole expense and effort, upon notice to such Lender and the Administrative Agent, require such Lender to assign and delegate, without recourse (in accordance with and subject to the restrictions contained in Section 9.04), all its interests, rights and obligations under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents to an Eligible Assignee that shall assume such obligations (which assignee may be another Lender, if a Lender accepts such assignment and delegation); provided that (A) the Borrower shall have received the prior written consent of the Administrative Agent to the extent such consent would be required under Section 9.04(b) for an assignment of Loans or Commitments, as applicable, which consent shall not unreasonably be withheld or delayed, (B) such Lender shall have received payment of an amount equal to the outstanding principal of its Loans, accrued but unpaid interest thereon, accrued but unpaid fees and all other amounts payable to it hereunder from the assignee (to the extent of such outstanding principal and accrued interest and fees) or the Borrower (in the case of all other amounts), (C) the Borrower or such assignee shall have paid (unless waived) to the Administrative Agent the processing and recordation fee specified in Section 9.04(b)(ii) and (D) in the case of any such assignment resulting from a claim for compensation under Section 2.13,  or payments required to be made pursuant to Section 2.15 or a notice given under Section 2.20, such assignment will result in a material reduction in such compensation or payments.  A Lender shall not be required to make any such assignment and delegation if, prior thereto, as a result of a waiver by such Lender or otherwise (including as a result of any action taken by such Lender under paragraph (a) above), the circumstances entitling the Borrower to require such assignment and delegation cease to apply.  Each party hereto agrees that an assignment required pursuant to this paragraph may be effected pursuant to an Assignment and Assumption executed by the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and the assignee and that the Lender required to make such assignment need not be a party thereto.

 

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Section 2.18.  Incremental Credit Extensions.

 

(a)                                 (i) At any time and from time to time after the Closing Date, subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, the Borrower may, by notice to the Administrative Agent (whereupon the Administrative Agent shall promptly make available such notice to each of the Lenders), request to effect one or more revolving credit facility tranches (or an increase of the commitments thereunder) (“Incremental Revolving Facilities”) from Additional Revolving Lenders; provided that at the time of each such request and upon the effectiveness of each Incremental Revolving Facility Amendment, (A) no Default shall have occurred and be continuing or shall result therefrom, (B) the Borrower shall be in compliance on a Pro Forma Basis with the covenants contained in Sections 6.12 and 6.13 recomputed as of the last day of the most-recently ended Test Period for which financial statements are available (calculated assuming that such Incremental Revolving Facility is fully drawn), (C) the Borrower shall have delivered a certificate of a Financial Officer to the effect set forth in clauses (A) and (B) above, together with reasonably detailed calculations demonstrating compliance with clause (B) above (which calculations shall, if made as of the last day of any fiscal quarter of the Borrower for which the Borrower has not delivered to the Administrative Agent the financial statements and Compliance Certificate required to be delivered by Section 5.01(a) or (b) and Section 5.01(d), respectively, be accompanied by a reasonably detailed calculation of Consolidated EBITDA and Consolidated Interest Expense for the relevant period), (D) such Incremental Revolving Facility may be secured on a pari passu basis with the Loans, (E) the interest rate margins, rate floors, fees, premiums and maturity applicable to any Incremental Revolving Facility shall be determined by the Borrower and the lenders thereunder, (F) any Incremental Revolving Facility Amendment shall be on the terms and pursuant to documentation to be determined by the Borrower and the Additional Revolving Lenders providing the applicable Incremental Revolving Facilities and (G) any Incremental Revolving Facility may be provided in any currency as mutually agreed among the Administrative Agent, the Borrower and the Additional Revolving Lenders; provided that to the extent such terms and documentation are not consistent with this Agreement (except to the extent permitted by clause (E) or (G)  above), they shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent.  Each Incremental Revolving Facility shall be in a minimum principal amount of $10,000,000 and integral multiples of $1,000,000 in excess thereof; provided that such amount may be less than $10,000,000 if such amount represents all the remaining availability under the Incremental Cap.

 

(ii)                             At any time and from time to time after the Closing Date, subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, the Borrower may, by notice to the Administrative Agent (whereupon the Administrative Agent shall promptly make available such notice to each of the Lenders), request to effect one or more additional tranches of term loans hereunder (“Incremental Term Facilities”) from one or more Additional Term Lenders; provided that at the time of each such request and upon the effectiveness of each Incremental Term Facility Amendment, (A) no Default shall have occurred and be continuing or shall result therefrom, (B) the Borrower shall be in compliance on a Pro Forma Basis with the covenants contained in Sections 6.12 and 6.13 recomputed as of the last day of the most-recently ended Test Period for which financial statements are available, (C) the Borrower shall have delivered a certificate of a Financial Officer to the effect set forth in clauses (A) and (B) above, together with

 

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reasonably detailed calculations demonstrating compliance with clause (B) above (which calculations shall, if made as of the last day of any fiscal quarter of the Borrower for which the Borrower has not delivered to the Administrative Agent the financial statements and Compliance Certificate required to be delivered by Section 5.01(a) or (b) and Section 5.01(d), respectively, be accompanied by a reasonably detailed calculation of Consolidated EBITDA and Consolidated Interest Expense for the relevant period), (D) the maturity date of any term loans incurred pursuant to any Incremental Term Facility shall not be earlier than the Term Maturity Date and such Incremental Term Facility shall not have a Weighted Average Life to Maturity shorter than the Weighted Average Life to Maturity of the Term Loans, (E) the interest rate margins, rate floors, fees, premiums, funding discounts and, subject to clause (D), the maturity and amortization schedule for any term loans incurred pursuant to any Incremental Term Facility shall be determined by the Borrower and the Additional Term Lenders; provided that in the event that the interest rate margins for any term loans incurred pursuant to any Incremental Term Facility are higher than the interest rate margins for the Term Loans by more than 50 basis points, then the interest rate margins for the Term Loans shall be increased to the extent necessary so that such interest rate margins are equal to the interest rate margins for such term loans incurred pursuant to such Incremental Term Facility minus 50 basis points; provided, further that, in determining the interest rate margins applicable to the term loans incurred pursuant to such Incremental Term Facility and the Term Loans (x) original issue discount (“OID”) or upfront fees (which shall be deemed to constitute like amounts of OID) payable by Borrower to the Term Lenders or any Additional Term Lenders in the initial primary syndication thereof shall be included (with OID being equated to interest based on assumed four-year life to maturity), (y) customary arrangement or commitment fees payable to the Lead Arranger (or its affiliates) in connection with this Agreement or to one or more arrangers (or their affiliates) of any Incremental Term Facility shall be excluded and (z) if the Incremental Term Facility includes an interest rate floor greater than the interest rate floor applicable to the Term Loans, such increased amount shall be equated to interest margin for purposes of determining whether an increase to the applicable interest margin for the Term Loans shall be required, to the extent an increase in the interest rate floor in the Term Loans would cause an increase in the interest rate then in effect, and in such case the interest rate floor (but not the interest rate margin) applicable to the Term Loans shall be increased by such increased amount, (F) the term loans incurred pursuant to any Incremental Term Facility may rank pari passu or junior in right of payment and of security with the other Loans and Commitments hereunder (provided that to the extent such term loans are junior the applicable parties shall have entered into  a Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement), (G) any Incremental Term Facility Amendment shall be on the terms and pursuant to documentation to be determined by the Borrower and the Additional Term Lenders providing the applicable Incremental Term Facilities and (H) any Incremental Term Facility may be provided in any currency as mutually agreed among the Administrative Agent, the Borrower and the Additional Term Lenders; provided that to the extent such terms and documentation are not consistent with this Agreement (except to the extent permitted by clauses (D), (E), (F) or (H) above), they shall

 

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be reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent.  Each Incremental Term Facility shall be in a minimum principal amount of $25,000,000 and integral multiples of $1,000,000 in excess thereof; provided that such amount may be less than $25,000,000 if such amount represents all the remaining availability under the Incremental Cap.

 

(iii)                          Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, (x) the sum of (i) the aggregate principal amount of all Incremental Term Facilities incurred after the Closing Date, (ii) the aggregate principal amount of all secured Indebtedness incurred after the Closing Date pursuant to Section 6.01(a)(viii) and (iii) the aggregate principal amount of all Additional Notes issued after the Closing Date pursuant to Section 6.01(a)(xxii) shall not exceed $100,000,000 and (y) the sum of (i) the aggregate amount of commitments in respect of the Incremental Revolving Facilities effected after the Closing Date, (ii) the aggregate principal amount of all Incremental Term Facilities incurred after the Closing Date, (iii) the aggregate principal amount of all secured Indebtedness incurred after the Closing Date pursuant to Section 6.01(a)(viii) and (iv) the aggregate principal amount of all Additional Notes issued after the Closing Date pursuant to Section 6.01(a)(xxii) shall not exceed $200,000,000 (each maximum amount referred to in clause (x) and (y), an “Incremental Cap”).

 

(b)                       (i) Each notice from the Borrower pursuant to this Section shall set forth the requested amount of the relevant Incremental Revolving Facility or Incremental Term Facility.

 

(ii)                             Commitments in respect of any Incremental Revolving Facility shall become Commitments under this Agreement pursuant to an amendment (an “Incremental Revolving Facility Amendment”) to this Agreement and, as appropriate, the other Loan Documents, executed by the Borrower, the applicable Additional Revolving Lenders and the Administrative Agent.  Incremental Revolving Facilities may be provided, subject to the prior written consent of the Borrower (not to be unreasonably withheld), by any existing Lender (it being understood that no existing Lender shall have the right to participate in any Incremental Revolving Facility or, unless it agrees, be obligated to participate in any Incremental Revolving Facility) or by any Additional Revolving Lender.  An Incremental Revolving Facility Amendment may, without the consent of any other Lenders, effect such amendments to any Loan Documents as may be necessary or appropriate, in the reasonable opinion of the Administrative Agent, to effect the provisions of this Section (including to provide for the issuance of letters of credit and swingline loans thereunder and to provide for the treatment of defaulting lenders).  The effectiveness of any Incremental Revolving Facility Amendment shall, unless otherwise agreed to by the Administrative Agent and the Additional Revolving Lenders, be subject to the satisfaction on the date thereof (each, an “Incremental Revolving Facility Closing Date”) of each of the conditions set forth in Section 4.02 (it being understood that all references to “the date of such Borrowing” (or other similar reference) in Section 4.02 shall be deemed to refer to the Incremental Revolving Facility Closing Date) and, to the extent reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent, receipt by the Administrative Agent of legal opinions, board resolutions, officers’ certificates

 

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and/or reaffirmation agreements consistent with those delivered on the Closing Date under Section 4.01 (other than changes to such legal opinions resulting from a change in law, change in fact or change to counsel’s form of opinion reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent).

 

(iii)                          Commitments in respect of any Incremental Term Facility shall become Commitments under this Agreement pursuant to an amendment (an “Incremental Term Facility Amendment”) to this Agreement and, as appropriate, the other Loan Documents executed by the Borrower, the applicable Additional Term Lenders and the Administrative Agent.  Incremental Term Facilities may be provided, subject to the prior written consent of the Borrower (not to be unreasonably withheld), by any existing Lender (it being understood that no existing Lender shall have any right to participate in any Incremental Term Facility or, unless it agrees, be obligated to provide any Incremental Term Facilities) or by any Additional Term Lender.  An Incremental Term Facility Amendment may, without the consent of any other Lenders, effect such amendments to any Loan Documents as may be necessary or appropriate, in the reasonable opinion of the Administrative Agent, to effect the provisions of this Section.  The effectiveness of any Incremental Term Facility Amendment shall, unless otherwise agreed to by the Administrative Agent and the Additional Term Lenders, be subject to the satisfaction on the date thereof (each, an “Incremental Term Facility Closing Date”) of each of the conditions set forth in Section 4.02 (it being understood that all references to “the date of such Borrowing” (or other similar reference) in Section 4.02 shall be deemed to refer to the Incremental Term Facility Closing Date) and, to the extent reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent, receipt by the Administrative Agent of legal opinions, board resolutions, officers’ certificates and/or reaffirmation agreements consistent with those delivered on the Closing Date under Section 4.01 (other than changes to such legal opinions resulting from a change in law, change in fact or change to counsel’s form of opinion reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent).

 

(c)                        Upon each Incremental Term Facility Closing Date pursuant to this Section, each Additional Term Lender participating in the applicable Incremental Term Facility shall make an additional term loan to the Borrower in a principal amount equal to such Additional Term Lender’s commitment in respect of such Incremental Term Facility.  Any such term loan shall be a “Term Loan” for all purposes of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents.

 

(d)                       This Section 2.18 shall supersede any provisions in Section 2.16 or Section 9.02 to the contrary.

 

Section 2.19.  Refinancing Amendments; Maturity Extension.

 

(a)                       At any time after the Closing Date, the Borrower may obtain, from any Lender or any Additional Lender, Credit Agreement Refinancing Indebtedness in respect of all or any portion of the Term Loans (which for purposes of this sentence will be deemed to include any Other Term Loans) or loans or commitments under any Incremental Revolving Facility then outstanding under this Agreement, in the form of

 

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Other Term Loans or Other Term Commitments pursuant to a Refinancing Amendment; provided that such Credit Agreement Refinancing Indebtedness (i) may rank pari passu in right of payment and of security with the other Loans and Commitments hereunder, (ii) will have such pricing and optional prepayment terms as may be agreed by the Borrower and the Lenders thereof (provided, that such Credit Agreement Refinancing Indebtedness may participate on a pro rata basis or on a less than pro rata basis (but not on a greater than pro rata basis) in any voluntary or mandatory prepayments hereunder, as specified in the applicable Refinancing Amendment), (iii) will have a maturity date that is not prior to the maturity date of, and will have a Weighted Average Life to Maturity that is not shorter than, the Term Loans being refinanced, (iv) the proceeds of such Credit Agreement Refinancing Indebtedness shall be applied, substantially concurrently with the incurrence thereof, to the prepayment of outstanding Term Loans or reduction of commitments under the Incremental Revolving Facility being so refinanced and (v) subject to clause (ii) above, will have terms and conditions  that are substantially identical to, or less favorable (taken as a whole) to the investors providing such Credit Agreement Refinancing Indebtedness than, the Refinanced Debt; provided further that the terms and conditions applicable to such Credit Agreement Refinancing Indebtedness may provide for any additional or different financial or other covenants or other provisions that are agreed between the Borrower and the Lenders thereof and applicable only during periods after the Latest Maturity Date that is in effect on the date such Credit Agreement Refinancing Indebtedness is issued, incurred or obtained.  The effectiveness of any Refinancing Amendment shall be subject to the satisfaction on the date thereof of each of the conditions set forth in Section 4.02 and, to the extent reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent, receipt by the Administrative Agent of legal opinions, board resolutions, officers’ certificates and/or reaffirmation agreements consistent with those delivered on the Closing Date under Section 4.01 (other than changes to such legal opinions resulting from a change in law, change in fact or change to counsel’s form of opinion reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent).  Each Class of Credit Agreement Refinancing Indebtedness incurred under this Section 2.19 shall be in an aggregate principal amount that is (x) not less than $25,000,000 and (y) an integral multiple of $1,000,000 in excess thereof.  The Administrative Agent shall promptly notify each Lender as to the effectiveness of each Refinancing Amendment.  Each of the parties hereto hereby agrees that, upon the effectiveness of any Refinancing Amendment, this Agreement shall be deemed amended to the extent (but only to the extent) necessary to reflect the existence and terms of the Credit Agreement Refinancing Indebtedness incurred pursuant thereto (including any amendments necessary to treat the Loans and Commitments subject thereto as Other Term Loans and/or Other Term Commitments).  Any Refinancing Amendment may, without the consent of any other Lenders, effect such amendments to this Agreement and the other Loan Documents as may be necessary or appropriate, in the reasonable opinion of the Administrative Agent and the Borrower, to effect the provisions of this Section.

 

(b)                       At any time after the Closing Date, the Borrower and any Lender may agree, by notice to the Administrative Agent (each such notice, an “Extension Notice”), to extend the maturity date of such Lender’s Term Loans to the extended maturity date specified in such Extension Notice.

 

(c)                        This Section 2.19 shall supersede any provisions in Section 2.16 or Section 9.02 to the contrary.

 

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Section 2.20.  Illegality.  If any Lender determines that any law has made it unlawful, or that any Governmental Authority has asserted that it is unlawful, for any Lender to make, maintain or fund Loans whose interest is determined by reference to the Adjusted LIBO Rate, or to determine or charge interest rates based upon the Adjusted LIBO Rate, then, on notice thereof by such Lender to the Borrower through the Administrative Agent, (a) any obligation of such Lender to make or continue Eurodollar Loans or to convert ABR Loans to Eurodollar Loans shall be suspended, and (b) if such notice asserts the illegality of such Lender making or maintaining ABR Loans the interest rate on which is determined by reference to the Adjusted LIBO Rate component of the Alternate Base Rate, the interest rate on such ABR Loans of such Lender shall, if necessary to avoid such illegality, be determined by the Administrative Agent without reference to the Adjusted LIBO Rate component of the Alternate Base Rate, in each case until such Lender notifies the Administrative Agent and the Borrower that the circumstances giving rise to such determination no longer exist.  Upon receipt of such notice, (x) the Borrower shall, upon three Business Days’ notice from such Lender (with a copy to the Administrative Agent), prepay or, if applicable, convert all Eurodollar Loans of such Lender to ABR Loans (the interest rate on which ABR Loans of such Lender shall, if necessary to avoid such illegality, be determined by the Administrative Agent without reference to the Adjusted LIBO Rate component of the Alternate Base Rate), either on the last day of the Interest Period therefor, if such Lender may lawfully continue to maintain such Eurodollar Loans to such day, or immediately, if such Lender may not lawfully continue to maintain such Eurodollar Loans, and (y) if such notice asserts the illegality of such Lender determining or charging interest rates based upon the Adjusted LIBO Rate, the Administrative Agent shall during the period of such suspension compute the Alternate Base Rate applicable to such Lender without reference to the Adjusted LIBO Rate component thereof until the Administrative Agent is advised in writing by such Lender that it is no longer illegal  for such Lender to determine or charge interest rates based upon the Adjusted LIBO Rate.  Each Lender agrees to notify the Administrative Agent and the Borrower in writing promptly upon becoming aware that it is no longer illegal for such Lender to determine or charge interest rates based upon the Adjusted LIBO Rate.  Upon any such prepayment or conversion, the Borrower shall also pay accrued interest on the amount so prepaid or converted.

 

ARTICLE 3
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES

 

Each of Holdings and the Borrower represents and warrants to the Administrative Agent and each of the Lenders that:

 

Section 3.01.  Organization; Powers.  Each of Holdings, the Borrower and the Restricted Subsidiaries is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing (to the extent such concept exists in the relevant jurisdictions) under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization, has the corporate or other organizational power and authority to carry on its business as now conducted and as proposed to be conducted and to execute, deliver and perform its obligations under each Loan Document to which it is a party and to effect the Transactions and, except where the failure to do so, individually or in the aggregate, could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, is qualified to do

 

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business in, and is in good standing in, every jurisdiction where such qualification is required.

 

Section 3.02.  Authorization; Enforceability.  The Transactions to be entered into by each Loan Party have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate or other action and, if required, action by the holders of such Loan Party’s Equity Interests.  This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by each of Holdings and the Borrower and constitutes, and each other Loan Document to which any Loan Party is to be a party, when executed and delivered by such Loan Party, will constitute, a legal, valid and binding obligation of Holdings, the Borrower or such Loan Party, as the case may be, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other laws affecting creditors’ rights generally and subject to general principles of equity, regardless of whether considered in a proceeding in equity or at law.

 

Section 3.03.  Governmental Approvals; No Conflicts.  The Transactions (a) do not require any consent or approval of, registration or filing with, or any other action by, any Governmental Authority or Regulatory Supervising Organization, except such as have been obtained or made and are in full force and effect and except filings necessary to perfect Liens created under the Loan Documents, (b) will not violate (i) the Organizational Documents of, or (ii) any Requirements of Law applicable to, Holdings, the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary, (c) will not violate or result in a default under any indenture or other agreement or instrument binding upon Holdings, the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary or their respective assets, or give rise to a right thereunder to require any payment, repurchase or redemption to be made by Holdings, the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary, or give rise to a right of, or result in, termination, cancellation or acceleration of any obligation thereunder and (d) will not result in the creation or imposition of any Lien on any asset of Holdings, the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary, except Liens created under the Loan Documents, except (in the case of each of clauses (a), (b)(ii) and (c)) to the extent that the failure to obtain or make such consent, approval, registration, filing or action, or such violation, as the case may be, individually or in the aggregate, could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

Section 3.04.  Financial Condition; No Material Adverse Effect.

 

(a)                       The Audited Financial Statements (i) were prepared in accordance with GAAP consistently applied throughout the periods covered thereby, except as otherwise expressly noted therein and (ii) fairly present the financial condition of the Borrower and its consolidated Subsidiaries as of the date thereof and their results of operations for the periods covered thereby in accordance with GAAP consistently applied throughout the periods covered thereby, except as otherwise expressly noted therein.

 

(b)                       The unaudited consolidated balance sheet dated June 30, 2013 of the Borrower and the related consolidated statements of income or operations, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for the fiscal quarter ended on that date (i) were prepared in accordance with GAAP consistently applied throughout the periods covered thereby, except as otherwise expressly noted therein and (ii) fairly present the financial condition of the Borrower and its consolidated Subsidiaries as of the date thereof and their results

 

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of operations for the periods covered thereby, subject, in the case of clauses (i) and (ii), to the absence of footnotes and to normal year-end audit adjustments.

 

(c)                        [Reserved.]

 

(d)                       Since December 31, 2012, there has been no Material Adverse Effect.

 

Section 3.05.  Properties.

 

(a)                       Each of Holdings, the Borrower and the Restricted Subsidiaries has good title to, or valid leasehold interests in, all its real and personal property material to its business, if any (including the Mortgaged Properties), (i) free and clear of all Liens except for Liens permitted by Section 6.02 and (ii) except for minor defects in title that do not interfere with its ability to conduct its business as currently conducted or as proposed to be conducted or to utilize such properties for their intended purposes, in each case, except where the failure to do so could not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect.

 

(b)                       As of the Closing Date after giving effect to the Transactions, none of Holdings, the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary owns any real property.

 

Section 3.06.  Litigation and Environmental Matters.

 

(a)                       Except for routine examinations conducted by a Regulatory Supervising Organization or Governmental Authority in the ordinary course of the business of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries, there is no claim, action, suit, investigation or proceeding pending against, or, to the knowledge of Holdings or the Borrower, threatened in writing against or affecting (i) Holdings, the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary or (ii) any officer, director or key employee of Holdings, the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary in their respective capacities in such positions, before (or, in the case of material threatened claims, actions, suits, investigations or proceedings, would be before) or by any Governmental Authority, Regulatory Supervising Organization or arbitrator that could reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

 

(b)                       Except with respect to any matters that, individually or in the aggregate, could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, none of Holdings, the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary (i) has failed to comply with any Environmental Law or to obtain, maintain or comply with any permit, license or other approval required under any Environmental Law, (ii) has, to the knowledge of Holdings or the Borrower, become subject to any Environmental Liability, (iii)  has received written notice of any claim, allegation, investigation or order with respect to any Environmental Liability or (iv) has, to the knowledge of Holdings or the Borrower, any basis to reasonably expect that Holdings, the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary will become subject to any Environmental Liability.

 

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Section 3.07.  Compliance with Laws and Agreements.

 

(a)                       Each of Holdings, the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries is in compliance with (i) its Organizational Documents, (ii) all Requirements of Law applicable to it or its property and (iii) all indentures and other agreements and instruments binding upon it or its property, except, in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii) of this Section, where the failure to do so, individually or in the aggregate, could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

 

(b)                       Without limitation of the foregoing, none of Holdings, the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary nor, to the knowledge of the Borrower, any director, officer, agent, employee or Affiliate of Holdings, the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary is currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury Department (“OFAC”); and the Borrower will not directly or indirectly use the proceeds of the Loans, or otherwise make available such proceeds to any Person, for the purpose of financing the activities of any Person currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by OFAC.

 

Section 3.08.  Investment Company Status.  None of Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary is an “investment company” as defined in, or subject to regulation under, the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended from time to time.

 

Section 3.09.  Taxes.  Except as could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, Holdings, the Borrower and each Restricted Subsidiary (a) have timely filed or caused to be filed all Tax returns and reports required to have been filed and (b) have paid or caused to be paid all Taxes required to have been paid (whether or not shown on a Tax return) including in their capacity as tax withholding agents, except any Taxes (i) that are not overdue by more than 30 days or (ii) that are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings, provided that Holdings, the Borrower or such Subsidiary, as the case may be, has set aside on its books adequate reserves therefor in accordance with GAAP.  There are no audits, assessments, claims or other Tax proceedings against Holdings, the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary that could, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

Section 3.10.  ERISA.

 

(a)                       Except as could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, each Plan is in compliance with the applicable provisions of ERISA, the Code and other federal or state laws.

 

(b)                       Except as could not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to result in a Material Adverse Effect, (i) no ERISA Event has occurred or is reasonably expected to occur, (ii) neither Borrower nor any ERISA Affiliate has incurred, or reasonably expects to incur, any liability under Title IV of ERISA with respect to any Plan (other than premiums due and not delinquent under Section 4007 of ERISA), (iii) neither Borrower nor any ERISA Affiliate has incurred, or reasonably expects to incur, any liability (and no event has occurred which, with the giving of notice under Section 4219 of ERISA, would result in such liability) under Sections 4201 or 4243 of ERISA

 

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with respect to a Multiemployer Plan and (iv) neither Borrower nor any ERISA Affiliate has engaged in a transaction that could be subject to Section 4069 or 4212(c) of ERISA.

 

Section 3.11.  Disclosure.  Neither (a) the Information Materials as of the Closing Date nor (b) any of the other reports, financial statements, certificates or other written information furnished by or on behalf of any Loan Party to the Administrative Agent or any Lender in connection with the negotiation of any Loan Document or delivered thereunder (as modified or supplemented by other information so furnished) when taken as a whole contains any material misstatement of fact or omits to state any material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not materially misleading; provided that, with respect to projected financial information, Holdings and the Borrower represent only that such information was prepared in good faith based upon assumptions believed by them to be reasonable at the time delivered and, if such projected financial information was delivered prior to the Closing Date, as of the Closing Date, it being understood that any such projected financial information may vary from actual results and such variations could be material.

 

Section 3.12.  Subsidiaries.  As of the Closing Date, Schedule 3.12 sets forth the name of, and the ownership interest of Holdings, the Borrower and each Subsidiary in, each Subsidiary.

 

Section 3.13.  Intellectual Property; Licenses, Etc.  Each of Holdings, the Borrower and the Restricted Subsidiaries owns, licenses or possesses the right to use all Intellectual Property that is reasonably necessary for the operation of its business as currently conducted, and, without conflict with the rights of any Person, except to the extent such conflicts, individually or in the aggregate, could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.  None of Holdings, the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary, in the operation of its business as currently conducted, infringes upon any Intellectual Property rights held by any Person except for such infringements, individually or in the aggregate, which could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.  No claim or litigation regarding any Intellectual Property is pending or, to the knowledge of Holdings and the Borrower, threatened against Holdings, the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary, which, individually or in the aggregate, could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

Section 3.14.  Solvency.  Immediately after the consummation of the Transactions to occur on the Closing Date, after taking into account all applicable rights of indemnity and contribution, (a) the fair value of the assets of Holdings, the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, at a fair valuation, will exceed their debts and liabilities, subordinated, contingent or otherwise, (b) the present fair saleable value of the property of Holdings, the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, will be greater than the amount that will be required to pay the probable liability of their debts and other liabilities, subordinated, contingent or otherwise, as such debts and other liabilities become absolute and matured, (c) Holdings, the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, will be able to pay their debts and liabilities, subordinated, contingent or otherwise, as such debts and liabilities become absolute and matured, and (d) Holdings, the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries, taken as a whole,

 

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will not have unreasonably small capital with which to conduct the business in which they are engaged as such business is now conducted and is proposed to be conducted following the Closing Date.  For purposes of this Section 3.14, the amount of any contingent liability at any time shall be computed as the amount that, in the light of all of the facts and circumstances existing at such time, represents the amount that could reasonably be expected to become an actual or matured liability.

 

Section 3.15.  Senior Indebtedness.  The Loan Document Obligations constitute “Senior Indebtedness” (or any comparable term) under and as defined in the documentation governing any Junior Financing.

 

Section 3.16.  Federal Reserve Regulations..  No part of the proceeds of the Loans made on the Closing Date will be used, directly or indirectly, to purchase or carry any margin stock or to refinance any Indebtedness originally incurred for such purpose, or for any other purpose that entails a violation (including on the part of any Lender) of the provisions of Regulations U or X of the Board of Governors.

 

Section 3.17.  Use of Proceeds.  The Borrower will use the proceeds of the Term Loans on the Closing Date solely to repay all of the existing Indebtedness outstanding under the Existing Credit Agreement, to pay a special distribution to Holdings’ equity holders on the Closing Date and to pay Transaction Costs.

 

Section 3.18.  Regulatory Status and Memberships Held.

 

(a)                       Except as set forth on Schedule 3.18(a), each Broker-Dealer Subsidiary is duly (i) registered, licensed or qualified as a broker-dealer and is in compliance in all material respects with all Requirements of Law of all material jurisdictions in which it is required to be so registered, licensed or qualified and each such registration, license or qualification is in full force and effect and (ii) registered as a broker-dealer with the SEC under the Exchange Act and is in compliance in all material respects with the applicable provisions of the Exchange Act and all rules and regulations thereunder and applicable state securities laws, including the net capital requirements and customer protection requirements thereof.

 

(b)                       Each Subsidiary of the Borrower listed on Schedule 3.18(b) is duly registered with, or a member of, the Regulatory Supervising Organization(s) indicated for such Subsidiary and is in compliance in all material respects with all applicable rules and regulations of such Regulatory Supervising Organization(s).

 

ARTICLE 4
CONDITIONS

 

Section 4.01.  Closing Date.  The obligations of the Lenders to make Loans hereunder shall not become effective until the date on which each of the following conditions shall be satisfied (or waived in accordance with Section 9.02):

 

(a)                       The Administrative Agent (or its counsel) shall have received from each party hereto either (i) a counterpart of this Agreement signed on behalf of such party or

 

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(ii) written evidence satisfactory to the Administrative Agent (which may include facsimile or other electronic transmission of a signed counterpart of this Agreement) that such party has signed a counterpart of this Agreement.

 

(b)                       The Administrative Agent shall have received a written opinion (addressed to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders and dated the Closing Date) of Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP, New York counsel for the Loan Parties, substantially in the form of Exhibit E, and a written opinion (addressed to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders and dated the Closing Date) of Bracewell & Giuliani LLP, special counsel for the Loan Parties.  Each of Holdings and the Borrower hereby requests such counsels to deliver such opinions.

 

(c)                        The Administrative Agent shall have received a certificate of each Loan Party, dated the Closing Date, substantially in the form of Exhibit G with appropriate insertions, executed by any Responsible Officer of such Loan Party, and including or attaching the documents referred to in paragraph (d) of this Section.

 

(d)                       The Administrative Agent shall have received a copy of (i) each Organizational Document of each Loan Party certified, to the extent applicable, as of a recent date by the applicable Governmental Authority, (ii) signature and incumbency certificates of the Responsible Officers of each Loan Party executing the Loan Documents to which it is a party, (iii) resolutions of the board of directors and/or similar governing bodies of each Loan Party approving and authorizing the execution, delivery and performance of the Loan Documents to which it is a party, certified as of the Closing Date by its secretary, an assistant secretary or a Responsible Officer as being in full force and effect without modification or amendment, and (iv) a good standing certificate (to the extent such concept exists) from the applicable Governmental Authority of each Loan Party’s jurisdiction of incorporation, organization or formation.

 

(e)                        The Administrative Agent shall have received all fees and other amounts previously agreed in writing by the Lead Arranger and the Borrower to be due and payable on or prior to the Closing Date, including, to the extent invoiced at least three Business Days prior to the Closing Date (or such later day as the Borrower may reasonably agree), reimbursement or payment of all out-of-pocket expenses (including reasonable fees, charges and disbursements of counsel) required to be reimbursed or paid by any Loan Party under any Loan Document.

 

(f)                         The Collateral and Guarantee Requirement shall have been satisfied and the Administrative Agent shall have received a completed Perfection Certificate dated the Closing Date and signed by a Responsible Officer of the Borrower, together with all attachments contemplated thereby.

 

(g)                        The Administrative Agent (or its counsel) shall have received from each Loan Party either (i) a counterpart of the Reaffirmation Agreement signed on behalf of such party or (ii) written evidence satisfactory to the Administrative Agent (which may include facsimile or other electronic transmission of a signed counterpart of the Reaffirmation Agreement) that such party has signed a counterpart of the Reaffirmation Agreement.

 

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(h)        Certificates of insurance shall be delivered to the Administrative Agent evidencing the existence of insurance to be maintained by Holdings, the Borrower and its Subsidiaries pursuant to Section 5.07 and, if applicable, the Administrative Agent shall be designated as an additional insured and loss payee as its interest may appear thereunder, or solely as the additional insured, as the case may be, thereunder (provided that if such endorsement as additional insured cannot be delivered by the Closing Date, the Administrative Agent may consent to such endorsement being delivered at such later date as it deems appropriate in the circumstances).

 

(i)         The Lead Arranger shall have received, as described in Section 3.04, (i) the Audited Financial Statements, which financial statements shall be prepared in accordance with GAAP and accompanied by audit reports thereon (and such audit reports shall not be subject to any qualification or “going concern” disclosures) and (ii) unaudited consolidated financial statements of the Borrower comprising a balance sheet, a statement of income, a statement of changes in equity and a statement of cash flows for each fiscal quarter ending after December 31, 2012 and at least 45 days prior to the Closing Date (excluding footnotes), which financial statements shall be prepared in accordance with GAAP on a basis consistent with the applicable Audited Financial Statements referred to in clause (i) above and shall be certified by a Financial Officer as presenting fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the Borrower as of the dates or for the periods covered.

 

(j)         [Reserved.]

 

(k)        [Reserved.]

 

(l)         All principal, premium, if any, interest, fees and other amounts due or outstanding under the Existing Credit Agreement shall have been (or substantially simultaneously with the funding of Loans on the Closing Date shall be) paid in full (after giving effect to the Existing Lenders Agreement), and the Administrative Agent shall have received reasonably satisfactory evidence thereof.  Immediately after giving effect to the Transactions and the other transactions contemplated hereby, Holdings, the Borrower and the Restricted Subsidiaries shall have outstanding no Indebtedness for borrowed money other than Indebtedness outstanding under this Agreement and indebtedness permitted under Section 6.01.

 

(m)      The Administrative Agent shall have received a certificate from the chief financial officer or chief operating officer of the Borrower (x) in the form of Exhibit Q certifying as to the solvency of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis after giving effect to the Transactions and (y) as to the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 4.02.

 

(n)        The Administrative Agent and the Lead Arranger shall have received, at least three Business Days prior to the Closing Date, all documentation and other information about the Loan Parties as shall have been reasonably requested in writing at least 5 days prior to the Closing Date by the Administrative Agent or the Lead Arranger that they shall have reasonably determined is required by regulatory authorities under applicable “know your customer” and anti-money laundering rules and regulations, including without limitation the USA Patriot Act.

 

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(o)        The Administrative Agent shall have received a Borrowing Request requesting the borrowing of such Loans.

 

The Administrative Agent shall notify Holdings, the Borrower and the Lenders of the Closing Date, and such notice shall be conclusive and binding.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, the obligations of the Lenders to make Loans hereunder shall not become effective unless each of the foregoing conditions shall have been satisfied (or waived pursuant to Section 9.02) at or prior to 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on November 8, 2013 (and, in the event such conditions are not so satisfied or waived, the Commitments shall terminate at such time).

 

Section 4.02.  Each Credit Event.  The obligation of each Lender to make a Loan on the occasion of any Borrowing (including any Borrowing on the Closing Date) is subject to receipt of the request therefor in accordance herewith and to the satisfaction of the following conditions:

 

(a)        The representations and warranties of each Loan Party set forth in the Loan Documents shall be true and correct in all material respects on and as of the date of such Borrowing; provided that, to the extent that such representations and warranties specifically refer to an earlier date, they shall be true and correct in all material respects as of such earlier date; provided further that any representation and warranty that is qualified as to “materiality,” “Material Adverse Effect” or similar language shall be true and correct in all respects on the date of such credit extension or on such earlier date, as the case may be.

 

(b)        At the time of and immediately after giving effect to such Borrowing, no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing.

 

Each Borrowing (provided that a conversion or a continuation of a Borrowing shall not constitute a “Borrowing” for purposes of this Section) shall be deemed to constitute a representation and warranty by Holdings and the Borrower on the date thereof as to the matters specified in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this Section.

 

ARTICLE 5
AFFIRMATIVE COVENANTS

 

Until the Commitments shall have expired or been terminated, the principal of and interest on each Loan and all fees, expenses and other amounts (other than contingent amounts not yet due) payable under any Loan Document shall have been paid in full, each of Holdings and the Borrower covenants and agrees with the Administrative Agent and each of the Lenders that:

 

Section 5.01.  Financial Statements and Other Information.  Holdings or the Borrower will furnish to the Administrative Agent, which will furnish to each Lender:

 

(a)        on or before the date on which such financial statements are required or permitted to be filed with the SEC (or, if such financial statements are not required to be filed with the SEC, on or before the date that is 90 days after the end of each fiscal year

 

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of the Borrower), audited consolidated balance sheet and audited consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity and cash flows of the Borrower as of the end of and for such year (commencing with financial statements as of the end of and for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2013), and related notes thereto, setting forth in each case in comparative form the figures for the previous fiscal year, all reported on by KPMG LLP or any other independent registered public accounting firm of nationally recognized standing (without a “going concern” or like qualification or exception (other than with respect to, or resulting from, any potential inability to satisfy the covenants in Sections 6.12 and 6.13 of this Agreement in a future date or period) and without any qualification or exception as to the scope of such audit) to the effect that such consolidated financial statements present fairly in all material respects the financial condition as of the end of and for such year and results of operations and cash flows of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP consistently applied, and which statements shall include an accompanying customary management discussion and analysis (which, for the avoidance of doubt, shall not be required to include strategy level detail with respect to operational performance, trading algorithms, “ticker-level” information or information that the Borrower otherwise reasonably considers to be proprietary or highly sensitive);

 

(b)        commencing with the financial statements for the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2013, on or before the date on which such financial statements are required or permitted to be filed with the SEC with respect to each of the first three fiscal quarters of each fiscal year of the Borrower (or, if such financial statements are not required to be filed with the SEC, on or before the date that is 30 days after the end of each such fiscal quarter), unaudited consolidated balance sheet and unaudited consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity and cash flows as of the end of and for such fiscal quarter and the then elapsed portion of the fiscal year, setting forth in each case in comparative form the figures for the corresponding period or periods of (or, in the case of the balance sheet, as of the end of) the previous fiscal year, all certified by a Financial Officer as presenting fairly in all material respects the financial condition as of the end of and for such fiscal quarter and such portion of the fiscal year and results of operations and cash flows of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP consistently applied, subject to normal year-end audit adjustments and the absence of footnotes and which statements shall include an accompanying customary management discussion and analysis (which, for the avoidance of doubt, shall not be required to include strategy level detail with respect to operational performance, trading algorithms, “ticker-level” information or information that the Borrower otherwise reasonably considers to be proprietary or highly sensitive);

 

(c)        simultaneously with the delivery of each set of consolidated financial statements referred to in clauses (a) and (b) above, the related consolidating financial statements reflecting adjustments necessary to eliminate the accounts of Unrestricted Subsidiaries (if any) from such consolidated financial statements;

 

(d)        not later than five days after any delivery of financial statements under paragraph (a) or (b) above (and, in any event, not later than five days after the date on which such financial statements were required to have been delivered), a certificate of a Financial Officer (i) certifying as to whether a Default has occurred and, if a Default has

 

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occurred, specifying the details thereof and any action taken or proposed to be taken with respect thereto, (ii) setting forth reasonably detailed calculations (A) demonstrating compliance with the covenants contained in Sections 6.12 and 6.13 and (B) beginning with the financial statements for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2013, of Excess Cash Flow for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2013 and, in the case of financial statements delivered with respect to any subsequent fiscal quarter, of Excess Cash Flow for such fiscal quarter (or in the case of financial statements delivered under paragraph (a) above, for the fourth fiscal quarter of such fiscal year) and (iii) in the case of financial statements delivered under paragraph (a) or (b) above, setting forth a reasonably detailed calculation of the Net Proceeds received during the applicable period by or on behalf of the Borrower or any of its Restricted Subsidiary in respect of any event described in clause (a) of the definition of the term “Prepayment Event” and the portion of such Net Proceeds that has been invested or are intended to be reinvested in accordance with the proviso in Section 2.09(b);

 

(e)        not later than five days after any delivery of financial statements under paragraph (a) above, a certificate of the accounting firm that reported on such financial statements stating whether it obtained knowledge during the course of its examination of such financial statements of any Default relating to Sections 6.12 and 6.13 and, if such knowledge has been obtained, describing such Default (which certificate may be limited to the extent required by accounting rules or guidelines);

 

(f)        not later than 90 days after the commencement of each fiscal year of the Borrower, a detailed consolidated budget for the Borrower and its Subsidiaries for such fiscal year (consisting of projected net revenue by asset class and geography, projected expenses, projected GAAP EBITDA (i.e., earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization) and projected capital expenditures for such fiscal year and setting forth the material assumptions used for purposes of preparing such budget);

 

(g)        promptly after the same become publicly available, copies of all proxy statements and registration statements (other than amendments to any registration statement (to the extent such registration statement, in the form it became effective, is delivered to the Administrative Agent), exhibits to any registration statement and, if applicable, any registration statement on Form S-8) filed by Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries with the SEC or with any national securities exchange, or distributed by Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to the holders of its Equity Interests generally, as the case may be;

 

(h)        promptly upon filing with any applicable Regulatory Supervising Organization, a copy of each FOCUS report or similar report relating to the regulatory capital or similar requirements applicable to the Subsidiary filing such report;

 

(i)         promptly after the request by the Administrative Agent on the behalf of any Lender, all documentation and other information that such Lender reasonably requests in order to comply with its ongoing obligations under applicable “know your customer” and anti-money laundering rules and regulations, including the USA Patriot Act;

 

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(j)         promptly following any request therefor, such other information regarding the operations, business affairs and financial condition of Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries, or compliance with the terms of any Loan Document, as the Administrative Agent on its own behalf or on behalf of any Lender may reasonably request in writing; and

 

(k)        within 15 days after the end of each calendar month, a statement of the consolidated net trading revenue of the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries for such calendar month and for the then elapsed portion of the fiscal year, all certified by one of the Borrower’s Financial Officers as fairly presenting the net trading revenue of the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries as described in the Borrower’s internal books and records (which statement need not be prepared in accordance with GAAP).

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, the obligations in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this Section 5.01 may be satisfied with respect to financial information of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries by furnishing (A) the Form 10-K or 10-Q (or the equivalent), as applicable, of the Borrower (or a parent company thereof) filed with the SEC or any national securities exchange or (B) the applicable financial statements of Holdings (or any direct or indirect parent of Holdings); provided that (i) to the extent such information relates to a parent of the Borrower, such information is accompanied by consolidating information, which may be unaudited, that explains in reasonable detail the differences between the information relating to such parent, on the one hand, and the information relating to the Borrower and its Subsidiaries on a standalone basis, on the other hand, and (ii) to the extent such information is in lieu of information required to be provided under Section 5.01(a), such materials are accompanied by a report and opinion of KPMG LLP or any other independent registered public accounting firm of nationally recognized standing, which report and opinion shall be prepared in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards and shall not be subject to any “going concern” or like qualification or exception (other than with respect to, or resulting from, any potential inability to satisfy the covenants in Sections 6.12 and 6.13 of this Agreement in a future date or period) or any qualification or exception as to the scope of such audit.

 

Documents required to be delivered pursuant to Section 5.01(a), (b) or (f) (to the extent any such documents are included in materials otherwise filed with the SEC) may be delivered electronically and, if so delivered, shall be deemed to have been delivered on the date (i) on which the Borrower posts such documents, or provides a link thereto, on the Borrower’s website on the Internet at the website address listed on Schedule 9.01 (or otherwise notified pursuant to Section 9.01(e)); or (ii) on which such documents are posted on the Borrower’s behalf on an Internet or intranet website, if any, to which each Lender and the Administrative Agent have access (whether a commercial, third-party website or whether sponsored by the Administrative Agent); provided that: (i) the Borrower shall deliver paper copies of such documents to the Administrative Agent upon its reasonable request until a written notice to cease delivering paper copies is given by the Administrative Agent and (ii) the Borrower shall notify the Administrative Agent (by telecopier or electronic mail) of the posting of any such documents and, upon its reasonable request, provide to the Administrative Agent by electronic mail electronic versions (i.e., soft copies) of such documents.  The Administrative Agent shall have no obligation to request the delivery of or maintain paper copies of the documents referred to

 

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above, and each Lender shall be solely responsible for timely accessing posted documents and maintaining its copies of such documents.

 

The Borrower hereby acknowledges that (a) the Administrative Agent and/or the Lead Arranger will make available to the Lenders materials and/or information provided by or on behalf of the Borrower hereunder (collectively, “Borrower Materials”) by posting the Borrower Materials on IntraLinks or another similar electronic system (the “Platform”) and (b) certain of the Lenders (each, a “Public Lender”) may have personnel who do not wish to receive material non-public information with respect to the Borrower or its Affiliates, or the respective securities of any of the foregoing, and who may be engaged in investment and other market-related activities with respect to such Persons’ securities.  The Borrower hereby agrees that it will use commercially reasonable efforts to identify that portion of the Borrower Materials that may be distributed to the Public Lenders and that (w) all such Borrower Materials shall be clearly and conspicuously marked “PUBLIC” which, at a minimum, shall mean that the word “PUBLIC” shall appear prominently on the first page thereof; (x) by marking Borrower Materials “PUBLIC,” the Borrower shall be deemed to have authorized the Administrative Agent, the Lead Arranger and the Lenders to treat such Borrower Materials as not containing any material non-public information (although it may be sensitive and proprietary) with respect to the Borrower or its securities for purposes of United States Federal and state securities laws (provided, however, that to the extent such Borrower Materials constitute Information, they shall be treated as set forth in Section 9.12); (y) all Borrower Materials marked “PUBLIC” are permitted to be made available through a portion of the Platform designated “Public Side Information”; and (z) the Administrative Agent and the Lead Arranger shall be entitled to treat any Borrower Materials that are not marked “PUBLIC” as being suitable only for posting on a portion of the Platform not designated “Public Side Information.”  Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Borrower shall be under no obligation to mark any Borrower Materials “PUBLIC”; provided, that the following Borrower Materials may be marked “PUBLIC” unless the Borrower, after receiving notice from the Administrative Agent within a reasonable period of time prior to the intended distribution of such Borrower Materials, notifies the Administrative Agent that such Borrower Materials contain material non-public information: (1) the Loan Documents and (2) any notification of changes in the terms of the facilities provided hereunder.

 

Section 5.02.  Notices of Material Events.  Promptly after any Responsible Officer of Holdings or the Borrower obtains actual knowledge thereof, Holdings or the Borrower will furnish to the Administrative Agent (for distribution to each Lender through the Administrative Agent) written notice of the following:

 

(a)        the occurrence of any Default;

 

(b)        the filing or commencement of any action, suit or proceeding by or before any arbitrator, Governmental Authority or Regulatory Supervising Organization against or, to the knowledge of a Financial Officer or another executive officer of Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower or any Subsidiary, affecting Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower or any Subsidiary or the receipt of a notice of an Environmental Liability that could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect;

 

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(c)        the commencement of any investigation by any Governmental Authority of or affecting Holdings, the Borrower or any Subsidiary that could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect;

 

(d)        the occurrence of any ERISA Event that could reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to result in a Material Adverse Effect;

 

(e)        the appearance of Holdings, the Borrower or any Subsidiary or Vincent Viola on the Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Person List or other similar lists maintained by OFAC and/or the United States Department of Treasury, or identified in any related executive orders issued by the President of the United States; and

 

(f)        the occurrence of any IPO or any Qualifying IPO.

 

Each notice delivered under this Section shall be accompanied by a written statement of a Responsible Officer of Holdings or the Borrower setting forth the details of the event or development requiring such notice and any action taken or proposed to be taken with respect thereto.

 

Section 5.03.  Information Regarding Collateral.

 

(a)        Holdings or the Borrower will furnish to the Administrative Agent prompt (and in any event within 30 days or such longer period as reasonably agreed to by the Administrative Agent) written notice of any change (i) in any Loan Party’s legal name (as set forth in its certificate of organization or like document), (ii) in the jurisdiction of incorporation or organization of any Loan Party or in the form of its organization or (iii) in any Loan Party’s organizational identification number.

 

(b)        Not later than five days after delivery of financial statements pursuant to Section 5.01(a) or (b) (and, in any event, not later than five days after the date on which such financial statements were required to have been delivered), Holdings or the Borrower shall deliver to the Administrative Agent a certificate executed by a Responsible Officer of Holdings or the Borrower (i) setting forth the information required pursuant to Sections 1(a)(i), 1(b), 2, 5, 6 and 8 (other than 8(f)) of the Perfection Certificate or confirming that there has been no change in such information since the date of the Perfection Certificate delivered on the Closing Date or the date of the most recent certificate delivered pursuant to this Section, (ii) identifying any Wholly Owned Subsidiary that has become, or ceased to be, a Material Subsidiary during the most recently ended fiscal quarter and (iii) certifying that all notices required to be given prior to the date of such certificate by Section 5.03 have been given.

 

Section 5.04.  Existence; Conduct of Business.  Each of Holdings and the Borrower will, and will cause each Intermediate Parent and Restricted Subsidiary to, do or cause to be done all things necessary to obtain, preserve, renew and keep in full force and effect its legal existence and the rights, licenses, permits, privileges, franchises (including exchange memberships), patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade names and Governmental Approvals material to the conduct of its business, except to the extent (other than with respect to the preservation of the existence of Holdings and the Borrower) that the failure to do so, individually or in the aggregate, could not reasonably be

 

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expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; provided that the foregoing shall not prohibit any merger, consolidation, liquidation or dissolution permitted under Section 6.03 or any Disposition permitted by Section 6.05.

 

Section 5.05.  Payment of Taxes, Etc.  Each of Holdings and the Borrower will, and will cause each Intermediate Parent and Restricted Subsidiary to, pay its obligations in respect of Tax liabilities, assessments and governmental charges, before the same shall become delinquent or in default, except where the failure to make such payment could not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

 

Section 5.06.  Maintenance of Properties.  Each of Holdings and the Borrower will, and will cause each Restricted Subsidiary to, keep and maintain all property material to the conduct of its business in good working order and condition, ordinary wear and tear excepted, except where the failure to do so could not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect.

 

Section 5.07.  Insurance.  Each of Holdings and the Borrower will, and will cause each Restricted Subsidiary to, maintain, with insurance companies that Holdings believes (in the good faith judgment of the management of Holdings) are financially sound and responsible at the time the relevant coverage is placed or renewed, insurance in at least such amounts (after giving effect to any self-insurance which Holdings believes (in the good faith judgment of management of Holdings) is reasonable and prudent in light of the size and nature of its business) and against at least such risks (and with such risk retentions) as Holdings believes (in the good faith judgment of the management of Holdings) are reasonable and prudent in light of the size and nature of its business, and will furnish to the Lenders, upon written request from the Administrative Agent, information presented in reasonable detail as to the insurance so carried.  Each such policy of insurance shall (a) name the Administrative Agent, on behalf of the Lenders, as an additional insured thereunder as its interests may appear and (b) in the case of each casualty insurance policy, contain a loss payable clause or endorsement that names the Administrative Agent, on behalf of the Lenders, as the loss payee thereunder.

 

Section 5.08.  Books and Records; Inspection and Audit Rights; Quarterly Teleconferences.

 

(a)        Each of Holdings and the Borrower will, and will cause each Intermediate Parent and Restricted Subsidiary to, maintain proper books of record and account in which entries that are full, true and correct in all material respects and are in conformity with GAAP consistently applied shall be made of all material financial transactions and matters involving the assets and business of Holdings, the Borrower, such Intermediate Parent or such Restricted Subsidiary, as the case may be. Each of Holdings and the Borrower will, and will cause each Intermediate Parent and Restricted Subsidiary to, permit any representatives designated by the Administrative Agent or any Lender, upon reasonable prior notice, to visit and inspect its properties, to examine and make extracts from its books and records, and to discuss its affairs, finances and condition with its officers and independent accountants, all at such reasonable times and as often as reasonably requested; provided that, excluding any such visits and inspections during the

 

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continuation of an Event of Default, only the Administrative Agent on behalf of the Lenders may exercise visitation and inspection rights of the Administrative Agent and the Lenders under this Section 5.08 and the Administrative Agent shall not exercise such rights more often than two times during any calendar year absent the existence of an Event of Default and only one such time shall be at the Borrower’s expense; provided further that (i) when an Event of Default exists, the Administrative Agent or any Lender (or any of their respective representatives or independent contractors) may do any of the foregoing at the expense of the Borrower at any time during normal business hours and upon reasonable advance notice and (ii) the Administrative Agent and the Lenders shall give Holdings and the Borrower the opportunity to participate in any discussions with Holdings’ or the Borrower’s independent public accountants.

 

(b)        Within 10 Business Days of the earlier of (x) the delivery of any financial statements required to be delivered under Section 5.01(a) or (b) and (y) the date on which such financial statements were required to have been delivered, the Borrower shall host a teleconference meeting with the Lenders to discuss the results presented therein or for the applicable period, as applicable, and such other matters reasonably related thereto.

 

Section 5.09.  Compliance with Laws.  Each of Holdings and the Borrower will, and will cause each Intermediate Parent and Restricted Subsidiary to, comply with its Organizational Documents and all Requirements of Law (including Environmental Laws, ERISA and the USA Patriot Act) with respect to it, its property and operations, except where the failure to do so, individually or in the aggregate, could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

 

Section 5.10.  Use of Proceeds.

 

(a)        The Borrower will use the proceeds of the Term Loans on the Closing Date solely to (i) repay all of the existing Indebtedness outstanding under the Existing Credit Agreement, (ii) pay a special distribution to Holdings’ equity holders on the Closing Date and (iii)  pay Transaction Costs.

 

(b)        The Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries will use the proceeds of borrowings under any Incremental Revolving Facility or pursuant to any Incremental Term Facility for working capital and other general corporate purposes, including the financing of Permitted Acquisitions.

 

Section 5.11.  Additional Subsidiaries.

 

(a)        If (i) any additional Restricted Subsidiary or Intermediate Parent is formed or acquired after the Closing Date or (ii) if any Restricted Subsidiary ceases to be an Excluded Subsidiary, an Immaterial Subsidiary, a Foreign Subsidiary, a Regulated Subsidiary or an Excluded Domestic Subsidiary, Holdings or the Borrower will, within 30 days after such formation, acquisition or cessation, notify the Administrative Agent thereof, and will cause (x) such Restricted Subsidiary (unless such Restricted Subsidiary is an Excluded Subsidiary, a Foreign Subsidiary, a Regulated Subsidiary or an Excluded Domestic Subsidiary) or Intermediate Parent to satisfy the Collateral and Guarantee Requirement with respect to such Restricted Subsidiary or Intermediate Parent and (y) any Loan Party that owns any Equity Interests in or Indebtedness of any such Restricted

 

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Subsidiary (other than an IPO Shell Company) or Intermediate Parent to satisfy the Collateral and Guarantee Requirement with respect to such Equity Interests and Indebtedness, in each case within 30 days after such notice (or such longer period as the Administrative Agent shall reasonably agree and the Administrative Agent shall have received a completed Perfection Certificate with respect to such Restricted Subsidiary or Intermediate Parent signed by a Responsible Officer, together with all attachments contemplated thereby).

 

(b)        Within 30 days (or such longer period as the Administrative Agent may reasonably agree) after Holdings or the Borrower identifies any new Material Subsidiary pursuant to Section 5.03(b), all actions (if any) required to be taken with respect to such Subsidiary in order to satisfy the Collateral and Guarantee Requirement shall have been taken with respect to such Subsidiary.

 

Section 5.12.  Further Assurances.

 

(a)        Each of Holdings and the Borrower will, and will cause each Loan Party to, execute any and all further documents, financing statements, agreements and instruments, and take all such further actions (including the filing and recording of financing statements, fixture filings, mortgages, deeds of trust and other documents), that may be required under any applicable law or that the Administrative Agent or the Required Lenders may reasonably request, to cause the Collateral and Guarantee Requirement to be and remain satisfied, all at the expense of the Loan Parties.

 

(b)        If, after the Closing Date, any material assets (including any owned (but not leased) real property or improvements thereto or any interest therein with a fair market value in excess of $5,000,000) are acquired by the Borrower or any other Loan Party or are held by any Subsidiary on or after the time it becomes a Loan Party pursuant to Section 5.11 (other than assets constituting Collateral under a Security Document that become subject to the Lien created by such Security Document upon acquisition thereof or constituting Excluded Assets), the Borrower will notify the Administrative Agent thereof, and, if requested by the Administrative Agent, the Borrower will cause such assets to be subjected to a Lien securing the Secured Obligations and will take, and cause the other Loan Parties to take, such actions as shall be necessary and reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent to grant and perfect such Liens, including actions described in paragraph (a) of this Section, all at the expense of the Loan Parties and subject to the last paragraph of the definition of the term “Collateral and Guarantee Requirement.”

 

Section 5.13.  Designation of Subsidiaries.  The Borrower may at any time after the Closing Date designate any Restricted Subsidiary of the Borrower as an Unrestricted Subsidiary or any Unrestricted Subsidiary as a Restricted Subsidiary; provided that (a) immediately before and after such designation on a Pro Forma Basis, no Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, (b) immediately after giving effect to such designation, the Borrower shall be in compliance, on a Pro Forma Basis, with the covenants set forth in Sections 6.12 and 6.13 recomputed as of the last day of the most recent Test Period for which financial statements are available, (c) no Subsidiary may be designated as an Unrestricted Subsidiary or continue as an Unrestricted Subsidiary if it is a “Restricted Subsidiary” for the purpose of any other Indebtedness of Holdings or the

 

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Borrower and (d) if a Restricted Subsidiary is being designated as an Unrestricted Subsidiary hereunder, the sum of (A) the fair market value of assets of such Restricted Subsidiary as of such date of designation (the “Designation Date”), plus (B) the aggregate fair market value of assets of all Unrestricted Subsidiaries (in each case measured as of the date of each such Unrestricted Subsidiary’s designation as an Unrestricted Subsidiary) shall not exceed 3.0% of the Consolidated Total Assets of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries as of such Designation Date pro forma for such designation.  The designation of any Subsidiary as an Unrestricted Subsidiary after the Closing Date shall constitute an Investment by the Borrower therein at the date of designation in an amount equal to the fair market value of the Borrower’s or its Subsidiary’s (as applicable) investment therein.  The designation of any Unrestricted Subsidiary as a Restricted Subsidiary shall constitute (i) the incurrence at the time of designation of any Investment, Indebtedness or Liens of such Subsidiary existing at such time and (ii) a return on any Investment by the Borrower in Unrestricted Subsidiaries pursuant to the preceding sentence in an amount equal to the fair market value at the date of such designation of the Borrower’s or its Subsidiary’s (as applicable) Investment in such Subsidiary.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, any Unrestricted Subsidiary that has been re-designated a Restricted Subsidiary may not be subsequently re-designated as an Unrestricted Subsidiary.

 

Section 5.14.  [Reserved.]

 

Section 5.15. Maintenance of Ratings. The Borrower will use commercially reasonable efforts to maintain a corporate credit rating from S&P and a corporate family rating from Moody’s, in each case with respect to the Borrower, and a rating of the Term Loans by each of S&P and Moody’s.

 

Section 5.16.  [Reserved.]

 

Section 5.17.  Regulatory Matters.  The Borrower will, and will cause each of its Regulated Subsidiaries to, comply in all material respects with all material rules and regulations, as applicable, of the SEC, FINRA or any other applicable domestic or foreign Governmental Authority or Regulatory Supervising Organization (including such rules and regulations dealing with net capital or other applicable requirements), except, with respect to all such matters, other than noncompliance by such Regulated Subsidiaries with minimum capital requirements, to the extent that failure to comply therewith would not, in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

ARTICLE 6
NEGATIVE COVENANTS

 

Until the Commitments have expired or been terminated and the principal of and interest on each Loan and all fees, expenses and other amounts payable (other than contingent amounts not yet due) under any Loan Document have been paid in full, each of Holdings and the Borrower covenants and agrees with the Administrative Agent and each of the Lenders that:

 

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Section 6.01.  Indebtedness; Certain Equity Securities.

 

(a)                       Holdings and the Borrower will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary or Intermediate Parent to, create, incur, assume or permit to exist any Indebtedness, except:

 

(i)                                     Indebtedness of Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower and any of the Restricted Subsidiaries under the Loan Documents (including any Indebtedness incurred pursuant to Section 2.18 or 2.19);

 

(ii)                                  Indebtedness (A) outstanding on the date hereof and listed on Schedule 6.01 and any Permitted Refinancing thereof and (B) intercompany Indebtedness outstanding on the date hereof and listed on Schedule 6.01;

 

(iii)                               Guarantees by Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower and the Restricted Subsidiaries in respect of Indebtedness of the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary otherwise permitted hereunder; provided that such Guarantee is otherwise permitted by Section 6.04; provided further that (A) no Guarantee by any Restricted Subsidiary of any Junior Financing shall be permitted unless such Restricted Subsidiary shall have also provided a Guarantee of the Loan Document Obligations pursuant to the Guarantee Agreement, (B) if the Indebtedness being Guaranteed is subordinated to the Loan Document Obligations, such Guarantee shall be subordinated to the Guarantee of the Loan Document Obligations on terms at least as favorable to the Lenders as those contained in the subordination of such Indebtedness, (C) no Guarantee by a Regulated Subsidiary of any Trading Debt of a non-Regulated Subsidiary shall be permitted unless such non-Regulated Subsidiary is consolidated with such Regulated Subsidiary for regulatory capital purposes, (D) no Guarantee by a Domestic Subsidiary that is not a Regulated Subsidiary of any Trading Debt shall be permitted unless such Domestic Subsidiary is a Subsidiary Loan Party and (E) any such Guarantee of Trading Debt shall be unsecured;

 

(iv)                              Indebtedness of the Borrower owing to any Restricted Subsidiary or of any Restricted Subsidiary owing to any other Restricted Subsidiary or the Borrower, Holdings or any Intermediate Parent to the extent permitted by Section 6.04; provided that all such Indebtedness of any Loan Party owing to any Restricted Subsidiary that is not a Loan Party shall be subordinated to the Loan Document Obligations (to the extent any such Indebtedness is outstanding at any time after the date that is 30 days after the Closing Date or such later date as the Administrative Agent may reasonably agree) (but only to the extent permitted by applicable law and not giving rise to adverse tax consequences) on terms (i) at least as favorable to the Lenders as those set forth in the form of intercompany note attached as Exhibit H or (ii) otherwise reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent;

 

(v)                                 (A) Indebtedness (including Capital Lease Obligations) of the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiaries financing the acquisition, construction, repair, replacement or improvement of fixed or capital assets, other than software; provided that such Indebtedness is incurred concurrently with or within 270 days

 

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after the applicable acquisition, construction, repair, replacement or improvement, and (B) any Permitted Refinancing of any Indebtedness set forth in the immediately preceding clause (A); provided further that, at the time of any such incurrence of Indebtedness and after giving Pro Forma Effect thereto and the use of the proceeds thereof, the aggregate principal amount of Indebtedness that is outstanding in reliance on this clause (v) shall not exceed the greater of $50,000,000 and 15% of Consolidated EBITDA for the most recently ended Test Period for which financial statements are available as of such time;

 

(vi)                              Indebtedness in respect of Swap Agreements permitted by Section 6.07;

 

(vii)                           Indebtedness of any Person that becomes a Restricted Subsidiary (or of any Person not previously a Restricted Subsidiary that is merged or consolidated with or into the Borrower or a Restricted Subsidiary) after the date hereof as a result of a Permitted Acquisition, or Indebtedness of any Person that is assumed by the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary in connection with an acquisition of assets by the Borrower or such Restricted Subsidiary in a Permitted Acquisition, and Permitted Refinancings thereof; provided that (A) such Indebtedness is not incurred in contemplation of or in connection with such Permitted Acquisition, (B) the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries will be in Pro Forma Compliance with the covenants set forth in Sections 6.12 and 6.13 for, or as of the last day of, the most recently ended Test Period for which financial statements are available and (C) no Default or Event of Default shall exist or result therefrom;

 

(viii)                        Indebtedness of the Borrower and the Subsidiary Loan Parties incurred to finance a Permitted Acquisition and any Permitted Refinancing thereof; provided that (A) the primary obligor in respect of, and any Person that Guarantees, such Indebtedness shall be the Borrower or a Subsidiary Loan Party and no other Person shall be an obligor in respect of such Indebtedness, (B) such Indebtedness is (x) unsecured and has terms and conditions (other than pricing, optional prepayment, redemption premiums and subordination terms), taken as a whole, that are not materially less favorable to the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries as the terms and conditions of this Agreement or (y) so long as there is availability under the Incremental Cap, secured by the Collateral (and no other assets) on a pari passu or junior basis with the Secured Obligations; provided that (1) such secured debt shall reduce availability under the Incremental Cap on a dollar-for-dollar basis, (2) such secured debt shall not have a Weighted Average Life to Maturity shorter than the Weighted Average Life to Maturity of the Term Loans, (3) such secured debt shall not have any mandatory prepayment provisions (other than provisions related to customary asset sale and change of control offers) that could result in prepayments of such Indebtedness prior to the Term Loans, (4) such secured debt has terms and conditions (other than pricing, optional prepayment, redemption premiums and subordination terms), taken as a whole, that are substantially identical to or no more favorable to the investors providing such debt than the terms and conditions of this Agreement (except for covenants or other provisions applicable only to periods after the Latest Maturity Date), (5) the security agreements relating to such Indebtedness shall be

 

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substantially the same as the Security Documents (with such differences as are reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent) and (6) such Indebtedness and any agent or trustee under the agreements or indenture governing such Indebtedness shall be subject to the First Lien Intercreditor Agreement or Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement, as applicable; provided that if such Indebtedness is issued pursuant to an agreement or indenture that has not previously been made subject thereto, then Holdings, the Borrower, the Subsidiary Loan Parties, the Administrative Agent and the agent or trustee for such Indebtedness shall have executed and delivered the First Lien Intercreditor Agreement or the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement, as applicable, (C) such Indebtedness does not mature prior to the date that is 180 days after the Latest Maturity Date, (D) such Indebtedness has no scheduled amortization or payments, repurchases or redemptions of principal prior to the date that is 180 days after the Latest Maturity Date and (E) immediately after giving effect thereto and the use of the proceeds thereof, (x) no Default or Event of Default shall exist or result therefrom and (y) the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries will be in Pro Forma Compliance with the covenants set forth in Sections 6.12 and 6.13 for, or as of the last day of, the most recently ended Test Period for which financial statements are available; provided that the Borrower shall have delivered a certificate of a Responsible Officer to the Administrative Agent at least five Business Days prior to the incurrence of such Indebtedness, together with a reasonably detailed description of the material terms and conditions of such Indebtedness or drafts of the documentation relating thereto, stating that the Borrower has determined in good faith that such terms and conditions satisfy the foregoing requirements;

 

(ix)                              Indebtedness incurred by a Restricted Subsidiary that is not a Loan Party to finance a Permitted Acquisition and any Permitted Refinancing thereof; provided that (A) immediately after giving effect thereto and the use of the proceeds thereof, (x) no Default or Event of Default shall exist or result therefrom and (y) the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries will be in Pro Forma Compliance with the covenants set forth in Sections 6.12 and 6.13 for, or as of the last day of, the most recently ended Test Period for which financial statements are available and (B) the aggregate principal amount of outstanding Indebtedness incurred in reliance on this clause (ix) shall not exceed $10,000,000 at any time;

 

(x)                                 Indebtedness representing deferred compensation to employees of Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries incurred in the ordinary course of business;

 

(xi)                              Indebtedness consisting of unsecured promissory notes issued by any Loan Party to current or former officers, directors and employees, their permitted transferees, or their respective estates, executors, trustees, administrators, heirs, legatees or distributees to finance the purchase or redemption of Equity Interests of Holdings (or any direct or indirect parent thereof or any Employee Holding Vehicle) permitted by Section 6.08(a);

 

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(xii)                           Indebtedness constituting indemnification obligations or obligations in respect of purchase price or other similar adjustments incurred in a Permitted Acquisition, any other Investment or any Disposition, in each case permitted under this Agreement;

 

(xiii)                        Indebtedness consisting of obligations under deferred compensation or other similar arrangements incurred in connection with any Permitted Acquisition or other Investment permitted hereunder;

 

(xiv)                       Cash Management Obligations and other Indebtedness in respect of netting services, overdraft protections and similar arrangements, in each case, incurred in the ordinary course of business in connection with deposit accounts;

 

(xv)                          Indebtedness of the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries; provided that at the time of the incurrence thereof and after giving Pro Forma Effect thereto and the use of the proceeds thereof, (A) the aggregate principal amount of Indebtedness outstanding in reliance on this clause (xv) shall not exceed $50,000,000 and (B) the aggregate principal amount of Indebtedness outstanding in reliance on this clause (xv) in respect of which the primary obligor or a guarantor is a Restricted Subsidiary that is not a Loan Party shall not exceed $20,000,000;

 

(xvi)                       Indebtedness consisting of (A) the financing of insurance premiums or (B) take-or-pay obligations contained in supply arrangements, in each case in the ordinary course of business;

 

(xvii)                    Indebtedness incurred by the Borrower or any of the Restricted Subsidiaries in respect of letters of credit, bank guarantees, bankers’ acceptances or similar instruments issued or created in the ordinary course of business, including in respect of workers compensation claims, health, disability or other employee benefits or property, casualty or liability insurance or self-insurance or other reimbursement-type obligations regarding workers compensation claims;

 

(xviii)                 obligations in respect of performance, bid, appeal and surety bonds and performance and completion guarantees and similar obligations provided by the Borrower or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries or obligations in respect of letters of credit, bank guarantees or similar instruments related thereto, in each case in the ordinary course of business or consistent with past practice;

 

(xix)                       unsecured Indebtedness of Holdings or any Intermediate Parent (“Permitted Holdings Debt”) (A) that is not subject to any Guarantee by the Borrower or any Subsidiary, (B) that will not mature prior to the date that is 91 days after the Latest Maturity Date in effect on the date of issuance or incurrence thereof, (C) that has no scheduled amortization or payments, repurchases or redemptions of principal (it being understood that such Indebtedness may have mandatory prepayment, repurchase or redemption provisions satisfying the requirements of clause (E) below), (D) that does not require any payments in cash of interest or other amounts in respect of the principal thereof prior to the earlier to occur of (x) the date that is five years from the date of the issuance or

 

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incurrence thereof and (y) the date that is 91 days after the Latest Maturity Date in effect on the date of such issuance or incurrence, and (E) that has mandatory prepayment, repurchase or redemption, covenant, default and remedy provisions customary for senior discount notes of an issuer that is the parent of a borrower under senior secured credit facilities, and in any event, with respect to covenant, default and remedy provisions, no more restrictive (taken as a whole) than those set forth in this Agreement (other than provisions customary for senior discount notes of a holding company); provided that the Borrower shall have delivered a certificate of a Responsible Officer to the Administrative Agent at least five Business Days prior to the incurrence of such Indebtedness, together with a reasonably detailed description of the material terms and conditions of such Indebtedness or drafts of the documentation relating thereto, stating that the Borrower has determined in good faith that such terms and conditions satisfy the foregoing requirements; provided further that any such Indebtedness shall constitute Permitted Holdings Debt only if immediately after giving effect to the issuance or incurrence thereof and the use of proceeds thereof, (x) no Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing and (y) the Borrower and the Restricted Subsidiaries will be in Pro Forma Compliance with the covenants set forth in Sections 6.12 and 6.13 for, or as of the last day of, the most recently ended Test Period for which financial statements are available (it being understood that any future capitalized or paid-in-kind interest or accreted principal on such Indebtedness is not subject to this proviso);

 

(xx)                          Permitted Unsecured Refinancing Debt, and any Permitted Refinancing thereof;

 

(xxi)                       Permitted First Priority Refinancing Debt and Permitted Junior Lien Refinancing Debt, and any Permitted Refinancing thereof;

 

(xxii)                    Indebtedness of the Borrower in respect of one or more series of senior unsecured notes or senior secured notes that will be secured by the Collateral on a pari passu or junior basis with the Secured Obligations, that are issued or made in lieu of Incremental Revolving Facilities and/or Incremental Term Facilities pursuant to an indenture or a note purchase agreement or otherwise and any extensions, renewals, refinancings and replacements thereof (the “Additional Notes”); provided that (i) such Additional Notes are not scheduled to mature prior to the date that is 91 days after the Latest Maturity Date then in effect and such Additional Notes shall not have a Weighted Average Life to Maturity shorter than the Weighted Average Life to Maturity of the Term Loans then in effect, (ii) such Additional Notes shall not have any mandatory prepayment provisions (other than provisions related to customary asset sale and change of control offers) that could result in prepayments of such Additional Notes prior to the Term Loans then in effect, (iii) such Additional Notes have terms and conditions (other than pricing, optional prepayment, redemption premiums and subordination terms), taken as a whole, that are substantially identical to or no more favorable to the investors providing such Additional Notes than the terms and conditions of this Agreement (except for covenants or other provisions applicable only to periods after the Latest Maturity Date), (iv) the aggregate principal amount of all Additional Notes issued pursuant to this

 

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paragraph (xxii) shall not exceed (x) the Incremental Cap less (y) the amount of all Incremental Revolving Facilities and Incremental Term Facilities and the aggregate principal amount of all secured Indebtedness incurred after the Closing Date pursuant to Section 6.01(a)(viii), and such Additional Notes shall reduce availability under the Incremental Cap on a dollar-for-dollar basis, (v) such Additional Notes shall not be Guaranteed by any Person other than a Loan Party, (vi) in the case of Additional Notes that are secured, the obligations in respect thereof shall not be secured by any Lien on any asset of the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary other than any asset constituting Collateral, (vii) at the time of such incurrence (except in the case of any extension, renewal, refinancing or replacement thereof that does not exceed the principal amount (or accreted value, if applicable) of the Indebtedness so extended, renewed, refinanced or replaced) and immediately after giving effect thereto, the Borrower shall be in compliance with the covenants set forth in Sections 6.12 and 6.13 on a Pro Forma Basis as of the end of the most recent Test Period for which financial statements are available, (viii) no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing or would exist immediately after giving effect to such incurrence, (ix) if such Additional Notes are secured, the security agreements relating to such Additional Notes shall be substantially the same as the Security Documents (with such differences as are reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent) and (x) if such Additional Notes are secured, such Additional Notes and the trustee or other representative under the indenture or other agreement governing such Additional Notes shall be subject to the First Lien Intercreditor Agreement or Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement, as applicable; provided that if such Additional Notes are issued pursuant to an indenture or other agreement that has not previously been made subject thereto, then Holdings, the Borrower, the Subsidiary Loan Parties, the Administrative Agent and the trustee or other representative for such Additional Notes shall have executed and delivered the First Lien Intercreditor Agreement or the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement, as applicable;

 

(xxiii)                 Trading Debt incurred in the ordinary course of business or in a manner consistent with past practices; and

 

(xxiv)                all premiums (if any), interest (including post-petition interest), fees, expenses, charges and additional or contingent interest on obligations described in clauses (i) through (xxiii) above.

 

(b)                       Holdings and any Intermediate Parent will not create, incur, assume or permit to exist any Indebtedness except Indebtedness created under Sections 6.01(a)(i), (iii), (iv), (vi), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xvi)(A), (xix) and all premiums (if any), interest (including post-petition interest), fees, expenses, charges and additional or contingent interest on obligations described in the foregoing clauses.

 

(c)                        Neither Holdings nor the Borrower will, nor will they permit any Restricted Subsidiary or Intermediate Parent to, issue any preferred Equity Interests or any Disqualified Equity Interests, except (A) in the case of Holdings, preferred Equity Interests that are Qualified Equity Interests and (B) in the case of the Borrower or any

 

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Restricted Subsidiary or Intermediate Parent, preferred Equity Interests issued to and held by Holdings, the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary or Intermediate Parent.

 

Section 6.02.  Liens.  Neither Holdings nor the Borrower will, nor will they permit any Restricted Subsidiary or Intermediate Parent to, create, incur, assume or permit to exist any Lien on any property or asset now owned or hereafter acquired by it, except:

 

(i)                                     Liens created under the Loan Documents;

 

(ii)                                  Permitted Encumbrances;

 

(iii)                               Liens existing on the date hereof and set forth on Schedule 6.02 and any modifications, replacements, renewals or extensions thereof; provided that (A) such modified, replacement, renewal or extension Lien does not extend to any additional property other than (x) after-acquired property that is affixed or incorporated into the property covered by such Lien and (y) proceeds and products thereof, and (B) the obligations secured or benefited by such modified, replacement, renewal or extension Lien are permitted by Section 6.01;

 

(iv)                              Liens securing Indebtedness permitted under Section 6.01(a)(v); provided that (A) such Liens attach concurrently with or within 270 days after the acquisition, repair, replacement, construction or improvement (as applicable) of the property subject to such Liens, (B) such Liens do not at any time encumber any property other than the property financed by such Indebtedness except for accessions to such property and the proceeds and the products thereof and (C) with respect to Capital Lease Obligations, such Liens do not at any time extend to or cover any assets (except for accessions to or proceeds of such assets) other than the assets subject to such Capital Lease Obligations; provided further that individual financings of equipment provided by one lender may be cross collateralized to other financings of equipment provided by such lender;

 

(v)                                 leases, licenses, subleases or sublicenses granted to others that do not (A) interfere in any material respect with the business of Holdings, the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or (B) secure any Indebtedness;

 

(vi)                              Liens in favor of customs and revenue authorities arising as a matter of law to secure payment of customs duties in connection with the importation of goods;

 

(vii)                           Liens (A) of a collection bank arising under Section 4-210 of the Uniform Commercial Code on items in the course of collection and (B) in favor of a banking institution arising as a matter of law encumbering deposits (including the right of setoff) and that are within the general parameters customary in the banking industry;

 

(viii)                        Liens (A) on cash advances or escrow deposits in favor of the seller of any property to be acquired in an Investment permitted pursuant to

 

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Section 6.04 to be applied against the purchase price for such Investment or otherwise in connection with any escrow arrangements with respect to any such Investment or any Disposition permitted under Section 6.05 (including any letter of intent or purchase agreement with respect to such Investment or Disposition), or (B) consisting of an agreement to dispose of any property in a Disposition permitted under Section 6.05, in each case, solely to the extent such Investment or Disposition, as the case may be, would have been permitted on the date of the creation of such Lien;

 

(ix)                              Liens on property of any Restricted Subsidiary that is not a Loan Party or a Regulated Subsidiary, which Liens secure Indebtedness of such Restricted Subsidiary permitted under Section 6.01;

 

(x)                                 Liens granted by a Restricted Subsidiary that is not a Loan Party in favor of any Loan Party and Liens granted by a Loan Party in favor of any other Loan Party;

 

(xi)                              Liens existing on property at the time of its acquisition or existing on the property of any Person at the time such Person becomes a Restricted Subsidiary, in each case after the date hereof (other than Liens on the Equity Interests of any Person that becomes a Restricted Subsidiary); provided that (A) such Lien was not created in contemplation of or in connection with such acquisition or such Person becoming a Restricted Subsidiary, (B) such Lien does not extend to or cover any other assets or property (other than the proceeds or products thereof and other than after-acquired property subject to a Lien securing Indebtedness and other obligations incurred prior to such time and which Indebtedness and other obligations are permitted hereunder that require or include, pursuant to their terms at such time, a pledge of after-acquired property, it being understood that such requirement shall not be permitted to apply to any property to which such requirement would not have applied but for such acquisition), and (C) the Indebtedness secured thereby is permitted under Section 6.01(a)(v) or (vii);

 

(xii)                           any interest or title of a lessor under leases (other than leases constituting Capital Lease Obligations) entered into by any of the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiaries in the ordinary course of business;

 

(xiii)                        Liens arising out of conditional sale, title retention, consignment or similar arrangements for sale of goods by any of the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiaries in the ordinary course of business;

 

(xiv)                       Liens deemed to exist in connection with Investments in repurchase agreements under clause (e) of the definition of the term “Permitted Investments”;

 

(xv)                          Liens incurred in the ordinary course of business (A) encumbering reasonable customary initial deposits and margin deposits and similar Liens attaching to commodity trading accounts or other brokerage accounts, in each case not for speculative purposes or (B) in favor of clearing

 

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agencies, clearing firms, settlement banks and similar entities (acting in their capacities as such) involved in the clearance and settlement of transactions in, and custody of, financial assets;

 

(xvi)                       Liens that are contractual rights of setoff (A) relating to the establishment of depository relations with banks not given in connection with the incurrence of Indebtedness, (B) relating to pooled deposit or sweep accounts to permit satisfaction of overdraft or similar obligations incurred in the ordinary course of business of Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries or (C) relating to purchase orders and other agreements entered into with customers of the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary in the ordinary course of business;

 

(xvii)                    ground leases in respect of real property on which facilities owned or leased by the Borrower or any of the Restricted Subsidiaries are located;

 

(xviii)                 Liens on insurance policies and the proceeds thereof securing the financing of the premiums with respect thereto;

 

(xix)                       Liens on the Collateral securing Permitted First Priority Refinancing Debt, Permitted Junior Lien Refinancing Debt, Additional Notes and Indebtedness incurred to finance a Permitted Acquisition to the extent permitted to be secured pursuant to Section 6.01(a)(viii);

 

(xx)                          Liens securing Trading Debt; provided that any Liens securing Trading Debt shall be limited to the commodity, futures and other accounts (including deposit accounts and securities accounts) maintained by the relevant debtor with the financial institution providing such Trading Debt (or with any of its Affiliates or third parties acting as a securities, commodities, futures or other financial intermediary or performing a similar role on behalf of such financial institutions in connection with such Trading Debt) and all cash, securities, investment property (excluding any Equity Interests of the Borrower or its Subsidiaries), instruments, payment intangibles and other assets in or credited to such accounts or otherwise relating to, arising out of or evidencing such accounts or assets or held in the possession of, to the order or under the direction or control of, such financial institution (or any of its Affiliates acting on its behalf) or any exchange or clearing organization through which transactions on behalf of the relevant debtor are executed or cleared and all proceeds of any of the foregoing); and

 

(xxi)                       other Liens; provided that at the time of the granting of and after giving Pro Forma Effect to any such Lien and the obligations secured thereby (including the use of proceeds thereof) the aggregate face amount of obligations secured by Liens existing in reliance on this clause (xxi) shall not exceed the greater of $20,000,000 and 7.5% of Consolidated EBITDA for the most recently ended Test Period for which financial statements are available.

 

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Section 6.03.  Fundamental Changes.

 

(a)                       Neither Holdings nor the Borrower will, nor will they permit any other Restricted Subsidiary or Intermediate Parent to, merge into or consolidate with any other Person, or permit any other Person to merge into or consolidate with it, or liquidate or dissolve, except that:

 

(i)                                     any Restricted Subsidiary or Intermediate Parent may merge with (A) the Borrower; provided that the Borrower shall be the continuing or surviving Person, or (B) in the case of any Restricted Subsidiary, any one or more other Restricted Subsidiaries; provided that when any Restricted Subsidiary Loan Party is merging with another Restricted Subsidiary (x) the continuing or surviving Person shall be a Subsidiary Loan Party or (y) if the continuing or surviving Person is not a Subsidiary Loan Party, the acquisition of such Subsidiary Loan Party by such surviving Restricted Subsidiary is otherwise permitted under Section 6.04;

 

(ii)                                  (A) any Restricted Subsidiary that is not a Loan Party may merge or consolidate with or into any other Restricted Subsidiary that is not a Loan Party and (B) any Restricted Subsidiary may liquidate or dissolve or change its legal form if Holdings determines in good faith that such action is in the best interests of Holdings, the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries and is not materially disadvantageous to the Lenders;

 

(iii)                               any Restricted Subsidiary may make a Disposition of all or substantially all of its assets (upon voluntary liquidation or otherwise) to another Restricted Subsidiary; provided that if the transferor in such a transaction is a Loan Party, then (A) the transferee must be a Loan Party, (B) to the extent constituting an Investment, such Investment must be a permitted Investment in a Restricted Subsidiary that is not a Loan Party in accordance with Section 6.04 or (C) to the extent constituting a Disposition to a Restricted Subsidiary that is not a Loan Party, such Disposition is for fair value and any promissory note or other non-cash consideration received in respect thereof is a permitted Investment in a Restricted Subsidiary that is not a Loan Party in accordance with Section 6.04;

 

(iv)                              the Borrower may merge or consolidate with any other Person; provided that (A) the Borrower shall be the continuing or surviving Person or (B) if the Person formed by or surviving any such merger or consolidation is not the Borrower (any such Person, the “Successor Borrower”), (w) the Successor Borrower shall be an entity organized or existing under the laws of the United States, any State thereof or the District of Columbia, (x) the Successor Borrower shall expressly assume all the obligations of the Borrower under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents to which the Borrower is a party pursuant to a supplement hereto or thereto in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, (y) each Loan Party other than the Borrower, unless it is the other party to such merger or consolidation, shall have reaffirmed, pursuant to an agreement in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, that its Guarantee of, and grant of any Liens as security for, the Secured Obligations shall apply to the Successor Borrower’s obligations under this Agreement and (z) the Borrower shall have delivered to the Administrative Agent a certificate of a Responsible Officer and an opinion of counsel, each

 

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stating that such merger or consolidation complies with this Agreement; provided further that (1) if such Person is not a Loan Party, no Default exists after giving effect to such merger or consolidation and (2) if the foregoing requirements are satisfied, the Successor Borrower will succeed to, and be substituted for, the Borrower under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents; provided further that the Borrower agrees to use commercially reasonable efforts to provide any documentation and other information about the Successor Borrower as shall have been reasonably requested in writing by any Lender through the Administrative Agent that such Lender shall have reasonably determined is required by regulatory authorities under applicable “know your customer” and anti-money laundering rules and regulations, including without limitation the USA Patriot Act;

 

(v)                                 Holdings may merge or consolidate with any other Person, so long as no Event of Default exists after giving effect to such merger or consolidation; provided that (A) Holdings shall be the continuing or surviving Person or (B) if the Person formed by or surviving any such merger or consolidation is not Holdings or is a Person into which Holdings has been liquidated (any such Person, the “Successor Holdings”), (w) the Successor Holdings shall expressly assume all the obligations of Holdings under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents to which Holdings is a party pursuant to a supplement hereto or thereto in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, (x) each Loan Party other than Holdings, unless it is the other party to such merger or consolidation, shall have reaffirmed, pursuant to an agreement in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, that its Guarantee of and grant of any Liens as security for the Secured Obligations shall apply to the Successor Holdings’ obligations under this Agreement, (y) the Successor Holdings shall, immediately following such merger or consolidation, directly or indirectly own all Subsidiaries owned by Holdings immediately prior to such merger and (z) Holdings shall have delivered to the Administrative Agent a certificate of a Responsible Officer and an opinion of counsel, each stating that such merger or consolidation complies with this Agreement; provided further that if the foregoing requirements are satisfied, the Successor Holdings will succeed to, and be substituted for, Holdings under this Agreement and the other Loan Documents; provided further that the Borrower agrees to use commercially reasonable efforts to provide any documentation and other information about the Successor Holdings as shall have been reasonably requested in writing by any Lender through the Administrative Agent that such Lender shall have reasonably determined is required by regulatory authorities under applicable “know your customer” and anti-money laundering rules and regulations, including without limitation the USA Patriot Act

 

(vi)                              any Restricted Subsidiary may merge, consolidate or amalgamate with any other Person in order to effect an Investment permitted pursuant to Section 6.04; provided that the continuing or surviving Person shall be a Restricted Subsidiary, which together with each of its Restricted Subsidiaries, shall have complied with the requirements of Sections 5.11 and 5.12 and if the other party to such transaction is not a Loan Party, no Default exists after giving effect to such transaction;

 

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(vii)                           Holdings, the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary may effect the IPO Reorganization Transactions; and

 

(viii)                        any Restricted Subsidiary may effect a merger, dissolution, liquidation, consolidation or amalgamation to effect a Disposition permitted pursuant to Section 6.05; provided that if the other party to such transaction is not a Loan Party, no Default exists after giving effect to the transaction.

 

(b)                       The Borrower will not, and Holdings and the Borrower will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary or Intermediate Parent to, engage to any material extent in any business other than businesses of the type conducted by the Borrower and the Restricted Subsidiaries on the Closing Date and businesses reasonably related or ancillary thereto.

 

(c)                        Holdings and any Intermediate Parent will not conduct, transact or otherwise engage in any business or operations other than (i) (x) the ownership and/or acquisition of the Equity Interests of the Borrower and any Intermediate Parent and (y) in the case of Holdings, prior to an IPO, the Equity Interests of IPO Listco directly or indirectly and the Equity Interests of IPO Subsidiary indirectly through IPO Listco, (ii) the maintenance of its legal existence, including the ability to incur fees, costs and expenses relating to such maintenance, (iii) participating in tax, accounting and other administrative matters, (iv) the performance of its obligations under and in connection with the Loan Documents, any documentation governing any Indebtedness or Guarantee permitted to be incurred or made by it under Article 6, the Holdings LLC Agreement, and the other agreements contemplated hereby, (v) any public offering of its common stock or any other issuance or registration of its Equity Interests for sale or resale not prohibited by this Agreement, including the costs, fees and expenses related thereto, (vi) any transaction that Holdings or any Intermediate Parent is permitted to enter into or consummate under Article 6 (including, but not limited to, the making of any Restricted Payment permitted by Section 6.08 or holding of any cash or Permitted Investments received in connection with Restricted Payments made in accordance with Section 6.08 pending application thereof in the manner contemplated by Section 6.04, the incurrence of any Indebtedness permitted to be incurred by it under Section 6.01 and the making of any Investment permitted to be made by it under Section 6.04), (vii) incurring fees, costs and expenses relating to overhead and general operating including professional fees for legal, tax and accounting issues and paying taxes, (viii) providing indemnification to officers and directors and as otherwise permitted in Section 6.09, (ix) activities incidental to the consummation of the Transactions, (x) activities reasonably incidental to the consummation of an IPO, including the IPO Reorganization Transactions and (xi) activities incidental to the businesses or activities described in clauses (i) to (x) of this paragraph.

 

(d)                       Holdings and any Intermediate Parent will not own or acquire any assets (other than Equity Interests as referred to in paragraph (c)(i) above, cash, Permitted Investments, loans and advances made by Holdings or any Intermediate Parent under Section 6.04(b) and intercompany Investments consisting of Indebtedness permitted to be made by it under Section 6.04) or incur any liabilities (other than liabilities as referred to in paragraph (c) above, liabilities imposed by law, including tax liabilities, and other liabilities incidental to its existence and business and activities permitted by this Agreement).

 

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(e)                        Prior to the consummation of an IPO, neither IPO Shell Company will conduct, transact or otherwise engage in any business or operations other than (i) the maintenance of its legal existence, including the ability to incur fees, costs and expenses relating to such maintenance, (ii) participating in tax, accounting and other administrative matters, (iii) in the case of the IPO Listco, holding Equity Interests of the IPO Subsidiary, (iv) holding Equity Interests of Holdings, (v) incurring fees, costs and expenses relating to overhead and general operating including professional fees for legal, tax and accounting issues and paying taxes, (vi) providing indemnification to officers and directors and as otherwise permitted in Section 6.09, (vii) activities incidental to the consummation of an IPO, including the IPO Reorganization Transactions and (viii) activities incidental to the businesses or activities described in clauses (i) to (vii) of this paragraph; provided that each IPO Shell Company shall cease to be a subsidiary of Holdings no later than the consummation of an IPO.

 

Section 6.04.  Investments, Loans, Advances, Guarantees and Acquisitions.  Neither Holdings nor the Borrower will, nor will they permit any Restricted Subsidiary or Intermediate Parent to, make or hold any Investment, except:

 

(a)                       Permitted Investments;

 

(b)                       loans or advances to officers, directors and employees of Holdings, the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries (i) for reasonable and customary business-related travel, entertainment, relocation and analogous ordinary business purposes, (ii) in connection with such Person’s purchase of Equity Interests of Holdings (or any direct or indirect parent thereof or any Employee Holding Vehicle) (provided that the amount of such loans and advances made in cash to such Person shall be contributed to the Borrower in cash as common equity or Qualified Equity Interests) and (iii) for purposes not described in the foregoing clauses (i) and (ii), in an aggregate principal amount outstanding at any time not to exceed $5,000,000;

 

(c)                        Investments (i) by Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary in any Loan Party (excluding any new Restricted Subsidiary that becomes a Loan Party pursuant to such Investment), (ii) by any Restricted Subsidiary that is not a Loan Party in any other Restricted Subsidiary that is also not a Loan Party, (iii) by the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary (A) in any Restricted Subsidiary; provided that the aggregate amount of such Investments made by Loan Parties after the Closing Date in Restricted Subsidiaries that are not Loan Parties in reliance on this clause (iii)(A) (including any such Investments deemed to be made pursuant to Section 6.14) (together with the amount of Investments made in Restricted Subsidiaries (other than Regulated Subsidiaries) that are not Loan Parties pursuant to Section 6.04(h) and the amount of Investments and acquisitions made pursuant to Section 6.04(m)) shall not exceed the Non-Loan Party Investment Amount at the time of any such Investment, (B) in any Regulated Subsidiary in the form of short-term intercompany advances and Indebtedness, in each case made in the ordinary course of business to provide for working capital and other operational requirements of such Regulated Subsidiary, (C) in any Restricted Subsidiary that is not a Loan Party, constituting an exchange of Equity Interests of such Restricted Subsidiary for Indebtedness of such Subsidiary, (D) constituting Guarantees of Indebtedness or other monetary obligations of Restricted Subsidiaries that are not Loan Parties owing to any Loan Party or (E) constituting unsecured Guarantees of Trading

 

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Debt to the extent such Guarantees are permitted under Section 6.01(a)(iii), (iv) by Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary in Restricted Subsidiaries that are not Loan Parties so long as such Investment is part of a series of simultaneous transactions that result in the proceeds of the initial transaction being invested in one or more Loan Parties or, if the proceeds were initially held by a non-Loan Party, in a Restricted Subsidiary that is not a Loan Party and (v) by Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary in any Restricted Subsidiary that is not a Loan Party, consisting of the contribution of Equity Interests of any other Restricted Subsidiary that is not a Loan Party so long as the Equity Interests of the transferee Restricted Subsidiary is pledged to secure the Secured Obligations;

 

(d)                       Investments consisting of extensions of trade credit in the ordinary course of business;

 

(e)                        Investments (i) existing or contemplated on the date hereof and set forth on Schedule 6.04(e) and any modification, replacement, renewal, reinvestment or extension thereof and (ii) existing on the date hereof by Holdings, the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary in the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary and any modification, renewal or extension thereof; provided that in each case the amount of the original Investment is not increased except by the terms of such Investment to the extent as set forth on Schedule 6.04(e) or as otherwise permitted by this Section 6.04;

 

(f)                         Investments in Swap Agreements permitted under Section 6.07;

 

(g)                        promissory notes and other non-cash consideration received in connection with Dispositions permitted by Section 6.05;

 

(h)                       Permitted Acquisitions; provided that the aggregate amount of consideration paid or provided by Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower or any other Loan Party (including any Indebtedness incurred by any such Person to finance any portion of such consideration) after the Closing Date in reliance on this Section 6.04(h) (together with any Investments made in Subsidiaries that are not Loan Parties pursuant to Section 6.04(c)(iii)(A), Investments deemed to be made pursuant to Section 6.14 and the amount of Investments and acquisitions made pursuant to Section 6.04(m)) for Permitted Acquisitions (including the aggregate principal amount of all Indebtedness assumed in connection with Permitted Acquisitions) of any Restricted Subsidiary (other than a Regulated Subsidiary) that shall not be or, after giving effect to such Permitted Acquisition, shall not become, a Loan Party, shall not exceed the Non-Loan Party Investment Amount at such time;

 

(i)                           Investments made during the Pre-IPO Period (except for the formation of the IPO Shell Companies, which may occur prior to the Pre-IPO Period) that the Borrower, in good faith, determines are reasonably necessary to effectuate the IPO Reorganization Transactions;

 

(j)                          Investments in the ordinary course of business consisting of Uniform Commercial Code Article 3 endorsements for collection or deposit and Uniform Commercial Code Article 4 customary trade arrangements with customers consistent with past practices;

 

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(k)                       Investments (including debt obligations and Equity Interests) received in connection with the bankruptcy or reorganization of suppliers and customers or in settlement of delinquent obligations of, or other disputes with, customers and suppliers or upon the foreclosure with respect to any secured Investment or other transfer of title with respect to any secured Investment;

 

(l)                           loans and advances to Holdings (or any direct or indirect parent thereof) or any Intermediate Parent in lieu of, and not in excess of the amount of (after giving effect to any other loans, advances or Restricted Payments in respect thereof), Restricted Payments to the extent permitted to be made to Holdings (or such parent) in accordance with Section 6.08(a)(iv), (v), (vi), (vii) or (viii);

 

(m)                   so long as immediately after giving effect to any such Investment or acquisition no Default shall have occurred and be continuing, other Investments and other acquisitions; provided that at the time any such Investment (including any such Investments deemed to be made pursuant to Section 6.14) or other acquisition is made, the aggregate outstanding amount of all Investments made in reliance on this clause (m) (including all such Investments deemed made pursuant to Section 6.14), Investments made in Subsidiaries that are not Loan Parties pursuant to Section 6.04(c)(iii)(A) and Investments made in Restricted Subsidiaries (other than Regulated Subsidiaries) that are not Loan Parties pursuant to Section 6.04(h), together with the aggregate amount of all consideration paid in connection with all other acquisitions made in reliance on this clause (m) (including the aggregate principal amount of all Indebtedness assumed in connection with any such other acquisition), shall not exceed the Non-Loan Party Investment Amount at the time of any such Investment or acquisition;

 

(n)                       advances of payroll payments to employees in the ordinary course of business;

 

(o)                       Investments and other acquisitions to the extent that payment for such Investments is made solely with Qualified Equity Interests (excluding Cure Amounts) of Holdings (or any direct or indirect parent thereof or the IPO Entity);

 

(p)                       Investments of a Subsidiary acquired after the Closing Date or of a Person merged or consolidated with any Subsidiary in accordance with this Section and Section 6.03 after the Closing Date (other than existing Investments in subsidiaries of such Subsidiary or Person, which must comply with the requirements of Section 6.04(h) or 6.04(m)) to the extent that such Investments were not made in contemplation of or in connection with such acquisition, merger or consolidation and were in existence on the date of such acquisition, merger or consolidation;

 

(q)                       Investments made or acquired in the ordinary course trading activities of the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries;

 

(r)                          non-cash Investments in connection with tax planning and reorganization activities; provided that after giving effect to any such activities, the security interests of the Lenders in the Collateral, taken as a whole, would not be materially impaired; and

 

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(s)                         Investments in any Foreign Subsidiary made for the purposes of providing such Foreign Subsidiary the necessary capital to comply with any capital or margin requirements of a Regulatory Supervisory Organization; provided that the aggregate outstanding amount of Investments made pursuant to this clause shall not exceed $25,000,000 at any time.

 

Section 6.05.  Asset Sales.  Neither Holdings nor the Borrower will, nor will they permit any Restricted Subsidiary or Intermediate Parent to, sell, transfer, lease or otherwise dispose of any asset, including any Equity Interest owned by it, nor will Holdings or the Borrower permit any Restricted Subsidiary to issue any additional Equity Interest in such Restricted Subsidiary (other than issuing directors’ qualifying shares, nominal shares issued to foreign nationals to the extent required by applicable Requirements of Law and other than issuing Equity Interests to Holdings, the Borrower or a Restricted Subsidiary in compliance with Section 6.04(c)) (each, a “Disposition”), except:

 

(a)                       Dispositions of obsolete or worn out property, whether now owned or hereafter acquired, in the ordinary course of business and Dispositions of property no longer used or useful in the conduct of the business of Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries;

 

(b)                       Dispositions of inventory and other assets in the ordinary course of business;

 

(c)                        Dispositions of property to the extent that (i) such property is exchanged for credit against the purchase price of similar replacement property or (ii) the proceeds of such Disposition are promptly applied to the purchase price of such replacement property;

 

(d)                       Dispositions of property to the Borrower or a Restricted Subsidiary; provided that if the transferor in such a transaction is a Loan Party, then (i) the transferee must be a Loan Party, (ii) to the extent constituting an Investment, such Investment must be a permitted Investment in a Restricted Subsidiary that is not a Loan Party in accordance with Section 6.04 or (iii) to the extent constituting a Disposition to a Restricted Subsidiary that is not a Loan Party, such Disposition is for fair value and any promissory note or other non-cash consideration received in respect thereof is a permitted investment in a Restricted Subsidiary that is not a Loan Party in accordance with Section 6.04;

 

(e)                        Dispositions permitted by Section 6.03 (other than Section 6.03(a)(viii)), Investments permitted by Section 6.04, Restricted Payments permitted by Section 6.08 and Liens permitted by Section 6.02;

 

(f)                         Dispositions of property acquired by Holdings, the Borrower or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries after the Closing Date pursuant to sale-leaseback transactions permitted by Section 6.06;

 

(g)                        Dispositions of Permitted Investments;

 

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(h)                       Dispositions of accounts receivable in connection with the collection or compromise thereof;

 

(i)                           leases, subleases, licenses or sublicenses (including the provision of software under an open source license), in each case in the ordinary course of business and that do not materially interfere with the business of Holdings, the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries, taken as a whole;

 

(j)                          transfers of property subject to Casualty Events upon receipt of the Net Proceeds of such Casualty Event;

 

(k)                       Dispositions of property to Persons other than Restricted Subsidiaries (including the sale or issuance of Equity Interests of a Restricted Subsidiary) not otherwise permitted under this Section 6.05; provided that (i) the aggregate amount of consideration received from Dispositions made in reliance on this clause (k) shall not exceed $100,000,000, (ii) no Default shall exist at the time of, or would result from, such Disposition (other than any such Disposition made pursuant to a legally binding commitment entered into at a time when no Default existed or would have resulted from such Disposition) and (iii) with respect to any Disposition pursuant to this clause (k) for a purchase price in excess of $5,000,000, Holdings, the Borrower or a Restricted Subsidiary shall receive not less than 75% of such consideration in the form of cash or Permitted Investments; provided, however, that for the purposes of this clause (iii), (A) any liabilities (as shown on the most recent balance sheet of Holdings provided hereunder or in the footnotes thereto) of Holdings, the Borrower or such Restricted Subsidiary, other than liabilities that are by their terms subordinated in right of payment to the Loan Document Obligations, that are assumed by the transferee with respect to the applicable Disposition and for which Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower and all of the Restricted Subsidiaries shall have been validly released by all applicable creditors in writing, shall be deemed to be cash, (B) any securities received by Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower or such Restricted Subsidiary from such transferee that are converted by Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower or such Restricted Subsidiary into cash or Permitted Investments (to the extent of the cash or Permitted Investments received) within 180 days following the closing of the applicable Disposition, shall be deemed to be cash and (C) any Designated Non-Cash Consideration received by Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower or such Restricted Subsidiary in respect of such Disposition having an aggregate fair market value, taken together with all other Designated Non-Cash Consideration received pursuant to this clause (k) that is at that time outstanding, not in excess of $20,000,000 at the time of the receipt of such Designated Non-Cash Consideration, with the fair market value of each item of Designated Non-Cash Consideration being measured at the time received and without giving effect to subsequent changes in value, shall be deemed to be cash;

 

(l)                           Dispositions of Investments in joint ventures to the extent required by, or made pursuant to customary buy/sell arrangements between, the joint venture parties set forth in joint venture arrangements and similar binding arrangements;

 

(m)                   Dispositions of assets listed on Schedule 6.05;

 

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(n)                       Dispositions of non-core assets acquired in a Permitted Acquisition; provided that (i) such assets were identified to the Administrative Agent in writing as non-core assets within thirty days of the time that the applicable Permitted Acquisition was consummated and (ii) such Disposition is consummated within one year after the date on which the applicable Permitted Acquisition was consummated;

 

(o)                       Dispositions of securities, Swap Agreements and other financial instruments as part of the ordinary course trading business of the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries; and

 

(p)                       Dispositions made during the Pre-IPO Period that the Borrower, in good faith, determines are reasonably necessary to effectuate the IPO Reorganization Transactions;

 

provided that any Disposition of any property pursuant to this Section 6.05 (except pursuant to Section 6.05(e) and except for Dispositions by a Loan Party to another Loan Party), shall be for no less than the fair market value of such property at the time of such Disposition.

 

Section 6.06.  Sale and Leaseback Transactions.  Neither Holdings nor the Borrower will, nor will they permit any Restricted Subsidiary or Intermediate Parent to, enter into any arrangement, directly or indirectly, whereby it shall sell or transfer any property, real or personal, used or useful in its business, whether now owned or hereafter acquired, and thereafter rent or lease such property or other property that it intends to use for substantially the same purpose or purposes as the property sold or transferred, except for any such sale of any fixed or capital assets by the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary that is made for cash consideration in an amount not less than the fair value of such fixed or capital asset and is consummated within 270 days after the Borrower or such Restricted Subsidiary, as applicable, acquires or completes the construction of such fixed or capital asset; provided that, if such sale and leaseback results in a Capital Lease Obligation, such Capital Lease Obligation is permitted by Section 6.01 and any Lien made the subject of such Capital Lease Obligation is permitted by Section 6.02.

 

Section 6.07.  Swap Agreements.  Neither Holdings nor the Borrower will, nor will they permit any Restricted Subsidiary or Intermediate Parent to, enter into any Swap Agreement, except (a) (i) Swap Agreements entered into to hedge or mitigate risks to which Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary has actual exposure (other than those in respect of shares of capital stock or other Equity Interests of Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary) and (ii) Swap Agreements entered into in order to effectively cap, collar or exchange interest rates (from fixed to floating rates, from one floating rate to another floating rate or otherwise) with respect to any interest-bearing liability or investment of Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary; provided that any Swap Agreement entered into pursuant to this clause (a) shall be entered into in the ordinary course of business and not for speculative purposes and (b) Swap Agreements entered into in the ordinary course trading business of the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary.

 

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Section 6.08.  Restricted Payments; Certain Payments of Indebtedness.

 

(a)                       Neither Holdings nor the Borrower will, nor will they permit any Restricted Subsidiary or Intermediate Parent to, declare or make, or agree to pay or make, directly or indirectly, any Restricted Payment, except:

 

(i)                                     each Restricted Subsidiary may make Restricted Payments to the Borrower or any other Restricted Subsidiary;

 

(ii)                                  Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower and each Restricted Subsidiary may declare and make dividend payments or other distributions payable solely in the Equity Interests of such Person; provided that in the case of any such Restricted Payment by a Restricted Subsidiary that is not a Wholly Owned Subsidiary of the Borrower, such Restricted Payment is made to the Borrower, any Restricted Subsidiary and to each other owner of Equity Interests of such Restricted Subsidiary based on their relative ownership interests of the relevant class of Equity Interests;

 

(iii)                               [Reserved];

 

(iv)                              repurchases of Equity Interests in Holdings (or Restricted Payments by Holdings to allow repurchases of Equity Interests in any direct or indirect parent of Holdings), the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary deemed to occur upon the exercise of stock options or warrants if such Equity Interests represent a portion of the exercise price of such options or warrants;

 

(v)                                 Holdings may redeem, acquire, retire or repurchase its Equity Interests (or any options or warrants or stock appreciation rights issued with respect to any of such Equity Interests) (or make Restricted Payments to allow any of Holdings’ direct or indirect parent companies or any Employee Holding Vehicle to so redeem, retire, acquire or repurchase Equity Interests of Holdings or such entity) held by current or former officers, managers, consultants, directors and employees or their permitted transferees (or their respective estates, executors, trustees, administrators, heirs, legatees or distributes) of Holdings (or any direct or indirect parent thereof), the Borrower and the Restricted Subsidiaries, or held by any Employee Holding Vehicle for the benefit of any of the foregoing, upon the death, disability, retirement or termination of employment of any such Person or otherwise in accordance with any stock option or stock appreciation rights plan, any management, director and/or employee stock ownership or incentive plan, stock subscription plan, employment termination agreement or any other employment agreements or equity holders’ agreement, in an aggregate amount after the Closing Date together with the aggregate amount of loans and advances to Holdings made pursuant to Section 6.04(l) in lieu of Restricted Payments permitted by this clause (v) not to exceed $15,000,000 in any calendar year with unused amounts in any calendar year (including in any event the aggregate unused amount of carry-forward under the Existing Credit Agreement) being carried over to succeeding calendar years subject to a maximum of $30,000,000 in any calendar year (without giving effect to the following proviso); provided that such amount in any calendar year may be increased by an amount not to exceed the cash proceeds of key man life

 

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insurance policies received by the Borrower or its Restricted Subsidiaries after the Closing Date and not previously applied pursuant to this clause (v);

 

(vi)                              so long as the Borrower and Holdings are each treated as a pass-through or disregarded entity (a “Flow-Through Entity”) for U.S. federal and state income tax purposes, Borrower may make distributions to Holdings and Holdings may make distributions to its members for Permitted Tax Distributions at such times and with respect to such periods as Tax Distributions (as defined in the Holdings LLC Agreement) are required to be made or designated pursuant to the Holdings LLC Agreement; provided that after an IPO, if Holdings is not a Flow-Through Entity, so long as Borrower is a Flow-Through Entity, Borrower may make Permitted Tax Distributions to Holdings on a quarterly basis and at the end of a Taxable Year (with the determination of the Permitted Tax Distributions to be made by substituting Borrower for Holdings in the applicable definitions); provided further that Restricted Payments under this clause (vi) in respect of any taxes attributable to the income of any Unrestricted Subsidiaries of the Borrower may be made only to the extent that such Unrestricted Subsidiaries have made cash payments for such purpose to the Borrower or its Restricted Subsidiaries;

 

(vii)                           any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower and the Restricted Subsidiaries may make Restricted Payments in cash to Holdings and any Intermediate Parent and, where applicable, Holdings and such Intermediate Parent may make Restricted Payments in cash:

 

(A)                                    the proceeds of which shall be used by Holdings or any Intermediate Parent to pay (or to make Restricted Payments to allow any direct or indirect parent of Holdings to pay) (1) its operating expenses incurred in the ordinary course of business and other corporate overhead costs and expenses (including administrative, legal, accounting and similar expenses payable to third parties) that are reasonable and customary and incurred in the ordinary course of business, in an aggregate amount together with the aggregate amount of loans and advances to Holdings made pursuant to Section 6.04(l) in lieu of Restricted Payments permitted by this clause (a)(vii)(A) not to exceed (x) $2,000,000 in any fiscal year occurring prior to the year in which an IPO occurs and (y) $4,000,0000 in any fiscal year occurring in the year in which an IPO occurs and in each fiscal year thereafter plus, in each case, any reasonable and customary indemnification claims made by directors or officers of Holdings (or any parent thereof) attributable to the ownership or operations of Holdings and the Restricted Subsidiaries or otherwise payable by Holdings pursuant to the Holdings LLC Agreement and (2) fees and expenses (x) due and payable by any of the Restricted Subsidiaries and (y) otherwise permitted to be paid (but not paid) by such Restricted Subsidiary under this Agreement;

 

(B)                                    the proceeds of which shall be used by Holdings or any Intermediate Parent to pay franchise taxes and other fees, taxes and expenses required to maintain its organizational existence;

 

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(C)            the proceeds of which shall be used by Holdings to make Restricted Payments permitted by Section 6.08(a)(iv) or Section 6.08(a)(v);

 

(D)            to finance any Investment permitted to be made pursuant to Section 6.04; provided that (A) such Restricted Payment shall be made substantially concurrently with the closing of such Investment and (B) Holdings or any Intermediate Parent shall, immediately following the closing thereof, cause (1) all property acquired (whether assets or Equity Interests but not including any loans or advances made pursuant to Section 6.04(b)) to be contributed to the Borrower or the Restricted Subsidiaries or (2) the Person formed or acquired to merge into or consolidate with the Borrower or any of the Restricted Subsidiaries (to the extent such merger or consolidation is permitted under Section 6.03) in order to consummate such Investment, in each case in accordance with the requirements of Sections 5.11 and 5.12;

 

(E)            the proceeds of which shall be used to pay (or to make Restricted Payments to allow any direct or indirect parent thereof to pay) fees and expenses related to any equity or debt offering permitted by this Agreement; and

 

(F)             the proceeds of which shall be used to make payments permitted by clause (b)(iv) of this Section 6.08;

 

(viii)        in addition to the foregoing Restricted Payments and so long as (x) no Default shall have occurred and be continuing or would result therefrom and (y) the Borrower would be in compliance with the covenants set forth in Sections 6.12 and 6.13 on a Pro Forma Basis as of the end of the most recent Test Period for which financial statements are available (after giving Pro Forma Effect to such additional Restricted Payments), the Borrower and any Intermediate Parent may make additional Restricted Payments to any Intermediate Parent and Holdings the proceeds of which may be utilized by Holdings to make additional Restricted Payments or by Holdings or any Intermediate Parent to make any payments in respect of any Permitted Holdings Debt, in an aggregate amount, together with the aggregate amount of (1) prepayments, redemptions, purchases, defeasances and other payments in respect of Junior Financings made pursuant to Section 6.08(b)(iv) and (2) loans and advances made pursuant to Section 6.04(l) in lieu of Restricted Payments permitted by this clause (viii), not to exceed (x) $25,000,000 plus (y) at any time on or after the 2013 Third Quarter Financial Statements Delivery Date, the aggregate amount of the Net Proceeds of the issuance of, or contribution in respect of existing, Qualified Equity Interests, in each case to the extent contributed to the Borrower as cash common equity after the Closing Date (other than any such issuance or contribution made pursuant to Section 7.02 or any issuance to or contribution from a Restricted Subsidiary) that are Not Otherwise Applied plus (z) at any time on or after the 2013 Third Quarter

 

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Financial Statements Delivery Date, the amount of Cumulative Excess Cash Flow that is Not Otherwise Applied;

 

(ix)          redemptions in whole or in part of any of its Equity Interests for another class of its Equity Interests or with proceeds from substantially concurrent equity contributions or issuances of new Equity Interests; provided that such new Equity Interests contain terms and provisions at least as advantageous to the Lenders in all respects material to their interests as those contained in the Equity Interests redeemed thereby;

 

(x)           Restricted Payments made during the Pre-IPO Period that the Borrower, in good faith, determines are reasonably necessary to effectuate the IPO Reorganization Transactions; and

 

(xi)          in addition to the foregoing Restricted Payments, on the Closing Date, the Borrower and any Intermediate Parent may make additional Restricted Payments to any Intermediate Parent and Holdings the proceeds of which may be utilized by Holdings to make additional Restricted Payments; provided that the aggregate amount of all such Restricted Payments made pursuant to this clause (xi) shall not exceed $100,000,000.

 

(b)        Neither Holdings nor the Borrower will, nor will they permit any Restricted Subsidiary or Intermediate Parent to, make or agree to pay or make, directly or indirectly, any payment or other distribution (whether in cash, securities or other property) of or in respect of principal of or interest on any Junior Financing, or any payment or other distribution (whether in cash, securities or other property), including any sinking fund or similar deposit, on account of the purchase, redemption, retirement, acquisition, cancellation or termination of any Junior Financing, or any other payment (including any payment under any Swap Agreement) that has a substantially similar effect to any of the foregoing, except:

 

(i)            payment of regularly scheduled interest and principal payments as and when due in respect of any Indebtedness, other than payments in respect of any Junior Financing prohibited by the subordination provisions thereof;

 

(ii)           refinancings of Indebtedness to the extent permitted by Section 6.01;

 

(iii)          the conversion of any Junior Financing to Equity Interests (other than Disqualified Equity Interests) of Holdings or any of its direct or indirect parent companies or any Intermediate Parent; and

 

(iv)          so long as (x) no Default shall have occurred and be continuing or would result therefrom and (y) the Borrower would be in compliance with the covenants set forth in Sections 6.12 and 6.13 on a Pro Forma Basis as of the end of the most recent Test Period for which financial statements are available (after giving Pro Forma Effect to such prepayments, redemptions, purchases, defeasances and other payments), prepayments, redemptions, purchases, defeasances and other payments in respect of Junior Financings prior to their

 

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scheduled maturity in an aggregate amount, together with the aggregate amount of (1) Restricted Payments made pursuant to clause (a)(viii) and (2) loans and advances made pursuant to Section 6.04(l) in lieu thereof not to exceed the sum of (x) $25,000,000 plus (y) at any time on or after the 2013 Third Quarter Financial Statements Delivery Date, the amount of the Net Proceeds of issuances of, or contributions in respect of existing, Qualified Equity Interests, in each case to the extent contributed to the Borrower as cash common equity after the Closing Date (other than any such issuance or contribution made pursuant to Section 7.02 or any issuance to or contribution from a Restricted Subsidiary) that are Not Otherwise Applied plus (z) at any time on or after the 2013 Third Quarter Financial Statements Delivery Date, the amount of Cumulative Excess Cash Flow that is Not Otherwise Applied.

 

Section 6.09.  Transactions with Affiliates.  Neither Holdings nor the Borrower will, nor will they permit any Restricted Subsidiary or any Intermediate Parent to, sell, lease or otherwise transfer any property or assets to, or purchase, lease or otherwise acquire any property or assets from, or otherwise engage in any other transactions with, any of its Affiliates, except (a) transactions with Holdings, the Borrower, any Intermediate Parent or any Restricted Subsidiary, (b) on terms substantially as favorable to Holdings, the Borrower, such Intermediate Parent or such Restricted Subsidiary as would be obtainable by such Person at the time in a comparable arm’s-length transaction with a Person other than an Affiliate, (c) in connection with the IPO Reorganization Transactions, that the Borrower, in good faith, determines are reasonably necessary to effectuate the IPO Reorganization Transactions, (d) issuances of Equity Interests of Holdings to the extent otherwise permitted by this Agreement, (e) employment and severance arrangements between Holdings, the Borrower, any Intermediate Parent and the Restricted Subsidiaries and their respective officers and employees in the ordinary course of business (including loans and advances pursuant to Sections 6.04(b) and 6.04(n)), (f) payments by Holdings (and any direct or indirect parent thereof), the Borrower and the Restricted Subsidiaries pursuant to tax sharing agreements among Holdings (and any such parent thereof), any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower and the Restricted Subsidiaries on customary terms to the extent attributable to the ownership or operation of the Borrower and the Restricted Subsidiaries, to the extent payments are permitted by Section 6.08, (g) the payment of customary fees and reasonable out-of-pocket costs to, and indemnities provided on behalf of, directors, officers and employees of Holdings, the Borrower, any Intermediate Parent and the Restricted Subsidiaries in the ordinary course of business to the extent attributable to the ownership or operation of Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower and the Restricted Subsidiaries, (h) transactions pursuant to any permitted agreements in existence or contemplated on the Closing Date and set forth on Schedule 6.09 or any amendment thereto to the extent such an amendment is not adverse to the Lenders in any material respect, (i) Restricted Payments permitted under Section 6.08 and (j) customary payments by Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower and any Restricted Subsidiaries to the Sponsor made for any financial advisory, consulting, financing, underwriting or placement services or in respect of other investment banking activities (including in connection with acquisitions or divestitures), which payments are approved by the majority of the members of the board of directors or a majority of the disinterested members of the board of directors of Holdings in good faith.

 

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Section 6.10.  Restrictive Agreements.  Neither Holdings nor the Borrower will, nor will they permit any Restricted Subsidiary or Intermediate Parent to, directly or indirectly, enter into, incur or permit to exist any agreement or other arrangement that prohibits, restricts or imposes any condition upon (a) the ability of Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower or any other Subsidiary Loan Party to create, incur or permit to exist any Lien upon any of its property or assets to secure the Secured Obligations or (b) the ability of any Restricted Subsidiary that is not a Loan Party to pay dividends or other distributions with respect to any of its Equity Interests or to make or repay loans or advances to any Restricted Subsidiary or to Guarantee Indebtedness of any Restricted Subsidiary; provided that the foregoing clauses (a) and (b) shall not apply to any such restrictions that (i)(x) exist on the date hereof and (to the extent not otherwise permitted by this Section 6.10) are listed on Schedule 6.10 and (y) any renewal or extension of a restriction permitted by clause (i)(x) or any agreement evidencing such restriction so long as such renewal or extension does not expand the scope of such restrictions, (ii)(x) are binding on a Restricted Subsidiary at the time such Restricted Subsidiary first becomes a Restricted Subsidiary, so long as such restrictions were not entered into solely in contemplation of such Person becoming a Restricted Subsidiary and (y) any renewal or extension of a restriction permitted by clause (ii)(x) or any agreement evidencing such restriction so long as such renewal or extension does not expand the scope of such restrictions, (iii) represent Indebtedness of a Restricted Subsidiary that is not a Loan Party that is permitted by Section 6.01, (iv) are customary restrictions that arise in connection with any Disposition permitted by Section 6.05 applicable pending such Disposition solely to the assets subject to such Disposition, (v) are customary provisions in joint venture agreements and other similar agreements applicable to joint ventures permitted under Section 6.04, (vi) are negative pledges and restrictions on Liens in favor of any holder of Indebtedness permitted under Section 6.01 but solely to the extent any negative pledge relates to the property financed by or securing such Indebtedness (and excluding in any event any Indebtedness constituting any Junior Financing), (vii) are imposed by Requirements of Law, (viii) are customary restrictions contained in leases, subleases, licenses or asset sale agreements otherwise permitted hereby so long as such restrictions relate only to the assets subject thereto, (ix) comprise restrictions imposed by any agreement relating to secured Indebtedness permitted pursuant to Section 6.01(a)(v) to the extent that such restrictions apply only to the property or assets securing such Indebtedness, (x) are customary provisions restricting subletting or assignment of any lease governing a leasehold interest of Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary, (xi) are customary provisions restricting assignment of any license, lease or other agreement, (xii) are restrictions on cash (or Permitted Investments) or deposits imposed by customers under contracts entered into in the ordinary course of business (or otherwise constituting Permitted Encumbrances on such cash or Permitted Investments or deposits) or (xiii) are customary net worth provisions contained in real property leases or licenses of intellectual property entered into by the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary, so long as the Borrower has determined in good faith that such net worth provisions could not reasonably be expected to impair the ability of the Borrower and its subsidiaries to meet their ongoing obligations under the Loan Documents.

 

Section 6.11.  Amendment of Junior Financing.  Neither Holdings nor the Borrower will, nor will they permit any Restricted Subsidiary or any Intermediate Parent

 

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to, amend, modify, waive, terminate or release the documentation governing any Junior Financing, in each case if the effect of such amendment, modification, waiver, termination or release is materially adverse to the Lenders.

 

Section 6.12.  Interest Coverage Ratio.  Holdings will not permit the Interest Coverage Ratio for any period of four consecutive fiscal quarters of the Borrower, beginning with the four fiscal quarter period ended December 31, 2013, to be less than 3.00:1.00.

 

Section 6.13.  Total Net Leverage Ratio.  Holdings will not permit the Total Net Leverage Ratio as of the last day of any fiscal quarter of the Borrower, beginning with December 31, 2013, to exceed 2.75:1.00.

 

Section 6.14.  Equity Interests.

 

(a)        Holdings and the Borrower will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary or any Intermediate Parent to be a non-Wholly Owned Subsidiary and be released from its Guarantee (if applicable), except (x) as a result of a Disposition of Equity Interests of such Subsidiary to a Person other than Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower or any other Restricted Subsidiary that is permitted by the other terms of this Agreement or an Investment in any Person permitted under Section 6.04; provided that (i) no Default has occurred or is continuing on the date of such release or would result immediately after giving effect to such release, and the Administrative Agent has been furnished with a certificate of a Financial Officer confirming satisfaction of such condition, (ii) after such release is effected, such Restricted Subsidiary shall thereafter be treated as a Restricted Subsidiary that is not a Loan Party for purposes of this Agreement, (iii) the fair market value of such Restricted Subsidiary immediately after the release of such Guarantee, as reasonably determined by a Financial Officer, is deemed to be an Investment by a Loan Party on the date of such release in a Subsidiary that is not a Loan Party for purposes of either Section 6.04(c) or 6.04(m), as designated by Holdings to the Administrative Agent prior to such release, (iv) such Investment is permitted under such designated section, (v) after giving effect to such transaction on a Pro Forma Basis, not more than 10% of Consolidated EBITDA for the most recently ended Test Period for which financial statements are available shall be attributable to such Restricted Subsidiary together with all other Restricted Subsidiaries (or any successors thereto) that were released from being Loan Parties pursuant to the provisions of Sections 6.14(a) and 6.14(b) and (vi) the Borrower shall have provided the Administrative Agent such certifications or documents as the Administrative Agent shall reasonably request in order to demonstrate compliance with this Agreement or (y) so long as such Restricted Subsidiary continues to be a Subsidiary Loan Party, in which case the release provisions of Section 9.14 will not apply.

 

(b)        Holdings may notify the Administrative Agent that it wishes to obtain the release of the Guarantee of, and grants of Liens by, any Subsidiary Loan Party under the Security Documents (any Subsidiary in respect of which such a release is given, a “Released Subsidiary”), and the Administrative Agent will, and is hereby authorized to, promptly release such Guarantee and grants of Liens of such Subsidiary Loan Party pursuant to a written notification thereof given to Holdings; provided that (i) no Default has occurred or is continuing on the date of such request or would result immediately

 

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after giving effect to such release, and the Administrative Agent has been furnished with a certificate of a Financial Officer confirming satisfaction of such condition, (ii) after such release is effected, such Restricted Subsidiary shall thereafter be treated as a Restricted Subsidiary that is not a Loan Party for purposes of this Agreement, (iii) the fair market value of such Released Subsidiary immediately after the release of such Guarantee, as reasonably determined by a Financial Officer, is deemed to be an Investment by a Loan Party on the date of such release in a Subsidiary that is not a Loan Party for purposes of either Section 6.04(c) or 6.04(m), as designated by Holdings to the Administrative Agent prior to such release, (iv) such Investment is permitted under such designated section, (v) after giving effect to such transaction on a Pro Forma Basis, not more than 10% of Consolidated EBITDA for the most recently ended Test Period for which financial statements are available shall be attributable to such Restricted Subsidiary together with all other Restricted Subsidiaries (or any successors thereto) that were released from being Loan Parties pursuant to the provisions of Sections 6.14(a) and 6.14(b) and (vi) the Borrower shall have provided the Administrative Agent such certifications or documents as the Administrative Agent shall reasonably request in order to demonstrate compliance with this Agreement.

 

Section 6.15.  Changes in Fiscal Periods.  Neither Holdings nor the Borrower will make any change in fiscal year; provided, however, that Holdings and the Borrower may, upon written notice to the Administrative Agent, change its fiscal year to any other fiscal year reasonably acceptable to the Administrative Agent, in which case, Holdings, the Borrower and the Administrative Agent will, and are hereby authorized by the Lenders to, make any adjustments to this Agreement that are necessary to reflect such change in fiscal year.

 

ARTICLE 7
EVENTS OF DEFAULT

 

Section 7.01.  Events of Default.  If any of the following events (any such event, an “Event of Default”) shall occur:

 

(a)        any Loan Party shall fail to pay any principal of any Loan when and as the same shall become due and payable, whether at the due date thereof or at a date fixed for prepayment thereof or otherwise;

 

(b)        any Loan Party shall fail to pay any interest on any Loan or any fee or any other amount (other than an amount referred to in paragraph (a) of this Section) payable under any Loan Document, when and as the same shall become due and payable, and such failure shall continue unremedied for a period of five Business Days;

 

(c)        any representation or warranty made or deemed made by or on behalf of Holdings, the Borrower or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries in or in connection with any Loan Document or any amendment or modification thereof or waiver thereunder, or in any report, certificate, financial statement or other document furnished pursuant to or in connection with any Loan Document or any amendment or modification thereof or waiver thereunder, shall prove to have been incorrect in any material respect when made or deemed made;

 

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(d)        Holdings, the Borrower or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries shall fail to observe or perform any covenant, condition or agreement contained in Sections 5.02, 5.04 (with respect to the existence of Holdings, the Borrower or such Restricted Subsidiaries), 5.10 or in Article 6 (other than Section 6.09); provided that any Event of Default under Sections 6.12 and 6.13 is subject to the cure period provided in Section 7.02;

 

(e)        Holdings, the Borrower or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries shall fail to observe or perform any covenant, condition or agreement contained in any Loan Document (other than those specified in paragraph (a), (b) or (d) of this Section), and such failure shall continue unremedied for a period of 30 days after notice thereof from the Administrative Agent to the Borrower;

 

(f)        Holdings, the Borrower or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries shall fail to make any payment (whether of principal or interest and regardless of amount) in respect of any Material Indebtedness, when and as the same shall become due and payable (after giving effect to any applicable grace period);

 

(g)        any event or condition occurs that results in any Material Indebtedness becoming due prior to its scheduled maturity or that enables or permits (with all applicable grace periods having expired) the holder or holders of any Material Indebtedness or any trustee or agent on its or their behalf to cause any Material Indebtedness to become due, or to require the prepayment, repurchase, redemption or defeasance thereof, prior to its scheduled maturity, provided that this paragraph (g) shall not apply to (i) secured Indebtedness that becomes due as a result of the sale, transfer or other disposition (including as a result of a casualty or condemnation event) of the property or assets securing such Indebtedness (to the extent such sale, transfer or other disposition is not prohibited under this Agreement), (ii) Trading Debt (it being understood that paragraph (f) of this Section will apply to any failure to make any payment in respect of any Trading Debt) or (iii) termination events or similar events occurring under any Swap Agreement that constitutes Material Indebtedness (it being understood that paragraph (f) of this Section will apply to any failure to make any payment required as a result of any such termination or similar event);

 

(h)        an involuntary proceeding shall be commenced or an involuntary petition shall be filed seeking (i) liquidation, court protection, reorganization or other relief in respect of Holdings, the Borrower or any Material Subsidiary or its debts, or of a material part of its assets, under any Federal, state or foreign bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership or similar law now or hereafter in effect or (ii) the appointment of a receiver, trustee, custodian, examiner, sequestrator, conservator or similar official for Holdings, the Borrower or any Material Subsidiary or for a material part of its assets, and, in any such case, such proceeding or petition shall continue undismissed or unstayed for 60 days or an order or decree approving or ordering any of the foregoing shall be entered;

 

(i)         Holdings, the Borrower or any other Material Subsidiary shall (i) voluntarily commence any proceeding or file any petition seeking liquidation, court protection, reorganization or other relief under any Federal, state or foreign bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership or similar law now or hereafter in effect, (ii) consent to the institution of, or fail to contest in a timely and appropriate manner, any proceeding or

 

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petition described in paragraph (h) of this Section, (iii) apply for or consent to the appointment of a receiver, trustee, examiner, custodian, sequestrator, conservator or similar official for Holdings, the Borrower or any Material Subsidiary or for a material part of its assets, (iv) file an answer admitting the material allegations of a petition filed against it in any such proceeding or (v) make a general assignment for the benefit of creditors;

 

(j)         one or more enforceable judgments for the payment of money in an aggregate amount in excess of $15,000,000 (to the extent not covered by insurance as to which the insurer has been notified of such judgment or order and has not denied coverage) shall be rendered against Holdings, the Borrower and any of its Restricted Subsidiaries or any combination thereof and the same shall remain undischarged for a period of 60 consecutive days during which execution shall not be effectively stayed, or any judgment creditor shall legally attach or levy upon assets of any such Loan Party that are material to the businesses and operations of Holdings, the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, to enforce any such judgment;

 

(k)        (i) an ERISA Event occurs that has resulted or could reasonably be expected to result in liability of any Loan Party in an aggregate amount that could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, or (ii) any Loan Party or any ERISA Affiliate fails to pay when due, after the expiration of any applicable grace period, any installment payment with respect to its withdrawal liability under Section 4201 of ERISA under a Multiemployer Plan in an aggregate amount that could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect;

 

(l)         any Lien purported to be created under any Security Document shall cease to be, or shall be asserted by any Loan Party not to be, a valid and perfected Lien on any material portion of the Collateral, with the priority required by the applicable Security Document, except (i) as a result of the sale or other disposition of the applicable Collateral in a transaction permitted under the Loan Documents, (ii) as a result of the Administrative Agent’s failure to (A) maintain possession of any stock certificates, promissory notes or other instruments delivered to it under the Security Documents or (B) file Uniform Commercial Code continuation statements, (iii) as to Collateral consisting of real property to the extent that such losses are covered by a lender’s title insurance policy and such insurer has not denied coverage or (iv) as a result of acts or omissions of the Administrative Agent or any Lender;

 

(m)      any material provision of any Loan Document or any Guarantee of the Loan Document Obligations shall for any reason be asserted by any Loan Party not to be a legal, valid and binding obligation of any Loan Party party thereto or subject thereto other than as expressly permitted hereunder or thereunder;

 

(n)        any Guarantee of the Loan Document Obligations by any Loan Party pursuant to the Guarantee Agreement shall cease to be in full force and effect (in each case, other than in accordance with the terms of the Loan Documents);

 

(o)        a Change in Control shall occur;

 

(p)        [Reserved];

 

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(q)        [Reserved];

 

(r)         one or more Regulated Subsidiaries shall become subject to regulatory restrictions on its business as a result of falling below capital early warning levels and such restrictions are material and adverse to the business of Holdings, the Borrower and the Restricted Subsidiaries, taken as a whole; or

 

(s)        any disqualification of the Borrower or Holdings from owning any Regulated Subsidiary which disqualification remains in effect and unwaived for a period of 30 days from receipt of notification thereof by the Borrower or Holdings; provided, however that if the Borrower or Holdings becomes the subject of a waiver application within such 30 day period, then such disqualification shall not constitute an Event Of Default for so long as such waiver application has not been denied;

 

then, and in every such event (other than an event with respect to Holdings or the Borrower described in paragraph (h) or (i) of this Article), and at any time thereafter during the continuance of such event, the Administrative Agent may, and at the request of the Required Lenders shall, by notice to the Borrower, take either or both of the following actions, at the same or different times: (i) terminate the Commitments, and thereupon the Commitments shall terminate immediately, and (ii) declare the Loans then outstanding to be due and payable in whole (or in part, in which case any principal not so declared to be due and payable may thereafter be declared to be due and payable), and thereupon the principal of the Loans so declared to be due and payable, together with accrued interest thereon and all fees and other obligations of the Borrower accrued hereunder, shall become due and payable immediately, without presentment, demand, protest or other notice of any kind, all of which are hereby waived by the Borrower; and in case of any event with respect to Holdings or the Borrower described in paragraph (h) or (i) of this Article, the Commitments shall automatically terminate and the principal of the Loans then outstanding, together with accrued interest thereon and all fees and other obligations of the Borrower accrued hereunder, shall automatically become due and payable, without presentment, demand, protest or other notice of any kind, all of which are hereby waived by the Borrower.

 

Section 7.02.  Right to Cure.

 

(a)        Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in Section 7.01, in the event that the Borrower and the Restricted Subsidiaries fail to comply with the requirements of either Financial Performance Covenant as of the last day of any fiscal quarter of the Borrower, then at any time after the beginning of such fiscal quarter until the expiration of the 10th day subsequent to the earlier of (i) the date on which a Compliance Certificate with respect to such fiscal quarter (or the fiscal year ended on the last day of such fiscal quarter) is delivered in accordance with Section 5.01(d) and (ii) the date on which the financial statements with respect to such fiscal quarter (or the fiscal year ended on the last day of such fiscal quarter) are required to be delivered pursuant to Section 5.01(a) or (b), as applicable, Holdings shall have the right to issue Qualified Equity Interests for cash or otherwise receive cash contributions to the capital of Holdings as cash common equity or other Qualified Equity Interests (which Holdings shall contribute through its Subsidiaries of which the Borrower is a Subsidiary to the Borrower as cash common equity) (collectively, the “Cure Right”), and upon the receipt

 

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by the Borrower of the Net Proceeds of such issuance that are Not Otherwise Applied (the “Cure Amount”) pursuant to the exercise by Holdings of such Cure Right such Financial Performance Covenant shall be recalculated giving effect to the following pro forma adjustment:

 

(i)            Consolidated EBITDA shall be increased with respect to such applicable fiscal quarter and any four fiscal quarter period that contains such fiscal quarter, solely for the purpose of measuring the Financial Performance Covenants and not for any other purpose under this Agreement, by an amount equal to the Cure Amount; and

 

(ii)           if, after giving effect to the foregoing pro forma adjustment (without giving effect to any repayment of any Indebtedness with any portion of the Cure Amount or any portion of the Cure Amount on the balance sheet of the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries, in each case, with respect to such fiscal quarter only), the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries shall then be in compliance with the requirements of the Financial Performance Covenants, the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries shall be deemed to have satisfied the requirements of the Financial Performance Covenants as of the relevant date of determination with the same effect as though there had been no failure to comply therewith at such date, and the applicable breach or default of the Financial Performance Covenants that had occurred shall be deemed cured for the purposes of this Agreement;

 

provided that the Borrower shall have notified the Administrative Agent of the exercise of such Cure Right within five (5) Business Days of the issuance of the relevant Qualified Equity Interests for cash or the receipt of the cash contributions by Holdings.

 

(b)        Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, (i) in each four consecutive fiscal quarter period of the Borrower there shall be at least two fiscal quarters in which the Cure Right is not exercised, (ii) during the life of this Agreement, the Cure Right shall not be exercised more than four times and (iii) for purposes of this Section 7.02, the Cure Amount shall be no greater than the amount required for purposes of complying with the Financial Performance Covenants and any amounts in excess thereof shall not be deemed to be a Cure Amount.  Notwithstanding any other provision in this Agreement to the contrary, the Cure Amount received pursuant to any exercise of the Cure Right shall be disregarded for purposes of determining any financial ratio based conditions or any available basket under Article 6 of this Agreement.

 

ARTICLE 8
ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT AND COLLATERAL AGENT

 

Each Lender hereby irrevocably appoints the Administrative Agent its agent and authorizes the Administrative Agent to take such actions on its behalf and to exercise such powers as are delegated to it by the terms of the Loan Documents, together with such actions and powers as are reasonably incidental thereto.  The Administrative Agent shall also act as the “collateral agent” under the Loan Documents (and for purposes of this Article 8, the Administrative Agent acting in its capacity as such and acting in its

 

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capacity as collateral agent shall be referred to collectively as the “Agent” or the “Agents”), and each of the Lenders hereby irrevocably appoints and authorizes the Administrative Agent to act as the agent of such Lender for purposes of acquiring, holding and enforcing any and all Liens on Collateral granted by any of the Loan Parties to secure any of the Secured Obligations, together with such powers and discretion as are reasonably incidental thereto.  In this connection, the Administrative Agent, as “collateral agent” and any co-agents, sub-agents and attorneys-in-fact appointed by the Administrative Agent hereunder for purposes of holding or enforcing any Lien on the Collateral (or any portion thereof) granted under the Security Documents, or for exercising any rights and remedies thereunder at the direction of the Administrative Agent, shall be entitled to the benefits of all provisions of this Article 8 and Article 9 (including Section 9.03 as though such co-agents, sub-agents and attorneys-in-fact were the “collateral agent” under the Loan Documents) as if set forth in full herein with respect thereto.

 

Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Agents are hereby expressly authorized to (i) execute any and all documents (including releases) with respect to the Collateral and the rights of the Secured Parties with respect thereto, as contemplated by and in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement and the Security Documents and (ii) negotiate, enforce or settle any claim, action or proceeding affecting the Lenders in their capacity as such, at the direction of the Required Lenders, which negotiation, enforcement or settlement will be binding upon each Lender. In the event that any obligations (other than the Secured Obligations) are permitted to be incurred hereunder and secured by Liens permitted to be incurred hereunder on all or a portion of the Collateral, each Lender authorizes each Agent to enter into intercreditor agreements, subordination agreements and amendments to the Security Documents to reflect such arrangements on terms acceptable to such Agent.

 

The institution serving as the Administrative Agent and/or the Collateral Agent hereunder shall have the same rights and powers in its capacity as a Lender as any other Lender and may exercise the same as though it were not an Agent, and the term “Lender” or “Lenders” shall, unless otherwise expressly indicated or unless the context otherwise requires, include the Person serving as the Agent hereunder in its individual capacity.  Such bank and its Affiliates may accept deposits from, lend money to and generally engage in any kind of business with Holdings, the Borrower or any Subsidiary or other Affiliate thereof as if it were not an Agent hereunder.

 

Neither Agent shall have any duties or obligations except those expressly set forth in the Loan Documents.  Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, (a) neither Agent shall be subject to any fiduciary or other implied duties, regardless of whether a Default has occurred and is continuing, (b) neither Agent shall have any duty to take any discretionary action or exercise any discretionary powers, except discretionary rights and powers expressly contemplated hereby that such Agent is instructed in writing to exercise by the Required Lenders (or such other number or percentage of the Lenders as shall be necessary under the circumstances as provided in Section 9.02); provided that neither Agent shall be required to take any action that, in its opinion or the opinion of its counsel, may expose such Agent to liability or that is contrary to any Loan Document or applicable law, and (c) except as expressly set forth in the Loan Documents, neither Agent shall have any duty to disclose, nor shall it be liable

 

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for the failure to disclose, any information relating to Holdings, the Borrower or any of the Subsidiaries that is communicated to or obtained by the bank serving as Administrative Agent and/or Collateral Agent or any of its Affiliates in any capacity.  Neither Agent shall be liable for any action taken or not taken by it with the consent or at the request of the Required Lenders (or such other number or percentage of the Lenders as shall be necessary under the circumstances as provided in Section 9.02) or in the absence of its own gross negligence or willful misconduct as determined by a court of competent jurisdiction in a final and non-appealable judgment. Neither Agent shall be deemed to have knowledge of any Default unless and until written notice thereof is given to such Agent by Holdings, the Borrower or a Lender, and neither Agent shall be responsible for or have any duty to ascertain or inquire into (i) any statement, warranty or representation made in or in connection with any Loan Document, (ii) the contents of any certificate, report or other document delivered thereunder or in connection therewith, (iii) the performance or observance of any of the covenants, agreements or other terms or conditions set forth in any Loan Document, (iv) the validity, enforceability, effectiveness or genuineness of any Loan Document or any other agreement, instrument or document, (v) the creation, perfection or priority of any Lien purported to be created by the Security Documents, (vi) the value or the sufficiency of any Collateral, (vii) the financial condition or business affairs of any Loan Party or any other Person liable for the payment of any Secured Obligations or as to the use of the proceeds of the Loans, (viii) the properties, books or records of any Loan Party, (ix) the existence or possible existence of any Event of Default or Default or (x) the satisfaction of any condition set forth in Article 4 or elsewhere in any Loan Document, other than to confirm receipt of items expressly required to be delivered to such Agent.

 

Each Agent shall be entitled to rely upon, and shall not incur any liability for relying upon, any notice, request, certificate, consent, statement, instrument, document or other writing (including any electronic message, Internet or intranet website posting or other distribution) believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or sent by the proper Person. Each Agent may also rely upon any statement made to it orally or by telephone and believed by it to have been made by the proper Person, and shall not incur any liability for relying thereon. Each Agent may consult with legal counsel (who may be counsel for the Borrower), independent accountants and other experts selected by it, and shall not be liable for any action taken or not taken by it in accordance with the advice of any such counsel, accountants or experts.

 

Each Agent may perform any and all its duties and exercise its rights and powers by or through any one or more sub-agents appointed by it. Each Agent and any such sub-agent may perform any and all its duties and exercise its rights and powers by or through their respective Related Parties. The exculpatory provisions of the preceding paragraphs shall apply to any such sub-agent and to the Related Parties of each Agent and any such sub-agent, and shall apply to their respective activities in connection with the syndication of the credit facilities provided for herein as well as activities as Agent.

 

Subject to the appointment and acceptance of a successor Agent as provided below, either Agent may resign at any time upon 30 days’ notice to the Lenders and the Borrower.  If the Administrative Agent becomes the subject of a bankruptcy or insolvency proceeding, or has had a receiver, conservator, trustee or custodian appointed for it, or has consented to, approved of or acquiesced in any such proceeding or

 

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appointment or has a parent company that has become the subject of a bankruptcy or insolvency proceeding, or has had a receiver, conservator, trustee or custodian appointed for it, or has consented to, approved of or acquiesced in any such proceeding or appointment and the Administrative Agent is not performing its role hereunder as Administrative Agent, then the Administrative Agent may be removed as the Administrative Agent hereunder at the request of the Borrower and the Required Lenders.  Upon receipt of any such notice of resignation or upon such removal, the Required Lenders shall have the right, with the Borrower’s consent (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed) (provided that no consent of the Borrower shall be required if an Event of Default under Section 7.01(a), (b), (h) or (i) has occurred and is continuing), to appoint a successor. If no successor shall have been so appointed by the Required Lenders and shall have accepted such appointment within 30 days after the retiring Agent gives notice of its resignation, then the retiring Agent may, on behalf of the Lenders, appoint a successor Agent which shall be a bank with an office in New York, New York, or an Affiliate of any such bank. If no successor Agent has been appointed pursuant to the immediately preceding sentence by the 30th day after the date such notice of resignation was given by such Agent, such Agent’s resignation shall become effective and the Required Lenders shall thereafter perform all the duties of such Agent hereunder and/or under any other Loan Document until such time, if any, as the Required Lenders appoint a successor Administrative Agent and/or Collateral Agent, as the case may be.  Upon the acceptance of its appointment as Agent hereunder by a successor, such successor shall succeed to and become vested with all the rights, powers, privileges and duties of the retiring Agent, and the retiring Agent shall be discharged from its duties and obligations hereunder. The fees payable by the Borrower to a successor Agent shall be the same as those payable to its predecessor unless otherwise agreed between the Borrower and such successor. After an Agent’s resignation hereunder, the provisions of this Article and Section 9.03 shall continue in effect for the benefit of such retiring Agent, its sub-agents and their respective Related Parties in respect of any actions taken or omitted to be taken by any of them while acting as Agent.

 

Each Lender acknowledges and represents and warrants that it has, independently and without reliance upon the Agents or any other Lender and based on such documents and information as it has deemed appropriate, made its own credit analysis and decision to enter into this Agreement.  Each Lender also acknowledges that it will, independently and without reliance upon the Agents or any other Lender and based on such documents and information as it shall from time to time deem appropriate, continue to make its own decisions in taking or not taking action under or based upon this Agreement or any other Loan Document, any related agreement or any document furnished hereunder or thereunder. Neither Agent shall have any duty or responsibility, either initially or on a continuing basis, to make any investigation or any appraisal on behalf of Lenders or to provide any Lender with any credit or other information with respect thereto, whether coming into its possession before the making of the Loans or at any time or times thereafter, and neither Agent shall have any responsibility with respect to the accuracy or completeness of any information provided to Lenders.

 

In case of the pendency of any proceeding under any Debtor Relief Law or any other judicial proceeding relative to any Loan Party, the Administrative Agent (irrespective of whether the principal of any Loan shall then be due and payable as herein expressed or by declaration or otherwise and irrespective of whether the Administrative

 

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Agent shall have made any demand on the Borrower) shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise:

 

(a)           to file and prove a claim for the whole amount of the principal and interest owing and unpaid in respect of the Loans and all other Secured Obligations that are owing and unpaid and to file such other documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Lenders and the Agents (including any claim for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Lenders and the Agents and their respective agents and counsel and all other amounts due the Lenders and the Agents under Sections 2.12 and 9.03) allowed in such judicial proceeding; and

 

(b)           to collect and receive any monies or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same;

 

and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator or other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Lender to make such payments to the Administrative Agent and, if the Administrative Agent shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Lenders, to pay to each Agent any amount due for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of such Agent and its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due such Agent under Sections 2.12 and 9.03.

 

Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to authorize the Administrative Agent to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Lender any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Secured Obligations or the rights of any Lender to authorize the Administrative Agent to vote in respect of the claim of any Lender in any such proceeding.

 

To the extent required by any applicable law, the Administrative Agent may deduct or withhold from any payment to any Lender an amount equivalent to any applicable withholding Tax.  If the Internal Revenue Service or any other authority of the United States or other jurisdiction asserts a claim that the Administrative Agent did not properly withhold Tax from amounts paid to or for the account of any Lender for any reason (including, without limitation, because the appropriate form was not delivered or not property executed, or because such Lender failed to notify the Administrative Agent of a change in circumstance that rendered the exemption from, or reduction of withholding Tax ineffective, or for any other reason), such Lender shall indemnify and hold harmless the Administrative Agent (to the extent that the Administrative Agent has not already been reimbursed by the Borrower pursuant to Section 2.15 and without limiting any obligation of the Borrower to do so pursuant to such Section) fully for all amounts paid, directly or indirectly, by the Administrative Agent as Taxes or otherwise, together with all expenses incurred, including legal expenses and any other out-of-pocket expenses, whether or not such Tax was correctly or legally imposed or asserted by the relevant Governmental Authority.  A certificate as to the amount of such payment or liability delivered to any Lender by the Administrative Agent shall be conclusive absent manifest error.  Each Lender hereby authorizes the Administrative Agent to set off and apply any and all amounts at any time owing to such Lender under this Agreement or any other Loan Document against any amount due to the Administrative Agent under this Article 8.  The agreements in this Article 8 shall survive the resignation and/or

 

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replacement of the Administrative Agent, any assignment of rights by, or the replacement of, a Lender, the termination of this Agreement and the repayment, satisfaction or discharge of all other obligations.

 

Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement or any provision of any other Loan Document, the Lead Arranger is named as such for recognition purposes only, and in its capacity as such shall have no duties, responsibilities or liabilities with respect to this Agreement or any other Loan Document; it being understood and agreed that the Lead Arranger shall be entitled to all indemnification and reimbursement rights in favor of the Agents provided herein and in the other Loan Documents.  Without limitation of the foregoing, the Lead Arranger in its capacity as such shall not, by reason of this Agreement or any other Loan Document, have any fiduciary relationship in respect of any Lender, any Loan Party or any other Person.

 

ARTICLE 9
MISCELLANEOUS

 

Section 9.01.  Notices.

 

(a)        Except in the case of notices and other communications expressly permitted to be given by telephone, all notices and other communications provided for herein shall be in writing and shall be delivered by hand or overnight courier service, mailed by certified or registered mail or sent by fax or other electronic transmission, as follows:

 

(i)            if to Holdings, the Borrower or the Administrative Agent, to the address, fax number, e-mail address or telephone number specified for such Person on Schedule 9.01; and

 

(ii)           if to any Lender, to it at its address (or fax number, telephone number or e-mail address) set forth in its Administrative Questionnaire (including, as appropriate, notices delivered solely to the Person designated by a Lender on its Administrative Questionnaire then in effect for the delivery of notices that may contain material non-public information relating to the Borrower).

 

Notices and other communications sent by hand or overnight courier service, or mailed by certified or registered mail, shall be deemed to have been given when received; notices and other communications sent by telecopier shall be deemed to have been given when sent (except that, if not given during normal business hours for the recipient, shall be deemed to have been given at the opening of business on the next business day for the recipient).  Notices and other communications delivered through electronic communications to the extent provided in subsection (b) below shall be effective as provided in such subsection (b).

 

(b)        Electronic Communications.  Notices and other communications to the Lenders hereunder may be delivered or furnished by electronic communication (including e-mail and Internet or intranet websites) pursuant to procedures reasonably approved by

 

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the Administrative Agent, provided that the foregoing shall not apply to notices to any Lender pursuant to Article 2 if such Lender has notified the Administrative Agent that it is incapable of receiving notices under such Article by electronic communication.

 

Unless the Administrative Agent otherwise prescribes, (i) notices and other communications sent to an e-mail address shall be deemed received upon the sender’s receipt of an acknowledgement from the intended recipient (such as by the “return receipt requested” function, as available, return e-mail or other written acknowledgement), provided that if such notice or other communication is not sent during the normal business hours of the recipient, such notice or communication shall be deemed to have been sent at the opening of business on the next Business Day for the recipient, and (ii) notices or communications posted to an Internet or intranet website shall be deemed received upon the deemed receipt by the intended recipient at its e-mail address as described in the foregoing clause (i) of notification that such notice or communication is available and identifying the website address therefor.

 

(c)        The Platform.  THE PLATFORM IS PROVIDED “AS IS” AND “AS AVAILABLE.”  THE AGENT PARTIES (AS DEFINED BELOW) DO NOT WARRANT THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE BORROWER MATERIALS OR THE ADEQUACY OF THE PLATFORM, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM LIABILITY FOR ERRORS IN OR OMISSIONS FROM THE BORROWER MATERIALS.  NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY RIGHTS OR FREEDOM FROM VIRUSES OR OTHER CODE DEFECTS, IS MADE BY ANY AGENT PARTY IN CONNECTION WITH THE BORROWER MATERIALS OR THE PLATFORM.  In no event shall the Administrative Agent or any of its Related Parties (collectively, the “Agent Parties”) have any liability to Holdings, the Borrower, any Lender or any other Person for losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses of any kind (whether in tort, contract or otherwise) arising out of the Borrower’s or the Administrative Agent’s transmission of Borrower Materials through the Internet, except to the extent that such losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses are determined by a court of competent jurisdiction by a final and non-appealable judgment to have resulted from the gross negligence or willful misconduct of such Agent Party; provided, however, that in no event shall any Agent Party have any liability to Holdings, the Borrower, any Lender or any other Person for indirect, special, incidental, consequential or punitive damages (as opposed to direct or actual damages).

 

(d)        Public Lenders. Each Public Lender agrees to cause at least one individual at or on behalf of such Public Lender to at all times have selected the “Private Side Information” or similar designation on the content declaration screen of the Platform in order to enable such Public Lender or its delegate, in accordance with such Public Lender’s compliance procedures and applicable law, including United States Federal and state securities laws, to make reference to communications that are not made available through the “Public Side Information” portion of the Platform and that may contain material non-public information with respect to the Borrower or its securities for purposes of United States Federal or state securities laws.

 

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(e)        Change of Address, Etc.  Each of Holdings, the Borrower and the Administrative Agent may change its address, electronic mail address, fax or telephone number for notices and other communications or website hereunder by notice to the other parties hereto.  Each Lender may change its address, fax or telephone number for notices and other communications hereunder by notice to the Borrower and the Administrative Agent.  In addition, each Lender agrees to notify the Administrative Agent from time to time to ensure that the Administrative Agent has on record (i) an effective address, contact name, telephone number, fax number and electronic mail address to which notices and other communications may be sent and (ii) accurate wire instructions for such Lender.

 

(f)        Reliance by Administrative Agent and Lenders.  The Administrative Agent and the Lenders shall be entitled to rely and act upon any notices purportedly given by or on behalf of the Borrower even if (i) such notices were not made in a manner specified herein, were incomplete or were not preceded or followed by any other form of notice specified herein, or (ii) the terms thereof, as understood by the recipient, varied from any confirmation thereof.  The Borrower shall indemnify the Administrative Agent, each Lender and the Related Parties from all losses, costs, expenses and liabilities resulting from the reliance by such Person on each notice purportedly given by or on behalf of the Borrower in the absence of gross negligence or willful misconduct as determined in a final and non-appealable judgment by a court of competent jurisdiction.  All telephonic notices to and other telephonic communications with the Administrative Agent may be recorded by the Administrative Agent and each of the parties hereto hereby consents to such recording.

 

Section 9.02.  Waivers; Amendments.

 

(a)        No failure or delay by the Administrative Agent or any Lender in exercising any right or power under this Agreement or any Loan Document shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any such right or power, or any abandonment or discontinuance of steps to enforce such a right or power, preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right or power.  The rights and remedies of the Administrative Agent and the Lenders hereunder and under the other Loan Documents are cumulative and are not exclusive of any rights or remedies that they would otherwise have.  No waiver of any provision of this Agreement or any Loan Document or consent to any departure by any Loan Party therefrom shall in any event be effective unless the same shall be permitted by paragraph (b) of this Section, and then such waiver or consent shall be effective only in the specific instance and for the purpose for which given.  Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the making of a Loan shall not be construed as a waiver of any Default, regardless of whether the Administrative Agent or any Lender may have had notice or knowledge of such Default at the time.  No notice or demand on the Borrower or Holdings in any case shall entitle the Borrower or Holdings to any other or further notice or demand in similar or other circumstances.

 

(b)        Except as provided in Section 2.18 with respect to any Incremental Revolving Facility Amendment or Incremental Term Facility Amendment (including to provide for provisions relating to the issuance of letters of credit and swingline loans and provisions with respect to “defaulting lenders”), Section 2.19 with respect to any

 

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Refinancing Amendment or Section 6.15 with respect to a change in the fiscal year of Holdings and the Borrower, neither this Agreement nor any Loan Document nor any provision hereof or thereof may be waived, amended or modified except, in the case of this Agreement, pursuant to an agreement or agreements in writing entered into by Holdings, the Borrower and the Required Lenders or, in the case of any other Loan Document, pursuant to an agreement or agreements in writing entered into by the Administrative Agent and the Loan Party or Loan Parties that are parties thereto, in each case with the consent of the Required Lenders, provided that no such agreement shall (i) increase the Commitment of any Lender without the written consent of such Lender (it being understood that a waiver of any condition precedent set forth in Section 4.02 or the waiver of any Default, mandatory prepayment or mandatory reduction of the Commitments shall not constitute an extension or increase of any Commitment of any Lender), (ii) reduce the principal amount of any Loan or reduce the rate of interest thereon, or reduce any fees payable hereunder, without the written consent of each Lender directly and adversely affected thereby (it being understood that any change to the definition of Total Leverage Ratio, Total Net Leverage Ratio or in the component definitions thereof shall not constitute a reduction of interest or fees), provided that only the consent of the Required Lenders shall be necessary to waive any obligation of the Borrower to pay default interest pursuant to Section 2.11(c), (iii) postpone the maturity of any Loan, or the date of any scheduled amortization payment of the principal amount of any Term Loan under Section 2.08 or the applicable Refinancing Amendment, or any date for the payment of any interest or fees payable hereunder, or reduce the amount of, waive or excuse any such payment, or postpone the scheduled date of expiration of any Commitment, without the written consent of each Lender directly and adversely affected thereby, (iv) change Section 2.16(b) or (c) in a manner that would alter the pro rata sharing of payments required thereby, without the written consent of the Lenders holding a Majority in Interest of the outstanding Loans and unused Commitments of each adversely affected Class, (v) change any of the provisions of this Section without the written consent of each Lender directly and adversely affected thereby, (vi) change the percentage set forth in the definition of “Required Lenders” or any other provision of any Loan Document specifying the number or percentage of Lenders (or Lenders of any Class) required to waive, amend or modify any rights thereunder or make any determination or grant any consent thereunder, without the written consent of each Lender (or each Lender of such Class, as the case may be), (vii) release all or substantially all the value of the Guarantees under the Guarantee Agreement (except as expressly provided in the Guarantee Agreement) without the written consent of each Lender (except as expressly provided in the Security Documents), (viii) release all or substantially all the Collateral from the Liens of the Security Documents, without the written consent of each Lender, (ix) change any provisions of any Loan Document in a manner that by its terms adversely affects the rights in respect of payments due to Lenders holding Loans of any Class differently than those holding Loans of any other Class, without the written consent of Lenders holding a Majority in Interest of the outstanding Loans and unused Commitments of each affected Class, or (x) change the rights of the Term Lenders to decline mandatory prepayments as provided in Section 2.09 or the rights of any Additional Lenders of any Class to decline mandatory prepayments of Term Loans of such Class as provided in the applicable Refinancing Amendment, without the written consent of a Majority in Interest of the Term Lenders or Additional Lenders of such Class, as applicable; provided further that (A) no such agreement shall amend, modify or

 

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otherwise affect the rights or duties of the Administrative Agent without the prior written consent of the Administrative Agent and (B) any provision of this Agreement or any other Loan Document may be amended by an agreement in writing entered into by Holdings, the Borrower and the Administrative Agent to cure any ambiguity, omission, defect or inconsistency so long as, in each case, the Lenders shall have received at least five Business Days’ prior written notice thereof and the Administrative Agent shall not have received, within five Business Days of the date of such notice to the Lenders, a written notice from the Required Lenders stating that the Required Lenders object to such amendment.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, (a) this Agreement may be amended (or amended and restated) with the written consent of the Required Lenders, the Administrative Agent, Holdings and the Borrower (i) to add one or more additional credit facilities to this Agreement and to permit the extensions of credit from time to time outstanding thereunder and the accrued interest and fees in respect thereof to share ratably in the benefits of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents and (ii) to include appropriately the Lenders holding such credit facilities in any determination of the Required Lenders on substantially the same basis as the Lenders prior to such inclusion and (b) guarantees, collateral security documents and related documents executed by Foreign Subsidiaries in connection with this Agreement may be in a form reasonably determined by the Administrative Agent and may be, together with this Agreement, amended and waived with the consent of the Administrative Agent at the request of the Borrower without the need to obtain the consent of any other Lender if such amendment or waiver is delivered in order (i) to comply with local law or advice of local counsel, (ii) to cure ambiguities or defects or (iii) to cause such guarantee, collateral security document or other document to be consistent with this Agreement and the other Loan Documents.

 

(c)        In connection with any proposed amendment, modification, waiver or termination (a “Proposed Change”) requiring the consent of all Lenders or all directly and adversely affected Lenders, if the consent of the Required Lenders (and, to the extent any Proposed Change requires the consent of Lenders holding Loans of any Class pursuant to clause (iv), (ix) or (x) of paragraph (b) of this Section, the consent of a Majority in Interest of the outstanding Loans and unused Commitments of such Class) to such Proposed Change is obtained, but the consent to such Proposed Change of other Lenders whose consent is required is not obtained (any such Lender whose consent is not obtained as described in paragraph (b) of this Section being referred to as a “Non-Consenting Lender”), then, so long as the Lender that is acting as Administrative Agent is not a Non-Consenting Lender, the Borrower may, at its sole expense and effort, upon notice to such Non-Consenting Lender and the Administrative Agent, require such Non-Consenting Lender to assign and delegate, without recourse (in accordance with and subject to the restrictions contained in Section 9.04), all its interests, rights and obligations under this Agreement to an Eligible Assignee that shall assume such obligations (which Eligible Assignee may be another Lender, if a Lender accepts such assignment), provided that (a) the Borrower shall have received the prior written consent of the Administrative Agent to the extent such consent would be required under Section 9.04(b) for an assignment of Loans or Commitments, as applicable, which consent shall not unreasonably be withheld, (b) such Non-Consenting Lender shall have received payment of an amount equal to the outstanding par principal amount of its Loans, accrued interest thereon, accrued fees and all other amounts payable to it hereunder (including pursuant to Section 2.09(a)(i)) from the Eligible Assignee (to the extent of such

 

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outstanding principal and accrued interest and fees) or the Borrower (in the case of all other amounts) and (c) unless waived, the Borrower or such Eligible Assignee shall have paid to the Administrative Agent the processing and recordation fee specified in Section 9.04(b).

 

(d)        Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement or the other Loan Documents to the contrary, each Affiliated Lender (other than an Affiliated Debt Fund) hereby agrees that, if a proceeding under the United States Bankruptcy Code or any other Federal, state or foreign bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership or similar law shall be commenced by or against the Borrower or any other Loan Party at a time when such Lender is an Affiliated Lender, such Affiliated Lender irrevocably authorizes and empowers the Administrative Agent to vote on behalf of such Affiliated Lender with respect to the Loans held by such Affiliated Lender in any manner in the Administrative Agent’s sole discretion, unless the Administrative Agent instructs such Affiliated Lender to vote, in which case such Affiliated Lender shall vote with respect to the Loans held by it as the Administrative Agent directs; provided that such Affiliated Lender shall be entitled to vote in accordance with its sole discretion (and not in accordance with the direction of the Administrative Agent) in connection with any plan of reorganization to the extent any such plan of reorganization proposes to treat any Secured Obligations held by such Affiliated Lender in a manner that is less favorable in any material respect to such Affiliated Lender than the proposed treatment of similar Secured Obligations held by Lenders that are not Affiliates of the Borrower.

 

Section 9.03.  Expenses; Indemnity; Damage Waiver.

 

(a)        The Borrower shall pay (i) all reasonable and documented or invoiced out-of-pocket costs and expenses incurred by the Administrative Agent, the Lead Arranger and their Affiliates (without duplication), including the reasonable fees, charges and disbursements of Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP and to the extent reasonably determined by the Administrative Agent to be necessary, one local counsel in each applicable jurisdiction (exclusive of any reasonably necessary special counsel) for the Administrative Agent and, in the case of an actual or reasonably perceived conflict of interest, one additional counsel per affected party, and any other counsel retained with the Borrower’s consent (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed), in connection with the syndication of the credit facilities provided for herein, and the preparation, execution, delivery and administration of the Loan Documents or any amendments, modifications or waivers of the provisions thereof (whether or not successful) and (ii) all reasonable and documented or invoiced out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the Administrative Agent or any Lender, including the fees, charges and disbursements of counsel for the Administrative Agent and the Lenders, in connection with the enforcement or protection of any rights or remedies (A) in connection with the Loan Documents (including all such costs and expenses incurred during any legal proceeding, including any proceeding under any Debtor Relief Laws), including its rights under this Section or (B) in connection with the Loans made hereunder, including all such out-of pocket costs and expenses incurred during any workout, restructuring or negotiations in respect of such Loans; provided that such counsel shall be limited to one lead counsel and such local counsel (exclusive of any reasonably necessary special counsel) as may reasonably be deemed necessary by the Administrative Agent in each relevant jurisdiction and, in the case of an actual or reasonably perceived conflict of

 

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interest, one additional counsel per affected party, and any other counsel retained with the Borrower’s consent (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed).

 

(b)        The Borrower shall indemnify the Administrative Agent, each Lender, the Lead Arranger and each Related Party of any of the foregoing Persons (each such Person being called an “Indemnitee”) against, and hold each Indemnitee harmless from, any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities and reasonable and documented or invoiced out-of-pocket fees and expenses of any counsel for any Indemnitee (provided that such counsel shall be limited to one lead counsel and such local counsel (exclusive of any reasonably necessary special counsel) as may reasonably be deemed necessary by the Indemnitees in each relevant jurisdiction and, in the case of an actual or perceived conflict of interest, one additional counsel per affected party), incurred by or asserted against any Indemnitee by any third party or by the Borrower, Holdings or any Subsidiary arising out of, in connection with, or as a result of (i) the execution or delivery of this Agreement, any Loan Document or any other agreement or instrument contemplated hereby or thereby, the performance by the parties to the Loan Documents of their respective obligations thereunder or the consummation of the Transactions or any other transactions contemplated thereby, (ii) any Loan or the use of the proceeds therefrom, (iii) any actual or alleged presence or Release of Hazardous Materials on, at, to or from any Mortgaged Property or any other property currently or formerly owned or operated by Holdings, the Borrower or any Subsidiary, or any other Environmental Liability related in any way to Holdings, the Borrower or any Subsidiary, or (iv) any actual or prospective claim, litigation, investigation or proceeding relating to any of the foregoing, whether based on contract, tort or any other theory, whether brought by a third party or by the Borrower, Holdings or any Subsidiary and regardless of whether any Indemnitee is a party thereto; provided that such indemnity shall not, as to any Indemnitee, be available to the extent that such losses, claims, damages, liabilities, costs or related expenses (x) resulted from the gross negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct of such Indemnitee or its Related Parties (as determined by a court of competent jurisdiction in a final and non-appealable judgment), (y) resulted from a material breach of the Loan Documents by such Indemnitee or its Related Parties (as determined by a court of competent jurisdiction in a final and non-appealable judgment) or (z) arise from disputes between or among Indemnitees that do not involve an act or omission by Holdings, the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary, except that the Administrative Agent and the Lead Arranger shall be indemnified in their capacities as such with respect to any dispute under this clause (z).

 

(c)        To the extent that the Borrower fails to pay any amount required to be paid by it to the Administrative Agent or the Lead Arranger under paragraph (a) or (b) of this Section, each Lender severally agrees to pay to the Administrative Agent or the Lead Arranger, as the case may be, such Lender’s pro rata share (determined as of the time that the applicable unreimbursed expense or indemnity payment is sought) of such unpaid amount, provided that the unreimbursed expense or indemnified loss, claim, damage, liability or related expense, as the case may be, was incurred by or asserted against the Administrative Agent or the Lead Arranger in its capacity as such.  For purposes hereof, a Lender’s “pro rata share” shall be determined based upon its share of the aggregate Term Loans and unused Commitments at such time.  The obligations of the Lenders under this paragraph (c) are subject to the last sentence of Section 2.02(a) (which shall apply mutatis mutandis to the Lenders’ obligations under this paragraph (c)).

 

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(d)        To the extent permitted by applicable law, neither Holdings nor the Borrower shall assert, and each hereby waives, any claim against any Indemnitee (i) for any direct or actual damages arising from the use by unintended recipients of information or other materials distributed to such unintended recipients by such Indemnitee through telecommunications, electronic or other information transmission systems (including the Internet) in connection with this Agreement or the other Loan Documents or the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby; provided that such indemnity shall not, as to any Indemnitee, be available to the extent that such direct or actual damages are determined by a court of competent jurisdiction by final, non-appealable judgment to have resulted from the gross negligence or willful misconduct of, or a material breach of the Loan Documents by, such Indemnitee or its Related Parties or (ii) on any theory of liability, for special, indirect, consequential or punitive damages (as opposed to direct or actual damages) arising out of, in connection with, or as a result of, this Agreement, any other Loan Document or any agreement or instrument contemplated hereby or thereby, the Transactions, any Loan or the use of the proceeds thereof.

 

(e)        All amounts due under this Section shall be payable not later than ten (10) Business Days after written demand therefor; provided, however, that any Indemnitee shall promptly refund an indemnification payment received hereunder to the extent that there is a final judicial determination that such Indemnitee was not entitled to indemnification with respect to such payment pursuant to this Section 9.03.

 

Section 9.04.  Successors and Assigns.

 

(a)        The provisions of this Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns permitted hereby, except that (i) the Borrower may not assign or otherwise transfer any of its rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of each Lender (and any attempted assignment or transfer by the Borrower without such consent shall be null and void) and (ii) no Lender may assign or otherwise transfer its rights or obligations hereunder except in accordance with this Section.  Nothing in this Agreement, expressed or implied, shall be construed to confer upon any Person (other than the parties hereto, their respective successors and assigns permitted hereby, the Indemnitees and, to the extent expressly contemplated hereby, the Related Parties of each of the Administrative Agent and the Lenders) any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or by reason of this Agreement.

 

(b)        (i) Subject to the conditions set forth in paragraphs (b)(ii) and (f) below, any Lender may assign to one or more Eligible Assignees all or a portion of its rights and obligations under this Agreement (including all or a portion of its Commitment and the Loans at the time owing to it) with the prior written consent (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed) of (A) the Borrower; provided that no consent of the Borrower shall be required for an assignment (x) to any Lender or an Affiliate of any Lender, (y) to an Approved Fund or (z) (1) prior to the earlier of the date upon which a “successful syndication” of the term facility provided hereunder is achieved (as notified by the Administrative Agent to the Borrower) and the day that is 30 days following the Closing Date, if an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing and (2) thereafter, if an Event of Default under Section 7.01(a), (b), (h) or (i) has occurred and is continuing; provided further that if any such purported assignment is to a Competitor (other than any

 

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such assignment to the Lead Arranger (or any Affiliate of the Lead Arranger) for the purpose of facilitating bona fide trades of Term Loans to entities that are not Disqualified Lenders), the Borrower may unreasonably withhold its consent; and provided further that the Borrower shall have the right to withhold its consent to any assignment if in order for such assignment to comply with applicable law, the Borrower would be required to obtain the consent of, or make any filing or registration with, any Governmental Authority and (B) the Administrative Agent.  Notwithstanding anything in this Section 9.04 to the contrary, if the consent of the Borrower is required by this paragraph with respect to any assignment and the Borrower has not given the Administrative Agent written notice of its objection to such assignment within ten (10) days after written notice to the Borrower, the Borrower shall be deemed to have consented to such assignment.

 

(ii)           Assignments shall be subject to the following additional conditions: (A) except in the case of an assignment to a Lender, an Affiliate of a Lender or an Approved Fund or an assignment of the entire remaining amount of the assigning Lender’s Commitment or Loans of any Class, the amount of the Commitment or Loans of the assigning Lender subject to each such assignment (determined as of the trade date specified in the Assignment and Assumption with respect to such assignment or, if no trade date is so specified, as of the date the Assignment and Assumption with respect to such assignment is delivered to the Administrative Agent) shall not be less than $1,000,000 (and integral multiples thereof), unless the Borrower and the Administrative Agent otherwise consent (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed); provided that no such consent of the Borrower shall be required if an Event of Default under Section 7.01(a), (b), (h) or (i) has occurred and is continuing, (B) each partial assignment shall be made as an assignment of a proportionate part of all the assigning Lender’s rights and obligations under this Agreement; provided that this clause (B) shall not be construed to prohibit assignment of a proportionate part of all the assigning Lender’s rights and obligations in respect of one Class of Commitments or Loans, (C) the parties to each assignment shall execute and deliver to the Administrative Agent an Assignment and Assumption via an electronic settlement system acceptable to the Administrative Agent or, if previously agreed by the Administrative Agent, manually, in each case together (unless waived by the Administrative Agent) with a processing and recordation fee of $3,500; provided that the Administrative Agent, in its sole discretion, may elect to waive such processing and recordation fee; provided further that assignments made pursuant to Section 2.17(b) or Section 9.02(c) shall not require the signature of the assigning Lender to become effective and (D) the assignee, if it shall not be a Lender, shall deliver to the Administrative Agent any tax forms required by Section 2.15(e) and an Administrative Questionnaire in which the assignee designates one or more credit contacts to whom all syndicate-level information (which may contain material non-public information about the Borrower, the Loan Parties and their Related Parties or their respective securities) will be made available and who may receive such information in accordance with the assignee’s compliance procedures and applicable laws, including Federal and state securities laws.

 

(iii)          Subject to acceptance and recording thereof pursuant to paragraph (b)(v) of this Section, from and after the effective date specified in

 

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each Assignment and Assumption, the assignee thereunder shall be a party hereto and, to the extent of the interest assigned by such Assignment and Assumption, have the rights and obligations of a Lender under this Agreement, and the assigning Lender thereunder shall, to the extent of the interest assigned by such Assignment and Assumption, be released from its obligations under this Agreement (and, in the case of an Assignment and Assumption covering all of the assigning Lender’s rights and obligations under this Agreement, such Lender shall cease to be a party hereto but shall continue to be entitled to the benefits of (and subject to the obligations and limitations of) Sections 2.13, 2.14, 2.15 and 9.03 and to any fees payable hereunder that have accrued for such Lender’s account but have not yet been paid).  Any assignment or transfer by a Lender of rights or obligations under this Agreement that does not comply with this Section 9.04 shall be treated for purposes of this Agreement as a sale by such Lender of a participation in such rights and obligations in accordance with paragraph (c)(i) of this Section.

 

(iv)          The Administrative Agent, acting for this purpose as an agent of the Borrower, shall maintain at one of its offices a copy of each Assignment and Assumption delivered to it and a register for the recordation of the names and addresses of the Lenders, and the Commitment of, and principal and interest amounts of the Loans owing to, each Lender pursuant to the terms hereof from time to time (the “Register”).  The entries in the Register shall be conclusive absent manifest error, and Holdings, the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and the Lenders shall treat each Person whose name is recorded in the Register pursuant to the terms hereof as a Lender hereunder for all purposes of this Agreement, notwithstanding notice to the contrary.  The Register shall be available for inspection by the Borrower and any Lender, at any reasonable time and from time to time upon reasonable prior notice.

 

(v)           Upon its receipt of a duly completed Assignment and Assumption executed by an assigning Lender and an assignee, the assignee’s completed Administrative Questionnaire and any tax forms required by Section 2.15(e) (unless the assignee shall already be a Lender hereunder), the processing and recordation fee referred to in paragraph (b) of this Section 9.04 and any written consent to such assignment required by paragraph (b) of this Section 9.04, the Administrative Agent shall accept such Assignment and Assumption and record the information contained therein in the Register.  No assignment shall be effective for purposes of this Agreement unless it has been recorded in the Register as provided in this paragraph.

 

(vi)          The words “execution,” “signed,” “signature” and words of like import in any Assignment and Assumption shall be deemed to include electronic signatures or the keeping of records in electronic form, each of which shall be of the same legal effect, validity or enforceability as a manually executed signature or the use of a paper-based recordkeeping system, as the case may be, to the extent and as provided for in any applicable law, including the Federal Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, the New York State Electronic Signatures and Records Act or any other similar state laws based on the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act.

 

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(c)        (i) Any Lender may, without the consent of the Borrower or the Administrative Agent, sell participations to one or more banks or other Persons other than a natural person, any VV Holder, any Affiliate of Vincent Viola (including any trust established for the benefit of his spouse or children) a Disqualified Lender, Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower or any of the Borrower’s Subsidiaries (a “Participant”) in all or a portion of such Lender’s rights and obligations under this Agreement (including all or a portion of its Commitment and the Loans owing to it); provided that (A) such Lender’s obligations under this Agreement shall remain unchanged, (B) such Lender shall remain solely responsible to the other parties hereto for the performance of such obligations and (C) Holdings, the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and the other Lenders shall continue to deal solely and directly with such Lender in connection with such Lender’s rights and obligations under this Agreement.  Any agreement or instrument pursuant to which a Lender sells such a participation shall provide that such Lender shall retain the sole right to enforce this Agreement and any other Loan Documents and to approve any amendment, modification or waiver of any provision of this Agreement and any other Loan Documents; provided that such agreement or instrument may provide that such Lender will not, without the consent of the Participant, agree to any amendment, modification or waiver described in the first proviso to Section 9.02(b) that directly and adversely affects such Participant.  Subject to paragraph (c)(iii) of this Section, the Borrower agrees that each Participant shall be entitled to the benefits of Sections 2.13, 2.14 and 2.15 (subject to the obligations and limitations of such Sections, including Section 2.15(e)) to the same extent as if it were a Lender and had acquired its interest by assignment pursuant to paragraph (b) of this Section.  To the extent permitted by law, each Participant also shall be entitled to the benefits of Section 9.08 as though it were a Lender; provided that such Participant agrees to be subject to Section 2.16(c) as though it were a Lender.

 

(ii)           Each Lender that sells a participation shall, acting solely for this purpose as a non-fiduciary agent of the Borrower, maintain a register on which it enters the name and address of each Participant and the principal amounts (and related interest amounts) of each participant’s interest in the Loans or other obligations under this Agreement (the “Participant Register”).  The entries in the Participant Register shall be conclusive, absent manifest error, and such Lender shall treat each person whose name is recorded in the Participant Register as the owner of such participation for all purposes of this Agreement notwithstanding any notice to the contrary.

 

(iii)          A Participant shall not be entitled to receive any greater payment under Section 2.13 or Section 2.15 than the applicable Lender would have been entitled to receive with respect to the participation sold to such Participant, unless the sale of the participation to such Participant is made with the Borrower’s prior written consent.

 

(d)        Any Lender may, without the consent of the Borrower or the Administrative Agent, at any time pledge or assign a security interest in all or any portion of its rights under this Agreement to secure obligations of such Lender, including any pledge or assignment to secure obligations to a Federal Reserve Bank or other “central” bank, and this Section shall not apply to any such pledge or assignment of a security interest, provided that no such pledge or assignment of a security interest shall release a

 

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Lender from any of its obligations hereunder or substitute any such pledgee or assignee for such Lender as a party hereto.

 

(e)        Any Lender may, at any time, assign all or a portion of its rights and obligations under this Agreement (other than with respect to an Incremental Revolving Commitment or any loan thereunder) to the Sponsor or any of its Affiliates (other than Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower or any of their respective subsidiaries, any VV Holder, any Affiliate of Vincent Viola (including any trust established for the benefit of his spouse or children) or any natural person) subject to the following limitations:

 

(i)            Affiliated Lenders will not receive information provided solely to Lenders by the Administrative Agent or any Lender and will not be permitted to attend or participate in meetings attended solely by the Lenders and the Administrative Agent, other than the right to receive notices of Borrowings, notices of prepayments and other administrative notices in respect of its Loans or Commitments required to be delivered to Lenders pursuant to Article 2; provided, however, that the foregoing provisions of this clause (i) will apply to any Affiliated Debt Fund only to the extent that the Administrative Agent has determined in good faith that affording such rights to such Affiliate Debt Fund during a period or in connection with a matter or matters being considered by Lenders would be inadvisable in light of such Affiliated Debt Fund’s status as an Affiliated Lender (in which case the Administrative Agent will promptly notify such Affiliated Debt Funds that are Lenders of such determination);

 

(ii)           for purposes of any amendment, waiver or modification of any Loan Document (including such modifications pursuant to Section 9.02), or, subject to Section 9.02(d), any plan of reorganization pursuant to the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, that in either case does not require the consent of each Lender or each affected Lender or does not adversely affect such Affiliated Lender in any material respect as compared to other Lenders, Affiliated Lenders will be deemed to have voted in the same proportion as the Lenders that are not Affiliated Lenders voting on such matter; and each Affiliated Lender hereby acknowledges, agrees and consents that if, for any reason, its vote to accept or reject any plan pursuant to the U.S. Bankruptcy Code is not deemed to have been so voted, then such vote will be (x) deemed not to be in good faith and (y) “designated” pursuant to Section 1126(e) of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code such that the vote is not counted in determining whether the applicable class has accepted or rejected such plan in accordance with Section 1126(c) of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code; provided that Affiliated Debt Funds will not be subject to such voting limitations and will be entitled to vote as any other Lender; and

 

(iii)          the aggregate principal amount of Term Loans purchased by assignment pursuant to this Section 9.04 and held at any one time by Affiliated Lenders (other than Affiliated Debt Funds) may not exceed 20% of the principal amount of all Term Loans outstanding at the time of any such assignment plus the principal amount of all term loans outstanding at such time that were made pursuant to an Incremental Term Facility.

 

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(f)                                   Notwithstanding anything in Section 9.02 or the definition of “Required Lenders” to the contrary, for purposes of determining whether the Required Lenders have (i) consented (or not consented) to any amendment, modification, waiver, consent or other action with respect to any of the terms of any Loan Document or any departure by any Loan Party therefrom, (ii) otherwise acted on any matter related to any Loan Document, or (iii) directed or required the Administrative Agent or any Lender to undertake any action (or refrain from taking any action) with respect to or under any Loan Document:

 

(i)                                     all Term Loans held by any Affiliated Lenders that are not Affiliated Debt Funds shall be deemed to be not outstanding for all purposes of calculating whether the Required Lenders have taken any actions; and

 

(ii)                                  all Term Loans held by Affiliated Debt Funds may not account for more than 50% of the Term Loans of consenting Lenders included in determining whether the Required Lenders have consented to any action pursuant to Section 9.02.

 

Section 9.05.  Survival.  All covenants, agreements, representations and warranties made by the Loan Parties in the Loan Documents and in the certificates or other instruments delivered in connection with or pursuant to any Loan Document shall be considered to have been relied upon by the other parties hereto and shall survive the execution and delivery of the Loan Documents and the making of any Loans, regardless of any investigation made by any such other party or on its behalf and notwithstanding that the Administrative Agent or any Lender may have had notice or knowledge of any Default or incorrect representation or warranty at the time any credit is extended hereunder, and shall continue in full force and effect as long as the principal of or any accrued interest on any Loan or any fee or any other amount payable under this Agreement is outstanding and unpaid and so long as the Commitments have not expired or terminated.  The provisions of Sections 2.13, 2.14, 2.15, 9.03, 9.08 and Article 8 shall survive and remain in full force and effect regardless of the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, the repayment of the Loans or the termination of this Agreement or any provision hereof.

 

Section 9.06.  Counterparts; Integration; Effectiveness.  This Agreement may be executed in counterparts (and by different parties hereto on different counterparts), each of which shall constitute an original, but all of which when taken together shall constitute a single contract.  This Agreement, the other Loan Documents, the Existing Lenders Agreement and any separate letter agreements with respect to fees payable to the Administrative Agent or the syndication of the Loans and Commitments constitute the entire contract among the parties relating to the subject matter hereof and supersede any and all previous agreements and understandings, oral or written, relating to the subject matter hereof.  Except as provided in Section 4.01, this Agreement shall become effective when it shall have been executed by the Administrative Agent and when the Administrative Agent shall have received counterparts hereof that, when taken together, bear the signatures of each of the other parties hereto, and thereafter shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns.  Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page of this Agreement by

 

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facsimile or other electronic means shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this Agreement.

 

Section 9.07.  Severability.  Any provision of this Agreement held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability without affecting the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions hereof; and the invalidity of a particular provision in a particular jurisdiction shall not invalidate such provision in any other jurisdiction. The parties hereto shall endeavor in good faith negotiations to replace any invalid, illegal or unenforceable provisions with valid, legal and enforceable provisions the economic effect of which comes as close as reasonably possible to that of the invalid, illegal or unenforceable provisions.

 

Section 9.08.  Right of Setoff.  If an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, each Lender and each of their respective Affiliates is hereby authorized at any time and from time to time, to the fullest extent permitted by law, to set off and apply any and all deposits (general or special, time or demand, provisional or final, in whatever currency) at any time held and other obligations (in whatever currency) at any time owing by such Lender or any such Affiliate to or for the credit or the account of the Borrower against any of and all the obligations of the Borrower then due and owing under this Agreement held by such Lender, irrespective of whether or not such Lender shall have made any demand under this Agreement and although (i) such obligations may be contingent or unmatured and (ii) such obligations are owed to a branch or office of such Lender different from the branch or office holding such deposit or obligated on such Indebtedness.  The applicable Lender shall notify the Borrower and the Administrative Agent of such setoff and application; provided that any failure to give or any delay in giving such notice shall not affect the validity of any such setoff and application under this Section.  The rights of each Lender and its Affiliates under this Section are in addition to other rights and remedies (including other rights of setoff) that such Lender and its Affiliates may have.

 

Section 9.09.  Governing Law; Jurisdiction; Consent to Service of Process.

 

(a)                                 This Agreement shall be construed in accordance with and governed by the laws of the State of New York.

 

(b)                                 Each party hereto hereby irrevocably and unconditionally submits, for itself and its property, to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of the State of New York sitting in New York County and of the United States District Court of the Southern District of New York, and any appellate court from any thereof, in any action or proceeding arising out of or relating to any Loan Document, or for recognition or enforcement of any judgment, and each of the parties hereto hereby irrevocably and unconditionally agrees that all claims in respect of any such action or proceeding may be heard and determined in such New York State or, to the extent permitted by law, in such Federal court.  Each of the parties hereto agrees that a final judgment in any such action or proceeding shall be conclusive and may be enforced in other jurisdictions by suit on the judgment or in any other manner provided by law.  Nothing in any Loan Document shall affect any right that the Administrative Agent or any Lender may otherwise have to

 

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bring any action or proceeding relating to any Loan Document against Holdings or the Borrower or their respective properties in the courts of any jurisdiction.

 

(c)                                  Each party hereto hereby irrevocably and unconditionally waives, to the fullest extent it may legally and effectively do so, any objection that it may now or hereafter have to the laying of venue of any suit, action or proceeding arising out of or relating to any Loan Document in any court referred to in paragraph (b) of this Section.  Each of the parties hereto hereby irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the defense of an inconvenient forum to the maintenance of such action or proceeding in any such court.

 

(d)                                 Each party to this Agreement irrevocably consents to service of process in the manner provided for notices in Section 9.01.  Nothing in any Loan Document will affect the right of any party to this Agreement to serve process in any other manner permitted by law.

 

Section 9.10.  Waiver of Jury Trial.  EACH PARTY HERETO HEREBY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO ANY LOAN DOCUMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED THEREBY (WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT OR ANY OTHER THEORY).  EACH PARTY HERETO (A) CERTIFIES THAT NO REPRESENTATIVE, AGENT OR ATTORNEY OF ANY OTHER PARTY HAS REPRESENTED, EXPRESSLY OR OTHERWISE, THAT SUCH OTHER PARTY WOULD NOT, IN THE EVENT OF LITIGATION, SEEK TO ENFORCE THE FOREGOING WAIVER AND (B) ACKNOWLEDGES THAT IT AND THE OTHER PARTIES HERETO HAVE BEEN INDUCED TO ENTER INTO THIS AGREEMENT BY, AMONG OTHER THINGS, THE MUTUAL WAIVERS AND CERTIFICATIONS IN THIS SECTION.

 

Section 9.11.  Headings.  Article and Section headings and the Table of Contents used herein are for convenience of reference only, are not part of this Agreement and shall not affect the construction of, or be taken into consideration in interpreting, this Agreement.

 

Section 9.12.  Confidentiality.

 

(a)                                 Each of the Administrative Agent and the Lenders agrees to maintain the confidentiality of the Information (as defined below), except that Information may be disclosed (i) to its and its Affiliates’ directors, officers, employees, trustees and agents, including accountants, legal counsel and other agents and advisors and numbering, administration and settlement service providers (it being understood that the Persons to whom such disclosure is made will be informed of the confidential nature of such Information and instructed to keep such Information confidential and any failure of such Persons acting on behalf of the Administrative Agent or the relevant Lender to comply with this Section 9.12 shall constitute a breach of this Section 9.12 by the Administrative Agent or the relevant Lender, as applicable), (ii) to the extent requested by any regulatory authority or self-regulatory authority, required by applicable law or by any subpoena or similar legal process; provided that solely to the extent permitted by law and other than in

 

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connection with routine audits and reviews by regulatory and self-regulatory authorities, each Lender and the Administrative Agent shall notify the Borrower as promptly as practicable of any such requested or required disclosure in connection with any legal or regulatory proceeding; provided further that in no event shall any Lender or the Administrative Agent be obligated or required to return any materials furnished by the Borrower or any Subsidiary of Holdings, (iii) to any other party to this Agreement, (iv) in connection with the exercise of any remedies hereunder or any suit, action or proceeding relating to this Agreement or the enforcement of rights hereunder, (v) subject to an agreement containing confidentiality undertakings substantially similar to those of this Section, to (A) any assignee of or Participant in, or any prospective assignee of or Participant in, any of its rights or obligations under this Agreement, (B) any actual or prospective counterparty (or its advisors) to any Swap Agreement or derivative transaction relating to any Loan Party or its Subsidiaries and its obligations under the Loan Documents or (C) any pledgee referred to in Section 9.04(d), (vi) if required by any rating agency; provided that prior to any such disclosure, such rating agency shall have agreed in writing to maintain the confidentiality of such Information or (vii) to the extent such Information (x) becomes publicly available other than as a result of a breach of this Section or (y) becomes available to the Administrative Agent, any Lender or any of their respective Affiliates on a nonconfidential basis from a source other than Holdings or the Borrower.  In addition, the Administrative Agent and the Lead Arranger may disclose the existence of this Agreement and information about this Agreement (other than any Information) to market data collectors and similar services providers to the lending industry to the extent reasonably required by such market data collectors or service providers to enable such party to receive league table credit for such party’s role in connection with this Agreement and the Transactions. For the purposes hereof, “Information” means all information received from Holdings or the Borrower relating to Holdings, the Borrower, any other Subsidiary or their business, other than any such information that is available to the Administrative Agent or any Lender on a nonconfidential basis prior to disclosure by Holdings, the Borrower or any Subsidiary; provided that, in the case of information received from Holdings, the Borrower or any Subsidiary after the date hereof, such information is clearly identified at the time of delivery as confidential.  Any Person required to maintain the confidentiality of Information as provided in this Section shall be considered to have complied with its obligation to do so if such Person has exercised the same degree of care to maintain the confidentiality of such Information as such Person would accord to its own confidential information.

 

(b)                                 EACH LENDER ACKNOWLEDGES THAT INFORMATION AS DEFINED IN SECTION 9.12(a) FURNISHED TO IT PURSUANT TO THIS AGREEMENT MAY INCLUDE MATERIAL NON-PUBLIC INFORMATION CONCERNING HOLDINGS, THE BORROWER, THE LOAN PARTIES AND THEIR RELATED PARTIES OR THEIR RESPECTIVE SECURITIES AND CONFIRMS THAT IT HAS DEVELOPED COMPLIANCE PROCEDURES REGARDING THE USE OF MATERIAL NON-PUBLIC INFORMATION AND THAT IT WILL HANDLE SUCH MATERIAL NON-PUBLIC INFORMATION IN ACCORDANCE WITH THOSE PROCEDURES AND APPLICABLE LAW, INCLUDING FEDERAL AND STATE SECURITIES LAWS.

 

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(c)                                  ALL INFORMATION, INCLUDING REQUESTS FOR WAIVERS AND AMENDMENTS FURNISHED BY THE BORROWER OR THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT PURSUANT TO, OR IN THE COURSE OF ADMINISTERING, THIS AGREEMENT, WILL BE SYNDICATE-LEVEL INFORMATION, WHICH MAY CONTAIN MATERIAL NON-PUBLIC INFORMATION ABOUT HOLDINGS, THE BORROWER, THE LOAN PARTIES AND THEIR RELATED PARTIES OR THEIR RESPECTIVE SECURITIES.  ACCORDINGLY, EACH LENDER REPRESENTS TO THE BORROWER AND THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT THAT IT HAS IDENTIFIED IN ITS ADMINISTRATIVE QUESTIONNAIRE A CREDIT CONTACT WHO MAY RECEIVE INFORMATION THAT MAY CONTAIN MATERIAL NON-PUBLIC INFORMATION IN ACCORDANCE WITH ITS COMPLIANCE PROCEDURES AND APPLICABLE LAW, INCLUDING FEDERAL AND STATE SECURITIES LAWS.

 

Section 9.13.  USA Patriot Act.  Each Lender that is subject to the USA Patriot Act and the Administrative Agent (for itself and not on behalf of any Lender) hereby notifies the Borrower that pursuant to the requirements of the USA Patriot Act, it is required to obtain, verify and record information that identifies each Loan Party, which information includes the name and address of each Loan Party and other information that will allow such Lender or the Administrative Agent, as applicable, to identify each Loan Party in accordance with the USA Patriot Act.

 

Section 9.14.  Release of Liens and Guarantees.

 

(a)                                 A Subsidiary Loan Party shall automatically be released from its obligations under the Loan Documents, and all security interests created by the Security Documents in Collateral owned by such Subsidiary Loan Party shall be automatically released, (1) upon the consummation of any transaction permitted by this Agreement as a result of which such Subsidiary Loan Party ceases to be a Restricted Subsidiary (including pursuant to a merger with a Subsidiary that is not a Loan Party or designation as an Unrestricted Subsidiary), (2) upon the request of the Borrower in connection with a transaction permitted under Section 6.14(a), as a result of which such Subsidiary Loan Party ceases to be a Wholly Owned Subsidiary or (3) upon the request of the Borrower, if permitted pursuant to Section 6.14(b).  Upon any sale or other transfer by any Loan Party (other than to Holdings, the Borrower or any Subsidiary Loan Party) of any Collateral in a transaction permitted under this Agreement, or upon the effectiveness of any written consent to the release of the security interest created under any Security Document in any Collateral or the release of Holdings or any Subsidiary Loan Party from its Guarantee under the Guarantee Agreement pursuant to Section 9.02, the security interests in such Collateral created by the Security Documents or such guarantee shall be automatically released.  Upon termination of the aggregate Commitments and payment in full of all Secured Obligations (other than contingent indemnification obligations), all obligations under the Loan Documents and all security interests created by the Security Documents shall be automatically released.  In connection with any termination or release pursuant to this Section, the Administrative Agent shall execute and deliver to any Loan Party, at such Loan Party’s expense, all documents that such Loan Party shall reasonably request to evidence such termination or release so long as the Borrower or applicable Loan Party shall have provided the Administrative Agent such certifications or documents as the

 

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Administrative Agent shall reasonably request in order to demonstrate compliance with this Agreement.

 

(b)                                 The Administrative Agent will, at the Borrower’s expense, execute and deliver to the applicable Loan Party such documents as such Loan Party may reasonably request to subordinate its Lien on any property granted to or held by the Administrative Agent under any Loan Document to the holder of any Lien on such property that is permitted by Section 6.02(iv).

 

(c)                                  Each of the Lenders irrevocably authorizes the Administrative Agent to provide any release or evidence of release, termination or subordination contemplated by this Section 9.14.  Upon request by the Administrative Agent at any time, the Required Lenders will confirm in writing the Administrative Agent’s authority to release or subordinate its interest in particular types or items of property, or to release any Loan Party from its obligations under any Loan Document, in each case in accordance with the terms of the Loan Document and this Section 9.14.

 

Section 9.15.  No Advisory or Fiduciary Responsibility.  In connection with all aspects of each transaction contemplated hereby (including in connection with any amendment, waiver or other modification hereof or of any other Loan Document), each of the Borrower and Holdings acknowledges and agrees that (i) (A) the arranging and other services regarding this Agreement provided by the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the Lead Arranger are arm’s-length commercial transactions between the Borrower, Holdings and their respective Affiliates, on the one hand, and the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the Lead Arranger, on the other hand, (B) each of the Borrower and Holdings has consulted its own legal, accounting, regulatory and tax advisors to the extent it has deemed appropriate, and (C) each of the Borrower and Holdings is capable of evaluating, and understands and accepts, the terms, risks and conditions of the transactions contemplated hereby and by the other Loan Documents; (ii) (A) each of the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the Lead Arranger is and has been acting solely as a principal and, except as expressly agreed in writing by the relevant parties, has not been, is not and will not be acting as an advisor, agent or fiduciary for the Borrower, Holdings, any of their respective Affiliates or any other Person and (B) none of the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the Lead Arranger has any obligation to the Borrower, Holdings or any of their respective Affiliates with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby except those obligations expressly set forth herein and in the other Loan Documents; and (iii) the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the Lead Arranger and their respective Affiliates may be engaged in a broad range of transactions that involve interests that differ from those of the Borrower, Holdings and their respective Affiliates, and none of the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the Lead Arranger has any obligation to disclose any of such interests to the Borrower, Holdings or any of their respective Affiliates.  To the fullest extent permitted by law, each of the Borrower and Holdings hereby waives and releases any claims that it may have against the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the Lead Arranger with respect to any breach or alleged breach of agency or fiduciary duty in connection with any aspect of any transaction contemplated hereby.

 

Section 9.16.  Interest Rate Limitation.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in any Loan Document, the interest paid or agreed to be paid under the

 

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Loan Documents shall not exceed the maximum rate of non-usurious interest permitted by applicable law (the “Maximum Rate”).  If the Administrative Agent or any Lender shall receive interest in an amount that exceeds the Maximum Rate, the excess interest shall be applied to the principal of the Loans or, if it exceeds such unpaid principal, refunded to the Borrower.  In determining whether the interest contracted for, charged or received by the Administrative Agent or a Lender exceeds the Maximum Rate, such Person may, to the extent permitted by applicable law, (a) characterize any payment that is not principal as an expense, fee or premium rather than interest, (b) exclude voluntary prepayments and the effects thereof, and (c) amortize, prorate, allocate and spread in equal or unequal parts the total amount of interest throughout the contemplated term of the obligations hereunder.

 

Section 9.17.  Lender Action.  Each Lender agrees that it shall not take or institute any actions or proceedings, judicial or otherwise, for any right or remedy against any Loan Party or any other obligor under any of the Loan Documents (including the exercise of any right of setoff, rights on account of any banker’s lien or similar claim or other rights of self-help), or institute any actions or proceedings, or otherwise commence any remedial procedures, with respect to any Collateral or any other property of any such Loan Party, unless expressly provided for herein or in any other Loan Document, without the prior written consent of the Administrative Agent.  The provisions of this Section 9.17 are for the sole benefit of the Lenders and shall not afford any right to, or constitute a defense available to, any Loan Party.

 

Section 9.18.  Marshalling; Payments Set Aside.  Neither the Administrative Agent nor any Lender shall be under any obligation to marshal any assets in favor of any Loan Party or any other Person or against or in payment of any or all of the Secured Obligations. To the extent that any Loan Party makes a payment or payments to the Administrative Agent or Lenders (or to the Administrative Agent, on behalf of Lenders), or the Administrative Agent or Lenders enforce any security interests or exercise their rights of setoff, and such payment or payments or the proceeds of such enforcement or setoff or any part thereof are subsequently invalidated, declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside and/or required to be repaid to a trustee, receiver or any other party under any bankruptcy law, any other state or federal law, common law or any equitable cause, then, to the extent of such recovery, the obligation or part thereof originally intended to be satisfied, and all Liens, rights and remedies therefor or related thereto, shall be revived and continued in full force and effect as if such payment or payments had not been made or such enforcement or setoff had not occurred.

 

Section 9.19.  Margin Stock; Collateral.  Each of the Lenders represents to the Administrative Agent and each of the other Lenders that it in good faith is not relying upon any margin stock (within the meaning of Regulation U of the Board of Governors) as collateral in the extension or maintenance of the credit provided in this Agreement.

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized officers as of the day and year first above written.

 

 

VFH PARENT LLC

 

 

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Douglas A. Cifu

 

 

Name: Douglas A. Cifu

 

 

Title:    President and Chief Operating Officer

 

 

 

 

 

VIRTU FINANCIAL LLC

 

 

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Douglas A. Cifu

 

 

Name: Douglas A. Cifu

 

 

Title:    President and Chief Operating Officer

 



 

 

CREDIT SUISSE AG, CAYMAN ISLANDS BRANCH, as a Lender and as Administrative Agent,

 

 

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Doreen Barr

 

 

Name: Doreen Barr

 

 

Title:    Authorized Signatory

 

 

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Alex Verdone

 

 

Name: Alex Verdone

 

 

Title:    Authorized Signatory

 


 

Schedule 1.01

 

Part A

 

Disqualified Lenders

 

1.              All Options International Holding B.V.

 

2.              Allston Trading, LLC

 

3.              AQR Capital Management, LLC

 

4.              Athena Capital Research LLC

 

5.              Automat

 

6.              Blue Fire Capital, LLC

 

7.              Breakwater Capital LLC

 

8.              Buttonwood Group Trading LLC

 

9.              Chopper Trading LLC

 

10.       Citadel LLC

 

11.       CTC Holdings, L.P.

 

12.       D. E. Shaw & Co., L.P.

 

13.       DRW Holdings, LLC

 

14.       Final

 

15.       Flow Traders Holding B.V

 

16.       Gelber Group, LLC.

 

17.       Hard Eight Futures LLC

 

18.       Headlands Capital Management LLC

 

19.       Hudson River Trading LLC

 

20.       IMC Asset Management B.V.

 

21.       Infinium Capital Management LLC

 

22.       Interactive Brokers Group, Inc.

 

23.       International Algorithmic Trading GmbH

 



 

24.       Jane Street Capital, L.L.C.

 

25.       Jump Trading, LLC

 

26.       KCG Holdings, Inc.

 

27.       Millennium Management LLC

 

28.       Optiver Holding BV

 

29.       PEAK6 Investments, L.P.

 

30.       Quantlab Financial, LLC

 

31.       Renaissance Technologies Corp

 

32.       RGM Advisors, LLC

 

33.       Ronin Capital, LLC

 

34.       RSJ a.s.

 

35.       S.A.C. Capital Advisors, LP

 

36.       Simplex Investments

 

37.       Sun Trading LLC

 

38.       Susquehanna International Group, LLP

 

39.       Teza Technologies LLC

 

40.       Tibra Trading

 

41.       Timber Hill

 

42.       Tower Research Capital LLC

 

43.       Tradebot Systems, Inc.

 

44.       Tradeworx

 

45.       Trading Machines LLC

 

46.       TransMarket Group, LLC

 

47.       Two Sigma Investments, LLC

 

48.       Wolverine Holdings, LP

 



 

49.       Xambala

 

50.       Zomojo Pty Ltd.

 



 

Schedule 1.01

 

Part B

 

Potential Competitors

 

1.              Barclays Capital Inc.

 

2.              Credit Suisse Capital LLC

 

3.              Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC

 

4.              Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.

 

5.              Goldman Sachs Execution and Clearing, L.P.

 

6.              Goldman, Sachs & Co.

 

7.              J.P. Morgan Clearing Corp.

 

8.              J.P. Morgan Securities LLC

 

9.              Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated

 

10.       Merrill Lynch Professional Clearing Corp

 

11.       Morgan Stanley & Co., Incorporated

 

12.       Morgan Stanley Smith Barney Holdings LLC

 

13.       UBS Financial Services Inc.

 

14.       UBS Securities LLC

 



 

Schedule 2.01

 

Commitments

 

Lender

 

Term Loan Commitments

 

 

 

 

 

Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch

 

$

510,000,000.00

 

 

 

 

 

TOTAL

 

$

510,000,000.00

 

 



 

Schedule 3.12

 

Subsidiaries

 

Owner

 

Subsidiary

 

Ownership
Interest

 

Virtu Financial LLC

 

VFH Parent LLC

 

100

%

VFH Parent LLC

 

Virtu Financial Operating LLC

 

100

%

VFH Parent LLC

 

Virtu-MTH Holdings LLC

 

100

%

Virtu Financial Operating LLC

 

Virtu Financial Ireland Holdings Limited

 

100

%

Virtu Financial Operating LLC

 

Virtu Financial Global Markets LLC

 

100

%

Virtu Financial Operating LLC

 

Virtu Execution Services LLC

 

100

%

Virtu Financial Operating LLC

 

Virtu Financial BD LLC

 

100

%

Virtu Financial Operating LLC

 

Virtu Technologies LLC

 

100

%

Virtu Financial Ireland Holdings Limited

 

Virtu Financial Ireland, Ltd.

 

100

%

Virtu Financial F/X LLC

 

Virtu Financial Canada ULC

 

10

%

Virtu Financial Energy and Commodities LLC

 

Virtu Financial Canada ULC

 

90

%

Virtu Financial Europe Limited

 

Virtu Financial Global Services Singapore Pte Ltd

 

100

%

Virtu Financial Global Services Singapore Pte Ltd

 

Virtu Financial Singapore Pte Ltd

 

100

%

Virtu-MTH Holdings LLC

 

Virtu Financial Execution Services LLC

 

100

%

Virtu-MTH Holdings LLC

 

VF Support Services Limited

 

100

%

Virtu-MTH Holdings LLC

 

Virtu Financial Global Services LLC

 

100

%

Virtu-MTH Holdings LLC

 

EWT Asia Pte Ltd

 

100

%

Virtu-MTH Holdings LLC

 

Blueline Comm LLC

 

100

%

Virtu-MTH Holdings LLC

 

Virtu Financial Services LLC

 

100

%

Virtu-MTH Holdings LLC

 

Virtu Financial Asia Pty Ltd.

 

100

%

Virtu-MTH Holdings LLC

 

Virtu Financial Capital Markets LLC

 

100

%

Virtu-MTH Holdings LLC

 

Virtu Financial F/X LLC

 

100

%

Virtu-MTH Holdings LLC

 

Virtu Financial Energy and Commodities LLC

 

100

%

Virtu-MTH Holdings LLC

 

Virtu Financial Europe Limited

 

100

%

 



 

Schedule 3.18(a)

 

Regulatory Status and Memberships Held

 

1.              On June 6, 2011, Virtu Execution Services LLC elected to deregister as a broker dealer under the Exchange Act.

 


 

Schedule 3.18(b)

 

Regulatory Status and Memberships Held

 

Entity

 

Regulatory Status or Membership

Virtu Financial BD LLC

 

National Securities Clearing Corporation

Virtu Financial BD LLC

 

Options Clearing Corporation

Virtu Financial BD LLC

 

NASDAQ OMX

Virtu Financial BD LLC

 

NASDAQ OMX PHLX

Virtu Financial BD LLC

 

NYSE

Virtu Financial BD LLC

 

NYSE Euronext

Virtu Financial BD LLC

 

NYSE AMEX

Virtu Financial BD LLC

 

NYSE ARCA

Virtu Financial BD LLC

 

BATS

Virtu Financial BD LLC

 

NASDAQ OMX BX

Virtu Financial BD LLC

 

BATS BYX

Virtu Financial BD LLC

 

Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE)

Virtu Financial BD LLC

 

Chicago Stock Exchange

Virtu Financial BD LLC

 

Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME)

Virtu Financial BD LLC

 

Direct Edge — EDGA

Virtu Financial BD LLC

 

Direct Edge — EDGX

Virtu Financial BD LLC

 

ICE

Virtu Financial BD LLC

 

International Securities Exchange

Virtu Financial BD LLC

 

National Stock Exchange (NSX)

Virtu Financial Global Markets LLC

 

Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME)

Virtu Financial Global Markets LLC

 

NYMEX

Virtu Financial Global Markets LLC

 

NYSE Liffe

Virtu Financial Ireland Limited

 

Borsa Italiana

Virtu Financial Ireland Limited

 

Bolsa de Madrid

Virtu Financial Ireland Limited

 

BM&F

Virtu Financial Ireland Limited

 

CME

Virtu Financial Ireland Limited

 

LME

Virtu Financial Ireland Limited

 

ICE

Virtu Financial Ireland Limited

 

Deutsche Boerse

Virtu Financial Ireland Limited

 

Irish Stock Exchange

Virtu Financial Ireland Limited

 

NYSE Liffe

Virtu Financial Ireland Limited

 

Eurex

Virtu Financial Ireland Limited

 

London Stock Exchange

 



 

Virtu Financial Ireland Limited

 

NASDAQ OMX Europe

Virtu Financial Ireland Limited

 

Oslo Bors

Virtu Financial Ireland Limited

 

MEFF

Virtu Financial Ireland Limited

 

Vienna Stock Exchange

Virtu Financial Ireland Limited

 

NYSE Euronext (Amsterdam, Brussels, Lisbon, London, Paris)

Virtu Financial Ireland Limited

 

SIX Swiss Exchange

Virtu Financial Asia Pty Ltd.

 

Australian Securities Exchange

Virtu Financial Singapore Pte. Ltd.

 

Singapore Exchange

Virtu Financial Singapore Pte. Ltd.

 

Singapore Mercantile Exchange

Virtu Financial Europe Limited

 

Borsa Italiana

Virtu Financial Europe Limited

 

Deutsche Boerse - XETRA

Virtu Financial Europe Limited

 

Equiduct (Boerse Berlin)

Virtu Financial Europe Limited

 

NYSE Euronext (Amsterdam, Brussels, Lisbon, Paris)

Virtu Financial Europe Limited

 

Irish Stock Exchange

Virtu Financial Europe Limited

 

London Stock Exchange

Virtu Financial Europe Limited

 

SIX Swiss Exchange

Virtu Financial Europe Limited

 

BATS Europe

Virtu Financial Europe Limited

 

CHI-X Europe

Virtu Financial Europe Limited

 

NYSE ARCA Europe

Virtu Financial Europe Limited

 

Quote MTF

Virtu Financial Europe Limited

 

Smartpool

Virtu Financial Europe Limited

 

SIGMA X

Virtu Financial Europe Limited

 

TOM MTF

Virtu Financial Europe Limited

 

Turquoise

Virtu Financial Europe Limited

 

Xetra International Market

Virtu Financial Europe Limited

 

EDX London

Virtu Financial Europe Limited

 

Eurex

Virtu Financial Europe Limited

 

MEFF

Virtu Financial Europe Limited

 

NASDAQ OMX — Nordic Derivatives

Virtu Financial Europe Limited

 

NYSE Liffe (Amsterdam, Brussels, Lisbon, London, Paris)

Virtu Financial Capital Markets LLC

 

Registered broker-dealer in CA and NY

Virtu Financial Capital Markets LLC

 

NYSE Amex Equities

Virtu Financial Capital Markets LLC

 

NYSE ARCA

Virtu Financial Capital Markets LLC

 

BATS-Z (US)

Virtu Financial Capital Markets LLC

 

BATS-Y (US)

Virtu Financial Capital Markets LLC

 

NASDAQ OMX BX

Virtu Financial Capital Markets LLC

 

Chicago Board of Options Exchange (US Options)

Virtu Financial Capital Markets LLC

 

C2 Options Exchange, Incorporated

Virtu Financial Capital Markets LLC

 

Chicago Stock Exchange

Virtu Financial Capital Markets LLC

 

Direct Edge A Exchange

Virtu Financial Capital Markets LLC

 

Direct Edge X Exchange

 



 

Virtu Financial Capital Markets LLC

 

International Securities Exchange (ISE)

Virtu Financial Capital Markets LLC

 

National Stock Exchange

Virtu Financial Capital Markets LLC

 

NYSE

Virtu Financial Capital Markets LLC

 

NASDAQ OMX PHLX

Virtu Financial Capital Markets LLC

 

Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation (DTCC)

Virtu Financial Capital Markets LLC

 

National Securities Clearing Corporation (NSCC)

Virtu Financial Capital Markets LLC

 

Options Clearing Corporation (OCC)

EWT Asia Pte. Ltd.

 

Tokyo Commodities Exchange (TOCOM)

 



 

Schedule 6.01

 

Existing Indebtedness

 

1.              Macquarie Master Agreement, dated September 5, 2008, by and between Macquarie Equipment Finance LLC and Virtu Financial Operating LLC (f/k/a Virtu Financial LLC), and any leases entered into in accordance therewith.

 

2.              Guaranty of Lease, dated as of April 18, 2008, by Pioneer Futures, Inc. in favor of 645 Madison L.L.C. with respect to the lease, dated April 18, 2008, by and between 645 Madison L.L.C. and Virtu Financial LLC for the 16th Floor, 645 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10010.

 

3.              Master Lease Agreement, dated April 6, 2012, by and between Dell Financial Services LLC and Virtu Financial Operating LLC, and any leases entered into in accordance therewith.

 

4.              Revolving Promissory Demand Note among Virtu Financial Operating LLC (f/k/a Virtu Financial LLC), as Creditor, and Virtu Financial Global Markets LLC, as Debtor, in the amount of $20,000,000.

 

5.              Revolving Promissory Demand Note among Virtu Financial Operating LLC (f/k/a Virtu Financial LLC), as Creditor, and Virtu Financial BD LLC, as Debtor, in the amount of $25,000,000.

 

6.              Revolving Promissory Demand Note among Virtu Financial Operating LLC (f/k/a Virtu Financial LLC) as Creditor, and Virtu Financial Capital Markets LLC, as Debtor, in the amount of $10,000,000.

 



 

Schedule 6.02

 

Existing Liens

 

1.              None

 



 

Schedule 6.04(e)

 

Existing Investments

 

1.              Schedule 3.12 is incorporated herein by reference.

 

2.              Virtu Financial Singapore Pte Ltd owns 520 common shares in SBI Japannext Co., Ltd., purchased for a total purchase price of JPY 41,600,000.

 

3.              EWT Asia Pte. Ltd. owns 12,400 common shares and 500 non-voting shares in Tokyo Commodities Exchange.

 



 

Schedule 6.05

 

Dispositions

 

1.              All furniture and fixtures located at 13-17 Dawson Street, Dublin 2 leased premises.

 

2.              All furniture and fixtures located at 1540 2nd Street, Third Floor, Santa Monica, CA 90401.

 

3.              All furniture and fixtures located at Level 3, 135 New South Head Road, Edgecliff, NSW 2027.

 

4.              All furniture and fixtures located at 9 South Street, London W1K 2XA.

 



 

Schedule 6.09

 

Existing Affiliate Transactions

 

1.              Michael Viola is employed at Virtu Financial LLC as of March 1, 2011 as a Trader. Michael Viola is the son of Vincent Viola and the beneficiary of a trust that indirectly owns equity interests of Virtu Financial LLC.

 

2.              Virtu Financial LLC leases from Vincent Viola one Chicago Board Options Exchange seat at a cost of $6,160 per month. This seat is necessary in order for Virtu Financial BD LLC to maintain membership at the Chicago Board Options Exchange.

 



 

Schedule 6.10

 

Existing Restrictions

 

1.              Section 3.18 is incorporated herein by reference.

 



 

Schedule 9.01

 

Notices

 

Borrower:
VFH Parent LLC

 

 

Attn:       Douglas A. Cifu

President and Chief Operating Officer
Tel: 212-418-0100
Fax: 212-418-0123
Email: DCifu@virtufinancial.com

 

 

With a copy to:

Jennifer Hobbs

Partner

Tel: (212) 455-3524
Fax: (212) 455-2502
Email: jhobbs@stblaw.com

 

 

Administrative Agent:

Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch

Eleven Madison Avenue

New York, NY 10010

 

 

Attn:       Sean Portrait

Agency Manager

Tel: 919-994-6369

Fax: 212-322-2291

Email: agency.loanops@credit-suisse.com

 


 

EXHIBIT A

 

Form of Assignment and Assumption

 

This Assignment and Assumption (this “Assignment and Assumption”) is dated as of the Effective Date set forth below and is entered into by and between the Assignor named below (the “Assignor”) and the Assignee named below (the “Assignee”).  It is understood and agreed that the rights and obligations of the Assignor and the Assignee hereunder are several and not joint. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Credit Agreement identified below (the “Credit Agreement”), receipt of a copy of which is hereby acknowledged by the Assignee.  The Standard Terms and Conditions set forth in Annex A attached hereto (the “Standard Terms and Conditions”) are hereby agreed to and incorporated herein by reference and made a part of this Assignment and Assumption as if set forth herein in full.

 

For an agreed consideration, the Assignor hereby irrevocably sells and assigns to the Assignee, and the Assignee hereby irrevocably purchases and assumes from the Assignor, subject to and in accordance with the Standard Terms and Conditions and the Credit Agreement, as of the Effective Date inserted by the Administrative Agent as contemplated below (but not prior to the registration of the information contained herein in the Register pursuant to Section 9.04(b)(v) of the Credit Agreement) (i) all of the Assignor’s rights and obligations as a Lender under the Credit Agreement and any other documents or instruments delivered pursuant thereto to the extent related to the amount and percentage interest identified below of all of such outstanding rights and obligations of the Assignor under the respective facilities identified below (including, without limitation, Guarantees included in such facilities) and (ii) to the extent permitted to be assigned under applicable law, all claims, suits, causes of action and any other right of the Assignor (in its capacity as a Lender) against any Person, whether known or unknown, arising under or in connection with the Credit Agreement, any other documents or instruments delivered pursuant thereto or the loan transactions governed thereby or in any way based on or related to any of the foregoing, including, but not limited to, contract claims, tort claims, malpractice claims, statutory claims and all other claims at law or in equity related to the rights and obligations sold and assigned pursuant to clause (i) above (the rights and obligations sold and assigned pursuant to clauses (i) and (ii) above being referred to herein collectively as, the “Assigned Interest”).  Such sale and assignment is without recourse to the Assignor and, except as expressly provided in this Assignment and Assumption, without representation or warranty by the Assignor.

 

1.

Assignor:

[Assignor Name]

 

 

 

2.

Assignee:

[Assignee Name]

 

 

[and is an Affiliate/Approved Fund/Affiliated Debt Fund of [Lender Name]]

 

 

 

3.

Borrower:

VFH Parent LLC

 

 

 

4.

Administrative Agent:

CREDIT SUISSE AG, CAYMAN ISLANDS BRANCH as the Administrative Agent under the Credit Agreement

 

 

 

5.

Credit Agreement

The Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of November 8, 2013 (as amended, restated, amended and restated, extended, supplemented or otherwise modified in

 



 

 

 

writing from time to time; the terms defined therein being used herein as therein defined), among VFH Parent LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, Virtu Financial LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, the lenders from time to time party thereto and Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, as Administrative Agent.

 

 

 

6.

Assigned Interest:

Facility Assigned

 

Aggregate amount of
Commitment/Loans for 
all Lenders

 

Amount of
Commitment/Loans
Assigned

 

 

 

(1)

$

 

$

 

 

 

 

$

 

$

 

 

 

 

$

 

$

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

7.

Effective Date:(2)

                        , 20

 

 

 

 

 


(1)                                 Fill in the appropriate terminology for the types of facilities under the Credit Agreement that are being assigned under this Assignment (e.g., “Term Commitment,” “Incremental Revolving Commitment,” “Term Loan,” “Incremental Revolving Loan,” etc.).

 

(2)                                 To be inserted by Administrative Agent and which shall be the effective date of recordation of transfer in the register therefor.

 

A-2



 

The terms set forth in this Assignment and Assumption are hereby agreed to:

 

 

ASSIGNOR:

 

 

 

[NAME OF ASSIGNOR]

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

 

 

ASSIGNEE:

 

 

 

[NAME OF ASSIGNEE]

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

[Consented to and](3) Accepted:

 

CREDIT SUISSE AG, CAYMAN ISLANDS BRANCH, as

 

Administrative Agent

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

[Consented to:](4)

 


(3)                                 To be added only if the consent of the Administrative Agent is required by the terms of the Credit Agreement.

 

 

(4)                                 To be added only if the consent of the Borrower is required by the terms of the Credit Agreement.

 



 

VFH PARENT LLC, as

 

Borrower

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 



 

ANNEX A

 

STANDARD TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR

ASSIGNMENT AND ASSUMPTION

 

1.                                      Representations and Warranties.

 

1.1                               Assignor.  The Assignor (a) represents and warrants that (i) it is the legal and beneficial owner of the Assigned Interest, (ii) the Assigned Interest is free and clear of any lien, encumbrance or other adverse claim and (iii) it has full power and authority, and has taken all action necessary, to execute and deliver this Assignment and Assumption and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby; and (b) assumes no responsibility with respect to (i) any statements, warranties or representations made in or in connection with the Credit Agreement or any other Loan Document, (ii) the execution, legality, validity, enforceability, genuineness, sufficiency or value of the Credit Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents or any collateral thereunder, (iii) the financial condition of the Borrower, any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates or any other Person obligated in respect of any Loan Document or (iv) the performance or observance by the Borrower, any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates or any other Person of any of their respective obligations under any Loan Document.

 

1.2                               Assignee.  The Assignee (a) represents and warrants that (i) it has full power and authority, and has taken all action necessary, to execute and deliver this Assignment and Assumption and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby and to become a Lender under the Credit Agreement, (ii) it meets all requirements of an Eligible Assignee under the Credit Agreement (subject to receipt of such consents as may be required under the Credit Agreement), (iii) from and after the Effective Date, it shall be bound by the provisions of the Credit Agreement as a Lender thereunder and, to the extent of the Assigned Interest, shall have the obligations of a Lender thereunder, (iv) it is sophisticated with respect to decisions to acquire assets of the type represented by the Assigned Interest and either it, or the Person exercising discretion in making its decision to acquire the Assigned Interest, is experienced in acquiring assets of such type, (v) it has received a copy of the Credit Agreement, together with copies of the most recent financial statements delivered pursuant to Section 5.01(a) or (b) thereof, as applicable, and such other documents and information as it has deemed appropriate to make its own credit analysis and decision to enter into this Assignment and Assumption and to purchase the Assigned Interest on the basis of which it has made such analysis and decision independently and without reliance on the Administrative Agent or any other Lender, and (vi) if it is a Lender that is not a United States person, attached hereto is any documentation required to be delivered by it pursuant to the terms of the Credit Agreement, duly completed and executed by the Assignee; and (b) agrees that (i) it will, independently and without reliance on the Administrative Agent, the Assignor or any other Lender, and based on such documents and information as it shall deem appropriate at the time, continue to make its own credit decisions in taking or not taking action under the Loan Documents, and (ii) it will perform in accordance with their terms all of the obligations which by the terms of the Loan Documents are required to be performed by it as a Lender.

 

2.                                      Payments.  From and after the Effective Date referred to in this Assignment and Assumption, the Administrative Agent shall make all payments in respect of the Assigned Interest (including payments of principal, interest, fees and other amounts) to the Assignor for amounts which have accrued to but excluding the Effective Date and to the Assignee for amounts which have accrued from and after the Effective Date.

 



 

3.                                      General Provisions.  This Assignment and Assumption shall be binding upon, and inure to the benefit of, the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns.  This Assignment and Assumption may be executed in any number of counterparts, which together shall constitute one instrument.  Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page of this Assignment and Assumption by facsimile or electronic transmission shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this Assignment and Assumption.  This Assignment and Assumption shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the law of the State of New York.

 


 

EXHIBIT B

 

REAFFIRMATION AGREEMENT

 

REAFFIRMATION AGREEMENT dated as of November 8, 2013 (as amended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, this “Reaffirmation Agreement”), among VIRTU FINANCIAL LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Holdings”), VFH PARENT LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Borrower”), the subsidiaries identified on the signature pages hereto (together with Holdings and the Borrower, the “Reaffirming Parties”) and CREDIT SUISSE AG, CAYMAN ISLANDS BRANCH, as administrative agent and collateral agent under the Credit Agreement referred to below (in such capacity, including any successor thereto, the “Administrative Agent”). Terms defined in the Credit Agreement and not otherwise defined herein have, as used herein, the respective meanings provided for therein.

 

WHEREAS, Holdings, the Borrower, the lenders party thereto and Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, as administrative agent and collateral agent, are parties to a certain Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of February 5, 2013 (the “Existing Credit Agreement”);

 

WHEREAS, Holdings, the Borrower, the Lenders party thereto and the Administrative Agent have entered into the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of the date hereof (as amended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”), which agreement amends and restates the Existing Credit Agreement in its entirety;

 

WHEREAS, each of the Reaffirming Parties is a party to one or more of the Loan Documents;

 

WHEREAS, each of the Lenders has agreed to extend credit to the Borrower subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Credit Agreement and the obligations of each of the Lenders to extend such credit are conditioned upon, among other things, the execution and delivery of this Reaffirmation Agreement; and

 

WHEREAS, each of the Loan Parties (other than the Borrower) is an Affiliate of the Borrower, will derive substantial benefits from the extension of such credit to the Borrower and is willing to execute and deliver this Reaffirmation Agreement in order to induce the Lenders to extend such credit.

 

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows:

 

ARTICLE I

 

Reaffirmation

 

SECTION 1.01.  Reaffirmation.

 

(a)           Each of the Reaffirming Parties (i) hereby acknowledges receipt of a copy of the Credit Agreement and consents to the Credit Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby, including the Transactions, (ii) without limiting its obligations under, or the provisions of, the Guarantee Agreement, hereby confirms its respective guarantees, as applicable, under the Guarantee Agreement, (iii) without limiting its obligations under, or the provisions of, the Collateral Agreement, hereby confirms its respective assignments, pledges and grants of security interests, as applicable, under the Collateral

 



 

Agreement and each of the other Loan Documents to which it is party, (iv) without limiting its obligations under, or the provisions of, any Loan Document, hereby confirms that the obligations of the Borrower under the Credit Agreement are entitled to the benefits of the guarantees and the security interests set forth or created in the Guarantee Agreement, the Collateral Agreement and the other Loan Documents and constitute “Obligations”, “Loan Document Obligations”, “Secured Obligations” or other similar term for purposes thereof, (v) hereby agrees that, notwithstanding the effectiveness of the Credit Agreement and the Transactions, such guarantees, and pledges and grants of security interests, as applicable, shall continue to be in full force and effect and shall continue to inure to the benefit of the Lenders and the other Secured Parties and (vi) hereby ratifies and confirms that all Liens granted, conveyed, or assigned to the Administrative Agent by such Person pursuant to any Loan Document to which it is a party remain in full force and effect, are not released or reduced, and continue to secure full payment and performance of the obligations under the Credit Agreement (such consents, confirmations and agreements, collectively, the “Reaffirmation”).

 

(b)           Each of the Reaffirming Parties further agrees to take any action that may be required or that is requested by the Administrative Agent to ensure compliance by Holdings or the Borrower with the provisions of Section 5.12 of the Credit Agreement and hereby reaffirms its obligations under each similar provision of each Loan Document to which it is a party.

 

SECTION 1.02.  Credit Agreement.  As of the Closing Date, unless the context expressly requires otherwise, each reference to the Existing Credit Agreement (as defined in the Existing Credit Agreement) or the Existing Credit Agreement (and any terms defined in the Existing Credit Agreement) in any other Loan Documents shall be deemed a reference to the Credit Agreement (or such defined terms in the Credit Agreement, as applicable).

 

ARTICLE II

 

Representations and Warranties

 

Each Reaffirming Party hereby represents and warrants to the Administrative Agent and each of the Lenders:

 

SECTION 2.01.  Authority; Enforceability.  This Reaffirmation Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by it and constitutes its legal, valid and binding obligation, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other laws affecting creditors’ rights generally and subject to general principles of equity, regardless of whether considered in a proceeding in equity or at law.

 

SECTION 2.02.  Loan Documents.  The representations and warranties made by it and set forth in the other Loan Documents that are qualified by materiality are true and correct, and the representations and warranties that are not so qualified are true and correct in all material respects, in each case on and as of the date hereof (other than with respect to any representation and warranty that expressly relates to an earlier date, in which case such representation and warranty is true and correct in all material respects as of such earlier date).

 

B-2



 

ARTICLE III

 

Miscellaneous

 

SECTION 3.01.  Notices.  All communications and notices hereunder shall be in writing and given as provided in Section 9.01 of the Credit Agreement.  All communications and notices hereunder to any Reaffirming Party shall be given to it in care of Holdings as provided in Section 9.01 of the Credit Agreement.

 

SECTION 3.02.  Loan Document.  This Reaffirmation Agreement is a Loan Document executed pursuant to Section 4.01(g) of the Credit Agreement and shall (unless otherwise expressly indicated herein) be construed, administered and applied in accordance with the terms and provisions thereof.

 

SECTION 3.03.  Effectiveness; Counterparts.  This Reaffirmation Agreement may be executed in counterparts (and by different parties hereto on different counterparts), each of which shall constitute an original, but all of which when taken together shall constitute a single agreement.  This Agreement, together with the other Loan Documents, constitutes the entire agreement among the parties relating to the Reaffirmation and supersedes any and all previous agreements and understandings, oral or written, relating to the Reaffirmation.  This Agreement shall become effective on the Closing Date when a counterpart hereof executed on behalf of each Reaffirming Party as of the Closing Date shall have been delivered to the Administrative Agent and a counterpart hereof shall have been executed on behalf of the Administrative Agent, and thereafter shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns.  Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page of this Reaffirmation Agreement by facsimile or other electronic means shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this Reaffirmation Agreement.

 

SECTION 3.04.  No Novation.  This Reaffirmation Agreement shall not extinguish the Loan Document Obligations or discharge or release the priority of any Loan Document or any other security therefor.  Nothing herein shall be construed as a substitution or novation of the Loan Document Obligations or instruments securing the same or of any other obligations under any Loan Document, which shall remain in full force and effect.  Nothing in or implied by this Reaffirmation Agreement or in any other document contemplated hereby shall be construed as a release or other discharge of the Borrower or any other Loan Party under any Loan Document from any of its obligations and liabilities thereunder.  Each of the Credit Agreement and the other Loan Documents shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding the execution and delivery of this Reaffirmation Agreement.

 

SECTION 3.05.  Governing Law; Jurisdiction; Consent to Service of Process

 

(a)           This Reaffirmation Agreement shall be construed in accordance with and governed by the laws of the State of New York.

 

(b)           Each party hereto hereby irrevocably and unconditionally submits, for itself and its property, to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of the State of New York sitting in New York County and of the United States District Court of the Southern District of New York, and any appellate court from any thereof, in any action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Reaffirmation Agreement, or for recognition or enforcement of any judgment, and each of the parties hereto hereby irrevocably and unconditionally agrees that all claims in respect of any such action or proceeding may be heard and determined in such New York State or, to the extent permitted by law, in such Federal court.  Each of the parties hereto agrees that a final judgment in any such action or proceeding shall be

 

B-3



 

conclusive and may be enforced in other jurisdictions by suit on the judgment or in any other manner provided by law.  Nothing in this Reaffirmation Agreement shall affect any right that the Administrative Agent or any Lender may otherwise have to bring any action or proceeding relating to this Reaffirmation Agreement against any Reaffirming Party or its respective properties in the courts of any jurisdiction.

 

(c)           Each of the parties hereto hereby irrevocably and unconditionally waives, to the fullest extent it may legally and effectively do so, any objection that it may now or hereafter have to the laying of venue of any suit, action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Reaffirmation Agreement in any court referred to in paragraph (b) of this Section 3.05.  Each of the parties hereto hereby irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the defense of an inconvenient forum to the maintenance of such action or proceeding in any such court.

 

(d)           Each of the parties hereto irrevocably consents to service of process in the manner provided for notices in Section 9.01 of the Credit Agreement.  Nothing in this Reaffirmation Agreement shall affect the right of any party hereto to serve process in any other manner permitted by law.

 

SECTION 3.06.  Waiver of Jury Trial.  EACH PARTY HERETO HEREBY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS REAFFIRMATION AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY (WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT OR ANY OTHER THEORY).  EACH PARTY HERETO (A) CERTIFIES THAT NO REPRESENTATIVE, AGENT OR ATTORNEY OF ANY OTHER PARTY HAS REPRESENTED, EXPRESSLY OR OTHERWISE, THAT SUCH OTHER PARTY WOULD NOT, IN THE EVENT OF LITIGATION, SEEK TO ENFORCE THE FOREGOING WAIVER AND (B) ACKNOWLEDGES THAT IT AND THE OTHER PARTIES HERETO HAVE BEEN INDUCED TO ENTER INTO THIS AGREEMENT BY, AMONG OTHER THINGS, THE MUTUAL WAIVERS AND CERTIFICATIONS IN THIS SECTION 3.06.

 

                SECTION 3.07.  Severability. Any provision of this Reaffirmation Agreement held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability without affecting the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions hereof; and the invalidity of a particular provision in a particular jurisdiction shall not invalidate such provision in any other jurisdiction.  The parties hereto shall endeavor in good faith negotiations to replace any invalid, illegal or unenforceable provisions with valid, legal and enforceable provisions the economic effect of which comes as close as reasonably possible to that of the invalid, illegal or unenforceable provisions.

 

                SECTION 3.08.  HeadingsArticle and Section headings used herein are for convenience of reference only, are not part of this Reaffirmation Agreement and shall not affect the construction of, or be taken into consideration in interpreting, this Reaffirmation Agreement.

 

SECTION 3.09.  No Other Amendments; Confirmation.  Except as expressly set forth herein, this Reaffirmation Agreement shall not by implication or otherwise limit, impair, constitute a waiver of or otherwise affect the rights and remedies of the Lenders, the Administrative Agent or the other Secured Parties under the Credit Agreement or any other Loan Document, and shall not alter, modify, amend or in any way affect any of the terms, conditions, obligations, covenants or agreements contained in the Credit Agreement or any other provision of the Credit Agreement or of any other Loan Document, all of which are ratified and affirmed in all respects and shall continue in full force and effect.

 

B-4



 

[Signature pages follow]

 

B-5



 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the undersigned has executed and delivered this Reaffirmation Agreement as of the date first above written.

 

 

VIRTU FINANCIAL LLC,

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

 

 

VFH PARENT LLC,

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

 

 

VIRTU FINANCIAL OPERATING LLC,

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

 

 

VIRTU TECHNOLOGIES LLC,

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

 

 

VIRTU-MTH HOLDINGS LLC,

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

 

 

VIRTU FINANCIAL F/X LLC,

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 



 

 

VIRTU FINANCIAL GLOBAL SERVICES, LLC,

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

 

 

VIRTU FINANCIAL ENERGY AND COMMODITIES LLC,

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

 

 

VIRTU FINANCIAL SERVICES LLC,

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

 

 

BLUELINE COMM LLC,

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 



 

Acknowledged and agreed:

 

 

 

 

 

CREDIT SUISSE AG, CAYMAN ISLANDS

 

BRANCH, as Administrative Agent,

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 


 

EXHIBIT C

 

PERFECTION CERTIFICATE

 

Reference is made to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of November 8, 2013 (as amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”), among Virtu Financial LLC (“Holdings”), VFH Parent LLC (the “Borrower”), the lenders from time to time party thereto and Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, as Administrative Agent.  Capitalized terms used but not defined herein have the meanings assigned in the Credit Agreement or the Collateral Agreement referred to therein, as applicable.

 

The undersigned, a Responsible Officer of the Borrower, hereby certifies to the Administrative Agent and each other Secured Party on behalf of the Loan Parties as follows:

 

SECTION 1.         Names.    (a) Set forth on Schedule 1 is (i) the exact legal name of each Loan Party, as such name appears in its certificate of organization or like document and (ii) each other legal name such Loan Party has had in the past five years, together with the date of the relevant name change and each other name used by each Loan Party on any filings with the Internal Revenue Service at any time in the past five years.

 

(b)  Except as set forth on Schedule 1, no Loan Party has changed its identity or corporate structure or entered into a similar reorganization in any way within the past five years.  Changes in identity or corporate structure would include mergers, consolidations and acquisitions of all or substantially all of the assets of (or all or substantially all the assets constituting a business unit, division, product line or line of business of) a Person or other acquisitions of material assets outside the ordinary course of business, as well as any change in the form, nature or jurisdiction of organization.  With respect to any such change that has occurred within the past five years, Schedules 1 and 2 set forth the information required by Sections 1(a) and 2 of this Perfection Certificate as to each acquiree or constituent party to such merger, consolidation or acquisition.

 

SECTION 2.         Jurisdictions and Locations.  Set forth on Schedule 2 is (i) the jurisdiction of organization and the form of organization of each Loan Party, (ii) the federal tax payer identification number of such Loan Party and (iii) the address (including the county) of the chief executive office of such Loan Party or the registered office of such Loan Party, if applicable.

 

SECTION 3.         Unusual Transactions.  Except for Inventory or Accounts acquired pursuant to mergers, consolidations or acquisitions listed in Section 1(b) hereof, all Accounts have been originated by the Loan Parties and all Inventory with an aggregate value in excess of $5,000,000 has been acquired by the Loan Parties in the ordinary course of business.

 



 

SECTION 4.         UCC Filings.  Financing statements have been filed in connection with the Existing Credit Agreement (as defined in the Credit Agreement) by counsel to the Administrative Agent in the proper Uniform Commercial Code filing office in the jurisdiction in which each Loan Party is located.  Set forth on Schedule 4 is a true and correct list of each such filing and the Uniform Commercial Code filing office in which such filing was made.

 

SECTION 5.         Stock Ownership and other Equity Interests.  Set forth on Schedule 5 is a true and correct list, for each Loan Party, of all the issued and outstanding stock, partnership interests, limited liability company membership interests or other Equity Interests owned, beneficially or of record, by such Loan Party, specifying the issuer and certificate number (if any) of, and the number and percentage of ownership represented by, such Equity Interests and setting forth the percentage of such Equity Interests pledged under the Security Agreement (excluding any Equity Interests acquired in the ordinary course of trading activities).

 

SECTION 6.         Debt Instruments.  Set forth on Schedule 6 is a true and correct list, for each Loan Party, of all promissory notes and other evidence of indebtedness (other than checks to be deposited in the ordinary course of business) owned by such Loan Party that are required to be pledged under the Credit Agreement and the Security Documents, including all intercompany notes between or among Holdings, the Borrower and the other Subsidiaries in excess of $5,000,000 in aggregate principal amount, and to the extent applicable, specifying the creditor and debtor thereunder and the outstanding principal amount thereof (excluding any Investments acquired in the ordinary course of trading activities).

 

SECTION 7.         Real Property.  Set forth on Schedule 7 is a true and correct list of all fee-owned real property with a fair market value in excess of $5,000,000 held by any Loan Party, noting (a) the exact name of the Person that owns such property as such name appears in its certificate of incorporation or other organizational document, (b) if different from the name identified pursuant to clause (a), the exact name of the current record owner of such property reflected in the records of the filing office for such property identified pursuant to the following clause and (c) the filing office in which a mortgage with respect to such property must be filed or recorded in order for the Collateral Agent to obtain a perfected security interest therein.

 

SECTION 8.         Intellectual Property.  (a)  Set forth on Schedule 8(a) is a true and correct list, with respect to each Loan Party, of all U.S. patents and patent applications owned by such Loan Party (except, for the avoidance of doubt, as otherwise indicated on Schedule 8(a)), including the name of the owner, title, registration or application number of any registrations or applications.

 

(b)  Set forth on Schedule 8(b) is a true and correct list, with respect to each Loan Party, of all U.S. trademark registrations and applications owned by such Loan Party, including the name of the registered owner and the registration or application number of any registrations and applications.

 

(c)   Set forth on Schedule 8(c) is a true and correct list, with respect to each Loan Party, of all U.S. registered designs and design applications owned by such Loan Party including

 

2



 

the name of the registered owner and the registration and/or application number of any registrations or applications.

 

(d)  Set forth on Schedule 8(d) is a true and correct list, with respect to each Loan Party, of all U.S. copyright registrations and applications owned by such Loan Party, including the name of the registered owner, title and the registration or serial number of any copyright registrations.

 

(e)  Set forth on Schedule 8(e) is a true and correct list, with respect to each Loan Party, of all exclusive Copyright Licenses under which such Loan Party is a licensee of a U.S. registered copyright, including the name and address of the licensor under such exclusive Copyright License and the name of the registered owner, title and the registration or serial number of any copyright registration to which such exclusive Copyright License relates.

 

(f)  All U.S. patent and patent applications, trademark registrations and applications and copyright registrations and applications and all exclusive Copyright Licenses in registered copyrights under which a Subsidiary is a licensee owned or to be owned by any Subsidiary on or immediately following the Closing Date are listed on Schedules 8(a), 8(b), 8(c), 8(d) and 8(e) hereto.

 

SECTION 9.         Commercial Tort Claims.  Set forth on Schedule 9 is a true and correct list of commercial tort claims in excess of $5,000,000 held by any Loan Party, including a brief description thereof.

 

SECTION 10.       Letter of Credit Rights.  Set forth on Schedule 10 is a true and correct list of all letters of credit in excess of $5,000,000 issued in favor of any Loan Party, as beneficiary thereunder, stating if letter-of-credit rights with respect to such letters of credit are required to be subject to a control arrangement pursuant to the Collateral Agreement.

 

3



 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has duly executed this certificate as of the date first written above.

 

 

 

VFH PARENT LLC

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

[Signature Page to Perfection Certificate]

 



 

SCHEDULE 1

 

Names

 

Loan Party’s Exact Legal Name

 

Prior Legal Names
(including date of change)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



 

SCHEDULE 2

 

Jurisdictions and Locations

 

Loan Party

 

Jurisdiction 
of 
Organization

 

Form of 
Organization

 

Federal Taxpayer
Identification Number 
(if any)

 

Chief Executive 
Office or Registered Office Address

(including county)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



 

SCHEDULE 4

 

UCC Filings

 

Loan Party

 

UCC Filing Office/County Recorder’s 
Office

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



 

SCHEDULE 5

 

Stock Ownership and Other Equity Interests

 

Loan Party

 

Issuer

 

Certificate 
Number

 

Number of 
Equity 
Interests

 

Percentage of 
Ownership

 

Percentage 
Pledged

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



 

SCHEDULE 6

 

Debt Instruments

 

Loan Party

 

Creditor

 

Debtor

 

Type

 

Amount

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



 

SCHEDULE 7

 

Owned Real Property

 

Property Name

 

Address

 

Owner

 

Filing Office

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


 

SCHEDULE 8(a)

 

Intellectual Property

 

U.S. Patents and Patent Applications

 

Loan Party

 

Registered 
Owner

 

Type

 

Registration / 
Application 
Number

 

Country 
Designation

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



 

SCHEDULE 8(b)

 

Intellectual Property

 

U.S. Trademarks and Trademark Applications

 

Loan Party

 

Registered Owner

 

Mark

 

Registration / 
Application 
Number

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



 

SCHEDULE 8(c)

 

Intellectual Property

 

U.S. Registered Designs and Design Applications

 

Loan Party

 

Registered Owner

 

Registration / 
Application 
Number

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



 

SCHEDULE 8(d)

 

Intellectual Property

 

U.S. Copyrights and Copyright Applications

 

Loan Party

 

Registered Owner

 

Title

 

Registration / 
Serial Number

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



 

SCHEDULE 8(e)

 

Intellectual Property

 

Exclusive Copyright Licenses in U.S. Registered Copyrights under which a Loan Party is a Licensee

 

Loan Party

 

Licensor

 

Licensor 
Address

 

Registered 
Owner

 

Title

 

Registration / 
Serial Number

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



 

SCHEDULE 9

 

Commercial Tort Claims

 

Loan Party/Plaintiff

 

Defendant

 

Description

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



 

SCHEDULE 10

 

Letter of Credit Rights

 

Issuer

 

Beneficiary

 

Principal 
Amount

 

Date of 
Issuance

 

Maturity 
Date

 

Subject to 
Control 
Requirement

[Yes/No]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



 

EXHIBIT D

 

[Reserved]

 



 

EXHIBIT E

 

Form of Opinion of Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP

 

[TO COME FROM STB]

 


 

 

EXHIBIT F-1

 

[FORM OF]

 

FIRST-LIEN INTERCREDITOR AGREEMENT

 

among

 

VIRTU FINANCIAL LLC,

 

VFH PARENT LLC,

 

the other Grantors party hereto,

 

CREDIT SUISSE AG, CAYMAN ISLANDS BRANCH,
as Credit Agreement Collateral Agent for the Credit Agreement Secured Parties,

 

CREDIT SUISSE AG, CAYMAN ISLANDS BRANCH,
as Authorized Representative for the Credit Agreement Secured Parties,

 

[                                                ]

as the Additional First-Lien Collateral Agent,

 

[                                                ]

as the Initial Additional Authorized Representative,

 

and

 

each additional Authorized Representative from time to time party hereto

 

dated as of [            ], 20[   ]

 



 

FIRST-LIEN INTERCREDITOR AGREEMENT, dated as of [            ], 20[   ] (as amended, restated, amended and restated, extended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, this “Agreement”), among VIRTU FINANCIAL LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Holdings”), VFH PARENT LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Company”), the other Grantors (as defined below) from time to time party hereto, CREDIT SUISSE AG, CAYMAN ISLANDS BRANCH (“Credit Suisse”), as collateral agent for the Credit Agreement Secured Parties (as defined below) (in such capacity and together with its successors in such capacity, the “Credit Agreement Collateral Agent”), CREDIT SUISSE AG, CAYMAN ISLANDS BRANCH, as Authorized Representative for the Credit Agreement Secured Parties (as each such term is defined below), [                              ], as collateral agent for the Additional First-Lien Secured Parties (as defined below) (in such capacity and together with its successors in such capacity, the “Additional First-Lien Collateral Agent”), [                              ], as Authorized Representative for the Initial Additional First-Lien Secured Parties (as defined below) (in such capacity and together with its successors in such capacity, the “Initial Additional Authorized Representative”), and each additional Authorized Representative from time to time party hereto for the other Additional First-Lien Secured Parties of the Series (as defined below) with respect to which it is acting in such capacity.

 

In consideration of the mutual agreements herein contained and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Collateral Agent, the Administrative Agent (for itself and on behalf of the Credit Agreement Secured Parties), the Initial Additional Authorized Representative (for itself and on behalf of the Initial Additional First-Lien Secured Parties) and each additional Authorized Representative (for itself and on behalf of the Additional First-Lien Secured Parties of the applicable Series) agree as follows:

 

ARTICLE I

 

Definitions

 

SECTION 1.01     Certain Defined Terms.  Capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein have the meanings set forth in the Credit Agreement or, if defined in the New York UCC, the meanings specified therein.  As used in this Agreement, the following terms have the meanings specified below:

 

Additional First-Lien Collateral Agent” has the meaning assigned to such term in the introductory paragraph of this Agreement.

 

Additional First-Lien Documents” means, with respect to the Initial Additional First-Lien Obligations or any Series of Additional Senior Class Debt, the notes, indentures, security documents and other operative agreements evidencing or governing such indebtedness and liens securing such indebtedness, including the Initial Additional First-Lien Documents and the Additional First-Lien Security Documents and each other agreement entered into for the purpose of securing the Initial Additional First-Lien Obligations or any Series of Additional Senior Class Debt; provided that, in each case, the Indebtedness thereunder (other than the Initial Additional First-Lien Obligations) has been designated as Additional First-Lien Obligations pursuant to Section 5.13 hereto.

 

Additional First-Lien Obligations” means all amounts owing to any Additional First-Lien Secured Party (including the Initial Additional First-Lien Secured Parties) pursuant to the terms of

 

F1-2



 

any Additional First-Lien Document (including the Initial Additional First-Lien Documents), including, without limitation, all amounts in respect of any principal, premium, interest (including any interest accruing subsequent to the commencement of a Bankruptcy Case at the rate provided for in the respective Additional First-Lien Document, whether or not such interest is an allowed claim under any such proceeding or under applicable state, federal or foreign law), penalties, fees, expenses, indemnifications, reimbursements, damages and other liabilities, and guarantees of the foregoing amounts.

 

Additional First-Lien Secured Party” means the holders of any Additional First-Lien Obligations and any Authorized Representative with respect thereto, and shall include the Initial Additional First-Lien Secured Parties.

 

Additional First-Lien Security Documents” means any collateral agreement, security agreement or any other document now existing or entered into after the date hereof that create Liens on any assets or properties of any Grantor to secure the Additional First-Lien Obligations.

 

Additional Senior Class Debt” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 5.13.

 

Additional Senior Class Debt Parties” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 5.13.

 

Additional Senior Class Debt Representative” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 5.13.

 

Administrative Agent” has the meaning assigned to such term in the definition of “Credit Agreement.”

 

Agreement” has the meaning assigned to such term in the introductory paragraph of this Agreement.

 

Applicable Authorized Representative” means, with respect to any Shared Collateral, (i) until the earlier of (x) the Discharge of Credit Agreement Obligations and (y) the Non-Controlling Authorized Representative Enforcement Date, the Administrative Agent and (ii) from and after the earlier of (x) the Discharge of Credit Agreement Obligations and (y) the Non-Controlling Authorized Representative Enforcement Date, the Major Non-Controlling Authorized Representative.

 

Applicable Collateral Agent” means (i) until the earlier of (x) the Discharge of Credit Agreement Obligations and (y) the Non-Controlling Authorized Representative Enforcement Date, the Credit Agreement Collateral Agent and (ii) from and after the earlier of (x) the Discharge of Credit Agreement Obligations and (y) the Non-Controlling Authorized Representative Enforcement Date, the Additional First-Lien Collateral Agent.

 

Authorized Representative” means, at any time, (i) in the case of any Credit Agreement Obligations or the Credit Agreement Secured Parties, the Administrative Agent, (ii) in the case of the Initial Additional First-Lien Obligations or the Initial Additional First-Lien Secured Parties, the Initial Additional Authorized Representative, and (iii) in the case of any other Series of Additional First-Lien Obligations or Additional First-Lien Secured Parties that become subject to this Agreement after the date hereof, the Authorized Representative named for such Series in the applicable Joinder Agreement.

 

F1-3



 

Bankruptcy Case” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.05(b).

 

Bankruptcy Code” means Title 11 of the United States Code, as amended, or any similar federal or state law for the relief of debtors.

 

Bankruptcy Law” means the Bankruptcy Code and any similar federal, state or foreign law for the relief of debtors.

 

Collateral” means all assets and properties subject to Liens created pursuant to any First-Lien Security Document to secure one or more Series of First-Lien Obligations.

 

Collateral Agent” means (i) in the case of any Credit Agreement Obligations, the Credit Agreement Collateral Agent and (ii) in the case of the Additional First-Lien Obligations, the Additional First-Lien Collateral Agent.

 

Collateral Agreement” means that certain Collateral Agreement, dated as of July 8, 2011, among Holdings, the Company, the other Grantors party thereto and the Credit Agreement Collateral Agent, as amended, restated, amended and restated, extended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time.

 

Company” has the meaning assigned to such term in the introductory paragraph of this Agreement.

 

Controlling Secured Parties” means, with respect to any Shared Collateral, (i) at any time when the Credit Agreement Collateral Agent is the Applicable Collateral Agent, the Credit Agreement Secured Parties and (ii) at any other time, the Series of First-Lien Secured Parties whose Authorized Representative is the Applicable Authorized Representative for such Shared Collateral.

 

Credit Agreement” means that certain Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of November 8, 2013, among Holdings, the Company, the lenders from time to time party thereto, Credit Suisse, as administrative agent (in such capacity and together with its successors in such capacity, the “Administrative Agent”), and the other parties thereto, as amended, restated, amended and restated, extended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time.

 

Credit Agreement Collateral Agent” has the meaning assigned to such term in the introductory paragraph of this Agreement.

 

Credit Agreement Collateral Documents” means the Collateral Agreement, the other Security Documents (as defined in the Credit Agreement) and each other agreement entered into in favor of the Credit Agreement Collateral Agent for the purpose of securing any Credit Agreement Obligations.

 

Credit Agreement Obligations” means all “Secured Obligations” as defined in the Credit Agreement.

 

Credit Agreement Secured Parties” means the “Secured Parties” as defined in the Collateral Agreement.

 

F1-4



 

Credit Suisse” has the meaning assigned to such term in the introductory paragraph of this Agreement.

 

DIP Financing” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.05(b).

 

DIP Financing Liens” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.05(b).

 

DIP Lenders” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.05(b).

 

Discharge” means, with respect to any Shared Collateral and any Series of First-Lien Obligations, the date on which such Series of First-Lien Obligations is no longer secured by such Shared Collateral.  The term “Discharged” shall have a corresponding meaning.

 

Discharge of Credit Agreement Obligations” means, with respect to any Shared Collateral, the Discharge of the Credit Agreement Obligations with respect to such Shared Collateral; provided that the Discharge of Credit Agreement Obligations shall not be deemed to have occurred in connection with a Refinancing of such Credit Agreement Obligations with additional First-Lien Obligations secured by such Shared Collateral under an Additional First-Lien Document which has been designated in writing by the Administrative Agent (under the Credit Agreement so Refinanced) to the Additional First-Lien Collateral Agent and each other Authorized Representative as the “Credit Agreement” for purposes of this Agreement.

 

Event of Default” means an “Event of Default” (or similarly defined term) as defined in any Secured Credit Document.

 

First-Lien Obligations” means, collectively, (i) the Credit Agreement Obligations and (ii) each Series of Additional First-Lien Obligations.

 

First-Lien Secured Parties” means (i) the Credit Agreement Secured Parties and (ii) the Additional First-Lien Secured Parties with respect to each Series of Additional First-Lien Obligations.

 

First-Lien Security Documents” means, collectively, (i) the Credit Agreement Collateral Documents and (ii) the Additional First-Lien Security Documents.

 

Grantors” means Holdings, the Company and each of the Subsidiary Loan Parties (as defined in the Credit Agreement) and each other Subsidiary of the Company which has granted a security interest pursuant to any First-Lien Security Document to secure any Series of First-Lien Obligations.  The Grantors existing on the date hereof are set forth in Annex I hereto.

 

Holdings” has the meaning assigned to such term in the introductory paragraph of this Agreement.

 

Impairment” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 1.03.

 

Initial Additional Authorized Representative” has the meaning assigned to such term in the introductory paragraph of this Agreement.

 

F1-5



 

Initial Additional First-Lien Agreement” mean that certain [Indenture] [Other Agreement], dated as of [              ], among the Company, [the Guarantors identified therein] and [                 ], as [trustee], as amended, restated, amended and restated, extended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time.

 

Initial Additional First-Lien Documents” means the Initial Additional First-Lien Agreement, the debt securities issued thereunder, the Initial Additional First-Lien Security Agreement and any security documents and other operative agreements evidencing or governing the Indebtedness thereunder, and the Liens securing such Indebtedness, including any agreement entered into for the purpose of securing the Initial Additional First-Lien Obligations.

 

Initial Additional First-Lien Obligations” means the [“Obligations”] as such term is defined in the Initial Additional First-Lien Security Agreement.

 

Initial Additional First-Lien Secured Parties” means the Additional First-Lien Collateral Agent, the Initial Additional Authorized Representative and the holders of the Initial Additional First-Lien Obligations issued pursuant to the Initial Additional First-Lien Agreement.

 

Initial Additional First-Lien Security Agreement” means the security agreement, dated as of the date hereof, among the Company, the Additional First-Lien Collateral Agent and the other parties thereto, as amended, restated, amended and restated, extended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time.

 

Insolvency or Liquidation Proceeding” means:

 

(1)   any case commenced by or against the Company or any other Grantor under any Bankruptcy Law, any other proceeding for the reorganization, recapitalization or adjustment or marshalling of the assets or liabilities of the Company or any other Grantor, any receivership or assignment for the benefit of creditors relating to the Company or any other Grantor or any similar case or proceeding relative to the Company or any other Grantor or its creditors, as such, in each case whether or not voluntary;

 

(2)   any liquidation, dissolution, marshalling of assets or liabilities or other winding up of or relating to the Company or any other Grantor, in each case whether or not voluntary and whether or not involving bankruptcy or insolvency; or

 

(3)   any other proceeding of any type or nature in which substantially all claims of creditors of the Company or any other Grantor are determined and any payment or distribution is or may be made on account of such claims.

 

Intervening Creditor” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.01(a).

 

Joinder Agreement” means a joinder to this Agreement in the form of Annex II hereto required to be delivered by an Authorized Representative to each Collateral Agent and each Authorized Representative pursuant to Section 5.13 hereof in order to establish an additional Series of Additional First-Lien Obligations and add Additional First-Lien Secured Parties hereunder.

 

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Lien” means, with respect to any asset, (a) any mortgage, deed of trust, lien, pledge, hypothecation, encumbrance, charge or security interest in, on or of such asset and (b) the interest of a vendor or a lessor under any conditional sale agreement, capital lease or title retention agreement (or any financing lease having substantially the same economic effect as any of the foregoing) relating to such asset.

 

Major Non-Controlling Authorized Representative” means, with respect to any Shared Collateral, the Authorized Representative of the Series of Additional First-Lien Obligations that constitutes the largest outstanding principal amount of any then outstanding Series of First-Lien Obligations with respect to such Shared Collateral.

 

New York UCC” means the Uniform Commercial Code as from time to time in effect in the State of New York.

 

Non-Controlling Authorized Representative” means, at any time with respect to any Shared Collateral, any Authorized Representative that is not the Applicable Authorized Representative at such time with respect to such Shared Collateral.

 

Non-Controlling Authorized Representative Enforcement Date” means, with respect to any Non-Controlling Authorized Representative, the date which is 90 days (throughout which 90-day period such Non-Controlling Authorized Representative was the Major Non-Controlling Authorized Representative) after the occurrence of both (i) an Event of Default (under and as defined in the Additional First-Lien Document under which such Non-Controlling Authorized Representative is the Authorized Representative) and (ii) each Collateral Agent’s and each other Authorized Representative’s receipt of written notice from such Non-Controlling Authorized Representative certifying that (x) such Non-Controlling Authorized Representative is the Major Non-Controlling Authorized Representative and that an Event of Default (under and as defined in the Additional First-Lien Document under which such Non-Controlling Authorized Representative is the Authorized Representative) has occurred and is continuing and (y) the Additional First-Lien Obligations of the Series with respect to which such Non-Controlling Authorized Representative is the Authorized Representative are currently due and payable in full (whether as a result of acceleration thereof or otherwise) in accordance with the terms of the applicable Additional First-Lien Document; provided that the Non-Controlling Authorized Representative Enforcement Date shall be stayed and shall not occur and shall be deemed not to have occurred with respect to any Shared Collateral (1) at any time the Administrative Agent or the Credit Agreement Collateral Agent has commenced and is diligently pursuing any enforcement action with respect to such Shared Collateral or (2) at any time the Grantor which has granted a security interest in such Shared Collateral is then a debtor under or with respect to (or otherwise subject to) any Insolvency or Liquidation Proceeding.

 

Non-Controlling Secured Parties” means, with respect to any Shared Collateral, the First-Lien Secured Parties which are not Controlling Secured Parties with respect to such Shared Collateral.

 

Possessory Collateral” means any Shared Collateral in the possession of a Collateral Agent (or its agents or bailees), to the extent that possession thereof perfects a Lien thereon under the Uniform Commercial Code of any jurisdiction.  Possessory Collateral includes, without limitation, any

 

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Certificated Securities, Promissory Notes, Instruments and Chattel Paper, in each case, delivered to or in the possession of the Collateral Agent under the terms of the First-Lien Security Documents.

 

Proceeds” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 2.01(a).

 

Refinance” means, in respect of any indebtedness, to refinance, extend, renew, defease, amend, increase, modify, supplement, restructure, refund, replace or repay, or to issue other indebtedness or enter alternative financing arrangements, in exchange or replacement for such indebtedness (in whole or in part), including by adding or replacing lenders, creditors, agents, borrowers and/or guarantors, and including in each case, but not limited to, after the original instrument giving rise to such indebtedness has been terminated and including, in each case, through any credit agreement, indenture or other agreement. “Refinanced” and “Refinancing” have correlative meanings.

 

Secured Credit Document” means (i) the Credit Agreement and each Loan Document (as defined in the Credit Agreement), (ii) each Initial Additional First-Lien Document, and (iii) each Additional First-Lien Document.

 

Series” means (a) with respect to the First-Lien Secured Parties, each of (i) the Credit Agreement Secured Parties (in their capacities as such), (ii) the Initial Additional First-Lien Secured Parties (in their capacities as such), and (iii) the Additional First-Lien Secured Parties that become subject to this Agreement after the date hereof that are represented by a common Authorized Representative (in its capacity as such for such Additional First-Lien Secured Parties) and (b) with respect to any First-Lien Obligations, each of (i) the Credit Agreement Obligations, (ii) the Initial Additional First-Lien Obligations, and (iii) the Additional First-Lien Obligations incurred pursuant to any Additional First-Lien Document, which pursuant to any Joinder Agreement are to be represented hereunder by a common Authorized Representative (in its capacity as such for such Additional First-Lien Obligations).

 

Shared Collateral” means, at any time, Collateral in which the holders of two or more Series of First-Lien Obligations hold a valid and perfected security interest at such time.  If more than two Series of First-Lien Obligations are outstanding at any time and the holders of less than all Series of First-Lien Obligations hold a valid and perfected security interest in any Collateral at such time, then such Collateral shall constitute Shared Collateral for those Series of First-Lien Obligations that hold a valid security interest in such Collateral at such time and shall not constitute Shared Collateral for any Series which does not have a valid and perfected security interest in such Collateral at such time.

 

SECTION 1.02     Terms Generally.  The definitions of terms herein shall apply equally to the singular and plural forms of the terms defined.  Whenever the context may require, any pronoun shall include the corresponding masculine, feminine and neuter forms.  The words “include,” “includes” and “including” shall be deemed to be followed by the phrase “without limitation.”  The word “will” shall be construed to have the same meaning and effect as the word “shall.”  Unless the context requires otherwise, (i) any definition of or reference to any agreement, instrument, other document, statute or regulation herein shall be construed as referring to such agreement, instrument, other document, statute or regulation as from time to time amended, supplemented or otherwise modified, (ii) any reference herein to any Person shall be construed to include such Person’s successors and assigns, but shall not be deemed to include the subsidiaries of such Person unless express reference is made to such subsidiaries, (iii) the words “herein,” “hereof” and “hereunder,” and words of similar import, shall be construed to refer to this Agreement in its entirety and not to any particular provision hereof, (iv) all references herein to Articles,

 

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Sections and Annexes shall be construed to refer to Articles, Sections and Annexes of this Agreement, (v) unless otherwise expressly qualified herein, the words “asset” and “property” shall be construed to have the same meaning and effect and to refer to any and all tangible and intangible assets and properties, including cash, securities, accounts and contract rights, and (vi) the term “or” is not exclusive.

 

SECTION 1.03     Impairments.  It is the intention of the First-Lien Secured Parties of each Series that the holders of First-Lien Obligations of such Series (and not the First-Lien Secured Parties of any other Series) bear the risk of (i) any determination by a court of competent jurisdiction that (x) any of the First-Lien Obligations of such Series are unenforceable under applicable law or are subordinated to any other obligations (other than another Series of First-Lien Obligations), (y) any of the First-Lien Obligations of such Series do not have an enforceable security interest in any of the Collateral securing any other Series of First-Lien Obligations and/or (z) any intervening security interest exists securing any other obligations (other than another Series of First-Lien Obligations) on a basis ranking prior to the security interest of such Series of First-Lien Obligations but junior to the security interest of any other Series of First-Lien Obligations or (ii) the existence of any Collateral for any other Series of First-Lien Obligations that is not Shared Collateral (any such condition referred to in the foregoing clause (i) or (ii) with respect to any Series of First-Lien Obligations, an “Impairment” of such Series); provided that the existence of a maximum claim with respect to any Mortgaged Property (as defined in the Credit Agreement) which applies to all First-Lien Obligations shall not be deemed to be an Impairment of any Series of First-Lien Obligations.  In the event of any Impairment with respect to any Series of First-Lien Obligations, the results of such Impairment shall be borne solely by the holders of such Series of First-Lien Obligations, and the rights of the holders of such Series of First-Lien Obligations (including, without limitation, the right to receive distributions in respect of such Series of First-Lien Obligations pursuant to Section 2.01) set forth herein shall be modified to the extent necessary so that the effects of such Impairment are borne solely by the holders of the Series of such First-Lien Obligations subject to such Impairment.  Additionally, in the event the First-Lien Obligations of any Series are modified pursuant to applicable law (including, without limitation, pursuant to Section 1129 of the Bankruptcy Code), any reference to such First-Lien Obligations or the First-Lien Security Documents governing such First-Lien Obligations shall refer to such obligations or such documents as so modified.

 

ARTICLE II

 

Priorities and Agreements with Respect to Shared Collateral

 

SECTION 2.01     Priority of Claims.

 

(a)           Anything contained herein or in any of the Secured Credit Documents to the contrary notwithstanding (but subject to Section 1.03), if an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, and the Applicable Collateral Agent or any First-Lien Secured Party is taking action to enforce rights in respect of any Shared Collateral, or any distribution is made in respect of any Shared Collateral in any Bankruptcy Case of the Company or any other Grantor or any First-Lien Secured Party receives any payment pursuant to any intercreditor agreement (other than this Agreement) with respect to any Shared Collateral, the proceeds of any sale, collection or other liquidation of any such Collateral by any First-Lien Secured Party or received by the Applicable Collateral Agent or any First-Lien Secured Party pursuant to any such intercreditor agreement with respect to such Shared Collateral and proceeds of any such distribution (subject, in the case of any such distribution, to the sentence immediately following) to which the First-Lien Obligations are entitled under any intercreditor agreement (other than this

 

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Agreement) (all proceeds of any sale, collection or other liquidation of any Collateral and all proceeds of any such distribution being collectively referred to as “Proceeds”) shall be applied (i) FIRST, to the payment of all amounts owing to each Collateral Agent (in its capacity as such) pursuant to the terms of any Secured Credit Document, (ii) SECOND, subject to Section 1.03, to the payment in full of the First-Lien Obligations of each Series on a ratable basis, with such Proceeds to be applied to the First-Lien Obligations of a given Series in accordance with the terms of the applicable Secured Credit Documents, and (iii) THIRD, after payment of all First-Lien Obligations, to the Company and the other Grantors or their successors or assigns, as their interests may appear, or to whosoever may be lawfully entitled to receive the same, or as a court of competent jurisdiction may direct.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to any Shared Collateral upon which a third party (other than a First-Lien Secured Party) has a lien or security interest that is junior in priority to the security interest of any Series of First-Lien Obligations but senior (as determined by appropriate legal proceedings in the case of any dispute) to the security interest of any other Series of First-Lien Obligations (such third party, an “Intervening Creditor”), the value of any Shared Collateral or Proceeds which are allocated to such Intervening Creditor shall be deducted on a ratable basis solely from the Shared Collateral or Proceeds to be distributed in respect of the Series of First-Lien Obligations with respect to which such Impairment exists.

 

(b)           It is acknowledged that the First-Lien Obligations of any Series may, subject to the limitations set forth in the then extant Secured Credit Documents, be increased, extended, renewed, replaced, restated, supplemented, restructured, repaid, refunded, Refinanced or otherwise amended or modified from time to time, all without affecting the priorities set forth in Section 2.01(a) or the provisions of this Agreement defining the relative rights of the First-Lien Secured Parties of any Series.

 

(c)           Notwithstanding the date, time, method, manner or order of grant, attachment or perfection of any Liens securing any Series of First-Lien Obligations granted on the Shared Collateral and notwithstanding any provision of the Uniform Commercial Code of any jurisdiction, or any other applicable law or the Secured Credit Documents or any defect or deficiencies in the Liens securing the First-Lien Obligations of any Series or any other circumstance whatsoever (but, in each case, subject to Section 1.03), each First-Lien Secured Party hereby agrees that the Liens securing each Series of First-Lien Obligations on any Shared Collateral shall be of equal priority.

 

(d)           Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement or any other First-Lien Security Documents to the contrary, Collateral consisting of cash and cash equivalents pledged to secure Credit Agreement Obligations consisting of reimbursement obligations in respect of Letters of Credit or otherwise held by the Administrative Agent or the Collateral Agent pursuant to Section 2.05(j), 2.11(b) or 2.22(a)(ii) of the Credit Agreement (or any equivalent successor provision) shall be applied as specified in the Credit Agreement and will not constitute Shared Collateral.

 

SECTION 2.02     Actions with Respect to Shared Collateral; Prohibition on Contesting Liens.

 

(a)           Only the Applicable Collateral Agent shall act or refrain from acting with respect to any Shared Collateral (including with respect to any intercreditor agreement with respect to any Shared Collateral).  At any time when the Credit Agreement Collateral Agent is the Applicable Collateral Agent, no Additional First-Lien Secured Party shall, or shall instruct any Collateral Agent to, commence any judicial or nonjudicial foreclosure proceedings with respect to, seek to have a trustee, receiver, liquidator or similar official appointed for or over, attempt any action to take possession of, exercise any right,

 

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remedy or power with respect to, or otherwise take any action to enforce its security interest in or realize upon, or take any other action available to it in respect of, any Shared Collateral (including with respect to any intercreditor agreement with respect to any Shared Collateral), whether under any Additional First-Lien Security Document, applicable law or otherwise, it being agreed that only the Credit Agreement Collateral Agent, acting in accordance with the Credit Agreement Collateral Documents, shall be entitled to take any such actions or exercise any such remedies with respect to Shared Collateral at such time.

 

(b)           With respect to any Shared Collateral at any time when the Additional First-Lien Collateral Agent is the Applicable Collateral Agent, (i) the Applicable Collateral Agent shall act only on the instructions of the Applicable Authorized Representative, (ii) the Applicable Collateral Agent shall not follow any instructions with respect to such Shared Collateral (including with respect to any intercreditor agreement with respect to any Shared Collateral) from any Non-Controlling Authorized Representative (or any other First-Lien Secured Party other than the Applicable Authorized Representative) and (iii) no Non-Controlling Authorized Representative or other First-Lien Secured Party (other than the Applicable Authorized Representative) shall, or shall instruct the Applicable Collateral Agent to, commence any judicial or non-judicial foreclosure proceedings with respect to, seek to have a trustee, receiver, liquidator or similar official appointed for or over, attempt any action to take possession of, exercise any right, remedy or power with respect to, or otherwise take any action to enforce its security interest in or realize upon, or take any other action available to it in respect of, any Shared Collateral (including with respect to any intercreditor agreement with respect to any Shared Collateral), whether under any First-Lien Security Document, applicable law or otherwise, it being agreed that only the Applicable Collateral Agent, acting on the instructions of the Applicable Authorized Representative and in accordance with the Additional First-Lien Security Documents, shall be entitled to take any such actions or exercise any such remedies with respect to Shared Collateral.

 

(c)           Notwithstanding the equal priority of the Liens securing each Series of First-Lien Obligations, the Applicable Collateral Agent (in the case of the Additional First-Lien Collateral Agent, acting on the instructions of the Applicable Authorized Representative) may deal with the Shared Collateral as if such Applicable Collateral Agent had a senior Lien on such Collateral.  No Non-Controlling Authorized Representative or Non-Controlling Secured Party will contest, protest or object to any foreclosure proceeding or action brought by the Applicable Collateral Agent, the Applicable Authorized Representative or the Controlling Secured Party or any other exercise by the Applicable Collateral Agent, the Applicable Authorized Representative or the Controlling Secured Party of any rights and remedies relating to the Shared Collateral, or to cause the Applicable Collateral Agent to do so.  The foregoing shall not be construed to limit the rights and priorities of any First-Lien Secured Party, the Applicable Collateral Agent or any Authorized Representative with respect to any Collateral not constituting Shared Collateral.

 

(d)           Each of the First-Lien Secured Parties agrees that it will not (and hereby waives any right to) question or contest or support any other Person in contesting, in any proceeding (including any Insolvency or Liquidation Proceeding), the perfection, priority, validity, attachment or enforceability of a Lien held by or on behalf of any of the First-Lien Secured Parties on all or any part of the Collateral, or the provisions of this Agreement; provided that nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to prevent or impair the rights of any Collateral Agent or any Authorized Representative to enforce this Agreement.

 

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SECTION 2.03     No Interference; Payment Over.

 

(a)           Each First-Lien Secured Party agrees that (i) it will not challenge or question in any proceeding the validity or enforceability of any First-Lien Obligations of any Series or any First-Lien Security Document or the validity, attachment, perfection or priority of any Lien under any First-Lien Security Document or the validity or enforceability of the priorities, rights or duties established by or other provisions of this Agreement, (ii) it will not take or cause to be taken any action the purpose or intent of which is, or could be, to interfere, hinder or delay, in any manner, whether by judicial proceedings or otherwise, any sale, transfer or other disposition of the Shared Collateral by the Applicable Collateral Agent, (iii) except as provided in Section 2.02, it shall have no right to (A) direct the Applicable Collateral Agent or any other First-Lien Secured Party to exercise any right, remedy or power with respect to any Shared Collateral (including pursuant to any intercreditor agreement) or (B) consent to the exercise by the Applicable Collateral Agent or any other First-Lien Secured Party of any right, remedy or power with respect to any Shared Collateral, (iv) it will not institute any suit or assert in any suit, bankruptcy, insolvency or other proceeding any claim against the Applicable Collateral Agent or any other First-Lien Secured Party seeking damages from or other relief by way of specific performance, instructions or otherwise with respect to any Shared Collateral, and none of the Applicable Collateral Agent, any Applicable Authorized Representative or any other First-Lien Secured Party shall be liable for any action taken or omitted to be taken by the Applicable Collateral Agent, such Applicable Authorized Representative or other First-Lien Secured Party with respect to any Shared Collateral in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement, (v) it will not seek, and hereby waives any right, to have any Shared Collateral or any part thereof marshalled upon any foreclosure or other disposition of such Collateral and (vi) it will not attempt, directly or indirectly, whether by judicial proceedings or otherwise, to challenge the enforceability of any provision of this Agreement; provided that nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to prevent or impair the rights of the Applicable Collateral Agent or any other First-Lien Secured Party to enforce this Agreement.

 

(b)           Each First-Lien Secured Party hereby agrees that if it shall obtain possession of any Shared Collateral or shall realize any proceeds or payment in respect of any such Shared Collateral, pursuant to any First-Lien Security Document or by the exercise of any rights available to it under applicable law or in any Insolvency or Liquidation Proceeding or through any other exercise of remedies (including pursuant to any intercreditor agreement), at any time prior to the Discharge of each of the First-Lien Obligations, then it shall hold such Shared Collateral, proceeds or payment in trust for the other First-Lien Secured Parties and promptly transfer such Shared Collateral, proceeds or payment, as the case may be, to the Applicable Collateral Agent, to be distributed in accordance with the provisions of Section 2.01.

 

SECTION 2.04     Automatic Release of Liens; Amendments to First-Lien Security Documents.

 

(a)           If at any time the Applicable Collateral Agent forecloses upon or otherwise exercises remedies against any Shared Collateral resulting in a sale or disposition thereof, then (whether or not any Insolvency or Liquidation Proceeding is pending at the time) the Liens in favor of the other Collateral Agent for the benefit of each Series of First-Lien Secured Parties upon such Shared Collateral will automatically be released and discharged as and when, but only to the extent, such Liens of the Applicable Collateral Agent on such Shared Collateral are released and discharged; provided that any proceeds of any Shared Collateral realized therefrom shall be applied pursuant to Section 2.01.

 

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(b)           Each Collateral Agent and Authorized Representative agrees to execute and deliver (at the sole cost and expense of the Grantors) all such authorizations and other instruments as shall reasonably be requested by the Applicable Collateral Agent to evidence and confirm any release of Shared Collateral provided for in this Section.

 

SECTION 2.05     Certain Agreements with Respect to Bankruptcy or Insolvency Proceedings.

 

(a)           This Agreement shall continue in full force and effect notwithstanding the commencement of any proceeding under the Bankruptcy Code or any other federal, state or foreign bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership or similar law by or against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries.

 

(b)           If the Company and/or any other Grantor shall become subject to a case (a “Bankruptcy Case”) under the Bankruptcy Code and shall, as debtor(s)-in-possession, move for approval of financing (“DIP Financing”) to be provided by one or more lenders (the “DIP Lenders”) under Section 364 of the Bankruptcy Code or any equivalent provision of any other Bankruptcy Law or the use of cash collateral under Section 363 of the Bankruptcy Code or any equivalent provision of any other Bankruptcy Law, each First-Lien Secured Party (other than any Controlling Secured Party or Authorized Representative of any Controlling Secured Party) agrees that it will raise no objection to any such financing or to the Liens on the Shared Collateral securing the same (“DIP Financing Liens”) or to any use of cash collateral that constitutes Shared Collateral, unless an Authorized Representative of any Controlling Secured Party shall then oppose or object to such DIP Financing or such DIP Financing Liens or use of cash collateral (and (i) to the extent that such DIP Financing Liens are senior to the Liens on any such Shared Collateral for the benefit of the Controlling Secured Parties, each Non-Controlling Secured Party will subordinate its Liens with respect to such Shared Collateral on the same terms as the Liens of the Controlling Secured Parties (other than any Liens of any First-Lien Secured Parties constituting DIP Financing Liens) are subordinated thereto, and (ii) to the extent that such DIP Financing Liens rank pari passu with the Liens on any such Shared Collateral granted to secure the First-Lien Obligations of the Controlling Secured Parties, each Non-Controlling Secured Party will confirm the priorities with respect to such Shared Collateral as set forth herein), in each case so long as (A) the First-Lien Secured Parties of each Series retain the benefit of their Liens on all such Shared Collateral pledged to the DIP Lenders, including proceeds thereof arising after the commencement of such proceeding, with the same priority vis-à-vis all the other First-Lien Secured Parties (other than any Liens of the First-Lien Secured Parties constituting DIP Financing Liens) as existed prior to the commencement of the Bankruptcy Case, (B) the First-Lien Secured Parties of each Series are granted Liens on any additional collateral pledged to any First-Lien Secured Parties as adequate protection or otherwise in connection with such DIP Financing or use of cash collateral, with the same priority vis-à-vis the First-Lien Secured Parties as set forth in this Agreement, (C) if any amount of such DIP Financing or cash collateral is applied to repay any of the First-Lien Obligations, such amount is applied pursuant to Section 2.01, and (D) if any First-Lien Secured Parties are granted adequate protection, including in the form of periodic payments, in connection with such DIP Financing or use of cash collateral, the proceeds of such adequate protection are applied pursuant to Section 2.01; provided that the First-Lien Secured Parties of each Series shall have a right to object to the grant of a Lien to secure the DIP Financing over any Collateral subject to Liens in favor of the First-Lien Secured Parties of such Series or their Authorized Representative that shall not constitute Shared Collateral; and provided, further, that the First-Lien Secured Parties receiving adequate protection shall not object to any other First-Lien Secured Party receiving adequate protection comparable to any

 

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adequate protection granted to such First-Lien Secured Parties in connection with a DIP Financing or use of cash collateral.

 

SECTION 2.06     Reinstatement.  In the event that any of the First-Lien Obligations shall be paid in full and such payment or any part thereof shall subsequently, for whatever reason (including an order or judgment for disgorgement of a preference under the Bankruptcy Code, or any similar law, or the settlement of any claim in respect thereof), be required to be returned or repaid, the terms and conditions of this Article II shall be fully applicable thereto until all such First-Lien Obligations shall again have been paid in full in cash.

 

SECTION 2.07     Insurance.  As between the First-Lien Secured Parties, the Applicable Collateral Agent (and in the case of the Additional First-Lien Collateral Agent, acting at the direction of the Applicable Authorized Representative) shall have the right to adjust or settle any insurance policy or claim covering or constituting Shared Collateral in the event of any loss thereunder and to approve any award granted in any condemnation or similar proceeding affecting the Shared Collateral.

 

SECTION 2.08     Refinancings.  The First-Lien Obligations of any Series may be Refinanced, in whole or in part, in each case, without notice to, or the consent (except to the extent a consent is otherwise required to permit the Refinancing transaction under any Secured Credit Document) of, any First-Lien Secured Party of any other Series, all without affecting the priorities provided for herein or the other provisions hereof; provided that the Authorized Representative of the holders of any such Refinancing indebtedness shall have executed a Joinder Agreement on behalf of the holders of such Refinancing indebtedness.

 

SECTION 2.09     Possessory Collateral Agent as Gratuitous Bailee for Perfection.

 

(a)           The Possessory Collateral shall be delivered to the Credit Agreement Collateral Agent and the Credit Agreement Collateral Agent agrees to hold any Shared Collateral constituting Possessory Collateral that is part of the Collateral in its possession or control (or in the possession or control of its agents or bailees) as gratuitous bailee for the benefit of each other First-Lien Secured Party and any assignee solely for the purpose of perfecting the security interest granted in such Possessory Collateral, if any, pursuant to the applicable First-Lien Security Documents, in each case, subject to the terms and conditions of this Section 2.09; provided that at any time the Credit Agreement Collateral Agent is not the Applicable Collateral Agent, the Credit Agreement Collateral Agent shall, at the request of the Additional First-Lien Collateral Agent, promptly deliver all Possessory Collateral to the Additional First-Lien Collateral Agent together with any necessary endorsements (or otherwise allow the Additional First-Lien Collateral Agent to obtain control of such Possessory Collateral).  The Company shall take such further action as is required to effectuate the transfer contemplated hereby and shall indemnify each Collateral Agent for loss or damage suffered by such Collateral Agent as a result of such transfer except for loss or damage suffered by such Collateral Agent as a result of its own willful misconduct, gross negligence or bad faith.

 

(b)           The Applicable Collateral Agent agrees to hold any Shared Collateral constituting Possessory Collateral, from time to time in its possession, as gratuitous bailee for the benefit of each other First-Lien Secured Party and any assignee, solely for the purpose of perfecting the security interest granted in such Possessory Collateral, if any, pursuant to the applicable First-Lien Security Documents, in each case, subject to the terms and conditions of this Section 2.09.

 

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(c)           The duties or responsibilities of each Collateral Agent under this Section 2.09 shall be limited solely to holding any Shared Collateral constituting Possessory Collateral as gratuitous bailee for the benefit of each other First-Lien Secured Party for purposes of perfecting the Lien held by such First-Lien Secured Parties thereon.

 

SECTION 2.10     Amendments to Security Documents.

 

(a)           Without the prior written consent of the Credit Agreement Collateral Agent, the Additional First-Lien Collateral Agent agrees that no Additional First-Lien Security Document may be amended, supplemented or otherwise modified or entered into to the extent such amendment, supplement or modification, or the terms of any new Additional First-Lien Security Document, would be prohibited by, or would require any Grantor to act or refrain from acting in a manner that would violate, any of the terms of this Agreement.

 

(b)           Without the prior written consent of the Additional First-Lien Collateral Agent, the Credit Agreement Collateral Agent agrees that no Credit Agreement Collateral Document may be amended, supplemented or otherwise modified or entered into to the extent such amendment, supplement or modification, or the terms of any new Credit Agreement Collateral Document, would be prohibited by, or would require any Grantor to act or refrain from acting in a manner that would violate, any of the terms of this Agreement.

 

(c)           In making determinations required by this Section 2.10, each Collateral Agent may conclusively rely on an officer’s certificate of the Company.

 

ARTICLE III

 

Existence and Amounts of Liens and Obligations

 

SECTION 3.01     Determinations with Respect to Amounts of Liens and Obligations.  Whenever a Collateral Agent or any Authorized Representative shall be required, in connection with the exercise of its rights or the performance of its obligations hereunder, to determine the existence or amount of any First-Lien Obligations of any Series, or the Shared Collateral subject to any Lien securing the First-Lien Obligations of any Series, it may request that such information be furnished to it in writing by each other Authorized Representative or Collateral Agent and shall be entitled to make such determination or not make any determination on the basis of the information so furnished; provided, however, that if an Authorized Representative or a Collateral Agent shall fail or refuse reasonably promptly to provide the requested information, the requesting Collateral Agent or Authorized Representative shall be entitled to make any such determination by such method as it may, in the exercise of its good faith judgment, determine, including by reliance upon a certificate of the Company.  Each Collateral Agent and each Authorized Representative may rely conclusively, and shall be fully protected in so relying, on any determination made by it in accordance with the provisions of the preceding sentence (or as otherwise directed by a court of competent jurisdiction) and shall have no liability to any Grantor, any First-Lien Secured Party or any other Person as a result of such determination.

 

F1-15



 

ARTICLE IV

 

The Applicable Collateral Agent

 

ARTICLE 4.01    Authority.

 

(a)           Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, nothing herein shall be construed to impose any fiduciary or other duty on any Applicable Collateral Agent to any Non-Controlling Secured Party or give any Non-Controlling Secured Party the right to direct any Applicable Collateral Agent, except that each Applicable Collateral Agent shall be obligated to distribute proceeds of any Shared Collateral in accordance with Section 2.01.

 

(b)           In furtherance of the foregoing, each Non-Controlling Secured Party acknowledges and agrees that the Applicable Collateral Agent shall be entitled, for the benefit of the First-Lien Secured Parties, to sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of or deal with any Shared Collateral as provided herein and in the First-Lien Security Documents, as applicable, pursuant to which the Applicable Collateral Agent is the collateral agent for such Shared Collateral, without regard to any rights to which the Non-Controlling Secured Parties would otherwise be entitled as a result of the First-Lien Obligations held by such Non-Controlling Secured Parties.  Without limiting the foregoing, each Non-Controlling Secured Party agrees that none of the Applicable Collateral Agent, the Applicable Authorized Representative or any other First-Lien Secured Party shall have any duty or obligation first to marshal or realize upon any type of Shared Collateral (or any other Collateral securing any of the First-Lien Obligations), or to sell, dispose of or otherwise liquidate all or any portion of such Shared Collateral (or any other Collateral securing any First-Lien Obligations), in any manner that would maximize the return to the Non-Controlling Secured Parties, notwithstanding that the order and timing of any such realization, sale, disposition or liquidation may affect the amount of proceeds actually received by the Non-Controlling Secured Parties from such realization, sale, disposition or liquidation.  Each of the First-Lien Secured Parties waives any claim it may now or hereafter have against any Collateral Agent or the Authorized Representative of any other Series of First-Lien Obligations or any other First-Lien Secured Party of any other Series arising out of (i) any actions which any Collateral Agent, Authorized Representative or the First-Lien Secured Parties take or omit to take (including actions with respect to the creation, perfection or continuation of Liens on any Collateral, actions with respect to the foreclosure upon, sale, release or depreciation of, or failure to realize upon, any of the Collateral and actions with respect to the collection of any claim for all or any part of the First-Lien Obligations from any account debtor, guarantor or any other party) in accordance with the First-Lien Security Documents or any other agreement related thereto or to the collection of the First-Lien Obligations or the valuation, use, protection or release of any security for the First-Lien Obligations, (ii) any election by any Applicable Authorized Representative or any holders of First-Lien Obligations, in any proceeding instituted under the Bankruptcy Code, of the application of Section 1111(b) of the Bankruptcy Code or (iii) subject to Section 2.05, any borrowing by, or grant of a security interest or administrative expense priority under Section 364 of the Bankruptcy Code or any equivalent provision of any other Bankruptcy Law, the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, as debtor-in-possession.  Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the Applicable Collateral Agent shall not accept any Shared Collateral in full or partial satisfaction of any First-Lien Obligations pursuant to Section 9-620 of the Uniform Commercial Code of any jurisdiction, without the consent of each Authorized Representative representing holders of First-Lien Obligations for which such Collateral constitutes Shared Collateral.

 

F1-16



 

ARTICLE V

 

Miscellaneous

 

SECTION 5.01     Notices.  All notices and other communications provided for herein shall be in writing and shall be delivered by hand or overnight courier service, mailed by certified or registered mail or sent by telecopy, as follows:

 

(a)   if to the Credit Agreement Collateral Agent or the Administrative Agent, to it at [·], Attention of [·] (Fax No. [·]);

 

(b)   if to the Additional First-Lien Collateral Agent or the Initial Additional Authorized Representative, to it at [·];

 

(c)   if to any other Additional Authorized Representative, to it at the address set forth in the applicable Joinder Agreement.

 

Any party hereto may change its address or telecopy number for notices and other communications hereunder by notice to the other parties hereto.  All notices and other communications given to any party hereto in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement shall be deemed to have been given on the date of receipt (if a Business Day) and on the next Business Day thereafter (in all other cases) if delivered by hand or overnight courier service or sent by telecopy or on the date three Business Days after dispatch by certified or registered mail if mailed, in each case delivered, sent or mailed (properly addressed) to such party as provided in this Section 5.01 or in accordance with the latest unrevoked direction from such party given in accordance with this Section 5.01.  As agreed to in writing among each Collateral Agent and each Authorized Representative from time to time, notices and other communications may also be delivered by e-mail to the e-mail address of a representative of the applicable Person provided from time to time by such Person.

 

SECTION 5.02     Waivers; Amendment; Joinder Agreements.

 

(a)           No failure or delay on the part of any party hereto in exercising any right or power hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any such right or power, or any abandonment or discontinuance of steps to enforce such a right or power, preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right or power.  The rights and remedies of the parties hereto are cumulative and are not exclusive of any rights or remedies that they would otherwise have.  No waiver of any provision of this Agreement or consent to any departure by any party therefrom shall in any event be effective unless the same shall be permitted by Section 5.02(b), and then such waiver or consent shall be effective only in the specific instance and for the purpose for which given.  No notice or demand on any party hereto in any case shall entitle such party to any other or further notice or demand in similar or other circumstances.

 

(b)           Neither this Agreement nor any provision hereof may be terminated, waived, amended or modified (other than pursuant to any Joinder Agreement) except pursuant to an agreement or agreements in writing entered into by each Authorized Representative and each Collateral Agent (and with respect to any such termination, waiver, amendment or modification which by the terms of this Agreement requires the Company’s consent or which increases the obligations or reduces the rights of the Company or any other Grantor, with the consent of the Company).

 

F1-17



 

(c)           Notwithstanding the foregoing, without the consent of any First-Lien Secured Party, any Authorized Representative may become a party hereto by execution and delivery of a Joinder Agreement in accordance with Section 5.13 and upon such execution and delivery, such Authorized Representative and the Additional First-Lien Secured Parties and Additional First-Lien Obligations of the Series for which such Authorized Representative is acting shall be subject to the terms hereof and the terms of the Additional First-Lien Security Documents applicable thereto.

 

(d)           Notwithstanding the foregoing, without the consent of any other Authorized Representative or First-Lien Secured Party, the Collateral Agents may effect amendments and modifications to this Agreement to the extent necessary to reflect any incurrence of any Additional First-Lien Obligations in compliance with the Credit Agreement and the other Secured Credit Documents.

 

SECTION 5.03     Parties in Interest.  This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns, as well as the other First-Lien Secured Parties, all of which are intended to be bound by, and to be third party beneficiaries of, this Agreement.

 

SECTION 5.04     Survival of Agreement.  All covenants, agreements, representations and warranties made by any party in this Agreement shall be considered to have been relied upon by the other parties hereto and shall survive the execution and delivery of this Agreement.

 

SECTION 5.05     Counterparts.  This Agreement may be executed by one or more of the parties to this Agreement on any number of separate counterparts, and all of said counterparts taken together shall be deemed to constitute one and the same instrument.  Delivery of an executed signature page of this Agreement by facsimile or other electronic transmission shall be as effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart hereof.

 

SECTION 5.06     Severability.  Any provision of this Agreement held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability without affecting the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions hereof; and the invalidity of a particular provision in a particular jurisdiction shall not invalidate such provision in any other jurisdiction.  The parties shall endeavor in good faith negotiations to replace the invalid, illegal or unenforceable provisions with valid provisions the economic effect of which comes as close as possible to that of the invalid, illegal or unenforceable provisions.

 

SECTION 5.07     GOVERNING LAW.  THIS AGREEMENT AND THE RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE PARTIES UNDER THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED AND INTERPRETED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAW OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.

 

SECTION 5.08     Submission to Jurisdiction Waivers; Consent to Service of Process.  Each Collateral Agent and each Authorized Representative, on behalf of itself and the First-Lien Secured Parties of the Series for which it is acting, irrevocably and unconditionally:

 

(a)   submits for itself and its property in any legal action or proceeding relating to this Agreement and the First-Lien Security Documents, or for recognition and enforcement of any judgment in respect thereof, to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of the State of

 

F1-18



 

New York located in the Borough of Manhattan, the courts of the United States for the Southern District of New York, and appellate courts from any thereof;

 

(b)   consents that any such action or proceeding may be brought in such courts and waives any objection that it may now or hereafter have to the venue of any such action or proceeding in any such court or that such action or proceeding was brought in an inconvenient forum and agrees not to plead or claim the same;

 

(c)   agrees that service of process in any such action or proceeding may be effected by mailing a copy thereof by registered or certified mail (or any substantially similar form of mail), postage prepaid, to such Person (or its Authorized Representative) at the address set forth in Section 5.01;

 

(d)   agrees that nothing herein shall affect the right of any other party hereto (or any First-Lien Secured Party) to effect service of process in any other manner permitted by law or shall limit the right of any party hereto (or any First-Lien Secured Party) to sue in any other jurisdiction; and

 

(e)   waives, to the maximum extent not prohibited by law, any right it may have to claim or recover in any legal action or proceeding referred to in this Section 5.08 any special, exemplary, punitive or consequential damages.

 

SECTION 5.09     WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL.  EACH PARTY HERETO HEREBY IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL ACTION OR PROCEEDING RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR FOR ANY COUNTERCLAIM THEREIN.

 

SECTION 5.10     Headings.  Article, Section and Annex headings used herein are for convenience of reference only, are not part of this Agreement and are not to affect the construction of, or to be taken into consideration in interpreting, this Agreement.

 

SECTION 5.11     Conflicts.  In the event of any conflict or inconsistency between the provisions of this Agreement and the provisions of any of the First-Lien Security Documents or any of the other Secured Credit Documents, the provisions of this Agreement shall control.

 

SECTION 5.12     Provisions Solely to Define Relative Rights.  The provisions of this Agreement are and are intended solely for the purpose of defining the relative rights of the First-Lien Secured Parties in relation to one another.  None of the Company, any other Grantor or any creditor thereof shall have any rights or obligations hereunder, except as expressly provided in this Agreement (provided that nothing in this Agreement (other than Section 2.04, 2.05, 2.08, 2.09 or Article V) is intended to or will amend, waive or otherwise modify the provisions of the Credit Agreement or any Additional First-Lien Documents), and none of the Company or any other Grantor may rely on the terms hereof (other than Sections 2.04, 2.05, 2.08, 2.09 and Article V).  Nothing in this Agreement is intended to or shall impair the obligations of any Grantor, which are absolute and unconditional, to pay the First-Lien Obligations as and when the same shall become due and payable in accordance with their terms.

 

SECTION 5.13     Additional Senior Debt.  To the extent, but only to the extent, permitted by the provisions of the Credit Agreement and the Additional First-Lien Documents, the Company may

 

F1-19



 

incur additional indebtedness after the date hereof that is permitted by the Credit Agreement and the Additional First-Lien Documents to be incurred and secured on an equal and ratable basis by the Liens securing the First-Lien Obligations (such indebtedness referred to as “Additional Senior Class Debt”).  Any such Additional Senior Class Debt may be secured by a Lien and may be Guaranteed by the Grantors on a senior basis, in each case under and pursuant to the Additional First-Lien Documents, if and subject to the condition that the Authorized Representative of any such Additional Senior Class Debt (each, an “Additional Senior Class Debt Representative”), acting on behalf of the holders of such Additional Senior Class Debt (such Authorized Representative and holders in respect of any Additional Senior Class Debt being referred to as the “Additional Senior Class Debt Parties”), becomes a party to this Agreement by satisfying the conditions set forth in clauses (i) through (iv) of the immediately succeeding paragraph.

 

In order for an Additional Senior Class Debt Representative to become a party to this Agreement,

 

(i)    such Additional Senior Class Debt Representative, each Collateral Agent, each Authorized Representative and each Grantor shall have executed and delivered an instrument substantially in the form of Annex II (with such changes as may be reasonably approved by such Collateral Agent and Additional Senior Class Debt Representative) pursuant to which such Additional Senior Class Debt Representative becomes an Authorized Representative hereunder, and the Additional Senior Class Debt in respect of which such Additional Senior Class Debt Representative is the Authorized Representative and the related Additional Senior Class Debt Parties become subject hereto and bound hereby;

 

(ii)   the Company shall have (x) delivered to each Collateral Agent true and complete copies of each of the Additional First-Lien Documents relating to such Additional Senior Class Debt, certified as being true and correct by a Responsible Officer of the Company, and (y) identified in a certificate of an authorized officer the obligations to be designated as Additional First-Lien Obligations and the initial aggregate principal amount or face amount thereof;

 

(iii)  all filings, recordations and/or amendments or supplements to the First-Lien Security Documents necessary or desirable in the reasonable judgment of the Additional First Lien Collateral Agent to confirm and perfect the Liens securing the relevant obligations relating to such Additional Senior Class Debt shall have been made, executed and/or delivered (or, with respect to any such filings or recordations, acceptable provisions to perform such filings or recordations shall have been taken in the reasonable judgment of the Additional First Lien Collateral Agent), and all fees and taxes in connection therewith shall have been paid (or acceptable provisions to make such payments shall have been taken in the reasonable judgment of the Additional First Lien Collateral Agent); and

 

(iv)  the Additional First-Lien Documents, as applicable, relating to such Additional Senior Class Debt shall provide, in a manner reasonably satisfactory to each Collateral Agent, that each Additional Senior Class Debt Party with respect to such Additional Senior Class Debt will be subject to and bound by the provisions of this Agreement in its capacity as a holder of such Additional Senior Class Debt.

 

F1-20



 

Each Authorized Representative acknowledges and agrees that upon execution and delivery of a Joinder Agreement substantially in the form of Annex II by an Additional Senior Class Debt Representative and each Grantor in accordance with this Section 5.13, the Additional First-Lien Collateral Agent will continue to act in its capacity as Additional First-Lien Collateral Agent in respect of the then existing Authorized Representatives (other than the Administrative Agent) and such additional Authorized Representative.

 

SECTION 5.14     Agent Capacities.  Except as expressly provided herein or in the Credit Agreement Collateral Documents, Credit Suisse is acting in the capacities of Administrative Agent and Credit Agreement Collateral Agent solely for the Credit Agreement Secured Parties.  Except as expressly provided herein or in the Additional First-Lien Security Documents, [         ] is acting in the capacity of Additional First-Lien Collateral Agent solely for the Additional First-Lien Secured Parties.  Except as expressly set forth herein, none of the Administrative Agent, the Credit Agreement Collateral Agent or the Additional First-Lien Collateral Agent shall have any duties or obligations in respect of any of the Collateral, all of such duties and obligations, if any, being subject to and governed by the applicable Secured Credit Documents.

 

SECTION 5.15     Integration.  This Agreement together with the other Secured Credit Documents and the First-Lien Security Documents represents the agreement of each of the Grantors and the First-Lien Secured Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and there are no promises, undertakings, representations or warranties by any Grantor, the Credit Agreement Collateral Agent or any other First-Lien Secured Party relative to the subject matter hereof not expressly set forth or referred to herein or in the other Secured Credit Documents or the First-Lien Security Documents.

 

F1-21



 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized officers as of the day and year first above written.

 

 

 

CREDIT SUISSE AG, CAYMAN ISLANDS BRANCH,

 

 

as Collateral Agent

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

 

 

CREDIT SUISSE AG, CAYMAN ISLANDS BRANCH,

 

 

as Authorized Representative for the Credit Agreement Secured Parties

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

 

 

[                                                            ],

 

 

as Additional First-Lien Collateral Agent

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 



 

 

 

[                                                               ],

 

 

as Initial Additional Authorized Representative

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

 

 

VIRTU FINANCIAL LLC

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

 

 

VFH PARENT LLC

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

 

 

[GRANTORS]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 


 

ANNEX I

 

Grantors



 

ANNEX II

 

[FORM OF] JOINDER NO. [       ] dated as of [              ], 20[   ] to the FIRST-LIEN INTERCREDITOR AGREEMENT dated as of [    ], 20[   ] (the “First-Lien Intercreditor Agreement”), among VIRTU FINANCIAL LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Holdings”), VFH Parent LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Company”), certain subsidiaries and affiliates of the Company (each a “Grantor”), Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, as Credit Agreement Collateral Agent for the Credit Agreement Secured Parties under the First-Lien Security Documents (in such capacity, the “Credit Agreement Collateral Agent”), Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, as Authorized Representative for the Credit Agreement Secured Parties, [                    ], as Additional First-Lien Collateral Agent, [                         ], as Initial Additional Authorized Representative, and the additional Authorized Representatives from time to time a party thereto.(1)

 

A.            Capitalized terms used herein but not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings assigned to such terms in the First-Lien Intercreditor Agreement.

 

B.            As a condition to the ability of the Company to incur Additional First-Lien Obligations and to secure such Additional Senior Class Debt with the liens and security interests created by the Additional First-Lien Security Documents, the Additional Senior Class Debt Representative in respect of such Additional Senior Class Debt is required to become an Authorized Representative, and such Additional Senior Class Debt and the Additional Senior Class Debt Parties in respect thereof are required to become subject to and bound by the First-Lien Intercreditor Agreement.  Section 5.13 of the First-Lien Intercreditor Agreement provides that such Additional Senior Class Debt Representative may become an Authorized Representative, and such Additional Senior Class Debt and such Additional Senior Class Debt Parties may become subject to and bound by the First-Lien Intercreditor Agreement, upon the execution and delivery by the Senior Debt Class Representative of an instrument in the form of this Joinder Agreement and the satisfaction of the other conditions set forth in Section 5.13 of the First-Lien Intercreditor Agreement.  The undersigned Additional Senior Class Debt Representative (the “New Representative”) is executing this Joinder Agreement in accordance with the requirements of the First-Lien Intercreditor Agreement and the First-Lien Security Documents.

 

Accordingly, each Collateral Agent, each Authorized Representative and the New Representative agree as follows:

 

SECTION 1.         In accordance with Section 5.13 of the First-Lien Intercreditor Agreement, the New Representative by its signature below becomes an Authorized Representative under, and the related Additional Senior Class Debt and Additional Senior Class Debt Parties become subject to and bound by, the First-Lien Intercreditor Agreement with the same force and effect as if the New Representative had originally been named therein as an Authorized Representative and the New Representative, on its behalf and on behalf of such Additional Senior Class Debt Parties, hereby agrees to all the terms and provisions of the First-Lien Intercreditor Agreement applicable to it as Authorized Representative and to the Additional Senior Class Debt Parties that it represents as Additional First-Lien Secured Parties.  Each reference to an “Authorized Representative” in the First-Lien Intercreditor

 


(1)           In the event of the Refinancing of the Credit Agreement Obligations, revise to reflect joinder by a new Credit Agreement Collateral Agent

 



 

Agreement shall be deemed to include the New Representative.  The First-Lien Intercreditor Agreement is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

 

SECTION 2.         The New Representative represents and warrants to each Collateral Agent, each Authorized Representative and the other First-Lien Secured Parties, individually, that (i) it has full power and authority to enter into this Joinder, in its capacity as [agent] [trustee], (ii) this Joinder has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by it and constitutes its legal, valid and binding obligation, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, and (iii) the Additional First-Lien Documents relating to such Additional Senior Class Debt provide that, upon the New Representative’s entry into this Joinder Agreement, the Additional Senior Class Debt Parties in respect of such Additional Senior Class Debt will be subject to and bound by the provisions of the First-Lien Intercreditor Agreement as Additional First-Lien Secured Parties.

 

SECTION 3.         This Joinder may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall constitute an original, but all of which when taken together shall constitute a single contract.  This Joinder shall become effective when each Collateral Agent shall have received a counterpart of this Joinder that bears the signatures of the New Representative.  Delivery of an executed signature page to this Joinder by facsimile transmission shall be as effective as delivery of a manually signed counterpart of this Joinder.

 

SECTION 4.         Except as expressly supplemented hereby, the First-Lien Intercreditor Agreement shall remain in full force and effect.

 

SECTION 5.         THIS JOINDER SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.

 

SECTION 6.         In case any one or more of the provisions contained in this Joinder should be held invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect, no party hereto shall be required to comply with such provision for so long as such provision is held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, but the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions contained herein and in the First-Lien Intercreditor Agreement shall not in any way be affected or impaired.  The parties hereto shall endeavor in good-faith negotiations to replace the invalid, illegal or unenforceable provisions with valid provisions the economic effect of which comes as close as possible to that of the invalid, illegal or unenforceable provisions.

 

SECTION 7.         All communications and notices hereunder shall be in writing and given as provided in Section 5.01 of the First-Lien Intercreditor Agreement.  All communications and notices hereunder to the New Representative shall be given to it at its address set forth below its signature hereto.

 

SECTION 8.         The Company agrees to reimburse each Collateral Agent and each Authorized Representative for its reasonable out-of-pocket expenses in connection with this Joinder, including the reasonable fees, other charges and disbursements of counsel.

 

ANNEX II-2



 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the New Representative has duly executed this Joinder to the First-Lien Intercreditor Agreement as of the day and year first above written.

 

 

 

 

[NAME OF NEW REPRESENTATIVE], as

 

 

 

[          ] for the holders of [                        ],

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Address for notices:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

attention of:

 

 

 

 

Telecopy:

 

 



 

Acknowledged by:

 

 

 

 

CREDIT SUISSE AG, CAYMAN ISLANDS BRANCH,

 

as the Credit Agreement Collateral Agent and Authorized Representative,

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

 

[                                                    ],

 

as the Additional First-Lien Collateral Agent and Initial Additional Authorized Representative,

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

 

[OTHER AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVES]

 

 

 

 

VIRTU FINANCIAL LLC,

 

as Holdings

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

 

VFH PARENT LLC,

 

as Company

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

 

THE OTHER GRANTORS

 

LISTED ON SCHEDULE I HERETO,

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 



 

Schedule I to the
Supplement to the
First-Lien Intercreditor Agreement

 

Grantors

 


EXHIBIT F-2

 

[FORM OF]

 

JUNIOR LIEN INTERCREDITOR AGREEMENT

 

among

 

VIRTU FINANCIAL LLC,

 

VFH PARENT LLC,

 

the other Grantors party hereto,

 

CREDIT SUISSE AG, CAYMAN ISLANDS BRANCH,
as Senior Representative for the Credit Agreement Secured Parties,

 

[               ]
as the Initial Additional Second Priority Representative

 

and

 

each additional Representative from time to time party hereto

 

dated as of [     ], 20[  ]

 



 

JUNIOR LIEN INTERCREDITOR AGREEMENT dated as of [            ], 20[    ] (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, this “Agreement”), among VIRTU FINANCIAL LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Holdings”), VFH PARENT LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Company”), the other Grantors (as defined below) party hereto, CREDIT SUISSE AG, CAYMAN ISLANDS BRANCH (“Credit Suisse”), as Representative for the Credit Agreement Secured Parties (in such capacity, the “Administrative Agent”), [INSERT NAME AND CAPACITY], as Representative for the Initial Second Priority Debt Parties (in such capacity and together with its successors in such capacity, the “Initial Second Priority Representative”), and each additional Second Priority Representative and Senior Representative that from time to time becomes a party hereto pursuant to Section 8.09.

 

In consideration of the mutual agreements herein contained and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Administrative Agent (for itself and on behalf of the Credit Agreement Secured Parties), the Initial Second Priority Representative (for itself and on behalf of the Initial Second Priority Debt Parties) and each additional Senior Representative (for itself and on behalf of the Additional Senior Debt Parties under the applicable Additional Senior Debt Facility) and each additional Second Priority Representative (for itself and on behalf of the Second Priority Debt Parties under the applicable Second Priority Debt Facility) agree as follows:

 

ARTICLE I

 

Definitions

 

SECTION 1.01.    Certain Defined Terms.  Capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein have the meanings set forth in the Credit Agreement or, if defined in the New York UCC, the meanings specified therein.  As used in this Agreement, the following terms have the meanings specified below:

 

Additional Senior Debt” means any Indebtedness that is issued or guaranteed by the Company and/or any Guarantor (other than Indebtedness constituting Credit Agreement Obligations) which Indebtedness and Guarantees are secured by the Senior Collateral (or a portion thereof) on a pari passu basis (but without regard to control of remedies) with the Credit Agreement Obligations; provided, however, that (i) such Indebtedness is permitted to be incurred, secured and guaranteed on such basis by each Senior Debt Document and Second Priority Debt Document and (ii) the Representative for the holders of such Indebtedness shall have become party to (A) this Agreement pursuant to, and by satisfying the conditions set forth in, Section 8.09 hereof and (B) the First Lien Intercreditor Agreement pursuant to, and by satisfying the conditions set forth in, Section 5.13 thereof; provided further that, if such Indebtedness will be the initial Additional Senior Debt incurred by the Company after the date hereof, then the Guarantors, the Administrative Agent and the Representative for such Indebtedness shall have executed and delivered the First Lien Intercreditor Agreement.  Additional Senior Debt shall include any Registered Equivalent Notes and Guarantees thereof by the Guarantors issued in exchange therefor.

 

Additional Senior Debt Documents” means, with respect to any series, issue or class of Additional Senior Debt, the promissory notes, indentures, Collateral Documents or other operative agreements evidencing or governing such Indebtedness, including the Senior Collateral Documents.

 

Additional Senior Debt Facility” means each indenture or other governing agreement with respect to any Additional Senior Debt.

 



 

Additional Senior Debt Obligations” means, with respect to any series, issue or class of Additional Senior Debt, (a) all principal of, and interest (including, without limitation, any interest which accrues after the commencement of any Bankruptcy Case, whether or not allowed or allowable as a claim in any such proceeding) payable with respect to, such Additional Senior Debt, (b) all other amounts payable to the related Additional Senior Debt Parties under the related Additional Senior Debt Documents and (c) any renewals or extensions of the foregoing.

 

Additional Senior Debt Parties” means, with respect to any series, issue or class of Additional Senior Debt, the holders of such Indebtedness, the Representative with respect thereto, any trustee or agent therefor under any related Additional Senior Debt Documents and the beneficiaries of each indemnification obligation undertaken by the Company or any Guarantor under any related Additional Senior Debt Documents.

 

Administrative Agent” has the meaning assigned to such term in the introductory paragraph of this Agreement and shall include any successor administrative agent and collateral agent as provided in Article VIII of the Credit Agreement.

 

Agreement” has the meaning assigned to such term in the introductory paragraph of this Agreement.

 

Bankruptcy Case” means a case under the Bankruptcy Code or any other Bankruptcy Law.

 

Bankruptcy Code” means Title 11 of the United States Code, as amended, or any similar federal or state law for the relief of debtors.

 

Bankruptcy Law” means the Bankruptcy Code and any similar federal, state or foreign law for the relief of debtors.

 

Class Debt” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 8.09.

 

Class Debt Parties” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 8.09.

 

Class Debt Representatives” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 8.09.

 

Collateral” means the Senior Collateral and the Second Priority Collateral.

 

Collateral Agreement” means that certain Collateral Agreement, dated as of July 8, 2011, among Holdings, the Company, the other Grantors party thereto and the Credit Agreement Collateral Agent, as amended, restated, amended and restated, extended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time.

 

Collateral Documents” means the Senior Collateral Documents and the Second Priority Collateral Documents.

 

Company” has the meaning assigned to such term in the introductory paragraph of this Agreement.

 

Control” means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of a Person, whether through the ability to exercise voting power, by contract or otherwise.  “Controlling” and “Controlled” have meanings correlative thereto.

 

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Credit Agreement” means that certain Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of November 8, 2013, among Holdings, the Company, the lenders from time to time party thereto, Credit Suisse, as administrative agent, and the other parties thereto, as amended, restated, amended and restated, extended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time.

 

Credit Agreement Loan Documents” means the Credit Agreement and the other “Loan Documents” as defined in the Credit Agreement.

 

Credit Agreement Obligations” means the “Secured Obligations” as defined in the Credit Agreement.

 

Credit Agreement Secured Parties” means the “Secured Parties” as defined in the Collateral Agreement.

 

Credit Suisse” has the meaning assigned to such term in the introductory paragraph of this Agreement.

 

Debt Facility” means any Senior Facility and any Second Priority Debt Facility.

 

Designated Second Priority Representative” means (i) the Initial Second Priority Representative, until such time as the Second Priority Debt Facility under the Initial Second Priority Debt Documents ceases to be the only Second Priority Debt Facility under this Agreement and (ii) thereafter, the Second Priority Representative designated from time to time by the Second Priority Instructing Group, in a notice to the Designated Senior Representative and the Company hereunder, as the “Designated Second Priority Representative” for purposes hereof.

 

Designated Senior Representative” means (i) if at any time there is only one Senior Representative for a Senior Facility with respect to which the Discharge of Senior Obligations has not occurred, such Senior Representative and (ii) at any time when clause (i) does not apply, the Applicable Authorized Representative (as defined in the First Lien Intercreditor Agreement) at such time.

 

DIP Financing” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 6.01.

 

Discharge” means, with respect to any Shared Collateral and any Debt Facility, the date on which such Debt Facility and the Senior Obligations or Second Priority Debt Obligations thereunder, as the case may be, are no longer secured by such Shared Collateral pursuant to the terms of the documentation governing such Debt Facility.  The term “Discharged” shall have a corresponding meaning.

 

Discharge of Credit Agreement Obligations” means, with respect to any Shared Collateral, the Discharge of the Credit Agreement Obligations with respect to such Shared Collateral; provided that the Discharge of Credit Agreement Obligations shall not be deemed to have occurred in connection with a Refinancing of such Credit Agreement Obligations with an Additional Senior Debt Facility secured by such Shared Collateral under one or more Additional Senior Debt Documents which has been designated in writing by the Administrative Agent (under the Credit Agreement so Refinanced) to the Designated Senior Representative as the “Credit Agreement” for purposes of this Agreement.

 

Discharge of Senior Obligations” means the date on which the Discharge of Credit Agreement Obligations and the Discharge of each Additional Senior Debt Facility has occurred.

 

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First Lien Intercreditor Agreement” has the meaning assigned to such term in the Credit Agreement.

 

Grantors” means Holdings, the Company and each Subsidiary or direct or indirect parent company of the Company which has granted a security interest pursuant to any Collateral Document to secure any Secured Obligations.

 

Guarantors” means Holdings and the “Subsidiary Loan Parties” as defined in the Credit Agreement.

 

Holdings” has the meaning assigned to such term in the introductory paragraph of this Agreement.

 

Initial Second Priority Debt” means the Second Priority Debt incurred pursuant to the Initial Second Priority Debt Documents.

 

Initial Second Priority Debt Documents” means that certain [[Indenture] dated as of [          ], 20[  ], among the Company, [the Guarantors identified therein,] [     ], as [trustee], and [     ], as [paying agent, registrar and transfer agent]] and any notes, security documents and other operative agreements evidencing or governing such Indebtedness, including any agreement entered into for the purpose of securing the Initial Second Priority Debt Obligations.

 

Initial Second Priority Debt Obligations” means the Second Priority Debt Obligations arising pursuant to the Initial Second Priority Debt Documents.

 

Initial Second Priority Debt Parties” means the holders of any Initial Second Priority Debt Obligations and the Initial Second Priority Representative.

 

Initial Second Priority Representative” has the meaning assigned to such term in the introductory paragraph to this Agreement.

 

Insolvency or Liquidation Proceeding” means:

 

(1)           any case commenced by or against the Company or any other Grantor under any Bankruptcy Law, any other proceeding for the reorganization, recapitalization or adjustment or marshalling of the assets or liabilities of the Company or any other Grantor, any receivership or assignment for the benefit of creditors relating to the Company or any other Grantor or any similar case or proceeding relative to the Company or any other Grantor or its creditors, as such, in each case whether or not voluntary;

 

(2)           any liquidation, dissolution, marshalling of assets or liabilities or other winding up of or relating to the Company or any other Grantor, in each case whether or not voluntary and whether or not involving bankruptcy or insolvency; or

 

(3)           any other proceeding of any type or nature in which substantially all claims of creditors of the Company or any other Grantor are determined and any payment or distribution is or may be made on account of such claims.

 

Intellectual Property” means all “Copyrights,” “Patents” and “Trademarks,” each as defined in the Collateral Agreement.

 

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Intercreditor Agreement” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 5.03(a).

 

Joinder Agreement” means a supplement to this Agreement in the form of Annex III or Annex IV hereof required to be delivered by a Representative to the Designated Senior Representative pursuant to Section 8.09 hereof in order to include an additional Debt Facility hereunder and to become the Representative hereunder for the Senior Secured Parties or Second Priority Secured Parties, as the case may be, under such Debt Facility.

 

Lien” means, with respect to any asset, (a) any mortgage, deed of trust, lien, pledge, hypothecation, encumbrance, charge or security interest in, on or of such asset and (b) the interest of a vendor or a lessor under any conditional sale agreement, capital lease or title retention agreement (or any financing lease having substantially the same economic effect as any of the foregoing) relating to such asset.

 

New York UCC” means the Uniform Commercial Code as from time to time in effect in the State of New York.

 

Officer’s Certificate” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 8.08.

 

parent” has the meaning assigned to such term in the definition of “Subsidiary.”

 

Person” means any natural person, corporation, limited liability company, trust, joint venture, association, company, partnership, governmental authority or other entity.

 

Pledged or Controlled Collateral” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 5.05(a).

 

Proceeds” means the proceeds of any sale, collection or other liquidation of Shared Collateral and any payment or distribution made in respect of Shared Collateral in a Bankruptcy Case and any amounts received by any Senior Representative or any Senior Secured Party from a Second Priority Debt Party in respect of Shared Collateral pursuant to this Agreement.

 

Recovery” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 6.04.

 

Refinance” means, in respect of any indebtedness, to refinance, extend, renew, defease, amend, increase, modify, supplement, restructure, refund, replace or repay, or to issue other indebtedness or enter alternative financing arrangements, in exchange or replacement for such indebtedness (in whole or in part), including by adding or replacing lenders, creditors, agents, borrowers and/or guarantors, and including in each case, but not limited to, after the original instrument giving rise to such indebtedness has been terminated and including, in each case, through any credit agreement, indenture or other agreement.  “Refinanced” and “Refinancing” have correlative meanings.

 

Registered Equivalent Notes” means, with respect to any notes originally issued in a Rule 144A or other private placement transaction under the Securities Act of 1933, substantially identical notes (having the same Guarantees) issued in a dollar-for-dollar exchange therefor pursuant to an exchange offer registered with the SEC.

 

Representatives” means the Senior Representatives and the Second Priority Representatives.

 

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SEC” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission and any successor agency thereto.

 

Second Priority Class Debt” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 8.09.

 

Second Priority Class Debt Parties” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 8.09.

 

Second Priority Class Debt Representative” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 8.09.

 

Second Priority Collateral” means any “Collateral” as defined in any Second Priority Debt Document or any other assets of the Borrower or any other Grantor with respect to which a Lien is granted or purported to be granted pursuant to a Second Priority Collateral Document as security for any Second Priority Debt Obligation.

 

Second Priority Collateral Documents” means the Initial Second Priority Collateral Documents and each of the collateral agreements, security agreements and other instruments and documents executed and delivered by the Company or any Grantor for purposes of providing collateral security for any Second Priority Debt Obligation.

 

Second Priority Debt” means any Indebtedness of the Borrower or any other Grantor guaranteed by the Guarantors (and not guaranteed by any Subsidiary that is not a Guarantor), including the Initial Second Priority Debt, which Indebtedness and guarantees are secured by the Second Priority Collateral on a pari passu basis (but without regard to control of remedies, other than as provided by the terms of the applicable Second Priority Debt Documents) with any other Second Priority Debt Obligations and the applicable Second Priority Debt Documents which provide that such Indebtedness and guarantees are to be secured by such Second Priority Collateral on a subordinate basis to the Senior Debt Obligations (and which is not secured by Liens on any assets of the Borrower or any other Grantor other than the Second Priority Collateral or which are not included in the Senior Collateral); provided, however, that (i) such Indebtedness is permitted to be incurred, secured and guaranteed on such basis by each Senior Debt Document and Second Priority Debt Document and (ii) except in the case of the Initial Second Priority Debt hereunder, the Representative for the holders of such Indebtedness shall have become party to this Agreement pursuant to, and by satisfying the conditions set forth in, Section 8.09 hereof.  Second Priority Debt shall include any Registered Equivalent Notes and Guarantees thereof by the Guarantors issued in exchange therefor.

 

Second Priority Debt Documents” means the Initial Second Priority Debt Documents and, with respect to any series, issue or class of Second Priority Debt, the promissory notes, indentures, Collateral Documents or other operative agreements evidencing or governing such Indebtedness, including the Second Priority Collateral Documents.

 

Second Priority Debt Facility” means each indenture or other governing agreement with respect to any Second Priority Debt.

 

Second Priority Debt Obligations” means the Initial Second Priority Debt Obligations and, with respect to any series, issue or class of Second Priority Debt, (a) all principal of, and interest (including, without limitation, any interest which accrues after the commencement of any Bankruptcy Case, whether or not allowed or allowable as a claim in any such proceeding) payable with respect to, such Second Priority Debt, (b) all other amounts payable to the related Second Priority Debt Parties under the related Second Priority Debt Documents and (c) any renewals or extensions of the foregoing.

 

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Second Priority Debt Parties” means the Initial Second Priority Debt Parties and, with respect to any series, issue or class of Second Priority Debt, the holders of such Indebtedness, the Representative with respect thereto, any trustee or agent therefor under any related Second Priority Debt Documents and the beneficiaries of each indemnification obligation undertaken by the Borrower or any other Grantor under any related Second Priority Debt Documents.

 

Second Priority Instructing Group” means Second Priority Representatives with respect to Second Priority Debt Facilities under which at least a majority of the then aggregate amount of Second Priority Debt Obligations are outstanding.

 

Second Priority Lien” means the Liens on the Second Priority Collateral in favor of Second Priority Debt Parties under Second Priority Collateral Documents.

 

Second Priority Representative” means (i) in the case of the Initial Second Priority Debt Facility covered hereby, the Initial Second Priority Representative and (ii) in the case of any Second Priority Debt Facility and the Second Priority Debt Parties thereunder the trustee, administrative agent, collateral agent, security agent or similar agent under such Second Priority Debt Facility that is named as the Representative in respect of such Second Priority Debt Facility in the applicable Joinder Agreement.

 

Secured Obligations” means the Senior Obligations and the Second Priority Debt Obligations.

 

Secured Parties” means the Senior Secured Parties and the Second Priority Debt Parties.

 

Senior Class Debt” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 8.09.

 

Senior Class Debt Parties” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 8.09.

 

Senior Class Debt Representative” has the meaning assigned to such term in Section 8.09.

 

Senior Collateral” means any “Collateral” as defined in any Credit Agreement Loan Document or any other Senior Debt Document or any other assets of the Company or any other Grantor with respect to which a Lien is granted or purported to be granted pursuant to a Senior Collateral Document as security for any Senior Obligations.

 

Senior Collateral Documents” means the Collateral Agreement and the other “Security Documents” as defined in the Credit Agreement, the First Lien Intercreditor Agreement (upon and after the initial execution and delivery thereof by the initial parties thereto) and each of the collateral agreements, security agreements and other instruments and documents executed and delivered by Holdings, the Company or any other Grantor for purposes of providing collateral security for any Senior Obligation.

 

Senior Debt Documents” means (a) the Credit Agreement Loan Documents and (b) any Additional Senior Debt Documents.

 

Senior Facilities” means the Credit Agreement and any Additional Senior Debt Facilities.

 

Senior Lien” means the Liens on the Senior Collateral in favor of the Senior Secured Parties under the Senior Collateral Documents.

 

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Senior Obligations” means the Credit Agreement Obligations and any Additional Senior Debt Obligations.

 

Senior Representative” means (i) in the case of any Credit Agreement Obligations or the Credit Agreement Secured Parties, the Administrative Agent, (ii) in the case of any Additional Senior Debt Facility and the Additional Senior Debt Parties thereunder (including with respect to any Additional Senior Debt Facility initially covered hereby on the date of this Agreement) the trustee, administrative agent, collateral agent, security agent or similar agent under such Additional Senior Debt Facility that is named as the Representative in respect of such Additional Senior Debt Facility in the applicable Joinder Agreement.

 

Senior Secured Parties” means the Credit Agreement Secured Parties and any Additional Senior Debt Parties.

 

Shared Collateral” means, at any time, Collateral in which the holders of Senior Obligations under at least one Senior Facility and the holders of Second Priority Debt Obligations under at least one Second Priority Debt Facility (or their Representatives) hold a security interest at such time (or, in the case of the Senior Facilities, are deemed pursuant to Article II to hold a security interest).  If, at any time, any portion of the Senior Collateral under one or more Senior Facilities does not constitute Second Priority Collateral under one or more Second Priority Debt Facilities, then such portion of such Senior Collateral shall constitute Shared Collateral only with respect to the Second Priority Debt Facilities for which it constitutes Second Priority Collateral and shall not constitute Shared Collateral for any Second Priority Debt Facility which does not have a security interest in such Collateral at such time.

 

Subsidiary” with respect to any Person (the “parent”) at any date, any corporation, limited liability company, partnership, association or other entity the accounts of which would be consolidated with those of the parent in the parent’s consolidated financial statements if such financial statements were prepared in accordance with GAAP, as well as any other corporation, limited liability company, partnership, association or other entity (a) of which securities or other ownership interests representing more than 50% of the equity or more than 50% of the ordinary voting power or, in the case of a partnership, more than 50% of the general partnership interests are, as of such date, owned, controlled or held, or (b) that is, as of such date, otherwise Controlled, by the parent or one or more subsidiaries of the parent or by the parent and one or more subsidiaries of the parent.  Unless otherwise specified, all references herein to a “Subsidiary” or to “Subsidiaries” shall refer to a Subsidiary or Subsidiaries of the Company.

 

Uniform Commercial Code” or “UCC” means, unless otherwise specified, the Uniform Commercial Code as from time to time in effect in the State of New York.

 

SECTION 1.02. Terms Generally.  The definitions of terms herein shall apply equally to the singular and plural forms of the terms defined.  Whenever the context may require, any pronoun shall include the corresponding masculine, feminine and neuter forms.  The words “include,” “includes” and “including” shall be deemed to be followed by the phrase “without limitation.”  The word “will” shall be construed to have the same meaning and effect as the word “shall.”  Unless the context requires otherwise, (i) any definition of or reference to any agreement, instrument, other document, statute or regulation herein shall be construed as referring to such agreement, instrument, other document, statute or regulation as from time to time amended, supplemented or otherwise modified, (ii) any reference herein to any Person shall be construed to include such Person’s successors and assigns, but shall not be deemed to include the subsidiaries of such Person unless express reference is made to such subsidiaries, (iii) the words “herein,” “hereof” and “hereunder,” and words of similar import, shall be construed to refer to this Agreement in its entirety and not to any particular provision hereof, (iv) all references herein to Articles,

 

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Sections and Annexes shall be construed to refer to Articles, Sections and Annexes of this Agreement, (v) unless otherwise expressly qualified herein, the words “asset” and “property” shall be construed to have the same meaning and effect and to refer to any and all tangible and intangible assets and properties, including cash, securities, accounts and contract rights and (vi) the term “or” is not exclusive.

 

ARTICLE II

 

Priorities and Agreements with Respect to Shared Collateral

 

SECTION 2.01. Subordination.  (a) Notwithstanding the date, time, manner or order of filing or recordation of any document or instrument or grant, attachment or perfection of any Liens granted to any Second Priority Representative or any Second Priority Debt Parties on the Shared Collateral or of any Liens granted to any Senior Representative or any other Senior Secured Party on the Shared Collateral (or any actual or alleged defect in any of the foregoing) and notwithstanding any provision of the UCC, any applicable law, any Second Priority Debt Document or any Senior Debt Document or any other circumstance whatsoever, each Second Priority Representative, on behalf of itself and each Second Priority Debt Party under its Second Priority Debt Facility, hereby agrees that (a) any Lien on the Shared Collateral securing any Senior Obligations now or hereafter held by or on behalf of any Senior Representative or any other Senior Secured Party or other agent or trustee therefor, regardless of how acquired, whether by grant, statute, operation of law, subrogation or otherwise, shall have priority over and be senior in all respects and prior to any Lien on the Shared Collateral securing any Second Priority Debt Obligations and (b) any Lien on the Shared Collateral securing any Second Priority Debt Obligations now or hereafter held by or on behalf of any Second Priority Representative, any Second Priority Debt Parties or any Second Priority Representative or other agent or trustee therefor, regardless of how acquired, whether by grant, statute, operation of law, subrogation or otherwise, shall be junior and subordinate in all respects to all Liens on the Shared Collateral securing any Senior Obligations.  All Liens on the Shared Collateral securing any Senior Obligations shall be and remain senior in all respects and prior to all Liens on the Shared Collateral securing any Second Priority Debt Obligations for all purposes, whether or not such Liens securing any Senior Obligations are subordinated to any Lien securing any other obligation of the Company, any Grantor or any other Person or otherwise subordinated, voided, avoided, invalidated or lapsed.

 

SECTION 2.02. Nature of Senior Lender Claims.  Each Second Priority Representative, on behalf of itself and each Second Priority Debt Party under its Second Priority Debt Facility, acknowledges that (a) a portion of the Senior Obligations is revolving in nature and that the amount thereof that may be outstanding at any time or from time to time may be increased or reduced and subsequently reborrowed, (b) the terms of the Senior Debt Documents and the Senior Obligations may be amended, supplemented or otherwise modified, and the Senior Obligations, or a portion thereof, may be Refinanced from time to time and (c) the aggregate amount of the Senior Obligations may be increased, in each case, without notice to or consent by the Second Priority Representatives or the Second Priority Debt Parties and without affecting the provisions hereof.  The Lien priorities provided for in Section 2.01 shall not be altered or otherwise affected by any amendment, supplement or other modification, or any Refinancing, of either the Senior Obligations or the Second Priority Debt Obligations, or any portion thereof.  As between the Company and the other Grantors and the Second Priority Debt Parties, the foregoing provisions will not limit or otherwise affect the obligations of the Company and the Grantors contained in any Second Priority Debt Document with respect to the incurrence of additional Senior Obligations.

 

SECTION 2.03. Prohibition on Contesting Liens.  Each of the Second Priority Representatives, for itself and on behalf of each Second Priority Debt Party under its Second Priority Debt Facility, agrees that it shall not (and hereby waives any right to) contest or support any other Person

 

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in contesting, in any proceeding (including any Insolvency or Liquidation Proceeding), the validity, extent, perfection, priority or enforceability of any Lien securing any Senior Obligations held (or purported to be held) by or on behalf of any Senior Representative or any of the other Senior Secured Parties or other agent or trustee therefor in any Senior Collateral, and the Senior Representative, for itself and on behalf of each Senior Secured Party under its Senior Facility, agrees that it shall not (and hereby waives any right to) contest or support any other Person in contesting, in any proceeding (including any Insolvency or Liquidation Proceeding), the validity, extent, perfection, priority or enforceability of any Lien securing any Second Priority Debt Obligations held (or purported to be held) by or on behalf of any Second Priority Representative or any of the Second Priority Debt Parties in the Second Priority Collateral.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, no provision in this Agreement shall be construed to prevent or impair the rights of any Senior Representative to enforce this Agreement (including the priority of the Liens securing the Senior Obligations as provided in Section 2.01) or any of the Senior Debt Documents.

 

SECTION 2.04. No New Liens.  The parties hereto agree that, so long as the Discharge of Senior Obligations has not occurred, (a) none of the Grantors shall grant or permit any additional Liens on any asset or property of any Grantor to secure any Second Priority Debt Obligation unless it has granted, or concurrently therewith grants, a Lien on such asset or property of such Grantor to secure the Senior Obligations; and (b) if any Second Priority Representative or any Second Priority Debt Party shall hold any Lien on any assets or property of any Grantor securing any Second Priority Obligations that are not also subject to the first-priority Liens securing all Senior Obligations under the Senior Collateral Documents, such Second Priority Representative or Second Priority Debt Party (i) shall notify the Designated Senior Representative promptly upon becoming aware thereof and, unless such Grantor shall promptly grant a similar Lien on such assets or property to each Senior Representative as security for the Senior Obligations, shall assign such Lien to the Designated Senior Representative as security for all Senior Obligations for the benefit of the Senior Secured Parties (but may retain a junior lien on such assets or property subject to the terms hereof) and (ii) until such assignment or such grant of a similar Lien to each Senior Representative, shall be deemed to hold and have held such Lien for the benefit of each Senior Representative and the other Senior Secured Parties as security for the Senior Obligations.

 

SECTION 2.05. Perfection of Liens.  Except for the limited agreements of the Senior Representatives pursuant to Section 5.05 hereof, none of the Senior Representatives or the Senior Secured Parties shall be responsible for perfecting and maintaining the perfection of Liens with respect to the Shared Collateral for the benefit of the Second Priority Representatives or the Second Priority Debt Parties.  The provisions of this Agreement are intended solely to govern the respective Lien priorities as between the Senior Secured Parties and the Second Priority Debt Parties and shall not impose on the Senior Representatives, the Senior Secured Parties, the Second Priority Representatives, the Second Priority Debt Parties or any agent or trustee therefor any obligations in respect of the disposition of Proceeds of any Shared Collateral which would conflict with prior perfected claims therein in favor of any other Person or any order or decree of any court or governmental authority or any applicable law.

 

SECTION 2.06. Certain Cash Collateral.  Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement or any other Senior Debt Documents or Second Priority Debt Documents to the contrary, collateral consisting of cash and cash equivalents pledged to secure Credit Agreement Obligations consisting of reimbursement obligations in respect of Letters of Credit or otherwise held by the Administrative Agent pursuant to Section 2.05(j), 2.11(b) or 2.22(a)(ii) of the Credit Agreement (or any equivalent successor provision) shall be applied as specified in the Credit Agreement and will not constitute Shared Collateral.

 

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ARTICLE III

 

Enforcement

 

SECTION 3.01. Exercise of Remedies.

 

(a)                                 So long as the Discharge of Senior Obligations has not occurred, whether or not any Insolvency or Liquidation Proceeding has been commenced by or against the Company or any other Grantor, (i) neither any Second Priority Representative nor any Second Priority Debt Party will (x) exercise or seek to exercise any rights or remedies (including setoff) with respect to any Shared Collateral in respect of any Second Priority Debt Obligations, or institute any action or proceeding with respect to such rights or remedies (including any action of foreclosure), (y) contest, protest or object to any foreclosure proceeding or action brought with respect to the Shared Collateral or any other Senior Collateral by any Senior Representative or any Senior Secured Party in respect of the Senior Obligations, the exercise of any right by any Senior Representative or any Senior Secured Party (or any agent or sub-agent on their behalf) in respect of the Senior Obligations under any lockbox agreement, control agreement, landlord waiver or bailee’s letter or similar agreement or arrangement to which any Senior Representative or any Senior Secured Party either is a party or may have rights as a third party beneficiary, or any other exercise by any such party of any rights and remedies relating to the Shared Collateral under the Senior Debt Documents or otherwise in respect of the Senior Collateral or the Senior Obligations, or (z) object to the forbearance by the Senior Secured Parties from bringing or pursuing any foreclosure proceeding or action or any other exercise of any rights or remedies relating to the Shared Collateral in respect of Senior Obligations and (ii) except as otherwise provided herein, the Senior Representatives and the Senior Secured Parties shall have the exclusive right to enforce rights, exercise remedies (including setoff and the right to credit bid their debt) and make determinations regarding the release, disposition or restrictions with respect to the Shared Collateral without any consultation with or the consent of any Second Priority Representative or any Second Priority Debt Party; provided, however, that (A) in any Insolvency or Liquidation Proceeding commenced by or against the Company or any other Grantor, any Second Priority Representative may file a claim or statement of interest with respect to the Second Priority Debt Obligations under its Second Priority Debt Facility, (B) any Second Priority Representative may take any action (not adverse to the prior Liens on the Shared Collateral securing the Senior Obligations or the rights of the Senior Representatives or the Senior Secured Parties to exercise remedies in respect thereof) in order to create, prove, perfect, preserve or protect (but not enforce) its rights in, and perfection and priority of its Lien on, the Shared Collateral, (C) any Second Priority Representative and the Second Priority Secured Parties may exercise their rights and remedies as unsecured creditors, as provided in Section 5.04, and (D) any Second Priority Representative may exercise the rights and remedies provided for in Section 6.03.  In exercising rights and remedies with respect to the Senior Collateral, the Senior Representatives and the Senior Secured Parties may enforce the provisions of the Senior Debt Documents and exercise remedies thereunder, all in such order and in such manner as they may determine in the exercise of their sole discretion.  Such exercise and enforcement shall include the rights of an agent appointed by them to sell or otherwise dispose of Shared Collateral upon foreclosure, to incur expenses in connection with such sale or disposition and to exercise all the rights and remedies of a secured lender under the Uniform Commercial Code of any applicable jurisdiction and of a secured creditor under Bankruptcy Laws of any applicable jurisdiction.

 

(b)                                 So long as the Discharge of Senior Obligations has not occurred, each Second Priority Representative, on behalf of itself and each Second Priority Debt Party under its Second Priority Debt Facility, agrees that it will not, in the context of its role as secured creditor, take or receive any Shared Collateral or any Proceeds of Shared Collateral in connection with the exercise of any right or remedy (including setoff) with respect to any Shared Collateral in respect of Second Priority Debt Obligations.  Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, unless and until the Discharge of Senior Obligations has occurred, except as expressly provided in the proviso in clause (ii) of Section 3.01(a), the sole right of the Second Priority Representatives and the Second Priority Debt Parties with respect to the Shared Collateral is to hold a Lien on the Shared Collateral in respect of Second Priority Debt Obligations

 

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pursuant to the Second Priority Debt Documents for the period and to the extent granted therein and to receive a share of the Proceeds thereof, if any, after the Discharge of Senior Obligations has occurred.

 

(c)                                  Subject to the proviso in clause (ii) of Section 3.01(a), (i) each Second Priority Representative, for itself and on behalf of each Second Priority Debt Party under its Second Priority Debt Facility, agrees that neither such Second Priority Representative nor any such Second Priority Debt Party will take any action that would hinder any exercise of remedies undertaken by any Senior Representative or any Senior Secured Party with respect to the Shared Collateral under the Senior Debt Documents, including any sale, lease, exchange, transfer or other disposition of the Shared Collateral, whether by foreclosure or otherwise, and (ii) each Second Priority Representative, for itself and on behalf of each Second Priority Debt Party under its Second Priority Debt Facility, hereby waives any and all rights it or any such Second Priority Debt Party may have as a junior lien creditor or otherwise to object to the manner in which the Senior Representatives or the Senior Secured Parties seek to enforce or collect the Senior Obligations or the Liens granted on any of the Senior Collateral, regardless of whether any action or failure to act by or on behalf of any Senior Representative or any other Senior Secured Party is adverse to the interests of the Second Priority Debt Parties.

 

(d)                                 Each Second Priority Representative hereby acknowledges and agrees that no covenant, agreement or restriction contained in any Second Priority Debt Document shall be deemed to restrict in any way the rights and remedies of the Senior Representatives or the Senior Secured Parties with respect to the Senior Collateral as set forth in this Agreement and the Senior Debt Documents.

 

(e)                                  Until the Discharge of Senior Obligations, the Designated Senior Representative shall have the exclusive right to exercise any right or remedy with respect to the Shared Collateral and shall have the exclusive right to determine and direct the time, method and place for exercising such right or remedy or conducting any proceeding with respect thereto.  Following the Discharge of Senior Obligations, the Second Priority Instructing Group and the Designated Second Priority Representative shall have the exclusive right to exercise any right or remedy with respect to the Collateral, and the Second Priority Instructing Group and Designated Second Priority Representative shall have the exclusive right to direct the time, method and place of exercising or conducting any proceeding for the exercise of any right or remedy available to the Second Priority Debt Parties with respect to the Collateral, or of exercising or directing the exercise of any trust or power conferred on the Second Priority Representatives, or for the taking of any other action authorized by the Second Priority Collateral Documents; provided, however, that nothing in this Section shall impair the right of any Second Priority Representative or other agent or trustee acting on behalf of the Second Priority Debt Parties to take such actions with respect to the Collateral after the Discharge of Senior Obligations as may be otherwise required or authorized pursuant to any intercreditor agreement governing the Second Priority Debt Parties or the Second Priority Debt Obligations.

 

SECTION 3.02. Cooperation.  Subject to the proviso in clause (ii) of Section 3.01(a), each Second Priority Representative, on behalf of itself and each Second Priority Debt Party under its Second Priority Debt Facility, agrees that, unless and until the Discharge of Senior Obligations has occurred, it will not commence, or join with any Person (other than the Senior Secured Parties and the Senior Representatives upon the request of the Designated Senior Representative) in commencing, any enforcement, collection, execution, levy or foreclosure action or proceeding with respect to any Lien held by it in the Shared Collateral under any of the Second Priority Debt Documents or otherwise in respect of the Second Priority Debt Obligations.

 

SECTION 3.03. Actions upon Breach.  Should any Second Priority Representative or any Second Priority Debt Party, contrary to this Agreement, in any way take, attempt to take or threaten to take any action with respect to the Shared Collateral (including any attempt to realize upon or enforce any

 

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remedy with respect to this Agreement) or fail to take any action required by this Agreement, any Senior Representative or other Senior Secured Party (in its or their own name or in the name of the Company or any other Grantor) may obtain relief against such Second Priority Representative or such Second Priority Debt Party by injunction, specific performance or other appropriate equitable relief.  Each Second Priority Representative, on behalf of itself and each Second Priority Debt Party under its Second Priority Facility, hereby (i) agrees that the Senior Secured Parties’ damages from the actions of the Second Party Representatives or any Second Priority Debt Party may at that time be difficult to ascertain and may be irreparable and waives any defense that the Company, any other Grantor or the Senior Secured Parties cannot demonstrate damage or be made whole by the awarding of damages and (ii) irrevocably waives any defense based on the adequacy of a remedy at law and any other defense that might be asserted to bar the remedy of specific performance in any action that may be brought by any Senior Representative or any other Senior Secured Party.

 

ARTICLE IV

 

Payments

 

SECTION 4.01. Application of Proceeds.  After an event of default under any Senior Debt Document has occurred and until such event of default is cured or waived, so long as the Discharge of Senior Obligations has not occurred, the Shared Collateral or Proceeds thereof received in connection with the sale or other disposition of, or collection on, such Shared Collateral upon the exercise of remedies shall be applied by the Designated Senior Representative to the Senior Obligations in such order as specified in the relevant Senior Debt Documents until the Discharge of Senior Obligations has occurred.  Upon the Discharge of Senior Obligations, each applicable Senior Representative shall deliver promptly to the Designated Second Priority Representative any Shared Collateral or Proceeds thereof held by it in the same form as received, with any necessary endorsements, or as a court of competent jurisdiction may otherwise direct, to be applied by the Designated Second Priority Representative to the Second Priority Debt Obligations in such order as specified in the relevant Second Priority Debt Documents.

 

SECTION 4.02. Payments Over.  Any Shared Collateral or Proceeds thereof received by any Second Priority Representative or any Second Priority Debt Party in connection with the exercise of any right or remedy (including setoff) relating to the Shared Collateral in contravention of this Agreement shall be segregated and held in trust for the benefit of and forthwith paid over to the Designated Senior Representative for the benefit of the Senior Secured Parties in the same form as received, with any necessary endorsements, or as a court of competent jurisdiction may otherwise direct.  The Designated Senior Representative is hereby authorized to make any such endorsements as agent for each of the Second Priority Representatives or any such Second Priority Debt Party.  This authorization is coupled with an interest and is irrevocable.

 

ARTICLE V

 

Other Agreements

 

SECTION 5.01. Releases.

 

(a)                                 Each Second Priority Representative, for itself and on behalf of each Second Priority Debt Party under its Second Priority Debt Facility, agrees that, in the event of a sale, transfer or other disposition of any specified item of Shared Collateral (including all or substantially all of the equity interests of any subsidiary of the Company), the Liens granted to the Second Priority Representatives and the Second Priority Debt Parties upon such Shared Collateral to secure Second Priority Debt Obligations

 

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shall terminate and be released, automatically and without any further action, concurrently with the termination and release of all Liens granted upon such Shared Collateral to secure Senior Obligations.  Upon delivery to a Second Priority Representative of an Officer’s Certificate stating that any such termination and release of Liens securing the Senior Obligations has become effective (or shall become effective concurrently with such termination and release of the Liens granted to the Second Priority Debt Parties and the Second Priority Representatives) and any necessary or proper instruments of termination or release prepared by the Company or any other Grantor, such Second Priority Representative will promptly execute, deliver or acknowledge, at the Company’s or the other Grantor’s sole cost and expense, such instruments to evidence such termination and release of the Liens.  Nothing in this Section 5.01(a) will be deemed to affect any agreement of a Second Priority Representative, for itself and on behalf of the Second Priority Debt Parties under its Second Priority Debt Facility, to release the Liens on the Second Priority Collateral as set forth in the relevant Second Priority Debt Documents.

 

(b)                                 Each Second Priority Representative, for itself and on behalf of each Second Priority Debt Party under its Second Priority Debt Facility, hereby irrevocably constitutes and appoints the Designated Senior Representative and any officer or agent of the Designated Senior Representative, with full power of substitution, as its true and lawful attorney-in-fact with full irrevocable power and authority in the place and stead of such Second Priority Representative or such Second Priority Debt Party or in the Designated Senior Representative’s own name, from time to time in the Designated Senior Representative’s discretion, for the purpose of carrying out the terms of Section 5.01(a), to take any and all appropriate action and to execute any and all documents and instruments that may be necessary or desirable to accomplish the purposes of Section 5.01(a), including any termination statements, endorsements or other instruments of transfer or release.

 

(c)                                  Unless and until the Discharge of Senior Obligations has occurred, each Second Priority Representative, for itself and on behalf of each Second Priority Debt Party under its Second Priority Debt Facility, hereby consents to the application, whether prior to or after an event of default under any Senior Debt Document of proceeds of Shared Collateral to the repayment of Senior Obligations pursuant to the Senior Debt Documents, provided that nothing in this Section 5.01(c) shall be construed to prevent or impair the rights of the Second Priority Representatives or the Second Priority Debt Parties to receive proceeds in connection with the Second Priority Debt Obligations not otherwise in contravention of this Agreement.

 

(d)                                 Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in any Second Priority Collateral Document, in the event the terms of a Senior Collateral Document and a Second Priority Collateral Document each require any Grantor (i) to make payment in respect of any item of Shared Collateral to, (ii) to deliver or afford control over any item of Shared Collateral to, or deposit any item of Shared Collateral with, (iii) to register ownership of any item of Shared Collateral in the name of or make an assignment of ownership of any Shared Collateral or the rights thereunder to, (iv) cause any securities intermediary, commodity intermediary or other Person acting in a similar capacity to agree to comply, in respect of any item of Shared Collateral, with instructions or orders from, or to treat, in respect of any item of Shared Collateral, as the entitlement holder, (v) hold any item of Shared Collateral in trust for (to the extent such item of Shared Collateral cannot be held in trust for multiple parties under applicable law), (vi) obtain the agreement of a bailee or other third party to hold any item of Shared Collateral for the benefit of or subject to the control of or, in respect of any item of Shared Collateral, to follow the instructions of or (vii) obtain the agreement of a landlord with respect to access to leased premises where any item of Shared Collateral is located or waivers or subordination of rights with respect to any item of Shared Collateral in favor of, in any case, both the Designated Senior Representative and any Second Priority Representative or Second Priority Debt Party, such Grantor may, until the applicable Discharge of Senior Obligations has occurred, comply with such requirement under the Second Priority Collateral

 

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Document as it relates to such Shared Collateral by taking any of the actions set forth above only with respect to, or in favor of, the Designated Senior Representative.

 

SECTION 5.02. Insurance and Condemnation Awards.  Unless and until the Discharge of Senior Obligations has occurred, the Designated Senior Representative and the Senior Secured Parties shall have the sole and exclusive right, subject to the rights of the Grantors under the Senior Debt Documents, (a) to be named as additional insured and loss payee under any insurance policies maintained from time to time by any Grantor, (b) to adjust settlement for any insurance policy covering the Shared Collateral in the event of any loss thereunder and (c) to approve any award granted in any condemnation or similar proceeding affecting the Shared Collateral.  Unless and until the Discharge of Senior Obligations has occurred, all proceeds of any such policy and any such award, if in respect of the Shared Collateral, shall be paid (i) first, prior to the occurrence of the Discharge of Senior Obligations, to the Designated Senior Representative for the benefit of Senior Secured Parties pursuant to the terms of the Senior Debt Documents, (ii) second, after the occurrence of the Discharge of Senior Obligations, to the Designated Second Priority Representative for the benefit of the Second Priority Debt Parties pursuant to the terms of the applicable Second Priority Debt Documents and (iii) third, if no Second Priority Debt Obligations are outstanding, to the owner of the subject property, such other Person as may be entitled thereto or as a court of competent jurisdiction may otherwise direct.  If any Second Priority Representative or any Second Priority Debt Party shall, at any time, receive any proceeds of any such insurance policy or any such award in contravention of this Agreement, it shall pay such proceeds over to the Designated Senior Representative in accordance with the terms of Section 4.02.

 

SECTION 5.03. Amendments to Second Priority Collateral Documents.

 

(a)                                 Except to the extent not prohibited by any Senior Debt Document, no Second Priority Collateral Document may be amended, supplemented or otherwise modified or entered into to the extent such amendment, supplement or modification, or the terms of any new Second Priority Collateral Document, would be prohibited by or inconsistent with any of the terms of this Agreement.  The Company agrees to deliver to the Designated Senior Representative copies of (i) any amendments, supplements or other modifications to the Second Priority Collateral Documents and (ii) any new Second Priority Collateral Documents promptly after effectiveness thereof.  Each Second Priority Representative, for itself and on behalf of each Second Priority Debt Party under its Second Priority Debt Facility, agrees that each Second Priority Collateral Document under its Second Priority Debt Facility shall include the following language (or language to similar effect reasonably approved by the Designated Senior Representative):

 

“Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, (i) the liens and security interests granted to the [Second Priority Representative] pursuant to this Agreement are expressly subject and subordinate to the liens and security interests granted in favor of the Senior Secured Parties (as defined in the Intercreditor Agreement referred to below), including liens and security interests granted to Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, as administrative agent, pursuant to or in connection with the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of November 8, 2013 (as amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time), among VIRTU FINANCIAL LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, VFH Parent LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, the lenders from time to time party thereto and Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, as administrative agent, and the other parties thereto, and (ii) the exercise of any right or remedy by the [Second Priority Representative] hereunder is subject to the limitations and provisions of the Intercreditor Agreement dated as of [ ], 20[ ] (as amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Intercreditor Agreement”), among Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, as

 

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Administrative Agent, [                                            ] and its subsidiaries and affiliated entities party thereto.  In the event of any conflict between the terms of the Intercreditor Agreement and the terms of this Agreement, the terms of the Intercreditor Agreement shall govern.”

 

(b)                                 In the event that each applicable Senior Representative and/or the Senior Secured Parties enter into any amendment, waiver or consent in respect of any of the Senior Collateral Documents for the purpose of adding to or deleting from, or waiving or consenting to any departures from any provisions of, any Senior Collateral Document or changing in any manner the rights of the Senior Representatives, the Senior Secured Parties, the Company or any other Grantor thereunder (including the release of any Liens in Senior Collateral) in a manner that is applicable to all Senior Facilities, then such amendment, waiver or consent shall apply automatically to any comparable provision of each comparable Second Priority Collateral Document without the consent of any Second Priority Representative or any Second Priority Debt Party and without any action by any Second Priority Representative, the Company or any other Grantor; provided, however, that written notice of such amendment, waiver or consent shall have been given to each Second Priority Representative within 10 Business Days after the effectiveness of such amendment, waiver or consent.

 

SECTION 5.04. Rights as Unsecured Creditors.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, the Second Priority Representatives and the Second Priority Debt Parties may exercise rights and remedies as unsecured creditors against the Company and any other Grantor in accordance with the terms of the Second Priority Debt Documents and applicable law so long as such rights and remedies do not violate any express provision of this Agreement.  Nothing in this Agreement shall prohibit the receipt by any Second Priority Representative or any Second Priority Debt Party of the required payments of principal, premium, interest, fees and other amounts due under the Second Priority Debt Documents so long as such receipt is not the direct or indirect result of the exercise by a Second Priority Representative or any Second Priority Debt Party of rights or remedies as a secured creditor in respect of Shared Collateral.  In the event any Second Priority Representative or any Second Priority Debt Party becomes a judgment lien creditor in respect of Shared Collateral as a result of its enforcement of its rights as an unsecured creditor in respect of Second Priority Debt Obligations, such judgment lien shall be subordinated to the Liens securing Senior Obligations on the same basis as the other Liens securing the Second Priority Debt Obligations are so subordinated to such Liens securing Senior Obligations under this Agreement.  Nothing in this Agreement shall impair or otherwise adversely affect any rights or remedies the Senior Representatives or the Senior Secured Parties may have with respect to the Senior Collateral.

 

SECTION 5.05. Gratuitous Bailee for Perfection.

 

(a)                                 Each Senior Representative acknowledges and agrees that if it shall at any time hold a Lien securing any Senior Obligations on any Shared Collateral that can be perfected by the possession or control of such Shared Collateral or of any account in which such Shared Collateral is held, and if such Shared Collateral or any such account is in fact in the possession or under the control of such Senior Representative, or of agents or bailees of such Person (such Shared Collateral being referred to herein as the “Pledged or Controlled Collateral”), or if it shall at any time obtain any landlord waiver or bailee’s letter or any similar agreement or arrangement granting it rights or access to Shared Collateral, the applicable Senior Representative shall also hold such Pledged or Controlled Collateral, or take such actions with respect to such landlord waiver, bailee’s letter or similar agreement or arrangement, as subagent or gratuitous bailee for the relevant Second Priority Representatives, in each case solely for the purpose of perfecting the Liens granted under the relevant Second Priority Collateral Documents and subject to the terms and conditions of this Section 5.05.

 

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(b)                                 In the event that any Senior Representative (or its agents or bailees) has Lien filings against Intellectual Property that is part of the Shared Collateral that are necessary for the perfection of Liens in such Shared Collateral, such Senior Representative agrees to hold such Liens as sub-agent and gratuitous bailee for the relevant Second Priority Representatives and any assignee thereof, solely for the purpose of perfecting the security interest granted in such Liens pursuant to the relevant Second Priority Collateral Documents, subject to the terms and conditions of this Section 5.05.

 

(c)                                  Except as otherwise specifically provided herein, until the Discharge of Senior Obligations has occurred, the Senior Representatives and the Senior Secured Parties shall be entitled to deal with the Pledged or Controlled Collateral in accordance with the terms of the Senior Debt Documents as if the Liens under the Second Priority Collateral Documents did not exist.  The rights of the Second Priority Representatives and the Second Priority Debt Parties with respect to the Pledged or Controlled Collateral shall at all times be subject to the terms of this Agreement.

 

(d)                                 The Senior Representatives and the Senior Secured Parties shall have no obligation whatsoever to the Second Priority Representatives or any Second Priority Debt Party to assure that any of the Pledged or Controlled Collateral is genuine or owned by the Grantors or to protect or preserve rights or benefits of any Person or any rights pertaining to the Shared Collateral, except as expressly set forth in this Section 5.05.  The duties or responsibilities of the Senior Representatives under this Section 5.05 shall be limited solely to holding or controlling the Shared Collateral and the related Liens referred to in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this Section 5.05 as sub-agent and gratuitous bailee for the relevant Second Priority Representative for purposes of perfecting the Lien held by such Second Priority Representative.

 

(e)                                  The Senior Representatives shall not have by reason of the Second Priority Collateral Documents or this Agreement, or any other document, a fiduciary relationship in respect of any Second Priority Representative or any Second Priority Debt Party, and each Second Priority Representative, for itself and on behalf of each Second Priority Debt Party under its Second Priority Debt Facility, hereby waives and releases the Senior Representatives from all claims and liabilities arising pursuant to the Senior Representatives’ roles under this Section 5.05 as sub-agents and gratuitous bailees with respect to the Shared Collateral.

 

(f)                                   Upon the Discharge of Senior Obligations, each applicable Senior Representative shall, at the Grantors’ sole cost and expense, (i) (A) deliver to the Designated Second Priority Representative, to the extent that it is legally permitted to do so, all Shared Collateral, including all proceeds thereof, held or controlled by such Senior Representative or any of its agents or bailees, including the transfer of possession and control, as applicable, of the Pledged or Controlled Collateral, together with any necessary endorsements and notices to depositary banks, securities intermediaries and commodities intermediaries, and assign its rights under any landlord waiver or bailee’s letter or any similar agreement or arrangement granting it rights or access to Shared Collateral, or (B) direct and deliver such Shared Collateral as a court of competent jurisdiction may otherwise direct, (ii) notify any applicable insurance carrier that it is no longer entitled to be a loss payee or additional insured under the insurance policies of any Grantor issued by such insurance carrier and (iii) notify any governmental authority involved in any condemnation or similar proceeding involving any Grantor that the Designated Second Party Representative is entitled to approve any awards granted in such proceeding.  The Company and the other Grantors shall take such further action as is required to effectuate the transfer contemplated hereby and shall indemnify each Senior Representative for loss or damage suffered by such Senior Representative as a result of such transfer, except for loss or damage suffered by any such Person as a result of its own willful misconduct, gross negligence or bad faith.  The Senior Representatives have no obligations to follow instructions from any Second Priority Representative or any other Second Priority Debt Party in contravention of this Agreement.

 

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(g)                                  None of the Senior Representatives nor any of the other Senior Secured Parties shall be required to marshal any present or future collateral security for any obligations of the Company or any Subsidiary to any Senior Representative or any Senior Secured Party under the Senior Debt Documents or any assurance of payment in respect thereof, or to resort to such collateral security or other assurances of payment in any particular order, and all of their rights in respect of such collateral security or any assurance of payment in respect thereof shall be cumulative and in addition to all other rights, however existing or arising.

 

SECTION 5.06. When Discharge of Senior Obligations is Deemed Not to Have Occurred.  If, at any time after the Discharge of Senior Obligations has occurred, the Company or any Subsidiary incurs any Senior Obligations (other than in respect of the payment of indemnities surviving the Discharge of Senior Obligations), then such Discharge of Senior Obligations shall automatically be deemed not to have occurred for all purposes of this Agreement (other than with respect to any actions taken prior to the date of such designation as a result of the occurrence of such first Discharge of Senior Obligations) and the applicable agreement governing such Senior Obligations shall automatically be treated as a Senior Debt Document for all purposes of this Agreement, including for purposes of the Lien priorities and rights in respect of Shared Collateral set forth herein and the agent, representative or trustee for the holders of such Senior Obligations shall be the Senior Representative for all purposes of this Agreement.  Upon receipt of notice of such incurrence (including the identity of the new Senior Representative), each Second Priority Representative (including the Designated Second Priority Representative) shall promptly (a) enter into such documents and agreements (at the expense of the Company), including amendments or supplements to this Agreement, as the Company or such new Senior Representative shall reasonably request in writing in order to provide the new Senior Representative the rights of a Senior Representative contemplated hereby, (b) deliver to such Senior Representative, to the extent that it is legally permitted to do so, all Shared Collateral, including all proceeds thereof, held or controlled by such Second Priority Representative or any of its agents or bailees, including the transfer of possession and control, as applicable, of the Pledged or Controlled Collateral, together with any necessary endorsements and notices to depositary banks, securities intermediaries and commodities intermediaries, and assign its rights under any landlord waiver or bailee’s letter or any similar agreement or arrangement granting it rights or access to Shared Collateral, (c) notify any applicable insurance carrier that it is no longer entitled to be a loss payee or additional insured under the insurance policies of any Grantor issued by such insurance carrier and (d) notify any governmental authority involved in any condemnation or similar proceeding involving a Grantor that the new Senior Representative is entitled to approve any awards granted in such proceeding.

 

ARTICLE VI

 

Insolvency or Liquidation Proceedings

 

SECTION 6.01. Financing Issues.  Until the Discharge of Senior Obligations has occurred, if the Company or any other Grantor shall be subject to any Insolvency or Liquidation Proceeding and any Senior Representative or any Senior Secured Party shall desire to consent (or not object) to the sale, use or lease of cash or other collateral or to consent (or not object) to the Company’s or any other Grantor’s obtaining financing under Section 363 or Section 364 of Title 11 of the United States Code or any similar provision of any other Bankruptcy Law (“DIP Financing”), then each Second Priority Representative, for itself and on behalf of each Second Priority Debt Party under its Second Priority Debt Facility, agrees that it will raise no (a) objection to and will not otherwise contest such sale, use or lease of such cash or other collateral or such DIP Financing and, except to the extent permitted by the proviso in clause (ii) of Section 3.01(a) and Section 6.03, will not request adequate protection or any other relief in connection therewith and, to the extent the Liens securing any Senior Obligations are subordinated or pari passu with such DIP Financing, will subordinate (and will be deemed hereunder to have

 

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subordinated) its Liens in the Shared Collateral to (x) such DIP Financing (and all obligations relating thereto) on the same basis as the Liens securing the Second Priority Debt Obligations are so subordinated to Liens securing Senior Obligations under this Agreement and (y) to any “carve-out” for professional and United States Trustee fees agreed to by the Senior Representatives, (b) objection to (and will not otherwise contest) any motion for relief from the automatic stay or from any injunction against foreclosure or enforcement in respect of Senior Obligations made by any Senior Representative or any other Senior Secured Party, (c) objection to (and will not otherwise contest) any lawful exercise by any Senior Secured Party of the right to credit bid Senior Obligations at any sale in foreclosure of Senior Collateral, (d) objection to (and will not otherwise contest) any other request for judicial relief made in any court by any Senior Secured Party relating to the lawful enforcement of any Lien on Senior Collateral or (e) objection to (and will not otherwise contest or oppose) any order relating to a sale or other disposition of assets of any Grantor for which any Senior Representative has consented that provides, to the extent such sale or other disposition is to be free and clear of Liens, that the Liens securing the Senior Obligations and the Second Priority Debt Obligations will attach to the proceeds of the sale on the same basis of priority as the Liens on the Shared Collateral securing the Senior Obligations rank to the Liens on the Shared Collateral securing the Second Priority Debt Obligations pursuant to this Agreement.  Each Second Priority Representative, for itself and on behalf of each Second Priority Debt Party under its Second Priority Debt Facility, agrees that notice received two Business Days prior to the entry of an order approving such usage of cash or other collateral or approving such financing shall be adequate notice.

 

SECTION 6.02. Relief from the Automatic Stay.  Until the Discharge of Senior Obligations has occurred, each Second Priority Representative, for itself and on behalf of each Second Priority Debt Party under its Second Priority Debt Facility, agrees that none of them shall seek relief from the automatic stay or any other stay in any Insolvency or Liquidation Proceeding or take any action in derogation thereof, in each case in respect of any Shared Collateral, without the prior written consent of the Designated Senior Representative.

 

SECTION 6.03. Adequate Protection.  Each Second Priority Representative, for itself and on behalf of each Second Priority Debt Party under its Second Priority Debt Facility, agrees that none of them shall object, contest or support any other Person objecting to or contesting (a) any request by any Senior Representative or any Senior Secured Parties for adequate protection, (b) any objection by any Senior Representative or any Senior Secured Parties to any motion, relief, action or proceeding based on any Senior Representative’s or Senior Secured Party’s claiming a lack of adequate protection or (c) the payment of interest, fees, expenses or other amounts of any Senior Representative or any other Senior Secured Party under Section 506(b) or 506(c) of Title 11 of the United States Code or any similar provision of any other Bankruptcy Law.  Notwithstanding anything contained in this Section 6.03 or in Section 6.01, in any Insolvency or Liquidation Proceeding, (i) if the Senior Secured Parties (or any subset thereof) are granted adequate protection in the form of additional collateral in connection with any DIP Financing or use of cash collateral under Section 363 or 364 of Title 11 of the United States Code or any similar provision of any other Bankruptcy Law and the Senior Representatives and the other Senior Secured Parties do not object to the adequate protection being provided to the Senior Secured Parties, then each Second Priority Representative, for itself and on behalf of each Second Priority Debt Party under its Second Priority Debt Facility, may seek or request adequate protection in the form of a replacement Lien on such additional collateral, which Lien is subordinated to the Liens securing all Senior Obligations and such DIP Financing (and all obligations relating thereto) on the same basis as the other Liens securing the Second Priority Debt Obligations are so subordinated to the Liens securing Senior Obligations under this Agreement and (ii) in the event any Second Priority Representatives, for themselves and on behalf of the Second Priority Debt Parties under their Second Priority Debt Facilities, seek or request adequate protection and such adequate protection is granted in the form of additional collateral, then such Second Priority Representatives, for themselves and on behalf of each Second Priority Debt Party under their Second Priority Debt Facilities, agree that each Senior Representative shall

 

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also be granted a senior Lien on such additional collateral as security for the Senior Obligations and any such DIP Financing and that any Lien on such additional collateral securing the Second Priority Debt Obligations shall be subordinated to the Liens on such collateral securing the Senior Obligations and any such DIP Financing (and all obligations relating thereto) and any other Liens granted to the Senior Secured Parties as adequate protection on the same basis as the other Liens securing the Second Priority Debt Obligations are so subordinated to such Liens securing Senior Obligations under this Agreement.

 

SECTION 6.04. Preference Issues.  If any Senior Secured Party is required in any Insolvency or Liquidation Proceeding or otherwise to disgorge, turn over or otherwise pay any amount to the estate of the Company or any other Grantor (or any trustee, receiver or similar Person therefor), because the payment of such amount was declared to be fraudulent or preferential in any respect or for any other reason, any amount (a “Recovery”), whether received as proceeds of security, enforcement of any right of setoff or otherwise, then the Senior Obligations shall be reinstated to the extent of such Recovery and deemed to be outstanding as if such payment had not occurred and the Senior Secured Parties shall be entitled to the benefits of this Agreement until a Discharge of Senior Obligations with respect to all such recovered amounts.  If this Agreement shall have been terminated prior to such Recovery, this Agreement shall be reinstated in full force and effect, and such prior termination shall not diminish, release, discharge, impair or otherwise affect the obligations of the parties hereto.  Each Second Priority Representative, for itself and on behalf of each Second Priority Debt Party under its Second Priority Debt Facility, hereby agrees that none of them shall be entitled to benefit from any avoidance action affecting or otherwise relating to any distribution or allocation made in accordance with this Agreement, whether by preference or otherwise, it being understood and agreed that the benefit of such avoidance action otherwise allocable to them shall instead be allocated and turned over for application in accordance with the priorities set forth in this Agreement.

 

SECTION 6.05. Separate Grants of Security and Separate Classifications.  Each Second Priority Representative, for itself and on behalf of each Second Priority Debt Party under its Second Priority Debt Facility, acknowledges and agrees that (a) the grants of Liens pursuant to the Senior Collateral Documents and the Second Priority Collateral Documents constitute separate and distinct grants of Liens and (b) because of, among other things, their differing rights in the Shared Collateral, the Second Priority Debt Obligations are fundamentally different from the Senior Obligations and must be separately classified in any plan of reorganization proposed or adopted in an Insolvency or Liquidation Proceeding.  To further effectuate the intent of the parties as provided in the immediately preceding sentence, if it is held that any claims of the Senior Secured Parties and the Second Priority Debt Parties in respect of the Shared Collateral constitute a single class of claims (rather than separate classes of senior and junior secured claims), then each Second Priority Representative, for itself and on behalf of each Second Priority Debt Party under its Second Priority Debt Facility, hereby acknowledges and agrees that all distributions shall be made as if there were separate classes of senior and junior secured claims against the Grantors in respect of the Shared Collateral (with the effect being that, to the extent that the aggregate value of the Shared Collateral is sufficient (for this purpose ignoring all claims held by the Second Priority Debt Parties), the Senior Secured Parties shall be entitled to receive, in addition to amounts distributed to them in respect of principal, pre-petition interest and other claims, all amounts owing in respect of post-petition interest (whether or not allowed or allowable) before any distribution is made in respect of the Second Priority Debt Obligations, with each Second Priority Representative, for itself and on behalf of each Second Priority Debt Party under its Second Priority Debt Facility, hereby acknowledging and agreeing to turn over to the Designated Senior Representative amounts otherwise received or receivable by them to the extent necessary to effectuate the intent of this sentence, even if such turnover has the effect of reducing the claim or recovery of the Second Priority Debt Parties.

 

SECTION 6.06. No Waivers of Rights of Senior Secured Parties.  Nothing contained herein shall, except as expressly provided herein, prohibit or in any way limit any Senior Representative

 

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or any other Senior Secured Party from objecting in any Insolvency or Liquidation Proceeding or otherwise to any action taken by any Second Priority Debt Party, including the seeking by any Second Priority Debt Party of adequate protection or the asserting by any Second Priority Debt Party of any of its rights and remedies under the Second Priority Debt Documents or otherwise.

 

SECTION 6.07. Application.  This Agreement, which the parties hereto expressly acknowledge is a “subordination agreement” under Section 510(a) of Title 11 of the United States Code or any similar provision of any other Bankruptcy Law, shall be effective before, during and after the commencement of any Insolvency or Liquidation Proceeding.  The relative rights as to the Shared Collateral and proceeds thereof shall continue after the commencement of any Insolvency or Liquidation Proceeding on the same basis as prior to the date of the petition therefor, subject to any court order approving the financing of, or use of cash collateral by, any Grantor.  All references herein to any Grantor shall include such Grantor as a debtor-in-possession and any receiver or trustee for such Grantor.

 

SECTION 6.08. Other Matters.  To the extent that any Second Priority Representative or any Second Priority Debt Party has or acquires rights under Section 363 or Section 364 of Title 11 of the United States Code or any similar provision of any other Bankruptcy Law with respect to any of the Shared Collateral, such Second Priority Representative, on behalf of itself and each Second Priority Debt Party under its Second Priority Debt Facility, agrees not to assert any such rights without the prior written consent of each Senior Representative, provided that if requested by any Senior Representative, such Second Priority Representative shall timely exercise such rights in the manner requested by the Senior Representatives (acting unanimously), including any rights to payments in respect of such rights.

 

SECTION 6.09. 506(c) Claims.  Until the Discharge of Senior Obligations has occurred, each Second Priority Representative, on behalf of itself and each Second Priority Debt Party under its Second Priority Debt Facility, agrees that it will not assert or enforce any claim under Section 506(c) of Title 11 of the United States Code or any similar provision of any other Bankruptcy Law senior to or on a parity with the Liens securing the Senior Obligations for costs or expenses of preserving or disposing of any Shared Collateral.

 

SECTION 6.10. Reorganization Securities.  If, in any Insolvency or Liquidation Proceeding, debt obligations of the reorganized debtor secured by Liens upon any property of the reorganized debtor are distributed, pursuant to a plan of reorganization or similar dispositive restructuring plan, on account of both the Senior Obligations and the Second Priority Debt Obligations, then, to the extent the debt obligations distributed on account of the Senior Obligations and on account of the Second Priority Debt Obligations are secured by Liens upon the same assets or property, the provisions of this Agreement will survive the distribution of such debt obligations pursuant to such plan and will apply with like effect to the Liens securing such debt obligations.

 

ARTICLE VII

 

Reliance; etc.

 

SECTION 7.01. Reliance.  The consent by the Senior Secured Parties to the execution and delivery of the Second Priority Debt Documents to which the Senior Secured Parties have consented and all loans and other extensions of credit made or deemed made on and after the date hereof by the Senior Secured Parties to the Company or any Subsidiary shall be deemed to have been given and made in reliance upon this Agreement.  Each Second Priority Representative, on behalf of itself and each Second Priority Debt Party under its Second Priority Debt Facility, acknowledges that it and such Second Priority Debt Parties have, independently and without reliance on any Senior Representative or other Senior Secured Party, and based on documents and information deemed by them appropriate, made their

 

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own credit analysis and decision to enter into the Second Priority Debt Documents to which they are party or by which they are bound, this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, and they will continue to make their own credit decision in taking or not taking any action under the Second Priority Debt Documents or this Agreement.

 

SECTION 7.02. No Warranties or Liability.  Each Second Priority Representative, on behalf of itself and each Second Priority Debt Party under its Second Priority Debt Facility, acknowledges and agrees that neither any Senior Representative nor any other Senior Secured Party has made any express or implied representation or warranty, including with respect to the execution, validity, legality, completeness, collectibility or enforceability of any of the Senior Debt Documents, the ownership of any Shared Collateral or the perfection or priority of any Liens thereon.  The Senior Secured Parties will be entitled to manage and supervise their respective loans and extensions of credit under the Senior Debt Documents in accordance with law and as they may otherwise, in their sole discretion, deem appropriate, and the Senior Secured Parties may manage their loans and extensions of credit without regard to any rights or interests that the Second Priority Representatives and the Second Priority Debt Parties have in the Shared Collateral or otherwise, except as otherwise provided in this Agreement.  Neither any Senior Representative nor any other Senior Secured Party shall have any duty to any Second Priority Representative or Second Priority Debt Party to act or refrain from acting in a manner that allows, or results in, the occurrence or continuance of an event of default or default under any agreement with the Company or any Subsidiary (including the Second Priority Debt Documents), regardless of any knowledge thereof that they may have or be charged with.  Except as expressly set forth in this Agreement, the Senior Representatives, the Senior Secured Parties, the Second Priority Representatives and the Second Priority Debt Parties have not otherwise made to each other, nor do they hereby make to each other, any warranties, express or implied, nor do they assume any liability to each other with respect to (a) the enforceability, validity, value or collectibility of any of the Senior Obligations, the Second Priority Debt Obligations or any guarantee or security which may have been granted to any of them in connection therewith, (b) any Grantor’s title to or right to transfer any of the Shared Collateral or (c) any other matter except as expressly set forth in this Agreement.

 

SECTION 7.03. Obligations Unconditional.  All rights, interests, agreements and obligations of the Senior Representatives, the Senior Secured Parties, the Second Priority Representatives and the Second Priority Debt Parties hereunder shall remain in full force and effect irrespective of:

 

(a)                                 any lack of validity or enforceability of any Senior Debt Document or any Second Priority Debt Document;

 

(b)                                 any change in the time, manner or place of payment of, or in any other terms of, all or any of the Senior Obligations or Second Priority Debt Obligations, or any amendment or waiver or other modification, including any increase in the amount thereof, whether by course of conduct or otherwise, of the terms of the Credit Agreement or any other Senior Debt Document or of the terms of any Second Priority Debt Document;

 

(c)                                  any exchange of any security interest in any Shared Collateral or any other collateral or any amendment, waiver or other modification, whether in writing or by course of conduct or otherwise, of all or any of the Senior Obligations or Second Priority Debt Obligations or any guarantee thereof;

 

(d)                                 the commencement of any Insolvency or Liquidation Proceeding in respect of the Company or any other Grantor; or

 

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(e)                                  any other circumstances that otherwise might constitute a defense available to, or a discharge of, (i) the Company or any other Grantor in respect of the Senior Obligations or (ii) any Second Priority Representative or Second Priority Debt Party in respect of this Agreement.

 

ARTICLE VIII

 

Miscellaneous

 

SECTION 8.01. Conflicts.  Subject to Section 8.18, in the event of any conflict between the provisions of this Agreement and the provisions of any Senior Debt Document or any Second Priority Debt Document, the provisions of this Agreement shall govern.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, the relative rights and obligations of the Senior Secured Collateral Agent, the Senior Representatives and the Senior Secured Parties (as amongst themselves) with respect to any Senior Collateral shall be governed by the terms of the First Lien Intercreditor Agreement and in the event of any conflict between the First Lien Intercreditor Agreement and this Agreement, the provisions of the First Lien Intercreditor Agreement shall control.

 

SECTION 8.02. Continuing Nature of this Agreement; Severability.  Subject to Section 6.04, this Agreement shall continue to be effective until the Discharge of Senior Obligations shall have occurred.  This is a continuing agreement of Lien subordination, and the Senior Secured Parties may continue, at any time and without notice to the Second Priority Representatives or any Second Priority Debt Party, to extend credit and other financial accommodations and lend monies to or for the benefit of the Company or any Subsidiary constituting Senior Obligations in reliance hereon.  The terms of this Agreement shall survive and continue in full force and effect in any Insolvency or Liquidation Proceeding.  Any provision of this Agreement that is prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall not invalidate the remaining provisions hereof, and any such prohibition or unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction.  The parties shall endeavor in good-faith negotiations to replace the invalid, illegal or unenforceable provisions with valid provisions the economic effect of which comes as close as possible to that of the invalid, illegal or unenforceable provisions.

 

SECTION 8.03. Amendments; Waivers.

 

(a)                                 No failure or delay on the part of any party hereto in exercising any right or power hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any such right or power, or any abandonment or discontinuance of steps to enforce such a right or power, preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right or power.  The rights and remedies of the parties hereto are cumulative and are not exclusive of any rights or remedies that they would otherwise have.  No waiver of any provision of this Agreement or consent to any departure by any party therefrom shall in any event be effective unless the same shall be permitted by paragraph (b) of this Section, and then such waiver or consent shall be effective only in the specific instance and for the purpose for which given.  No notice or demand on any party hereto in any case shall entitle such party to any other or further notice or demand in similar or other circumstances.

 

(b)                                 This Agreement may be amended in writing signed by each Representative (in each case, acting in accordance with the documents governing the applicable Debt Facility); provided that any such amendment, supplement or waiver which by the terms of this Agreement requires the Company’s consent or which increases the obligations or reduces the rights of the Company or any Grantor, shall require the consent of the Company.  Any such amendment, supplement or waiver shall be in writing and shall be binding upon the Senior Secured Parties and the Second Priority Debt Parties and their respective successors and assigns.

 

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(c)                                  Notwithstanding the foregoing, without the consent of any Secured Party, any Representative may become a party hereto by execution and delivery of a Joinder Agreement in accordance with Section 8.09 of this Agreement and upon such execution and delivery, such Representative and the Secured Parties and Senior Obligations or Second Priority Debt Obligations of the Debt Facility for which such Representative is acting shall be subject to the terms hereof.

 

SECTION 8.04. Information Concerning the Financial Condition of the Company and the Subsidiaries.  The Senior Representatives, the Senior Secured Parties, the Second Priority Representatives and the Second Priority Secured Parties shall each be responsible for keeping themselves informed of (a) the financial condition of the Company and the Subsidiaries and all endorsers or guarantors of the Senior Obligations or the Second Priority Debt Obligations and (b) all other circumstances bearing upon the risk of nonpayment of the Senior Obligations or the Second Priority Debt Obligations.  The Senior Representatives, the Senior Secured Parties, the Second Priority Representatives and the Second Priority Secured Parties shall have no duty to advise any other party hereunder of information known to it or them regarding such condition or any such circumstances or otherwise.  In the event that any Senior Representative, any Senior Secured Party, any Second Priority Representative or any Second Priority Debt Party, in its sole discretion, undertakes at any time or from time to time to provide any such information to any other party, it shall be under no obligation to (i) make, and the Senior Representatives, the Senior Secured Parties, the Second Priority Representatives and the Second Priority Debt Parties shall not make or be deemed to have made, any express or implied representation or warranty, including with respect to the accuracy, completeness, truthfulness or validity of any such information so provided, (ii) provide any additional information or to provide any such information on any subsequent occasion, (iii) undertake any investigation or (iv) disclose any information that, pursuant to accepted or reasonable commercial finance practices, such party wishes to maintain confidential or is otherwise required to maintain confidential.

 

SECTION 8.05. Subrogation.  Each Second Priority Representative, on behalf of itself and each Second Priority Debt Party under its Second Priority Debt Facility, hereby waives any rights of subrogation it may acquire as a result of any payment hereunder until the Discharge of Senior Obligations has occurred.

 

SECTION 8.06. Application of Payments.  Except as otherwise provided herein, all payments received by the Senior Secured Parties may be applied, reversed and reapplied, in whole or in part, to such part of the Senior Obligations as the Senior Secured Parties, in their sole discretion, deem appropriate, consistent with the terms of the Senior Debt Documents.  Except as otherwise provided herein, each Second Priority Representative, on behalf of itself and each Second Priority Debt Party under its Second Priority Debt Facility, assents to any such extension or postponement of the time of payment of the Senior Obligations or any part thereof and to any other indulgence with respect thereto, to any substitution, exchange or release of any security that may at any time secure any part of the Senior Obligations and to the addition or release of any other Person primarily or secondarily liable therefor.

 

SECTION 8.07. Additional Grantors.  The Company agrees that, if any Subsidiary shall become a Grantor after the date hereof, it will promptly cause such Subsidiary to become party hereto by executing and delivering an instrument in the form of Annex II.  Upon such execution and delivery, such Subsidiary will become a Grantor hereunder with the same force and effect as if originally named as a Grantor herein.  The execution and delivery of such instrument shall not require the consent of any other party hereunder, and will be acknowledged by the Designated Second Priority Representative and the Designated Senior Representative.  The rights and obligations of each Grantor hereunder shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding the addition of any new Grantor as a party to this Agreement.

 

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SECTION 8.08. Dealings with Grantors.  Upon any application or demand by the Company or any Grantor to any Representative to take or permit any action under any of the provisions of this Agreement or under any Collateral Document (if such action is subject to the provisions hereof), the Company or such Grantor, as appropriate, shall furnish to such Representative a certificate of an appropriate officer ( an “Officer’s Certificate”) stating that all conditions precedent, if any, provided for in this Agreement or such Collateral Document, as the case may be, relating to the proposed action have been complied with, except that in the case of any such application or demand as to which the furnishing of such documents is specifically required by any provision of this Agreement or any Collateral Document relating to such particular application or demand, no additional certificate or opinion need be furnished.

 

SECTION 8.09. Additional Debt Facilities.  To the extent, but only to the extent, permitted by the provisions of the Senior Debt Documents and the Second Priority Debt Documents, the Company may incur or issue and sell one or more series or classes of Second Priority Debt and one or more series or classes of Additional Senior Debt.  Any such additional class or series of Second Priority Debt (the “Second Priority Class Debt”) may be secured by a second priority, subordinated Lien on Shared Collateral, in each case under and pursuant to the relevant Second Priority Collateral Documents for such Second Priority Class Debt, if and subject to the condition that the Representative of any such Second Priority Class Debt (each, a “Second Priority Class Debt Representative”), acting on behalf of the holders of such Second Priority Class Debt (such Representative and holders in respect of any Second Priority Class Debt being referred to as the “Second Priority Class Debt Parties”), becomes a party to this Agreement by satisfying conditions (i) through (vi), as applicable, of the immediately succeeding paragraph.  Any such additional class or series of Senior Facilities (the “Senior Class Debt”; and the Senior Class Debt and Second Priority Class Debt, collectively, the “Class Debt”) may be secured by a senior Lien on Shared Collateral, in each case under and pursuant to the Senior Collateral Documents, if and subject to the condition that the Representative of any such Senior Class Debt (each, a “Senior Class Debt Representative”; and the Senior Class Debt Representatives and Second Priority Class Debt Representatives, collectively, the “Class Debt Representatives”), acting on behalf of the holders of such Senior Class Debt (such Representative and holders in respect of any such Senior Class Debt being referred to as the “Senior Class Debt Parties; and the Senior Class Debt Parties and Second Priority Class Debt Parties, collectively, the “Class Debt Parties”), becomes a party to this Agreement by satisfying the conditions set forth in clauses (i) through (vi), as applicable, of the immediately succeeding paragraph.  In order for a Class Debt Representative to become a party to this Agreement:

 

(i)                                     such Class Debt Representative shall have executed and delivered a Joinder Agreement substantially in the form of Annex III (if such Representative is a Second Priority Class Debt Representative) or Annex IV (if such Representative is a Senior Class Debt Representative) (with such changes as may be reasonably approved by the Designated Senior Representative and such Class Debt Representative) pursuant to which it becomes a Representative hereunder, and the Class Debt in respect of which such Class Debt Representative is the Representative and the related Class Debt Parties become subject hereto and bound hereby;

 

(ii)                                  the Company shall have delivered to the Designated Senior Representative an Officer’s Certificate stating that the conditions set forth in this Section 8.09 are satisfied with respect to such Class Debt and, if requested, true and complete copies of each of the Second Priority Debt Documents or Senior Debt Documents, as applicable, relating to such Class Debt, certified as being true and correct by a Responsible Officer of the Company; and

 

(iii)                               the Second Priority Debt Documents or Senior Debt Documents, as applicable, relating to such Class Debt shall provide that each Class Debt Party with respect to such Class

 

F2-25



 

Debt will be subject to and bound by the provisions of this Agreement in its capacity as a holder of such Class Debt.

 

SECTION 8.10. Consent to Jurisdiction; Waivers.  Each Representative, on behalf of itself and the Secured Parties of the Debt Facility for which it is acting, irrevocably and unconditionally:

 

(a)                                 submits for itself and its property in any legal action or proceeding relating to this Agreement and the Collateral Documents, or for recognition and enforcement of any judgment in respect thereof, to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of the State of New York located in the Borough of Manhattan, the courts of the United States of America for the Southern District of New York, and appellate courts from any thereof;

 

(b)                                 consents that any such action or proceeding may be brought in such courts and waives any objection that it may now or hereafter have to the venue of any such action or proceeding in any such court or that such action or proceeding was brought in an inconvenient court and agrees not to plead or claim the same;

 

(c)                                  agrees that service of process in any such action or proceeding may be effected by mailing a copy thereof by registered or certified mail (or any substantially similar form of mail), postage prepaid, to such Person (or its Representative) at the address referred to in Section 8.11;

 

(d)                                 agrees that nothing herein shall affect the right of any other party hereto (or any Secured Party) to effect service of process in any other manner permitted by law; and

 

(e)                                  waives, to the maximum extent not prohibited by law, any right it may have to claim or recover in any legal action or proceeding referred to in this Section 8.10 any special, exemplary, punitive or consequential damages.

 

SECTION 8.11. Notices.  All notices, requests, demands and other communications provided for or permitted hereunder shall be in writing and shall be sent:

 

(i)                                     if to the Company or any Grantor, to the Company, at its address at: [·], Attention of [·], telecopy [·];

 

(ii)                                  if to the Initial Second Priority Representative to it at: [·] Attention of [·], telecopy [·];

 

(iii)                               if to the Administrative Agent, to it at: [[·], Attention of [·] (Fax No.:  [·]) (email:  [·]), with a copy];

 

(iv)                              if to any other Representative, to it at the address specified by it in the Joinder Agreement delivered by it pursuant to Section 8.09.

 

Unless otherwise specifically provided herein, any notice or other communication herein required or permitted to be given shall be in writing and, may be personally served, telecopied, electronically mailed or sent by courier service or U.S. mail and shall be deemed to have been given when delivered in person or by courier service, upon receipt of a telecopy or electronic mail or upon receipt via U.S. mail (registered or certified, with postage prepaid and properly addressed).  For the purposes hereof, the addresses of the parties hereto shall be as set forth above or, as to each party, at such other address as may be designated by such party in a written notice to all of the other parties.  As agreed to in writing among each Representative from time to time, notices and other communications may also be delivered by e-mail

 

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to the e-mail address of a representative of the applicable person provided from time to time by such person.

 

SECTION 8.12. Further Assurances.  Each Senior Representative, on behalf of itself and each Senior Secured Party under the Senior Debt Facility for which it is acting, each Second Party Representative, on behalf of itself, and each Second Priority Debt Party under its Second Priority Debt Facility, agrees that it will take such further action and shall execute and deliver such additional documents and instruments (in recordable form, if requested) as the other parties hereto may reasonably request to effectuate the terms of, and the Lien priorities contemplated by, this Agreement.

 

SECTION 8.13.                                                        GOVERNING LAW; WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL.

 

(A)                               THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED AND INTERPRETED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK WITHOUT REGARD TO THE PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICTS OF LAWS, EXCEPT AS REQUIRED BY MANDATORY PROVISIONS OF LAW.

 

(B)                               EACH PARTY HERETO HEREBY IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL ACTION OR PROCEEDING RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT AND FOR ANY COUNTERCLAIM THEREIN.

 

SECTION 8.14. Binding on Successors and Assigns.  This Agreement shall be binding upon the Senior Representatives, the Senior Secured Parties, the Second Priority Representatives, the Second Priority Debt Parties, the Company, the other Grantors party hereto and their respective successors and assigns.

 

SECTION 8.15. Section Titles.  The section titles contained in this Agreement are and shall be without substantive meaning or content of any kind whatsoever and are not a part of this Agreement.

 

SECTION 8.16. Counterparts.  This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, including by means of facsimile, each of which shall be an original and all of which shall together constitute one and the same document.  Delivery of an executed signature page to this Agreement by facsimile or other electronic transmission shall be as effective as delivery of a manually signed counterpart of this Agreement.

 

SECTION 8.17. Authorization.  By its signature, each Person executing this Agreement on behalf of a party hereto represents and warrants to the other parties hereto that it is duly authorized to execute this Agreement.  The Administrative Agent represents and warrants that this Agreement is binding upon the Credit Agreement Secured Parties.  The Initial Second Priority Representative represents and warrants that this Agreement is binding upon the Initial Second Priority Debt Parties.

 

SECTION 8.18. No Third Party Beneficiaries; Successors and Assigns.  The lien priorities set forth in this Agreement and the rights and benefits hereunder in respect of such lien priorities shall inure solely to the benefit of the Senior Representatives, the Senior Secured Parties, the Second Priority Representatives and the Second Priority Debt Parties, and their respective permitted successors and assigns, and no other Person (including the Grantors, or any trustee, receiver, debtor-in-possession or bankruptcy estate in a bankruptcy or like proceeding) shall have or be entitled to assert such rights.

 

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SECTION 8.19. Effectiveness.  This Agreement shall become effective when executed and delivered by the parties hereto.

 

SECTION 8.20. Administrative Agent and Representative.  It is understood and agreed that (a) the Administrative Agent is entering into this Agreement in its capacity as administrative agent and collateral agent under the Credit Agreement and the provisions of Article VIII of the Credit Agreement applicable to the Agents (as defined therein) thereunder shall also apply to the Administrative Agent hereunder and (b) [             ] is entering into this Agreement in its capacity as [Trustee] under [indenture] and the provisions of Article [  ] of such indenture applicable to the Trustee thereunder shall also apply to the Trustee hereunder.

 

SECTION 8.21. Relative Rights.  Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary (except to the extent contemplated by Section 5.01(a), 5.01(d) or 5.03(b)), nothing in this Agreement is intended to or will (a) amend, waive or otherwise modify the provisions of the Credit Agreement, any other Senior Debt Document or any Second Priority Debt Documents, or permit the Company or any Grantor to take any action, or fail to take any action, to the extent such action or failure would otherwise constitute a breach of, or default under, the Credit Agreement or any other Senior Debt Document or any Second Priority Debt Documents, (b) change the relative priorities of the Senior Obligations or the Liens granted under the Senior Collateral Documents on the Shared Collateral (or any other assets) as among the Senior Secured Parties, (c) otherwise change the relative rights of the Senior Secured Parties in respect of the Shared Collateral as among such Senior Secured Parties or (d) obligate the Company or any Grantor to take any action, or fail to take any action, that would otherwise constitute a breach of, or default under, the Credit Agreement or any other Senior Debt Document or any Second Priority Debt Document.

 

SECTION 8.22. Survival of Agreement.  All covenants, agreements, representations and warranties made by any party in this Agreement shall be considered to have been relied upon by the other parties hereto and shall survive the execution and delivery of this Agreement.

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized officers as of the day and year first above written.

 

 

CREDIT SUISSE AG, CAYMAN ISLANDS BRANCH,

 

as Administrative Agent

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

 

 

[                                      ],

 

as Initial Additional Authorized Representative

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

 

 

VIRTU FINANCIAL LLC

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

VFH PARENT LLC

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

THE GRANTORS LISTED ON ANNEX I HERETO

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 


 

ANNEX I

 

Grantors

 



 

ANNEX II

 

SUPPLEMENT NO.    dated as of     , to the JUNIOR LIEN INTERCREDITOR AGREEMENT dated as of [         ], 20[  ] (the “Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement”), among VIRTU FINANCIAL LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Holdings”), VFH Parent LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Company”), certain subsidiaries and affiliates of the Company (each a “Grantor”), Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, as Administrative Agent under the Credit Agreement, [          ], as Initial Second Priority Representative, and the additional Representatives from time to time a party thereto.

 

A.                                    Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings assigned to such terms in the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement.

 

B.                                    The Grantors have entered into the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement.  Pursuant to the Credit Agreement, certain Additional Senior Debt Documents and certain Second Priority Debt Documents, certain newly acquired or organized Subsidiaries of the Company are required to enter into the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement.  Section 8.07 of the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement provides that such Subsidiaries may become party to the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement by execution and delivery of an instrument in the form of this Supplement.  The undersigned Subsidiary (the “New Grantor”) is executing this Supplement in accordance with the requirements of the Credit Agreement, the Second Priority Debt Documents and Additional Senior Debt Documents.

 

Accordingly, the Designated Senior Representative and the New Subsidiary Grantor agree as follows:

 

SECTION 1.  In accordance with Section 8.07 of the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement, the New Grantor by its signature below becomes a Grantor under the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement with the same force and effect as if originally named therein as a Grantor, and the New Grantor hereby agrees to all the terms and provisions of the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement applicable to it as a Grantor thereunder.  Each reference to a “Grantor” in the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement shall be deemed to include the New Grantor.  The Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

 

SECTION 2.  The New Grantor represents and warrants to the Designated Senior Representative and the other Secured Parties that this Supplement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by it and constitutes its legal, valid and binding obligation, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms.

 

SECTION 3.  This Supplement may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall constitute an original, but all of which when taken together shall constitute a single contract.  This Supplement shall become effective when the Designated Senior Representative shall have received a counterpart of this Supplement that bears the signature of the New Grantor.  Delivery of an executed signature page to this Supplement by facsimile transmission shall be as effective as delivery of a manually signed counterpart of this Supplement.

 

SECTION 4.  Except as expressly supplemented hereby, the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement shall remain in full force and effect.

 

SECTION 5.  THIS SUPPLEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.

 



 

SECTION 6.  In case any one or more of the provisions contained in this Supplement should be held invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect, no party hereto shall be required to comply with such provision for so long as such provision is held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, but the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions contained herein and in the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement shall not in any way be affected or impaired.  The parties hereto shall endeavor in good-faith negotiations to replace the invalid, illegal or unenforceable provisions with valid provisions the economic effect of which comes as close as possible to that of the invalid, illegal or unenforceable provisions.

 

SECTION 7.  All communications and notices hereunder shall be in writing and given as provided in Section 8.11 of the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement.  All communications and notices hereunder to the New Grantor shall be given to it in care of the Company as specified in the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement.

 

SECTION 8.  The Company agrees to reimburse the Designated Senior Representative for its reasonable out-of-pocket expenses in connection with this Supplement, including the reasonable fees, other charges and disbursements of counsel for the Designated Senior Representative.

 



 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the New Grantor, and the Designated Senior Representative have duly executed this Supplement to the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement as of the day and year first above written.

 

 

 

[NAME OF NEW SUBSIDIARY

 

 

GRANTOR]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Acknowledged by:

 

 

 

 

 

[                  ], as Designated Senior Representative,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

[                  ], as Designated Second Priority Representative,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

 

Title:

 

 

 



 

ANNEX III

 

[FORM OF] REPRESENTATIVE SUPPLEMENT NO. [ ] dated as of [      ], 20[  ] to the JUNIOR LIEN INTERCREDITOR AGREEMENT dated as of [         ], 20[  ] (the “Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement”), among VIRTU FINANCIAL LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Holdings”), VFH Parent LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Company”), certain subsidiaries and affiliates of the Company (each a “Grantor”), Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, as Administrative Agent under the Credit Agreement, [          ], as Initial Second Priority Representative, and the additional Representatives from time to time a party thereto.

 

A.                                    Capitalized terms used herein but not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings assigned to such terms in the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement.

 

B.                                    As a condition to the ability of the Company to incur Second Priority Debt and to secure such Second Priority Class Debt with the Second Priority Lien and to have such Second Priority Class Debt guaranteed by the Grantors on a subordinated basis, in each case under and pursuant to the Second Priority Collateral Documents, the Second Priority Class Representative in respect of such Second Priority Class Debt is required to become a Representative under, and such Second Priority Class Debt and the Second Priority Class Debt Parties in respect thereof are required to become subject to and bound by, the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement.  Section 8.09 of the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement provides that such Second Priority Class Debt Representative may become a Representative under, and such Second Priority Class Debt and such Second Priority Class Debt Parties may become subject to and bound by, the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement, pursuant to the execution and delivery by the Second Priority Class Debt Representative of an instrument in the form of this Representative Supplement and the satisfaction of the other conditions set forth in Section 8.09 of the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement.  The undersigned Second Priority Class Debt Representative (the “New Representative”) is executing this Supplement in accordance with the requirements of the Senior Debt Documents and the Second Priority Debt Documents.

 

Accordingly, the Designated Senior Representative and the New Representative agree as follows:

 

SECTION 1.  In accordance with Section 8.09 of the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement, the New Representative by its signature below becomes a Representative under, and the related Second Priority Class Debt and Second Priority Class Debt Parties become subject to and bound by, the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement with the same force and effect as if the New Representative had originally been named therein as a Representative, and the New Representative, on behalf of itself and such Second Priority Class Debt Parties, hereby agrees to all the terms and provisions of the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement applicable to it as a Second Priority Representative and to the Second Priority Class Debt Parties that it represents as Second Priority Debt Parties.  Each reference to a “Representative” or “Second Priority Representative” in the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement shall be deemed to include the New Representative.  The Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

 

SECTION 2.  The New Representative represents and warrants to the Designated Senior Representative and the other Secured Parties that (i) it has full power and authority to enter into this Representative Supplement, in its capacity as [agent] [trustee], (ii) this Representative Supplement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by it and constitutes its legal, valid and binding obligation, enforceable against it in accordance with the terms of such Agreement and (iii) the Second Priority Debt Documents relating to such Second Priority Class Debt provide that, upon the New Representative’s entry into this Agreement, the Second Priority Class Debt Parties in respect of such Second Priority Class Debt will be subject to and bound by the provisions of the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement as Second Priority Debt Parties.

 



 

SECTION 3.  This Representative Supplement may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall constitute an original, but all of which when taken together shall constitute a single contract.  This Representative Supplement shall become effective when the Designated Senior Representative shall have received a counterpart of this Representative Supplement that bears the signature of the New Representative.  Delivery of an executed signature page to this Representative Supplement by facsimile transmission shall be effective as delivery of a manually signed counterpart of this Representative Supplement.

 

SECTION 4.  Except as expressly supplemented hereby, the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement shall remain in full force and effect.

 

SECTION 5.  THIS REPRESENTATIVE SUPPLEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.

 

SECTION 6.  In case any one or more of the provisions contained in this Representative Supplement should be held invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect, no party hereto shall be required to comply with such provision for so long as such provision is held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, but the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions contained herein and in the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement shall not in any way be affected or impaired.  The parties hereto shall endeavor in good-faith negotiations to replace the invalid, illegal or unenforceable provisions with valid provisions the economic effect of which comes as close as possible to that of the invalid, illegal or unenforceable provisions.

 

SECTION 7.  All communications and notices hereunder shall be in writing and given as provided in Section 8.11 of the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement.  All communications and notices hereunder to the New Representative shall be given to it at the address set forth below its signature hereto.

 

SECTION 8.  The Company agrees to reimburse the Designated Senior Representative for its reasonable out-of-pocket expenses in connection with this Representative Supplement, including the reasonable fees, other charges and disbursements of counsel for the Designated Senior Representative.

 



 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the New Representative and the Designated Senior Representative have duly executed this Representative Supplement to the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement as of the day and year first above written.

 

 

[NAME OF NEW REPRESENTATIVE],

 

as [                 ] for the holders of

 

[                                  ],

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

Address for notices:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

attention of:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Telecopy:

 

 

 

 

 

 

[                                 ],

 

as Designated Senior Representative,

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 



 

Acknowledged by:

 

 

 

 

 

VIRTU FINANCIAL LLC

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

VFH PARENT LLC

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

THE GRANTORS

 

LISTED ON SCHEDULE I HERETO

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 



 

Schedule I to the
Representative Supplement to the

 

Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement

 

Grantors

 


 

ANNEX IV

 

[FORM OF] REPRESENTATIVE SUPPLEMENT NO. [  ] dated as of [    ], 20[ ] to the JUNIOR LIEN INTERCREDITOR AGREEMENT dated as of [         ], 20[  ] (the “Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement”), among VIRTU FINANCIAL LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Holdings”), VFH Parent LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Company”), certain subsidiaries and affiliates of the Company (each a “Grantor”), Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, as Administrative Agent under the Credit Agreement, [          ], as Initial Second Priority Representative, and the additional Representatives from time to time a party thereto.

 

A.                                    Capitalized terms used herein but not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings assigned to such terms in the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement.

 

B.                                    As a condition to the ability of the Company to incur Senior Class Debt after the date of the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement and to secure such Senior Class Debt with the Senior Lien and to have such Senior Class Debt guaranteed by the Grantors on a senior basis, in each case under and pursuant to the Senior Collateral Documents, the Senior Class Debt Representative in respect of such Senior Class Debt is required to become a Representative under, and such Senior Class Debt and the Senior Class Debt Parties in respect thereof are required to become subject to and bound by, the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement.  Section 8.09 of the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement provides that such Senior Class Debt Representative may become a Representative under, and such Senior Class Debt and such Senior Class Debt Parties may become subject to and bound by, the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement, pursuant to the execution and delivery by the Senior Class Debt Representative of an instrument in the form of this Representative Supplement and the satisfaction of the other conditions set forth in Section 8.09 of the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement.  The undersigned Senior Class Debt Representative (the “New Representative”) is executing this Supplement in accordance with the requirements of the Senior Debt Documents and the Second Priority Debt Documents.

 

Accordingly, the Designated Senior Representative and the New Representative agree as follows:

 

SECTION 1.  In accordance with Section 8.09 of the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement, the New Representative by its signature below becomes a Representative under, and the related Senior Class Debt and Senior Class Debt Parties become subject to and bound by, the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement with the same force and effect as if the New Representative had originally been named therein as a Representative, and the New Representative, on behalf of itself and such Senior Class Debt Parties, hereby agrees to all the terms and provisions of the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement applicable to it as a Senior Representative and to the Senior Class Debt Parties that it represents as Senior Debt Parties.  Each reference to a “Representative” or “Senior Representative” in the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement shall be deemed to include the New Representative.  The Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

 

SECTION 2.  The New Representative represents and warrants to the Designated Senior Representative and the other Secured Parties that (i) it has full power and authority to enter into this Representative Supplement, in its capacity as [agent] [trustee], (ii) this Representative Supplement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by it and constitutes its legal, valid and binding obligation, enforceable against it in accordance with the terms of such Agreement and (iii) the Senior Debt Documents relating to such Senior Class Debt provide that, upon the New Representative’s entry into this Agreement, the Senior Class Debt Parties in respect of such Senior Class Debt will be subject to and bound by the provisions of the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement as Senior Secured Parties.

 

SECTION 3.  This Representative Supplement may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall constitute an original, but all of which when taken together shall constitute a single contract.

 



 

This Representative Supplement shall become effective when the Designated Senior Representative shall have received a counterpart of this Representative Supplement that bears the signature of the New Representative.  Delivery of an executed signature page to this Representative Supplement by facsimile transmission shall be effective as delivery of a manually signed counterpart of this Representative Supplement.

 

SECTION 4.  Except as expressly supplemented hereby, the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement shall remain in full force and effect.

 

SECTION 5.  THIS REPRESENTATIVE SUPPLEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.

 

SECTION 6.  In case any one or more of the provisions contained in this Representative Supplement should be held invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect, no party hereto shall be required to comply with such provision for so long as such provision is held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, but the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions contained herein and in the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement shall not in any way be affected or impaired.  The parties hereto shall endeavor in good-faith negotiations to replace the invalid, illegal or unenforceable provisions with valid provisions the economic effect of which comes as close as possible to that of the invalid, illegal or unenforceable provisions.

 

SECTION 7.  All communications and notices hereunder shall be in writing and given as provided in Section 8.11 of the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement.  All communications and notices hereunder to the New Representative shall be given to it at the address set forth below its signature hereto.

 

SECTION 8.  The Company agrees to reimburse the Designated Senior Representative for its reasonable out-of-pocket expenses in connection with this Representative Supplement, including the reasonable fees, other charges and disbursements of counsel for the Designated Senior Representative.

 



 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the New Representative and the Designated Senior Representative have duly executed this Representative Supplement to the Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement as of the day and year first above written.

 

 

[NAME OF NEW REPRESENTATIVE],

 

as [                 ] for the holders of

 

[                                  ],

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

Address for notices:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

attention of:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Telecopy:

 

 

 

 

 

 

[                             ],

 

as Designated Senior Representative,

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 



 

Acknowledged by:

 

 

 

 

 

VIRTU FINANCIAL LLC

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

VFH PARENT LLC

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

THE GRANTORS

 

LISTED ON SCHEDULE I HERETO

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 



 

Schedule I to the
Representative Supplement to the

 

Junior Lien Intercreditor Agreement

 

Grantors

 


 

EXHIBIT G

 

Form of Closing Certificate

 

[NAME OF CERTIFYING LOAN PARTY]

 

[       ], 2013

 

Reference is made to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of November 8, 2013 (the “Credit Agreement”), among VIRTU FINANCIAL LLC (“Holdings”), VFH PARENT LLC (the “Borrower”), the banks and other lending institutions from time to time parties thereto and CREDIT SUISSE AG, CAYMAN ISLANDS BRANCH, as Administrative Agent.  Capitalized terms used but not defined herein have the meanings given to such terms in the Credit Agreement.

 

1.                                      The undersigned, [                 ], a Responsible Officer of [      ] (the “Certifying Loan Party”), hereby certifies that [                 ] is a duly elected and qualified Responsible Officer of the Certifying Loan Party and the signature set forth on the signature line for such officer below is such officer’s true and genuine signature, and such officer is duly authorized to execute and deliver on behalf of the Certifying Loan Party each Loan Document to which it is a party and any certificate or other document to be delivered by the Certifying Loan Party pursuant to such Loan Documents.

 

2.                                      The undersigned, [                 ], a Responsible Officer of the Certifying Loan Party, hereby certifies as follows:

 

(a)         There are no liquidation or dissolution proceedings pending or to my knowledge threatened against the Certifying Loan Party, nor to my knowledge has any other event occurred affecting or threatening the [corporate] [organizational] existence of the Certifying Loan Party;

 

(b)         The Certifying Loan Party is a [corporation] [limited liability company] duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of [      ];

 

(c)          Attached hereto as Annex A is a complete and correct copy of the resolutions duly adopted by the [board of directors (or a duly authorized committee thereof)] [members] of the Certifying Loan Party on [                              ], authorizing [(a)] the execution, delivery and performance of the Loan Documents (and any agreements relating thereto) to which it is a party [and (b) the extensions of credit contemplated by the Credit Agreement](6); such resolutions have not in any way been amended, modified, revoked or rescinded and have been in full force and effect since their adoption to and including the date hereof and are now in full force and effect; and such resolutions are the only [corporate] [company] proceedings of the Certifying Loan Party now in force relating to or affecting the matters referred to therein;

 

(d)         Attached hereto as Annex B is a true and complete copy of the certificate of [incorporation] [formation] of the Certifying Loan Party as in effect on the date hereof, certified by the Secretary of State of the State of [      ] as of a recent date;

 


(6)                                 Borrower only.

 



 

(e)          Attached hereto as Annex C is a true and complete copy of the [by-laws] [limited liability company agreement] of the Certifying Loan Party as in effect on the date hereof;

 

(f)           Attached hereto as Annex D is a true and complete copy of a good standing certificate, certified by the Secretary of State of [     ] as of a recent date;

 

(g)          The following persons are now duly elected and qualified Responsible Officers of the Certifying Loan Party holding the offices indicated next to their respective names below, and such officers hold such offices with the Certifying Loan Party on the date hereof, and the signatures appearing opposite their respective names below are the true and genuine signatures of such officers, and each of such officers is duly authorized to execute and deliver on behalf of the Certifying Loan Party each Loan Document to which it is a party and any certificate or other document to be delivered by the Certifying Loan Party pursuant to such Loan Documents:

 

Name

 

Office

 

Signature

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

G-2



 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have signed this certificate as of the date first written above.

 

 

 

 

 

Name:

 

Name:

Title:

 

Title:

 



 

Annex A
to the Closing Certificate

 

Resolutions

 



 

Annex B
to the Closing Certificate

 

Certificate of [Incorporation] [Formation]

 



 

Annex C
to the Closing Certificate

 

[By-Laws] [Limited Liability Company Agreement]

 



 

Annex D
to the Closing Certificate

 

Good Standing Certificate

 


 

EXHIBIT H

 

Form of Intercompany Note

 

New York, New York

Date:                , 20[  ]

 

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, each of the undersigned, to the extent a borrower from time to time from any other entity listed on the signature page hereto (each, in such capacity, a “Payor”), hereby promises to pay on demand to the order of such other entity listed below (each, in such capacity, a “Payee”), in lawful money of the United States of America, or in such other currency as agreed to by such Payor and such Payee, in immediately available funds, at such location in the United States of America as a Payee shall from time to time designate, the unpaid principal amount of all loans and advances (including trade payables) made by such Payee to such Payor.  Each Payor promises also to pay interest on the unpaid principal amount of all such loans and advances in like money at said location from the date of such loans and advances until paid at such rate per annum as shall be agreed upon from time to time by such Payor and such Payee.

 

This note (“Note”) is an Intercompany Note referred to in that certain Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of November 8, 2013 (as amended, restated, extended, supplemented or otherwise modified in writing from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”), among VFH PARENT LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Borrower”), VIRTU FINANCIAL LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Holdings”), the lenders from time to time party thereto, and CREDIT SUISSE AG, CAYMAN ISLANDS BRANCH, as Administrative Agent, and is subject to the terms thereof, and shall be pledged by each Payee pursuant to the Collateral Agreement, to the extent required pursuant to the terms thereof.  Each Payee hereby acknowledges and agrees that after the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default and after notice from the Administrative Agent to such Payee (provided that no such notice shall be required to be given in the case of any Event of Default arising under Section 7.01(h) or 7.01(i) of the Credit Agreement), the Administrative Agent may exercise any and all rights of any Loan Party with respect to this Note.  Capitalized terms used herein but not otherwise defined shall have the meaning assigned to such terms in the Credit Agreement.

 

Anything in this Note to the contrary notwithstanding, the indebtedness evidenced by this Note owed by any Payor that is a Loan Party to any Payee that is not a Loan Party shall be subordinate and junior in right of payment, to the extent and in the manner hereinafter set forth, to all Secured Obligations of such Payor until the payment in full in cash of all Secured Obligations of such Payor; provided, that each Payor may make payments to the applicable Payee unless an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing and such Payor shall have received notice from the Administrative Agent (provided, that no such notice shall be required to be given in the case of any Event of Default arising under Section 7.01(h) or 7.01(i) of the Credit Agreement) (such Secured Obligations and other indebtedness and obligations in connection with any renewal, refunding, restructuring or refinancing thereof, including interest thereon

 



 

accruing after the commencement of any case, proceeding or other action referred to in clause (i) below, whether or not such interest is allowed or allowable as a claim in such proceeding, being hereinafter collectively referred to as “Senior Indebtedness”):

 

(i)           in the event of any insolvency or bankruptcy proceedings, and any receivership, liquidation, reorganization or other similar proceedings in connection therewith, relative to any Payor or to its creditors, as such, or to its property, and in the event of any proceedings for voluntary liquidation, dissolution or other winding up of such Payor, whether or not involving insolvency or bankruptcy, then, if an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, (x) the holders of Senior Indebtedness shall be paid in full in cash in respect of all amounts constituting Senior Indebtedness before any Payee that is not a Loan Party is entitled to receive (whether directly or indirectly), or make any demands for, any payment on account of this Note and (y) until the holders of Senior Indebtedness are paid in full in cash in respect of all amounts constituting Senior Indebtedness, any payment or distribution to which such Payee would otherwise be entitled (other than debt securities of such Payor that are subordinated, to at least the same extent as this Note, to the payment of all Senior Indebtedness then outstanding (such securities being hereinafter referred to as “Restructured Debt Securities”)) shall be made to the holders of Senior Indebtedness;

 

(ii)            if any Event of Default has occurred and is continuing and after notice from the Administrative Agent (provided that no such notice shall be required to be given in the case of any Event of Default arising under Section 7.01(h) or 7.01(i) of the Credit Agreement), then no payment or distribution of any kind or character shall be made by or on behalf of any Payor that is a Loan Party or any other Person on its behalf with respect to this Note owed to any Payee that is not a Loan Party; and

 

(iii)            if any payment or distribution of any character, whether in cash, securities or other property (other than Restructured Debt Securities), in respect of this Note shall (despite these subordination provisions) be received by any Payee in violation of clause (i) or (ii) before all Senior Indebtedness shall have been paid in full in cash, such payment or distribution shall be held in trust for the benefit of, and shall be paid over or delivered to, the holders of Senior Indebtedness (or their representatives), ratably according to the respective aggregate amounts remaining unpaid thereon, to the extent necessary to pay all Senior Indebtedness in full in cash.

 

To the fullest extent permitted by law, no present or future holder of Senior Indebtedness shall be prejudiced in its right to enforce the subordination of this Note by any act or failure to act on the part of any Payor or by any act or failure to act on the part of such holder or any trustee or agent for such holder.  Each Payee and each Payor hereby agree that the subordination of this Note is for the benefit of the Administrative Agent and the Lenders and the Administrative Agent and the Lenders are obligees under this Note to the same extent as if their names were written herein as such and the Administrative Agent may, on behalf of itself and the Lenders, proceed to enforce the subordination provisions herein.

 

H-2



 

The indebtedness evidenced by this Note owed by any Payor that is not a Loan Party or any Payor that is a Loan Party, in each case, to any Payee that is a Loan Party shall not be subordinated to, and shall rank pari passu in right of payment with, any other obligation of such Payor.

 

Nothing contained in the subordination provisions set forth above is intended to or will impair, as between each Payor and each Payee, the obligations of such Payor, which are absolute and unconditional, to pay to such Payee the principal of and interest on this Note as and when due and payable in accordance with its terms, or is intended to or will affect the relative rights of such Payee and other creditors of such Payor other than the holders of Senior Indebtedness.

 

Each Payee is hereby authorized to record all loans and advances made by it to any Payor (all of which shall be evidenced by this Note), and all repayments or prepayments thereof, in its books and records, such books and records constituting prima facie evidence of the accuracy of the information contained therein.

 

Each Payor hereby waives presentment, demand, protest or notice of any kind in connection with this Note.  All payments under this Note shall be made without offset, counterclaim or deduction of any kind.

 

This Note shall be binding upon each Payor and its successors and assigns, and the terms and provisions of this Note shall inure to the benefit of each Payee and its successors and assigns, including subsequent holders hereof.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, in any other Loan Document or in any other promissory note or other instrument, this Note replaces and supersedes any and all promissory notes or other instruments which create or evidence any loans or advances made on, before or after the date hereof by any Payee to Holdings, any Intermediate Parent, the Borrower or any Subsidiary, in each case to the extent required to be pledged to the Administrative Agent pursuant to the Collateral Agreement.

 

From time to time after the date hereof, additional subsidiaries of Holdings may become parties hereto (as Payor and/or Payee, as the case may be) by executing a counterpart signature page to this Note (each additional subsidiary, an “Additional Party”).  Upon delivery of such counterpart signature page to the Payees, notice of which is hereby waived by the other Payors, each Additional Party shall be a Payor and/or a Payee, as the case may be, and shall be as fully a party hereto as if such Additional Party were an original signatory hereof.  Each Payor expressly agrees that its obligations arising hereunder shall not be affected or diminished by the addition or release of any other Payor or Payee hereunder.  This Note shall be fully effective as to any Payor or Payee that is or becomes a party hereto regardless of whether any other Person becomes or fails to become or ceases to be a Payor or Payee hereunder.

 

THIS NOTE SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.

 

[Signature pages follow]

 

H-3



 

 

VFH PARENT LLC,

 

as Payee and Payor

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

[SUBSIDIARIES OF THE BORROWER],

 

as Payee and Payor

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 



 

EXHIBIT I

 

Form of Specified Discount Prepayment Notice

 

Date:             , 20      

 

To: [Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch], as Auction Agent

 

Ladies and Gentlemen:

 

This Specified Discount Prepayment Notice is delivered to you pursuant to Section 2.09(a)(ii)(B) of that certain Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of November 8, 2013 (as further amended, restated, extended, supplemented or otherwise modified in writing from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”), among VFH Parent LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Borrower”), Virtu Financial LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, the lenders from time to time party thereto and Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, as Administrative Agent.  Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meaning ascribed to such terms in the Credit Agreement.

 

Pursuant to Section 2.09(a)(ii)(B) of the Credit Agreement, the Borrower hereby offers to make a Discounted Term Loan Prepayment to each Term Lender [and to each Additional Term Lender of the [·, 20·](7) tranche[s] of Term Loans] on the following terms:

 

1.     This Borrower Offer of Specified Discount Prepayment is available only to each Term Lender [and to each Additional Term Lender of the [·, 20·](8) tranche[s] of Term Loans].

 

2.     The maximum aggregate outstanding amount of the Discounted Term Loan Prepayment that will be made in connection with this offer shall not exceed $[·] of Term Loans [and $[·] of the [·, 20·](9) tranche[(s)] of Term Loans] (the “Specified Discount Prepayment Amount”).(10)

 

3.     The percentage discount to par value at which such Discounted Term Loan Prepayment will be made is [·]% in respect of the Term Loans [and [·]% in respect of the [·, 20·](11) tranche[(s)] of Term Loans] (the “Specified Discount”).

 


(7)           List multiple tranches if applicable.

 

(8)           List multiple tranches if applicable.

 

(9)           List multiple tranches if applicable.

 

(10)         Minimum of $1.0 million and whole increments of $500,000.

 

(11)         List multiple tranches if applicable.

 



 

To accept this offer, you are required to submit to the Administrative Agent a Specified Discount Prepayment Response on or before 5:00 p.m. New York time on the date that is three (3) Business Days following the date of delivery of this notice pursuant to Section 2.09(a)(ii)(B) of the Credit Agreement.

 

The Borrower hereby represents and warrants to the Administrative Agent [and the Term Lenders][, the Term Lenders and each Additional Term Lender of the [·, 20·](12) tranche[s] of Term Loans] as follows:

 

1.     The Borrower will not make a borrowing of loans under any Incremental Revolving Facility to fund this Discounted Term Loan Prepayment.

 

2.     [At least ten (10) Business Days have passed since the consummation of the most recent Discounted Term Loan Prepayment as a result of a prepayment made by the Borrower on the applicable Discounted Prepayment Effective Date.][At least three (3) Business Days have passed since the date the Borrower was notified that no Term Lender was willing to accept any prepayment of any Term Loan and/or Other Term Loan at the Specified Discount, within the Discount Range or at any discount to par value, as applicable, or in the case of Borrower Solicitation of Discounted Prepayment Offers, the date of the Borrower’s election not to accept any Solicited Discounted Prepayment Offers made by a Term Lender.](13)

 

3.     No Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing.

 

The Borrower acknowledges that the Auction Agent and the relevant Term Lenders are relying on the truth and accuracy of the foregoing representations and warranties in connection with their decision whether or not to accept the offer set forth in this Specified Discount Prepayment Notice and the acceptance of any prepayment made in connection with this Specified Discount Prepayment Notice.

 

The Borrower requests that Auction Agent promptly notify each of the relevant Term Lenders party to the Credit Agreement of this Specified Discount Prepayment Notice.

 

[REMAINDER OF THE PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK]

 


(12)         List multiple tranches if applicable.

 

(13)         Insert applicable representation.

 

I-2



 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed this Specified Discount Prepayment Notice as of the date first above written.

 

VFH PARENT LLC

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

Enclosure:  Form of Specified Discount Prepayment Response

 


 

EXHIBIT J

 

Form of Specified Discount Prepayment Response

 

Date:             , 20     

 

To: [Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch], as Auction Agent

 

Ladies and Gentlemen:

 

Reference is made to (a) that certain Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of November 8, 2013 (as further amended, restated, extended, supplemented or otherwise modified in writing from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”), among VFH Parent LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Borrower”), Virtu Financial LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, the lenders from time to time party thereto and Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, as Administrative Agent, and (b) that certain Specified Discount Prepayment Notice, dated             , 20    , from the Borrower (the “Specified Discount Prepayment Notice”).  Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meaning ascribed to such terms in the Specified Discount Prepayment Notice or, to the extent not defined therein, in the Credit Agreement.

 

The undersigned [Term Lender] [Additional Term Lender] hereby gives you irrevocable notice, pursuant to Section 2.09(a)(ii)(B) of the Credit Agreement, that it is willing to accept a prepayment of the following [tranches of] Term Loans held by such [Term Lender] [Additional Term Lender] at the Specified Discount in an aggregate outstanding amount as follows:

 

[Term Loans - $[·]]

 

[[·, 20·](14) tranche[s] of Term Loans - $[·]]

 

The undersigned [Term Lender] [Additional Term Lender] hereby expressly consents and agrees to a prepayment of its [Term Loans][[·, 20·](15) tranche[s]] pursuant to Section 2.09(a)(ii)(B) of the Credit Agreement at a price equal to the [applicable] Specified Discount in the aggregate outstanding amount not to exceed the amount set forth above, as such amount may be reduced in accordance with the Specified Discount Proration, and as otherwise determined in accordance with and subject to the requirements of the Credit Agreement.

 

[REMAINDER OF THE PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK]

 


(14)         List multiple tranches if applicable.

 

(15)         List multiple tranches if applicable.

 



 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed this Specified Discount Prepayment Response as of the date first above written.

 

[                        ]

 

By:

 

 

 

Name

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name

 

 

Title:

 

 



 

EXHIBIT K

 

Form of Discount Range Prepayment Notice

 

Date:             , 20   

 

To: [Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch], as Auction Agent

 

Ladies and Gentlemen:

 

This Discount Range Prepayment Notice is delivered to you pursuant to Section 2.09(a)(ii)(C) of that certain Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of November 8, 2013 (as further amended, restated, extended, supplemented or otherwise modified in writing from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”), among VFH Parent LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Borrower”), Virtu Financial LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, the lenders from time to time party thereto and Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, as Administrative Agent.  Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meaning ascribed to such terms in the Credit Agreement.

 

Pursuant to Section 2.09(a)(ii)(C) of the Credit Agreement, the Borrower hereby requests that each Term Lender [and each Additional Term Lender of the [·, 20·](16) tranche[s] of Term Loans] submit a Discount Range Prepayment Offer.  Any Discounted Term Loan Prepayment made in connection with this solicitation shall be subject to the following terms:

 

1.     This Borrower Solicitation of Discount Range Prepayment Offers is extended at the sole discretion of the Borrower to each Term Lender [and to each Additional Term Lender of the [·, 20·](17) tranche[s] of Term Loans].

 

2.     The maximum aggregate outstanding amount of the Discounted Term Loan Prepayment that will be made in connection with this solicitation is $[·] of Term Loans [and $[·] of the [·, 20·](18) tranche[(s)] of Term Loans] (the “Discount Range Prepayment Amount”).(19)

 

3.     The Borrower is willing to make Discount Term Loan Prepayments at a percentage discount to par value greater than or equal to [·]% but less than or equal to [·]% in respect of the Term Loans [and greater than or equal to [·]% but less than

 


(16)         List multiple tranches if applicable.

 

(17)         List multiple tranches if applicable.

 

(18)         List multiple tranches if applicable.

 

(19)         Minimum of $1.0 million and whole increments of $500,000.

 



 

or equal to [·]% in respect of the [·, 20·](20) tranche[(s)] of Term Loans] (the “Discount Range”).

 

To make an offer in connection with this solicitation, you are required to deliver to the Administrative Agent a Discount Range Prepayment Offer on or before 5:00 p.m. New York time on the date that is three (3) Business Days following the dated delivery of the notice pursuant to Section 2.09(a)(ii)(C) of the Credit Agreement.

 

The Borrower hereby represents and warrants to the Auction Agent [and the Term Lenders][, the Term Lenders and each Additional Term Lender of the [·, 20·](21) tranche[s] of Term Loans] as follows:

 

1.     The Borrower will not make a borrowing of loans under any Incremental Revolving Facility to fund this Discounted Term Loan Prepayment.

 

2.     [At least ten (10) Business Days have passed since the consummation of the most recent Discounted Term Loan Prepayment as a result of a prepayment made by the Borrower on the applicable Discounted Prepayment Effective Date.][At least three (3) Business Days have passed since the date the Borrower was notified that no Term Lender was willing to accept any prepayment of any Term Loan and/or Other Term Loan at the Specified Discount, within the Discount Range or at any discount to par value, as applicable, or in the case of Borrower Solicitation of Discounted Prepayment Offers, the date of the Borrower’s election not to accept any Solicited Discounted Prepayment Offers made by a Term Lender.](22)

 

3.     No Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing.

 

The Borrower acknowledges that the Auction Agent and the relevant Term Lenders are relying on the truth and accuracy of the foregoing representations and warranties in connection with any Discount Range Prepayment Offer made in response to this Discount Range Prepayment Notice and the acceptance of any prepayment made in connection with this Discount Range Prepayment Notice.

 

The Borrower requests that Auction Agent promptly notify each of the relevant Term Lenders party to the Credit Agreement of this Discount Range Prepayment Notice.

 

[REMAINDER OF THE PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK]

 


(20)         List multiple tranches if applicable.

 

(21)         List multiple tranches if applicable.

 

(22)         Insert applicable representation.

 

K-2



 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed this Discount Range Prepayment Notice as of the date first above written.

 

VFH PARENT LLC

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

Enclosure: Form of Discount Range Prepayment Offer

 



 

EXHIBIT L

 

Form of Discount Range Prepayment Offer

 

Date:             , 20   

 

To: [Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch], as Auction Agent

 

Ladies and Gentlemen:

 

Reference is made to (a) that certain Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of November 8, 2013 (as further amended, restated, extended, supplemented or otherwise modified in writing from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”), among VFH Parent LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Borrower”), Virtu Financial LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, the lenders from time to time party thereto and Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, as Administrative Agent, and (b) that certain Discount Range Prepayment Notice, dated             , 20    , from the Borrower (the “Discount Range Prepayment Notice”).  Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meaning ascribed to such terms in the Discount Range Prepayment Notice or, to the extent not defined therein, in the Credit Agreement.

 

The undersigned [Term Lender] [Additional Term Lender] hereby gives you irrevocable notice, pursuant to Section 2.09(a)(ii)(C) of the Credit Agreement, that it is hereby offering to accept a Discounted Term Loan Prepayment on the following terms:

 

1.     This Discount Range Prepayment Offer is available only for prepayment on the [Term Loans][and the [·, 20·](23) tranche[s] of Term Loans] held by the undersigned.

 

2.     The maximum aggregate outstanding amount of the Discounted Term Loan Prepayment that may be made in connection with this offer shall not exceed (the “Submitted Amount”):

 

[Term Loans - $[·]]

 

[[·, 20·](24) tranche[s] of Term Loans - $[·]]

 

3.     The percentage discount to par value at which such Discounted Term Loan Prepayment may be made is [·]% in respect of the Term Loans [and [·]% in respect of the [·, 20·](25) tranche[(s)] of Term Loans] (the “Submitted Discount”).

 

The undersigned [Term Lender] [Additional Term Lender] hereby expressly consents and agrees to a prepayment of its [Term Loans] [[•, 20•](26) tranche[s]

 


(23)         List multiple tranches if applicable.

 

(24)         List multiple tranches if applicable.

 

(25)         List multiple tranches if applicable.

 

(26)         List multiple tranches if applicable.

 



 

of Term Loans] indicated above pursuant to Section 2.09(a)(ii)(C) of the Credit Agreement at a price equal to the Applicable Discount and in an aggregate outstanding amount not to exceed the Submitted Amount, as such amount may be reduced in accordance with the Discount Range Proration, if any, and as otherwise determined in accordance with and subject to the requirements of the Credit Agreement.

 

[REMAINDER OF THE PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK]

 

L-2



 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed this Discount Range Prepayment Offer as of the date first above written.

 

[                                         ]

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name

 

 

Title:

 

 


 

EXHIBIT M

 

Form of Solicited Discounted Prepayment Notice

 

Date:             , 20    

 

To: [Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch], as Auction Agent

 

Ladies and Gentlemen:

 

This Solicited Discounted Prepayment Notice is delivered to you pursuant to Section 2.09(a)(ii)(D) of that certain Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of November 8, 2013 (as further amended, restated, extended, supplemented or otherwise modified in writing from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”), among VFH Parent LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Borrower”), Virtu Financial LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, the lenders from time to time party thereto and Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, as Administrative Agent.  Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meaning ascribed to such terms in the Credit Agreement.

 

Pursuant to Section 2.09(a)(ii)(D) of the Credit Agreement, the Borrower hereby requests that each Term Lender [and each Additional Term Lender of the [·, 20·](27) tranche[s] of Term Loans] submit a Solicited Discounted Prepayment Offer.  Any Discounted Term Loan Prepayment made in connection with this solicitation shall be subject to the following terms:

 

1.     This Borrower Solicitation of Discounted Prepayment Offers is extended at the sole discretion of the Borrower to each Term Lender [and to each Additional Term Lender of the [·, 20·](28) tranche[s] of Term Loans].

 

2.     The maximum aggregate outstanding amount of the Discounted Term Loan Prepayment that will be made in connection with this solicitation is (the “Solicited Discounted Prepayment Amount”):(29)

 

[Term Loans - $[·]]

 

[[·, 20·](30) tranche[s] of Term Loans - $[·]]

 

To make an offer in connection with this solicitation, you are required to deliver to the Administrative Agent a Solicited Discounted Prepayment Offer on or before 5:00

 


(27)         List multiple tranches if applicable.

 

(28)         List multiple tranches if applicable.

 

(29)         Minimum of $1.0 million and whole increments of $500,000.

 

(30)         List multiple tranches if applicable.

 



 

p.m. New York time on the date that is three (3) Business Days following delivery of this notice pursuant to Section 2.09(a)(ii)(D) of the Credit Agreement.

 

The Borrower requests that Auction Agent promptly notify each of the relevant Term Lenders party to the Credit Agreement of this Solicited Discounted Prepayment Notice.

 

[REMAINDER OF THE PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK]

 

M-2



 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed this Solicited Discounted Prepayment Notice as of the date first above written.

 

VFH PARENT LLC

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

Enclosure: Form of Solicited Discounted Prepayment Offer

 



 

EXHIBIT N

 

Form of Solicited Discounted Prepayment Offer

 

Date:             , 20   

 

To: [Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch], as Auction Agent

 

Ladies and Gentlemen:

 

Reference is made to (a) that certain Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of November 8, 2013 (as further amended, restated, extended, supplemented or otherwise modified in writing from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”), among VFH Parent LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Borrower”), Virtu Financial LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, the lenders from time to time party thereto and Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, as Administrative Agent, and (b) that certain Solicited Discounted Prepayment Notice, dated             , 20    , from the Borrower (the “Solicited Discounted Prepayment Notice”).  Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meaning ascribed to such terms in the Solicited Discounted Prepayment Notice or, to the extent not defined therein, in the Credit Agreement.

 

To accept the offer set forth herein, you must submit an Acceptance and Prepayment Notice on or before the third Business Day following your receipt of this notice.

 

The undersigned [Term Lender] [Additional Term Lender] hereby gives you irrevocable notice, pursuant to Section 2.09(a)(ii)(D) of the Credit Agreement, that it is hereby offering to accept a Discounted Term Loan Prepayment on the following terms:

 

1.     This Solicited Discounted Prepayment Offer is available only for prepayment of the [Term Loans][[·, 20·](31) tranche[s] of Term Loans] held by the undersigned.

 

2.     The maximum aggregate outstanding amount of the Discounted Term Loan Prepayment that may be made in connection with this offer shall not exceed (the “Offered Amount”):

 

[Term Loans - $[·]]

 

[[·, 20·](32) tranche[s] of Term Loans - $[·]]

 

3.     The percentage discount to par value at which such Discounted Term Loan Prepayment may be made is [·]% in respect of the Term Loans [and [·]% in respect of the [·, 20·](33) tranche[(s)] of Term Loans] (the “Offered Discount”).

 


(31)         List multiple tranches if applicable.

 

(32)         List multiple tranches if applicable.

 

(33)         List multiple tranches if applicable.

 



 

The undersigned [Term Lender] [Additional Term Lender] hereby expressly consents and agrees to a prepayment of its [Term Loans] [[•, 20•](34) tranche[s] of Term Loans] pursuant to Section 2.09(a)(ii)(D) of the Credit Agreement at a price equal to the Acceptable Discount and in an aggregate outstanding amount not to exceed such Lender’s Offered Amount as such amount may be reduced in accordance with the Solicited Discount Proration, if any, and as otherwise determined in accordance with and subject to the requirements of the Credit Agreement.

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed this Solicited Discounted Prepayment Offer as of the date first above written.

 

[                            ]

 

By:

 

 

 

Name

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name

 

 

Title:

 

 


(34)         List multiple tranches if applicable.

 

N-2



 

EXHIBIT O

 

Form of Acceptance and Prepayment Notice

 

Date:             , 20   

 

To: [Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch], as Auction Agent

 

Ladies and Gentlemen:

 

This Acceptance and Prepayment Notice is delivered to you pursuant to Section 2.09(a)(ii)(D) of that certain Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of November 8, 2013 (as further amended, restated, extended, supplemented or otherwise modified in writing from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”), among VFH Parent LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Borrower”), Virtu Financial LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, the lenders from time to time party thereto and Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, as Administrative Agent.  Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meaning ascribed to such terms in the Credit Agreement.

 

Pursuant to Section 2.09(a)(ii)(D) of the Credit Agreement, the Borrower hereby irrevocably notifies you that it accepts offers delivered in response to the Solicited Discounted Prepayment Notice having an Offered Discount equal to or greater than [·]% in respect of the Term Loans [and [·]% in respect of the [·, 20·](35) tranche[(s)] of Term Loans] (the “Acceptable Discount”) in an aggregate amount not to exceed the Solicited Discounted Prepayment Amount.

 

The Borrower expressly agrees that this Acceptance and Prepayment Notice shall be irrevocable and is subject to the provisions of Section 2.09(a)(ii)(D) of the Credit Agreement.

 

The Borrower hereby represents and warrants to the Auction Agent [and the Term Lenders][and the Term Lenders and each Additional Term Lender of the [·, 20·](36) tranche[s] of Term Loans] as follows:

 

1.     The Borrower will not make a borrowing of loans under any Incremental Revolving Facility to fund this Discounted Term Loan Prepayment.

 

2.     [At least ten (10) Business Days have passed since the consummation of the most recent Discounted Term Loan Prepayment as a result of a prepayment made by the Borrower on the applicable Discounted Prepayment Effective Date.][At least three (3) Business Days have passed since the date the Borrower was notified that no Term Lender was willing to accept any prepayment of any Term Loan and/or Other Term

 


(35)         List multiple tranches if applicable.

 

(36)         List multiple tranches if applicable.

 



 

Loan at the Specified Discount, within the Discount Range or at any discount to par value, as applicable, or in the case of Borrower Solicitation of Discounted Prepayment Offers, the date of the Borrower’s election not to accept any Solicited Discounted Prepayment Offers made by a Term Lender.](37)

 

3.     No Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing.

 

The Borrower acknowledges that the Auction Agent and the relevant Term Lenders are relying on the truth and accuracy of the foregoing representations and warranties in connection with the acceptance of any prepayment made in connection with a Solicited Discounted Prepayment Offer.

 

The Borrower requests that Auction Agent promptly notify each of the relevant Term Lenders party to the Credit Agreement of this Acceptance and Prepayment Notice.

 

[REMAINDER OF THE PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK]

 


(37)         Insert applicable representation.

 

O-2



 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed this Acceptance and Prepayment Notice as of the date first above written.

 

VFH PARENT LLC

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 


 

EXHIBIT P-1

 

FORM OF

UNITED STATES TAX COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATE

(For Non-U.S. Lenders That Are Not Partnerships For U.S. Federal Income Tax

Purposes)

 

Reference is made to that certain Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) dated as of November 8, 2013, among VFH Parent LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Borrower”), Virtu Financial LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, the banks and other lending institutions from time to time party thereto and Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, as Administrative Agent.  Capitalized terms used herein but not otherwise defined shall have the meaning given to such term in the Credit Agreement.

 

Pursuant to the provisions of Section 2.15(e) of the Credit Agreement, the undersigned hereby certifies that (i) it is the sole record and beneficial owner of the Loan(s) (as well as any note(s) evidencing such Loan(s)) in respect of which it is providing this certificate, (ii) it is not a “bank” within the meaning of Section 881(c)(3)(A) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, (the “Code”), (iii) it is not a ten percent shareholder of the Borrower within the meaning of Code Section 881(c)(3)(B), (iv) it is not a “controlled foreign corporation” described in Section 881(c)(3)(C) of the Code, and (v) no payments in connection with any Loan Document are effectively connected with a United States trade or business conducted by the undersigned.

 

The undersigned has furnished the Administrative Agent and the Borrower with a certificate of its non-U.S. person status on Internal Revenue Service Form W-8BEN.  By executing this certificate, the undersigned agrees that (1) if the information provided on this certificate changes, the undersigned shall promptly so inform the Borrower and the Administrative Agent in writing and (2) the undersigned shall furnish the Borrower and the Administrative Agent a properly completed and currently effective certificate in either the calendar year in which payment is to be made by the Borrower or the Administrative Agent to the undersigned, or in either of the two calendar years preceding such payment.

 

[Signature Page Follows]

 



 

 

[Lender]

 

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

 

 

[Address]

 

 

 

 

Dated:                , 20[  ]

 

 



 

EXHIBIT P-2

 

FORM OF

UNITED STATES TAX COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATE

(For Non-U.S. Lenders That Are Partnerships For U.S. Federal Income Tax

Purposes)

 

Reference is made to that certain Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) dated as of November 8, 2013, among VFH Parent LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Borrower”), Virtu Financial LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, the banks and other lending institutions from time to time party thereto and Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, as Administrative Agent.  Capitalized terms used herein but not otherwise defined shall have the meaning given to such term in the Credit Agreement.

 

Pursuant to the provisions of Section 2.15(e) of the Credit Agreement, the undersigned hereby certifies that (i) it is the sole record owner of the Loan(s) (as well as any note(s) evidencing such Loan(s)) in respect of which it is providing this certificate, (ii) its partners/members are the sole beneficial owners of such Loan(s) (as well as any note(s) evidencing such Loan(s)), (iii) neither the undersigned nor any of its partners/members is a bank within the meaning of Section 881(c)(3)(A) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, (the “Code”), (iv) none of its partners/members is a ten percent shareholder of the Borrower within the meaning of Code Section 881(c)(3)(B), (v) none of its partners/members is a “controlled foreign corporation” described in Section 881(c)(3)(C) of the Code, and (vi) no payments in connection with any Loan Document are effectively connected with a United States trade or business conducted by the undersigned or its partners/members.

 

The undersigned has furnished the Administrative Agent and the Borrower with Internal Revenue Service Form W-8IMY accompanied by an Internal Revenue Service Form W-8BEN from each of its partners/members claiming the portfolio interest exemption, provided that, for the avoidance of doubt, the foregoing shall not limit the obligation of the Lender to provide, in the case of a partner/member not claiming the portfolio interest exemption, a Form W-8ECI, Form W-9 or Form W-8IMY (including appropriate underlying certificates from each interest holder of such partner/member), in each case establishing such partner/member’s available exemption from U.S. federal withholding tax. By executing this certificate, the undersigned agrees that (1) if the information provided on this certificate changes, the undersigned shall promptly so inform the Borrower and the Administrative Agent and (2) the undersigned shall have at all times furnished the Borrower and the Administrative Agent in writing with a properly completed and currently effective certificate in either the calendar year in which each payment is to be made to the undersigned, or in either of the two calendar years preceding such payments.

 

[Signature Page Follows]

 



 

 

[Lender]

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

 

 

[Address]

 

 

 

 

Dated:               , 20[  ]

 

 



 

EXHIBIT P-3

 

FORM OF

UNITED STATES TAX COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATE

(For Non-U.S. Participants That Are Not Partnerships For U.S. Federal Income Tax

Purposes)

 

Reference is made to that certain Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) dated as of November 8, 2013, among VFH Parent LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Borrower”), Virtu Financial LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, the banks and other lending institutions from time to time party thereto and Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, as Administrative Agent.  Capitalized terms used herein but not otherwise defined shall have the meaning given to such term in the Credit Agreement.

 

Pursuant to the provisions of Section 2.15(e) and Section 9.04(c) of the Credit Agreement, the undersigned hereby certifies that (i) it is the sole record and beneficial owner of the participation in respect of which it is providing this certificate, (ii) it is not a bank within the meaning of Section 881(c)(3)(A) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, (the “Code”), (iii) it is not a ten percent shareholder of the Borrower within the meaning of Code Section 881(c)(3)(B), (iv) it is not a “controlled foreign corporation” described in Section 881(c)(3)(C) of the Code, and (v) no payments in connection with any Loan Document are effectively connected with a United States trade or business conducted by the undersigned.

 

The undersigned has furnished its participating non-U.S. Lender with a certificate of its non-U.S. person status on Internal Revenue Service Form W-8BEN.  By executing this certificate, the undersigned agrees that (1) if the information provided on this certificate changes, the undersigned shall promptly so inform such non-U.S. Lender in writing and (2) the undersigned shall have at all times furnished such non-U.S. Lender with a properly completed and currently effective certificate in either the calendar year in which each payment is to be made to the undersigned, or in either of the two calendar years preceding such payments.

 

[Signature Page Follows]

 



 

 

[Participant]

 

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

 

 

[Address]

 

 

 

 

Dated:                , 20[  ]

 

 



 

EXHIBIT P-4

 

FORM OF

UNITED STATES TAX COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATE

(For Non-U.S. Participants That Are Partnerships For U.S. Federal Income Tax

Purposes)

 

Reference is made to that certain Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) dated as of November 8, 2013, among VFH Parent LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Borrower”), Virtu Financial LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, the banks and other lending institutions from time to time party thereto and Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, as Administrative Agent.  Capitalized terms used herein but not otherwise defined shall have the meaning given to such term in the Credit Agreement.

 

Pursuant to the provisions of Section 2.15(e) and Section 9.04(c) of the Credit Agreement, the undersigned hereby certifies that (i) it is the sole record owner of the participation in respect of which it is providing this certificate, (ii) its partners/members are the sole beneficial owners of such participation, (iii) neither the undersigned nor any of its partners/members is a bank within the meaning of Section 881(c)(3)(A) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, (the “Code”), (iv) none of its partners/members is a ten percent shareholder of the Borrower within the meaning of Code Section 881(c)(3)(B), (v) none of its partners/members is a “controlled foreign corporation” described in Section 881(c)(3)(C) of the Code, and (vi) no payments in connection with any Loan Document are effectively connected with a United States trade or business conducted by the undersigned or its partners/members.

 

The undersigned has furnished its participating non-U.S. Lender with Internal Revenue Service Form W-8IMY accompanied by an Internal Revenue Service Form W-8BEN from each of its partners/members claiming the portfolio interest exemption, provided that, for the avoidance of doubt, the foregoing shall not limit the obligation of the undersigned to provide, in the case of a partner/member not claiming the portfolio interest exemption, a Form W-8ECI, Form W-9 or Form W-8IMY (including appropriate underlying certificates from each interest holder of such partner/member), in each case establishing such partner/member’s available exemption from U.S. federal withholding tax. By executing this certificate, the undersigned agrees that (1) if the information provided on this certificate changes, the undersigned shall promptly so inform such non-U.S. Lender in writing and (2) the undersigned shall have at all times furnished such non-U.S. Lender with a properly completed and currently effective certificate in either the calendar year in which each payment is to be made to the undersigned, or in either of the two calendar years preceding such payments.

 

[Signature Page Follows]

 



 

 

[Participant]

 

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title:

 

 

 

 

 

[Address]

 

 

 

 

Dated:              , 20[  ]

 

 


 

 

EXHIBIT Q

 

Form of Solvency Certificate

 

[   ], 2013

 

This Solvency Certificate (this “Certificate”) is delivered pursuant to Section 4.01(m) of the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of November 8, 2013 (as amended as of the date hereof, and as it may be further amended, supplemented or otherwise modified, the “Credit Agreement”), by and among VFH Parent LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Borrower”), Virtu Financial LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, the lending institutions from time to time parties thereto and Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, as the Administrative Agent.  Unless otherwise defined herein, capitalized terms used in this Certificate shall have the meanings set forth in the Credit Agreement.

 

I, [     ], the [Chief Financial Officer][Chief Operating Officer] of the Borrower, DO HEREBY CERTIFY on behalf of the Borrower that I have made such investigation and inquiries as to the financial condition of the Borrower and its subsidiaries as I have deemed necessary and prudent for the purposes of providing this Certificate.  I acknowledge that the Administrative Agent and the Lenders are relying on the truth and accuracy of this Certificate in connection with the making of Loans under the Credit Agreement.  I further certify that the financial information, projections and assumptions which underlie and form the basis for the representations made in this Certificate were made in good faith and were based on assumptions reasonably believed by the Borrower to be fair in light of the circumstances existing at the time made and continue to be fair as of the date hereof. I further certify, as of the date hereof, after giving effect to the consummation of the Transactions including the making of the Loans under the Credit Agreement on the date hereof, and after giving effect to the application of the proceeds of such Loans:

 

1.              The sum of the debt (including contingent liabilities) of Borrower and the Subsidiaries, on a consolidated basis, does not exceed the present fair value of the present assets of the Borrower and the Subsidiaries, on a consolidated basis.

 

2.              The present fair saleable value of the present assets of the Borrower and the Subsidiaries, on a consolidated basis, is not less than the amount that will be required to pay the probable liability of their debts (including contingent liabilities) as such debts become absolute and matured.

 

3.              The capital of the Borrower and the Subsidiaries, on a consolidated basis, is not unreasonably small in relation to their business as contemplated on the date hereof.

 

4.              The Borrower and the Subsidiaries, on a consolidated basis, have not incurred and do not intend to incur, or believe that they will incur, debts including current obligations, beyond their ability to pay such debts as they become due (whether at maturity or otherwise).

 

5.              The Borrower and the Subsidiaries, on a consolidated basis, are “solvent” within the meaning given to that term and similar terms under applicable laws relating to fraudulent transfers and conveyances.

 

6.              For purposes of this Certificate, the amount of any contingent liability has been computed as the amount that, in light of all of the facts and circumstances existing

 



 

as of the date hereof, represents the amount that can reasonably be expected to become an actual or matured liability (irrespective of whether such contingent liabilities meet the criteria for accrual under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 5).

 

7.              In reaching the conclusions set forth in this Certificate, the undersigned has made such other investigations and inquiries as the undersigned has deemed appropriate, having taken into account the nature of the particular business anticipated to be conducted by the Borrower and the Subsidiaries after consummation of the Transactions.

 

 [Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank]

 

Q-2



 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have executed this Certificate this as of the date first written above.

 

 

VFH PARENT LLC

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

 

 

Name:

 

 

Title: Chief [Financial]

 

 

[Operating] Officer

 



 

EXHIBIT R

 

Form of Compliance Certificate

 

This Compliance Certificate is delivered pursuant to Sections 5.01 and 5.03 of the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of November 8, 2013 (as amended, restated, extended, supplemented or otherwise modified in writing from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”), among VFH Parent LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Borrower”), Virtu Financial LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, the lenders from time to time party thereto and Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, as Administrative Agent.  Unless otherwise defined herein, terms defined in the Credit Agreement and used herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Credit Agreement.

 

I, the undersigned, hereby certify, in my capacity as a Financial Officer of the Borrower and not in my individual capacity, as follows:

 

1.                                      I have reviewed and am familiar with the contents of this Compliance Certificate.

 

2.                                      I have reviewed the terms of the Credit Agreement and have made or caused to be made under my supervision, a review in reasonable detail of the transactions and financial condition of the Borrower and the Subsidiaries during the accounting period covered by the financial statements attached hereto as Attachment 1 (the “Financial Statements”).  Such review did not disclose the existence during or at the end of the accounting period covered by the Financial Statements, and I have no knowledge of the existence, as of the date of this Compliance Certificate, of any condition or event which constitutes a Default.

 

3.                                      Attached hereto as Attachment 1 is the [unaudited consolidated balance sheet and unaudited consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity and cash flows as of the end of and for the fiscal quarter ended              and the then elapsed portion of the fiscal year, setting forth in each case in comparative form the figures for the corresponding period or periods of (or, in the case of the balance sheet, as of the end of) the previous fiscal year, all presenting fairly in all material respects the financial condition as of the end of and for such fiscal quarter and such portion of the fiscal year and results of operations and cash flows of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP consistently applied, subject to normal year-end audit adjustments and the absence of footnotes, and includes an accompanying customary management discussion and analysis (which, for the avoidance of doubt, does not, and is not required to, include strategy level detail with respect to operational performance, trading algorithms, “ticker-level” information or information that the Borrower otherwise reasonably considers to be proprietary or highly sensitive).] [Quarterly]

 

[audited consolidated balance sheet and audited consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity and cash flows of Holdings as of the

 



 

end of and for the fiscal year ended             , and related notes thereto, setting forth in each case in comparative form the figures for the previous fiscal year, all reported on by [KPMG LLP] (without a “going concern” or like qualification or exception (other than with respect to, or resulting from, any potential inability to satisfy the covenants in Sections 6.12 and 6.13 of the Credit Agreement in a future date or period) and without any qualification or exception as to the scope of such audit) to the effect that such consolidated financial statements present fairly in all material respects the financial condition as of the end of and for such year and results of operations and cash flows of Borrower and the Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP consistently applied, and includes an accompanying customary management discussion and analysis (which, for the avoidance of doubt, does not, and is not required to, include strategy level detail with respect to operational performance, trading algorithms, “ticker-level” information or information that the Borrower otherwise reasonably considers to be proprietary or highly sensitive).] [Annual]

 

4.                                      Attached hereto as Attachment 2 are the calculations demonstrating compliance with the covenants set forth in Sections 6.12 and 6.13 of the Credit Agreement.

 

5.                                      Attached hereto as Attachment 3 are the calculations detailing Excess Cash Flow for the fiscal quarter ended           .

 

6.                                      Attached hereto as Attachment 4 are the calculations of the Net Proceeds, if any, received during the fiscal [quarter][year] ended                  by or on behalf of the Borrower or any Restricted Subsidiary in respect of any event described in clause (a) of the definition of the term “Prepayment Event” and the portion of such Net Proceeds that has been invested or are intended to be reinvested in accordance with the proviso in Section 2.09(b) of the Credit Agreement.]

 

7.                                      There has been no change to the information required pursuant to Sections 1(a)(i), 1(b), 2, 5, 6 or 8 (other than 8(f)) of the Perfection Certificate since [the date of the Perfection Certificate delivered on the Closing Date][the delivery of the Compliance Certificate pursuant to Section 5.03(b) on         ][other than as set forth on the supplements attached hereto as Attachment 5]. [May be given 5 days later.]

 

8.                                      Attached hereto as Attachment 6 is the list identifying each Wholly Owned Subsidiaries that has become, or ceased to be, a Material Subsidiary during the most recently ended fiscal quarter. [May be given 5 days later.]

 

9.                                      [Attached hereto as Attachment 7 is the budget required under Section 5.01(f) of the Credit Agreement.] [Annual only]

 

10.                               [Attached hereto as Attachment 8 is the accountant’s certificate required under Section 5.01(e) of the Credit Agreement.] [Annual only; may be given 5 days later.]

 

R-2



 

11.                               All notices required to be given prior to the date of this Compliance Certificate by Section 5.03 of the Credit Agreement have been given. [May be given 5 days later.]

 

R-3



 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have executed this Compliance Certificate this            day of           .

 

 

 

 

Name:

 

Title:

 

[Signature Page to Compliance Certificate]

 




Exhibit 21.1

Subsidiaries of Virtu Financial, Inc.

 

Name

 

Jurisdiction of Organization

 

 

 

Virtu Financial LLC

 

Delaware

 

 

 

VFH Parent LLC

 

Delaware

 

 

 

Virtu Financial Operating LLC

 

Delaware

 

 

 

Virtu Financial Global Markets LLC

 

Delaware

 

 

 

Virtu Financial BD LLC

 

Delaware

 

 

 

Virtu Technologies LLC

 

Delaware

 

 

 

Blueline Comm LLC (f/k/a MVC Research LLC)

 

Delaware

 

 

 

Virtu Financial F/X LLC

 

Delaware

 

 

 

Virtu Financial Energy & Commodities LLC

 

Delaware

 

 

 

Virtu Financial Services LLC

 

Delaware

 

 

 

Virtu Financial Global Services LLC

 

Delaware

 

 

 

Virtu Financial Capital Markets LLC

 

New York

 

 

 

Virtu Financial Europe Limited

 

Dublin

 

 

 

VF Support Services Limited

 

Dublin

 

 

 

Virtu Financial Ireland Limited

 

Dublin

 

 

 

EWT Asia Pte Ltd.

 

Singapore

 

 

 

Virtu Financial Global Services Singapore Pte Ltd.

 

Singapore

 

 

 

Virtu Financial Singapore Pte Ltd.

 

Singapore

 

 

 

Virtu Financial Asia Pty Limited

 

Sydney

 

 

 

Virtu Financial Canada ULC

 

Nova Scotia