Virtu Financial, LLC

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virt-20210930

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2021

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number: 001-37352

Virtu Financial, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware			32-0420206
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)			(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)


One Liberty Plaza		10006
165 Broadway
New York,	New York
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

(212) 418-0100

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Class A common stock, par value $0.00001 per share

VIRT

The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

☒

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Securities Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒


Class of Stock						Shares outstanding as of November 3, 2021
Class A common stock, par value $0.00001 per share						112,339,058
Class C common stock, par value $0.00001 per share						9,763,065
Class D common stock, par value $0.00001 per share						60,091,740

Table of Contents

VIRTU FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

INDEX TO FORM 10-Q

FOR THE QUARTER ENDED September 30, 2021


		PAGE NUMBER

PART I -	FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (Unaudited)	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited)	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity (Unaudited)	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)	9
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	11

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	47

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	76

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	78

PART II -	OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	79

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	79

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	79

Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	79

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	80

Item 5.	Other Information	80

Item 6.	Exhibits	80

	SIGNATURES	81

Table of Contents

PART I

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Index to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements


			PAGE NUMBER



Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (Unaudited)			3

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited)			5

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity (Unaudited)			6

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)			9

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)			11

Table of Contents

Virtu Financial, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (Unaudited)


(in thousands, except share data)	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	683,836	$	889,559
Cash restricted or segregated under regulations and other	70,477		117,446
Securities borrowed	1,277,601		1,425,016
Securities purchased under agreements to resell	170,194		22,866
Receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations	1,452,426		1,684,006
Trading assets, at fair value:
Financial instruments owned	3,018,838		2,369,192
Financial instruments owned and pledged	959,056		746,539
Receivables from customers	414,244		214,478
Property, equipment and capitalized software (net of accumulated depreciation of $470,524 and $455,961 as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively)	103,963		113,590
Operating lease right-of-use assets	247,531		268,864
Goodwill	1,148,926		1,148,926
Intangibles (net of accumulated amortization of $236,581 and $183,494 as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively)	402,912		454,499
Deferred tax assets	176,279		193,070

Other assets ($87,926 and $68,316, at fair value, as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively)	303,194		317,747
Total assets	$	10,429,477	$	9,965,798

Liabilities and equity
Liabilities
Short-term borrowings	$	312,814	$	64,686
Securities loaned	1,017,436		948,256
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	583,268		461,235
Payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations	1,094,971		876,446
Payables to customers	182,939		118,826
Trading liabilities, at fair value:
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased	2,871,649		2,923,708
Tax receivable agreement obligations	254,660		271,165

Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	413,998		491,818
Operating lease liabilities	292,967		315,340
Long-term borrowings	1,604,062		1,639,280
Total liabilities	8,628,764		8,110,760

Commitments and Contingencies (Note 15)

Virtu Financial Inc. Stockholders' equity
Class A common stock (par value $0.00001), Authorized — 1,000,000,000 and 1,000,000,000 shares, Issued — 127,872,786 and 125,627,277 shares, Outstanding — 113,220,345 and 122,012,180 shares at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively	1		1
Class B common stock (par value $0.00001), Authorized — 175,000,000 and 175,000,000 shares, Issued and Outstanding — 0 and 0 shares at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively	—		—
Class C common stock (par value $0.00001), Authorized — 90,000,000 and 90,000,000 shares, Issued and Outstanding — 9,763,065 and 10,226,939 shares at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively	—		—
Class D common stock (par value $0.00001), Authorized — 175,000,000 and 175,000,000 shares, Issued and Outstanding — 60,091,740 and 60,091,740 shares at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively	1		1
Treasury stock, at cost, 14,652,441 and 3,615,097 shares at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively	(392,468)		(88,923)
Additional paid-in capital	1,209,064		1,160,567
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)	690,568		422,381
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(21,838)		(25,487)
Total Virtu Financial Inc. stockholders' equity	1,485,328		1,468,540

Table of Contents

Virtu Financial, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (Unaudited)


(in thousands, except share data)	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Noncontrolling interest	315,385		386,498
Total equity	1,800,713		1,855,038

Total liabilities and equity	$	10,429,477	$	9,965,798

See accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

Table of Contents

Virtu Financial, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except share and per share data)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Revenues:
Trading income, net	$	394,265	$	441,295	$	1,591,840	$	1,987,756
Interest and dividends income	9,704		10,932		26,246		46,788
Commissions, net and technology services	135,923		133,853		470,687		452,333
Other, net	4,452		70,032		17,108		75,758
Total revenue	544,344		656,112		2,105,881		2,562,635

Operating Expenses:
Brokerage, exchange, clearance fees and payments for order flow, net	158,862		196,448		588,885		573,769
Communication and data processing	55,627		51,647		159,824		162,336
Employee compensation and payroll taxes	84,552		35,798		273,172		327,091

Interest and dividends expense	26,586		27,374		75,585		97,656
Operations and administrative	18,228		24,612		65,636		73,480
Depreciation and amortization	16,636		16,656		49,764		50,728
Amortization of purchased intangibles and acquired capitalized software	16,933		18,265		53,087		56,177
Termination of office leases	238		60		5,126		343
Debt issue cost related to debt refinancing, prepayment and commitment fees	1,237		9,916		4,981		27,282
Transaction advisory fees and expenses	167		2,463		150		2,737


Financing interest expense on long-term borrowings	20,179		20,358		59,784		67,764
Total operating expenses	399,245		403,597		1,335,994		1,439,363
Income before income taxes and noncontrolling interest	145,099		252,515		769,887		1,123,272
Provision for income taxes	21,961		52,807		128,611		200,044
Net income	123,138		199,708		641,276		923,228
Noncontrolling interest	(52,631)		(82,999)		(268,454)		(386,311)

Net income available for common stockholders	$	70,507	$	116,709	$	372,822	$	536,917

Earnings per share
Basic	$	0.59	$	0.92	$	3.04	$	4.31
Diluted	$	0.59	$	0.92	$	3.01	$	4.29

Weighted average common shares outstanding
Basic	115,770,457		122,686,931		119,148,571		121,328,895
Diluted	116,623,115		123,772,005		120,373,160		121,939,839

Net income	$	123,138	$	199,708	$	641,276	$	923,228
Other comprehensive income
Foreign exchange translation adjustment, net of taxes	(7,843)		7,812		(11,452)		3,860
Net change in unrealized cash flow hedges gain (loss), net of taxes	3,498		314		18,197		(64,425)
Comprehensive income	118,793		207,834		648,021		862,663
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest	(51,007)		(86,761)		(271,552)		(360,302)
Comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders	$	67,786	$	121,073	$	376,469	$	502,361

See accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

Table of Contents

Virtu Financial, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity (Unaudited)

Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020


	Class A Common Stock			Class C Common Stock			Class D Common Stock			Treasury Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total Virtu Financial Inc. Stockholders' Equity		Noncontrolling Interest		Total Equity
(in thousands, except share and interest data)	Shares	Amounts		Shares	Amounts		Shares	Amounts		Shares	Amounts		Amounts




































































































Balance at December 31, 2020	125,627,277	$	1	10,226,939	$	—	60,091,740	$	1	(3,615,097)	$	(88,923)	$	1,160,567	$	422,381	$	(25,487)	$	1,468,540	$	386,498	$	1,855,038
Share based compensation	1,896,407	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		27,450		—		—		27,450		—		27,450

Treasury stock purchases	(615,794)	—		—	—		—	—		(2,277,409)	(63,359)		—		(16,059)		—		(79,418)		—		(79,418)
Stock options exercised	154,372	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		2,933		—		—		2,933		—		2,933

Net income	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		239,405		—		239,405		169,827		409,232
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		(2,165)		(2,165)		(1,511)		(3,676)
Net change in unrealized cash flow hedges gains (losses)	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		12,607		12,607		9,299		21,906
Dividends ($0.24 per share of Class A common stock and participating Restricted Stock Unit and Restricted Stock Awards) and distributions from Virtu Financial to noncontrolling interest	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		(30,147)		—		(30,147)		(159,239)		(189,386)

Issuance of common stock in connection with employee exchanges	91,757	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Repurchase of Virtu Financial Units and corresponding number of Class C common stock in connection with employee exchanges	—	—		(91,757)	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Balance at March 31, 2021	127,154,019	$	1	10,135,182	$	—	60,091,740	$	1	(5,892,506)	$	(152,282)	$	1,190,950	$	615,580	$	(15,045)	$	1,639,205	$	404,874	$	2,044,079
Share based compensation	32,916	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		7,444		—		—		7,444		—		7,444
Repurchase of Class C common stock	—	—		(45,622)	—		—	—		—	—		(1,323)		—		—		(1,323)		—		(1,323)
Treasury stock purchases	(5,489)	—		—	—		—	—		(3,358,003)	(101,305)		—		(114)		—		(101,419)		—		(101,419)
Stock options exercised	253,625	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		4,819		—		—		4,819		—		4,819
Net income	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		62,910		—		62,910		45,997		108,907
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		43		43		23		66
Net change in unrealized cash flow hedges gains (losses)	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		(4,115)		(4,115)		(3,091)		(7,206)
Dividends ($0.24 per share of Class A and Class B common stock and participating Restricted Stock Unit and Restricted Stock Awards) and distributions from Virtu Financial to noncontrolling interest	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		(29,483)		—		(29,483)		(103,062)		(132,545)

Issuance of common stock in connection with employee exchanges	290,524	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		—		—

Repurchase of Virtu Financial Units and corresponding number of Class C common stock in connection with employee exchanges	—	—		(290,524)	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		—		—

Balance at June 30, 2021	127,725,595	$	1	9,799,036	$	—	60,091,740	$	1	(9,250,509)	$	(253,587)	$	1,201,890	$	648,893	$	(19,117)	$	1,578,081	$	344,741	$	1,922,822
Share based compensation	103,154	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		6,803				—		6,803				6,803
Repurchase of Class C common stock		—		(12,980)	—		—	—		—	—		(370)				—		(370)				(370)
Treasury stock purchases	(17,954)	—		—	—		—	—		(5,401,932)	(138,881)				(496)		—		(139,377)				(139,377)
Stock options exercised	39,000	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		741				—		741				741
Net income	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		70,507		—		70,507		52,631		123,138
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—				(4,912)		(4,912)		(2,931)		(7,843)
Net change in unrealized cash flow hedges gains (losses)	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—				2,191		2,191		1,307		3,498
Dividends ($0.24 per share of Class A and Class B common stock and participating Restricted Stock Unit and Restricted Stock Award) and distributions from Virtu Financial to noncontrolling interest	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		(28,336)		—		(28,336)		(80,363)		(108,699)

Table of Contents


	Class A Common Stock			Class C Common Stock			Class D Common Stock			Treasury Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total Virtu Financial Inc. Stockholders' Equity		Noncontrolling Interest		Total Equity
(in thousands, except share and interest data)	Shares	Amounts		Shares	Amounts		Shares	Amounts		Shares	Amounts		Amounts
Issuance of common stock in connection with employee exchanges	22,991	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		—		—

Repurchase of Virtu Financial Units and corresponding number of Class C common stock in connection with employee exchanges	—	—		(22,991)	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		—		—

Balance at September 30, 2021	127,872,786	$	1	9,763,065	$	—	60,091,740	$	1	(14,652,441)	$	(392,468)	$	1,209,064	$	690,568	$	(21,838)	$	1,485,328	$	315,385	$	1,800,713


	Class A Common Stock			Class C Common Stock			Class D Common Stock			Treasury Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total Virtu Financial Inc. Stockholders' Equity		Noncontrolling Interest		Total Equity
(in thousands, except share and interest data)	Shares	Amounts		Shares	Amounts		Shares	Amounts		Shares	Amounts		Amounts
Balance at December 31, 2019	120,435,912	$	1	12,887,178	$	—	60,091,740	$	1	(2,178,771)	$	(55,005)	$	1,077,398	$	(90,374)	$	(647)	$	931,374	$	297,562	$	1,228,936
Share based compensation	1,854,961	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		21,357		—		—		21,357		—		21,357

Treasury stock purchases	(642,869)	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		(9,801)		—		(9,801)		—		(9,801)
Stock options exercised	213,129	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		3,206		—		—		3,206		—		3,206
Warrants issued	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		11,486		—		—		11,486		—		11,486
Net income	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		221,069		—		221,069		167,169		388,238
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		(5,884)		(5,884)		(4,512)		(10,396)
Net change in unrealized cash flow hedges gains (losses)	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		(31,468)		(31,468)		(24,134)		(55,602)
Dividends ($0.24 per share of Class A common stock and participating Restricted Stock Units and Restricted Stock Awards) and distributions from Virtu Financial to noncontrolling interest	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		(29,602)		—		(29,602)		(19,165)		(48,767)

Issuance of common stock in connection with employee exchanges	724,327	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Repurchase of Virtu Financial Units and corresponding number of Class C common stock in connection with employee exchanges	—	—		(724,327)	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Balance at March 31, 2020	122,585,460	$	1	12,162,851	$	—	60,091,740	$	1	(2,178,771)	$	(55,005)	$	1,113,447	$	91,292	$	(37,999)	$	1,111,737	$	416,920	$	1,528,657
Share based compensation	36,771	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		7,839		—		—		7,839		—		7,839

Treasury stock purchases	(8,727)	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		(360)		—		(360)		—		(360)
Stock options exercised	404,794	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		7,691		—		—		7,691		—		7,691
Net income	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		199,142		—		199,142		136,143		335,285
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		3,674		3,674		2,770		6,444
Net change in unrealized cash flow hedges gains (losses)	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		(5,242)		(5,242)		(3,895)		(9,137)
Dividends ($0.24 per share of Class A and Class B common stock and participating Restricted Stock Units and Restricted Stock Award) and distributions from Virtu Financial to noncontrolling interest	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		(30,201)		—		(30,201)		(145,211)		(175,412)

Issuance of common stock in connection with employee exchanges	1,635,912	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		—		—

Repurchase of Virtu Financial Units and corresponding number of Class C common stock in connection with employee exchanges	—	—		(1,635,912)	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		—		—

Balance at June 30, 2020	124,654,210	$	1	10,526,939	$	—	60,091,740	$	1	(2,178,771)	$	(55,005)	$	1,128,977	$	259,873	$	(39,567)	$	1,294,280	$	406,727	$	1,701,007
Share based compensation	234,981	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		10,568		—		—		10,568		—		10,568

Treasury stock purchases	(79,570)	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		(2,418)		—		(2,418)		—		(2,418)

Table of Contents


	Class A Common Stock			Class C Common Stock			Class D Common Stock			Treasury Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total Virtu Financial Inc. Stockholders' Equity		Noncontrolling Interest		Total Equity
(in thousands, except share and interest data)	Shares	Amounts		Shares	Amounts		Shares	Amounts		Shares	Amounts		Amounts
Stock options exercised	189,704	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		3,604		—		—		3,604		—		3,604
Net income	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		116,709		—		116,709		82,999		199,708
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		4,213		4,213		3,599		7,812
Net change in unrealized cash flow hedges gains (losses)	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		151		151		163		314
Dividends ($0.24 per share of Class A and Class B common stock and participating Restricted Stock Unit and Restricted Stock Award) and distributions from Virtu Financial to noncontrolling interest	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		(30,347)		—		(30,347)		(83,441)		(113,788)


Issuance of common stock in connection with employee exchanges	60,000	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		—		—

Repurchase of Virtu Financial Units and corresponding number of Class C common stock in connection with employee exchanges	—	—		(60,000)	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		—		—

Balance at September 30, 2020	125,059,325	$	1	10,466,939	$	—	60,091,740	$	1	(2,178,771)	$	(55,005)	$	1,143,149	$	343,817	$	(35,203)	$	1,396,760	$	410,047	$	1,806,807

See accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

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Virtu Financial, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$	641,276	$	923,228

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	49,764		50,728
Amortization of purchased intangibles and acquired capitalized software	53,087		56,177
Debt issue cost related to debt refinancing and prepayment	649		7,555
Amortization of debt issuance costs and deferred financing fees	5,243		24,164
Termination of office leases	5,126		343
Share-based compensation	38,260		37,510




Deferred taxes	16,791		22,204

Gain on sale of MATCHNow	—		(58,652)
Other	(15,093)		(14,750)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Securities borrowed	147,415		602,920
Securities purchased under agreements to resell	(147,328)		125,619
Receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations	231,580		(563,297)
Trading assets, at fair value	(862,163)		(51,507)
Receivables from customers	(199,766)		(73,408)
Operating lease right-of-use assets	20,135		27,457
Other assets	43,898		(67,469)
Securities loaned	69,180		(894,310)
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	122,033		126,253
Payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations	236,722		(216,143)
Payables to customers	64,113		52,261
Trading liabilities, at fair value	(52,059)		292,177
Operating lease liabilities	(22,373)		(34,738)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	(71,968)		109,276
Net cash provided by operating activities	374,522		483,598

Cash flows from investing activities
Development of capitalized software	(30,154)		(27,463)
Acquisition of property and equipment	(16,326)		(21,717)



Proceeds from sale of MATCHNow	—		60,592

Other investing activities	(18,960)		(7,968)




Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(65,440)		3,444

Cash flows from financing activities

Dividends to stockholders and distributions from Virtu Financial to noncontrolling interest	(430,630)		(337,966)


Repurchase of Class C common stock	(1,693)		—
Purchase of treasury stock	(320,214)		(12,579)
Stock options exercised	8,493		14,502
Short-term borrowings, net	249,622		49,388


Repayment of long term borrowings	(36,737)		(288,500)

Tax receivable agreement obligations	(16,505)		(13,286)
Debt issuance costs	(2,658)		(9,779)




Net cash used in financing activities	(550,322)		(598,220)

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(11,452)		3,860

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(252,692)		(107,318)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted or segregated cash, beginning of period	1,007,005		773,280
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted or segregated cash, end of period	$	754,313	$	665,962


Supplementary disclosure of cash flow information

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	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020
Cash paid for interest	$	115,890	$	137,750
Cash paid for taxes	130,565		207,387

Non-cash investing activities
Share-based and accrued incentive compensation to developers relating to capitalized software	12,935		9,672

See accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

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Virtu Financial, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(dollars in thousands, except shares and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)

1. Organization and Basis of Presentation

Organization

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts and operations of Virtu Financial, Inc. (“VFI” or, collectively with its wholly owned or controlled subsidiaries, “Virtu” or the “Company”). VFI is a Delaware corporation whose primary asset is its ownership interest in Virtu Financial LLC (“Virtu Financial”). As of September 30, 2021, VFI owned approximately 62.6% of the membership interests of Virtu Financial. VFI is the sole managing member of Virtu Financial and operates and controls all of the businesses and affairs of Virtu Financial and its subsidiaries (the “Group”).

The Company is a leading financial firm that leverages cutting edge technology to deliver liquidity to the global markets and innovative, transparent trading solutions to its clients. The Company provides deep liquidity in over 25,000 financial instruments, on over 235 venues, in 36 countries worldwide to help create more efficient markets. Leveraging its global market structure expertise and scaled, multi-asset infrastructure, the Company provides its clients with a robust product suite including offerings in execution, liquidity sourcing, analytics and broker-neutral, multi-dealer platforms in workflow technology. The Company’s product offerings allow its clients to trade on hundreds of venues in over 50 countries and across multiple asset classes, including global equities, Exchange-Traded Funds ("ETFs"), foreign exchange, futures, fixed income and other commodities. The Company’s integrated, multi-asset analytics platform provides a range of pre- and post-trade services, data products and compliance tools that its clients rely upon to invest, trade and manage risk across global markets.

The Company has completed two significant acquisitions over the past five years that have expanded and complemented Virtu Financial's original electronic trading and marking making business. On July 20, 2017 (the “KCG Closing Date”), the Company completed the all-cash acquisition of KCG Holdings, Inc. (“KCG”) (the “Acquisition of KCG”). On March 1, 2019 (the “ITG Closing Date”), the Company completed the acquisition of Investment Technology Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries (“ITG”) in an all-cash transaction valued at $30.30 per ITG share, for a total of approximately $1.0 billion (the “ITG Acquisition”). ITG's business contributes to the Company's Execution Services segment.

Virtu Financial’s principal United States ("U.S.") subsidiary is Virtu Americas LLC (“VAL”), which is a U.S. broker-dealer. Other principal U.S. subsidiaries include Virtu Financial Global Markets LLC, a U.S. trading entity focused on futures and currencies; Virtu ITG Analytics LLC, a provider of pre- and post-trade analysis, fair value, and trade optimization services; and Virtu ITG Platforms LLC, a provider of workflow technology solutions and network connectivity services. Principal foreign subsidiaries include Virtu Financial Ireland Limited ("VFIL") and Virtu ITG Europe Limited ("VIEL"), each formed in Ireland; Virtu ITG UK Limited ("VIUK"), formed in the United Kingdom; Virtu ITG Canada Corp. and Virtu Financial Canada ULC, each formed in Canada; Virtu Financial Asia Pty Ltd. and Virtu ITG Australia Limited, each formed in Australia; Virtu ITG Hong Kong Limited, formed in Hong Kong; and Virtu Financial Singapore Pte. Ltd. and Virtu ITG Singapore Pte. Ltd., each formed in Singapore, all of which are trading entities focused on asset classes in their respective geographic regions.

The Company has two operating segments: (i) Market Making and (ii) Execution Services; and one non-operating segment: Corporate. See Note 21 "Geographic Information and Business Segments" for a further discussion of the Company’s segments.

Basis of Consolidation and Form of Presentation

These condensed consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars, have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding financial reporting with respect to Form 10-Q and accounting standards generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) promulgated by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC” or the “Codification”), and reflect all adjustments that, in the opinion of management, are normal and recurring, and that are necessary for a fair statement of the results for the periods presented. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted in accordance with SEC rules and regulations. The condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited and should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. The condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company include its equity interests in Virtu Financial and its subsidiaries. As sole managing member of Virtu Financial, the Company exerts control over the Group’s operations. The Company

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consolidates Virtu Financial and its subsidiaries’ financial statements and records the interests in Virtu Financial that the Company does not own as noncontrolling interests. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior period's condensed consolidated financial statements in order to conform to the current period presentation. Such reclassifications are immaterial, individually and in the aggregate, to both current and all previously issued financial statements taken as a whole and have no effect on previously reported consolidated net income available to common stockholders.

Effective for the quarter ended March 31, 2021, the Company changed the presentation of its Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity and Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. As a result, the Company combined $30.3 million of Dividends to stockholders and $83.4 million of Distribution from Virtu Financial to noncontrolling interest, and $90.1 million of Dividends to stockholders and $247.8 million of Distribution from Virtu Financial to noncontrolling interest into one line, Dividends to stockholders and distribution from Virtu Financial to noncontrolling interest for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. Dividends and distributions from Virtu Financial to noncontrolling interest both represent cash payments by the Company to its equity owners which reduce Total equity.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

For a detailed discussion of the Company's significant accounting policies, see Note 2 "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" in our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Accounting Pronouncements, Recently Adopted

Income Taxes - In December 2019, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. The ASU removes certain exceptions related to the approach for intraperiod tax allocation, the methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period, and the recognition of deferred tax liabilities for outside basis differences. The ASU also amends other aspects of the guidance relating to the accounting for franchise taxes, enacted changes in tax laws or rates, the accounting for transactions that result in a step-up in the tax basis of goodwill, and other tax-related items. The Company adopted this ASU on January 1, 2021 and it did not have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

Accounting Pronouncements, Not Yet Adopted as of September 30, 2021

Reference Rate Reform - In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, which is designed to ease the potential burden in accounting for the transition away from LIBOR. The ASU applies to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued and replaced with alternative reference rates as a result of reference rate reform. The ASU provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The ASU is effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope, which expands the scope of Topic 848 to include derivative instruments that are affected by changes in the interest rates used for margining, discounting or contract price alignment as part of the market transition to new reference rates (the "discounting transition"). The Company is evaluating the impact of these ASUs, but does not expect it to have a material impact on its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures.

Convertible Instruments - In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity's Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40). The ASU simplifies accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity, including convertible instruments and contracts in an entity's own equity and updates selected earnings per share ("EPS") guidance. The ASU is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2021. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new standard on its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures.

3. Sale of MATCHNow

In May 2020, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement ("SPA") with Cboe Global Markets, Inc. (“CBOE”) pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell 100% of the outstanding interests in TriAct Canada Marketplace LP

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and TCM Corp., which operate an equities alternative trading system (“MATCHNow”) in Canada. Pursuant to the terms of the SPA, the Company also agreed to enter into a licensing agreement for the licensing of certain software and intellectual property used in support of MATCHNow.

On August 4, 2020 (the "MATCHNow Closing Date"), the Company completed the sale of MATCHNow to CBOE for total gross proceeds of $60.6 million in cash, with additional contingent consideration of up to approximately $23.0 million. The Company incurred one-time transaction costs including professional fees related to the sale of $2.5 million, which were recorded in Transaction advisory fees and expenses on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. The Company recognized a gain on sale of $58.7 million, which was recorded in Other, net on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the year ended September 30, 2020.

A summary of the carrying value of MATCHNow and gain on sale of MATCHNow is as follows:


(in thousands)
Total sale proceeds received	$	60,592
Total carrying value of MATCHNow as of MATCHNow Closing Date	(1,940)
Gain on sale of MATCHNow	58,652
Transaction costs	(2,453)
Gain on sale of MATCHNow, net of transaction costs	$	56,199

Contingent consideration may be earned based on the future performance of MATCHNow following the MATCHNow Closing Date. Deferred payments will be assessed quarterly until December 31, 2022 and recorded in Other, net on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income when the contingency is resolved and payments become payable by CBOE.

In addition, the Company entered into a Transition Services Agreement ("TSA") with CBOE, pursuant to which the Company agreed to provide certain telecom and general and administrative services for a defined period. Income from performing services under the TSA are recorded in Other, net on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

With the licensing of certain software and intellectual property associated with MATCHNow, the Company performed an assessment of impairment of long-lived intangible assets acquired in connection with the ITG acquisition, of which MATCHNow technology was a component. No impairment was recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.

4. Earnings per Share

The below table contains a reconciliation of net income (loss) before noncontrolling interest to net income (loss) available for common stockholders:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Income before income taxes and noncontrolling interest	$	145,099	$	252,515	$	769,887	$	1,123,272
Provision for income taxes	21,961		52,807		128,611		200,044
Net income	123,138		199,708		641,276		923,228



Noncontrolling interest	(52,631)		(82,999)		(268,454)		(386,311)

Net income available for common stockholders	$	70,507	$	116,709	$	372,822	$	536,917

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The calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share is presented below:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except for share or per share data)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Basic earnings (loss) per share:
Net income available for common stockholders	$	70,507	$	116,709	$	372,822	$	536,917

Less: Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities	(2,222)		(3,417)		(10,335)		(14,210)
Net income available for common stockholders, net of dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities	68,285		113,292		362,487		522,707

Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding:
Class A	115,770,457		122,686,931		119,148,571		121,328,895

Basic earnings (loss) per share	$	0.59	$	0.92	$	3.04	$	4.31


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except for share or per share data)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Diluted earnings (loss) per share:
Net income available for common stockholders, net of dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities	$	68,285	$	113,292	$	362,487	$	522,707

Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding:
Class A
Issued and outstanding	115,770,457		122,686,931		119,148,571		121,328,895
Issuable pursuant to Amended and Restated 2015 Management Incentive Plan, Amended and Restated Investment Technology Group, Inc. 2007 Omnibus Equity Compensation Plan, and Warrants issued in connection with the Founder Member Loan	852,657		1,085,074		1,224,589		610,944
	116,623,114		123,772,005		120,373,160		121,939,839

Diluted earnings (loss) per share	$	0.59	$	0.92	$	3.01	$	4.29

5. Tax Receivable Agreements

For a detailed discussion of the Company's tax receivable agreements, see Note 7 "Tax Receivable Agreements" in our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

For purposes of the tax receivable agreements, the cash savings realized by the Company are computed by comparing the actual income tax liability of the Company to the amount of such taxes the Company would have been required to pay had there been (i) no increase to the tax basis of the assets of Virtu Financial as a result of the purchase or exchange of Virtu Financial Units, (ii) no tax benefit from the tax basis in the intangible assets of Virtu Financial on the date of the IPO and (iii) no tax benefit as a result of the Net Operating Losses (“NOLs”) and other tax attributes of Virtu Financial. Subsequent adjustments of the tax receivable agreements obligations due to certain events (e.g., changes to the expected realization of NOLs or changes in tax rates) will be recognized within income before taxes and noncontrolling interests in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

The Company made its first payment of $7.0 million in February 2017, its second payment of $12.4 million in September 2018, its third payment of $13.3 million in March 2020, and its fourth payment of $16.5 million in April 2021. Tax receivable payments are expected to range from approximately $0.9 million to $21.7 million per year over the next 15 years.

At September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company’s remaining deferred tax assets that relate to the matters described above were approximately $184.3 million and $199.1 million, respectively, and the Company’s liabilities over the next 15 years pursuant to the tax receivable agreements were approximately $254.7 million and $271.2 million, respectively. The amounts recorded as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 are based on best estimates available at the respective dates and may be subject to change after the filing of the Company’s U.S. federal and state income tax returns for the years in which tax savings were realized.

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6. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The Company has two operating segments: (i) Market Making; (ii) Execution Services; and one non-operating segment: Corporate. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company’s total amount of goodwill recorded was $1,148.9 million. No goodwill impairment was recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.

The following table presents the details of goodwill by segment as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:


(in thousands)	Market Making		Execution Services		Corporate		Total



Balance as of period-end	$	755,292	$	393,634	$	—	$	1,148,926

As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company's total amount of intangible assets recorded was $402.9 million and $454.5 million, respectively. Acquired intangible assets consisted of the following as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:


	As of September 30, 2021
(in thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Useful Lives (Years)
Customer relationships	$	486,600	$	(130,182)	$	356,418	10	to	12
Technology	136,000		(97,966)		38,034		1	to	6
Favorable occupancy leases	5,895		(3,433)		2,462		3	to	15
Exchange memberships	3,998		—		3,998		Indefinite
Trade name	3,600		(3,100)		500			3
ETF issuer relationships	950		(950)		—			9
ETF buyer relationships	950		(950)		—			9
Other	$	1,500	$	—	$	1,500	Indefinite
	$	639,493	$	(236,581)	$	402,912


	As of December 31, 2020
(in thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Useful Lives (Years)
Customer relationships	$	486,600	$	(94,299)	$	392,301	10	to	12
Technology	136,000		(82,403)		53,597		1	to	6
Favorable occupancy leases	5,895		(2,839)		3,056		3	to	15
Exchange memberships	3,998		—		3,998		Indefinite
Trade name	3,600		(2,200)		1,400			3
ETF issuer relationships	950		(877)		73			9
ETF buyer relationships	950		(876)		74			9
Other	$	—	$	—	$	—	Indefinite
	$	637,993	$	(183,494)	$	454,499

Amortization expense relating to finite-lived intangible assets was approximately $16.9 million and $18.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectfully, and $53.1 million and $56.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. This is included in Amortization of purchased intangibles and acquired capitalized software in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

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The Company expects to record amortization expense as follows over the remaining current year and the next five subsequent years:


(in thousands)
Remainder of 2021	$	16,580
2022	64,852
2023	63,960
2024	50,845
2025	47,879
2026	47,879

7. Receivables from/Payables to Broker-Dealers and Clearing Organizations

The following is a summary of receivables from and payables to brokers-dealers and clearing organizations at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:



(in thousands)	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Assets
Due from prime brokers	$	557,316	$	697,293
Deposits with clearing organizations	181,987		216,962
Net equity with futures commission merchants	239,697		248,943
Unsettled trades with clearing organizations	3,380		118,777
Securities failed to deliver	444,138		372,965
Commissions and fees	25,908		29,066
Total receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations	$	1,452,426	$	1,684,006

Liabilities
Due to prime brokers	$	606,840	$	410,772
Net equity with futures commission merchants	69,147		77,257
Unsettled trades with clearing organizations	113,250		228,070
Securities failed to receive	304,598		156,804
Commissions and fees	1,136		3,543
Total payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations	$	1,094,971	$	876,446

Included as a deduction from “Due from prime brokers” and “Net equity with futures commission merchants” is the outstanding principal balance on all of the Company’s prime brokerage credit facilities (described in Note 9 "Borrowings") of approximately $202.5 million and $134.7 million as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The loan proceeds from the credit facilities are available only to meet the initial margin requirements associated with the Company’s ordinary course futures and other trading positions, which are held in the Company’s trading accounts with an affiliate of the respective financial institutions. The credit facilities are fully collateralized by the Company’s trading accounts and deposit accounts with these financial institutions. “Securities failed to deliver” and “Securities failed to receive” include amounts with a clearing organization and other broker-dealers.

8. Collateralized Transactions

The Company is permitted to sell or repledge securities received as collateral and use these securities to secure repurchase agreements, enter into securities lending transactions or deliver these securities to counterparties or clearing organizations to cover short positions. At September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, substantially all of the securities received as collateral have been repledged.

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The fair value of the collateralized transactions at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 are summarized as follows:


(in thousands)	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Securities received as collateral:
Securities borrowed	$	1,221,032	$	1,374,266
Securities purchased under agreements to resell	170,194		22,866
	$	1,391,226	$	1,397,132

In the normal course of business, the Company pledges qualified securities with clearing organizations to satisfy daily margin and clearing fund requirements.

Financial instruments owned and pledged, where the counterparty has the right to repledge, at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 consisted of the following:


(in thousands)	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Equities	$	947,661	$	734,024

Exchange traded notes	11,395		12,515
	$	959,056	$	746,539

9. Borrowings

Short-term Borrowings, net

The following summarizes the Company's short-term borrowing balances outstanding, net of related debt issuance costs, with each described in further detail below.


	September 30, 2021
(in thousands)	Borrowing Outstanding		Deferred Debt Issuance Cost		Short-term Borrowings, net
Broker-dealer credit facilities	$	178,000	$	(1,881)	$	176,119
Short-term bank loans	136,695		—		136,695

	$	314,695	$	(1,881)	$	312,814


	December 31, 2020
(in thousands)	Borrowing Outstanding		Deferred Debt Issuance Cost		Short-term Borrowings, net
Broker-dealer credit facilities	$	36,400	$	(387)	$	36,013
Short-term bank loans	28,673		—		28,673

	$	65,073	$	(387)	$	64,686

Broker-Dealer Credit Facilities

The Company is a party to two secured credit facilities with a financial institution to finance overnight securities positions purchased as part of its ordinary course broker-dealer market making activities. One of the facilities (the “Uncommitted Facility”) is provided on an uncommitted basis with an aggregate borrowing limit of $400 million, and is collateralized by VAL's trading and deposit account maintained at the financial institution. The second credit facility (the “Committed Facility”) with the same financial institution has a borrowing limit of $600 million. The Committed Facility consists of two borrowing bases: Borrowing Base A Loan is to be used to finance the purchase and settlement of securities; Borrowing Base B Loan is to be used to fund margin deposit with the National Securities Clearing Corporation. Borrowing Base A Loans are available up to $600 million and bear interest at the adjusted LIBOR or base rate plus 1.25% per annum. Borrowing Base B Loans are subject to a sublimit of $200 million and bear interest at the adjusted LIBOR or base rate plus 2.50% per annum. A commitment fee of 0.50% per annum on the average daily unused portion of this facility is payable quarterly in arrears.

On March 10, 2020, VAL entered into a short-term loan arrangement with Jefferies Financial Group, Inc., as lender, for a $20 million demand loan (the "Demand Loan") repayable no later than ninety (90) days after the date of borrowing. The Demand Loan bore interest at a rate of 10% per annum, increased by 2.0% with respect to any principal amounts not paid when due and payable. The Demand Loan was repaid in full as of April 17, 2020.

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On March 20, 2020, VAL entered into a Loan Agreement (the “Founder Member Loan Facility”) with TJMT Holdings LLC (the “Founder Member”), as lender and administrative agent, providing for unsecured term loans from time to time (the “Founder Member Loans”) in an aggregate original principal amount not to exceed $300 million. The Founder Member Loans were available to be borrowed in one or more borrowings on or after March 20, 2020 and prior to September 20, 2020 (the "Founder Member Loan Term"). The Founder Member Loan Facility Term expired as of September 20, 2020 without VAL having borrowed any Founder Member Loans at any time. The Founder Member is an affiliate of Mr. Vincent Viola, the Company’s founder and Chairman Emeritus. Upon the execution of and in consideration for the Lender’s (as defined in the Founder Member Loan Facility) commitments under the Founder Member Loan Facility, the Company delivered to the Founder Member a warrant to purchase shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock. Terms of the warrant are set forth in further detail in Note 18 "Capital Structure".

The following summarizes the Company’s broker-dealer credit facilities' carrying values, net of unamortized debt issuance costs, where applicable. These balances are included within Short-term borrowings on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.


	At September 30, 2021
(in thousands)	Interest Rate	Financing Available		Borrowing Outstanding		Deferred Debt Issuance Cost		Outstanding Borrowings, net
Broker-dealer credit facilities:
Uncommitted facility	1.25%	$	400,000	$	178,000	$	(1,881)	$	176,119
Committed facility	2.61%	600,000		—		—		—


		$	1,000,000	$	178,000	$	(1,881)	$	176,119


	At December 31, 2020
(in thousands)	Interest Rate	Financing Available		Borrowing Outstanding		Deferred Debt Issuance Cost		Outstanding Borrowings, net
Broker-dealer credit facilities:
Uncommitted facility	1.25%	$	400,000	$	36,400	$	(387)	$	36,013
Committed facility	1.40%	600,000		—		—		—
		$	1,000,000	$	36,400	$	(387)	$	36,013

The following summarizes interest expense for the broker-dealer facilities. Interest expense is included within Interest and dividends expense in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Broker-dealer credit facilities:
Uncommitted facility	$	540	$	244	$	1,790	$	1,007
Committed facility	—		71		57		433
Demand Loan	—		—		—		211

	$	540	$	315	$	1,847	$	1,651

Short-Term Bank Loans

The Company’s international securities clearance and settlement activities are funded with operating cash or with short-term bank loans in the form of overdraft facilities. At September 30, 2021, there was $136.7 million associated with international settlement activities outstanding under these facilities at a weighted average interest rate of approximately 1.2%. At December 31, 2020, there was $28.7 million associated with international settlement activities outstanding under these facilities at a weighted average interest rate of approximately 2.4%. These short-term bank loan balances are included within Short-term borrowings on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

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Prime Brokerage Credit Facilities

The Company maintains short-term credit facilities with various prime brokers and other financial institutions from which it receives execution or clearing services. The proceeds of these facilities are used to meet margin requirements associated with the products traded by the Company in the ordinary course, and amounts borrowed are collateralized by the Company’s trading accounts with the applicable financial institution.


	At September 30, 2021
(in thousands)	Weighted Average Interest Rate	Financing Available		Borrowing Outstanding
Prime Brokerage Credit Facilities:
Prime brokerage credit facilities (1)	2.78%	$	616,000	$	202,480
		$	616,000	$	202,480


	At December 31, 2020
(in thousands)	Weighted Average Interest Rate	Financing Available		Borrowing Outstanding
Prime Brokerage Credit Facilities:
Prime brokerage credit facilities (1)	2.77%	$	616,000	$	134,664
		$	616,000	$	134,664

(1) Outstanding borrowings are included with Receivables from/Payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

Interest expense in relation to the facilities was approximately $1.4 million and $1.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, and $3.5 million and $3.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Long-Term Borrowings

The following summarizes the Company’s long-term borrowings, net of unamortized discount and debt issuance costs, where applicable:


		At September 30, 2021
(in thousands)	Maturity Date	Interest Rate	Outstanding Principal		Discount		Deferred Debt Issuance Cost		Outstanding Borrowings, net
Long-term borrowings:
First Lien Term Loan Facility	March 2026	3.08%	$	1,599,774	$	(3,949)	$	(23,187)	$	1,572,638

SBI bonds	January 2023	5.00%	31,450		—		(26)		31,424
			$	1,631,224	$	(3,949)	$	(23,213)	$	1,604,062


		At December 31, 2020
(in thousands)	Maturity Date	Interest Rate	Outstanding Principal		Discount		Deferred Debt Issuance Cost		Outstanding Borrowings, net
Long-term borrowings:
First Lien Term Loan Facility	March 2026	3.15%	$	1,636,512	$	(4,723)	$	(26,367)	$	1,605,422

SBI bonds	January 2023	5.00%	33,898		—		(40)		33,858
			$	1,670,410	$	(4,723)	$	(26,407)	$	1,639,280

Credit Agreement

In connection with the ITG Acquisition, Virtu Financial, VFH Parent LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a subsidiary of Virtu Financial ("VFH") and Impala Borrower LLC, a subsidiary of the Company (the "Acquisition Borrower") entered into a Credit Agreement (the "Credit Agreement"), with the lenders party thereto, Jefferies Finance LLC, as administrative agent and Jefferies Finance LLC and RBC Capital Markets, as joint lead arrangers and joint bookrunners.

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The Credit Agreement provided (i) a senior secured first lien term loan (together with the Incremental Term Loans, as defined below; the “First Lien Term Loan Facility”) in an aggregate principal amount of $1,500 million, drawn in its entirety on the ITG Closing Date, of which amount approximately $404.5 million was borrowed by VFH to repay all amounts outstanding under a previous term loan facility and the remaining approximately $1,095 million was borrowed by the Acquisition Borrower to finance the consideration and fees and expenses paid in connection with the ITG Acquisition, and (ii) a $50.0 million senior secured first lien revolving facility to VFH (the “First Lien Revolving Facility”), with a $5.0 million letter of credit subfacility and a $5.0 million swingline subfacility. After the ITG Closing Date, VFH assumed the obligations of the Acquisition Borrower in respect of the acquisition term loans.

On October 9, 2019, VFH entered into an amendment (“Amendment No. 1”), which amended the Credit Agreement dated as of March 1, 2019 to, among other things, provide for $525.0 million in aggregate principal amount of incremental term loans (the “Incremental Term Loans”), and amend the related collateral agreement.

On March 2, 2020, VFH entered into a second amendment (“Amendment No. 2”), which further amended the Credit Agreement (as amended by Amendment No. 1 and Amendment No. 2, the “Amended Credit Agreement”) to, among other things, reduce the interest rate spread over adjusted LIBOR or the alternate base rate by 0.50% per annum and eliminated any stepdown in the spread based on VFH's first lien leverage ratio. The term loan borrowings and revolver borrowings under the Amended Credit Agreement bear interest at a per annum rate equal to, at the Company's election, either (i) the greatest of (a) the prime rate in effect, (b) the greater of (1) the federal funds effective rate and (2) the overnight bank funding rate, in each case plus 0.50%, (c) an adjusted LIBOR rate for a Eurodollar borrowing with an interest period of one month plus 1.00% and (d) 1.00%, plus, in each case, 2.00%, or (ii) the greater of (x) an adjusted LIBOR rate for the interest period in effect and (y) 0%, plus, in each case, 3.00%. In addition, a commitment fee accrues at a rate of 0.50% per annum on the average daily unused amount of the First Lien Revolving Facility, with stepdowns to 0.375% and 0.25% per annum based on VFH’s first lien leverage ratio, and is payable quarterly in arrears.

The First Lien Revolving Facility under the Amended Credit Agreement is subject to a springing net first lien leverage ratio test which may spring into effect as of the last day of a fiscal quarter if usage of the aggregate revolving commitments exceeds a specified level as of such date. VFH is also subject to contingent principal prepayments based on excess cash flow and certain other triggering events. Borrowings under the Amended Credit Agreement are guaranteed by Virtu Financial and VFH’s material non-regulated domestic restricted subsidiaries and secured by substantially all of the assets of VFH and the guarantors, in each case, subject to certain exceptions.

Under the Amended Credit Agreement, the term loans will mature on March 1, 2026. The term loans amortize in annual installments equal to 1.0% of the original aggregate principal amount of the term loans. As of September 30, 2021, $1,600 million was outstanding under the First Lien Term Loan Facility. The revolving commitments will terminate on March 1, 2022. There were no outstanding borrowings under the First Lien Revolving Facility as of September 30, 2021 or December 31, 2020.

The Amended Credit Agreement contains certain customary covenants and events of default, including relating to a change of control. If an event of default occurs and is continuing, the lenders under the Amended Credit Agreement will be entitled to take various actions, including the acceleration of amounts outstanding under the Amended Credit Agreement and all actions permitted to be taken by a secured creditor in respect of the collateral securing the obligations under the Amended Credit Agreement.

In October 2019, the Company entered into a five-year $525 million floating-to-fixed interest rate swap agreement. The Company also entered into a five-year $1,000 million floating-to-fixed interest rate swap agreement in January 2020. As these two interest rate swaps met the criteria to be considered qualifying cash flow hedges under ASC 815 in 2020, they effectively fix interest payment obligations on $525.0 million and $1,000 million of principal under the First Lien Term Loan Facility at rates of 4.3% and 4.4% through September 2024 and January 2025, respectively, based on the interest rates set forth in the Amended Credit Agreement. In April 2021, each of the swap agreements described above was novated to another counterparty and amended in connection with such novation. The amendments included certain changes to collateral posting obligations, and also had the effect of increasing the effective fixed interest payment obligations to rates of 4.5%, with respect to the earlier maturing swap arrangement, and 4.6% with respect to the later maturing swap arrangement.

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SBI Bonds

On July 25, 2016, VFH issued Japanese Yen Bonds (collectively the “SBI Bonds”) in the aggregate principal amount of ¥3.5 billion ($33.1 million at issuance date) to SBI Life Insurance Co., Ltd. and SBI Insurance Co., Ltd. The proceeds from the SBI Bonds were used to partially fund the investment in Japannext Co., Ltd. (as described in Note 10 "Financial Assets and Liabilities"). The SBI Bonds are guaranteed by Virtu Financial. The SBI Bonds are subject to fluctuations on the Japanese Yen currency rates relative to the Company’s reporting currency (U.S. Dollar) with the changes reflected in Other, net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. In December 2019, the maturity date of the SBI Bonds was extended to January 2023. The principal balance was ¥3.5 billion ($31.5 million) as of September 30, 2021 and ¥3.5 billion ($33.9 million) as of December 31, 2020. The Company had a gain of $0.1 million and a loss of $0.8 million during the three months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, respectively, and a gain of $2.4 million and a loss of $1.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, due to changes in foreign currency rates.

As of September 30, 2021, aggregate future required minimum principal payments based on the terms of the long-term borrowings were as follows:


(in thousands)	September 30, 2021
Remainder of 2021	$	—
2022	—
2023	31,450
2024	—
2025	—
Thereafter	1,599,774
Total principal of long-term borrowings	$	1,631,224

10. Financial Assets and Liabilities

Financial Instruments Measured at Fair Value

The fair value of equities, options, on-the-run U.S. government obligations and exchange traded notes is estimated using recently executed transactions and market price quotations in active markets and are categorized as Level 1 with the exception of inactively traded equities and certain other financial instruments, which are categorized as Level 2. The Company’s corporate bonds, derivative contracts and other U.S. and non-U.S. government obligations have been categorized as Level 2. Fair value of the Company’s derivative contracts is based on the indicative prices obtained from a number of banks and broker-dealers, as well as management’s own analyses. The indicative prices have been independently validated through the Company’s risk management systems, which are designed to check prices with information independently obtained from exchanges and venues where such financial instruments are listed or to compare prices of similar instruments with similar maturities for listed financial futures in foreign exchange.

The Company prices certain financial instruments held for trading at fair value based on theoretical prices, which can differ from quoted market prices. The theoretical prices reflect price adjustments primarily caused by the fact that the Company continuously prices its financial instruments based on all available information. This information includes prices for identical and near-identical positions, as well as the prices for securities underlying the Company’s positions, on other exchanges that are open after the exchange on which the financial instruments is traded closes. The Company validates that all price adjustments can be substantiated with market inputs and checks the theoretical prices independently. Consequently, such financial instruments are classified as Level 2.

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Fair value measurements for those items measured on a recurring basis are summarized below as of September 30, 2021:


	September 30, 2021
(in thousands)	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Counterparty and Cash Collateral Netting		Total Fair Value
Assets
Financial instruments owned, at fair value:
Equity securities	$	436,245	$	2,117,572	$	—	$	—	$	2,553,817
U.S. and Non-U.S. government obligations	216,125		19,947		—		—		236,072
Corporate Bonds	—		201,086		—		—		201,086
Exchange traded notes	427		8,285		—		—		8,712
Currency forwards	—		311,230		—		(300,399)		10,831
Options	8,320		—		—		—		8,320
	$	661,117	$	2,658,120	$	—	$	(300,399)	$	3,018,838

Financial instruments owned, pledged as collateral:
Equity securities	$	576,478	$	371,183	$	—	$	—	$	947,661

Exchange traded notes	5,389		6,006		—		—		11,395
	$	581,867	$	377,189	$	—	$	—	$	959,056

Other Assets
Equity investment	$	—	$	—	$	85,317	$	—	$	85,317
Exchange stock	2,609		—		—		—		2,609
	$	2,609	$	—	$	85,317	$	—	$	87,926

Liabilities
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value:
Equity securities	$	1,336,070	$	825,070	$	—	$	—	$	2,161,140
U.S. and Non-U.S. government obligations	285,997		12,747		—		—		298,744
Corporate Bonds	—		349,299		—		—		349,299
Exchange traded notes	835		4,750		—		—		5,585
Currency forwards	—		316,352		—		(308,611)		7,741
Options	49,140		—		—		—		49,140
	$	1,672,042	$	1,508,218	$	—	$	(308,611)	$	2,871,649

Payables to broker dealers and clearing organizations:
Interest rate swap	$	—	$	43,608	$	—	$	—	$	43,608

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Fair value measurements for those items measured on a recurring basis are summarized below as of December 31, 2020:


	December 31, 2020
(in thousands)	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Counterparty and Cash Collateral Netting		Total Fair Value
Assets
Financial instruments owned, at fair value:
Equity securities	$	761,484	$	1,194,105	$	—	$	—	$	1,955,589
U.S. and Non-U.S. government obligations	151,723		48,059		—		—		199,782
Corporate Bonds	—		135,518		—		—		135,518
Exchange traded notes	106		19,721		—		—		19,827
Currency forwards	—		341,360		—		(291,964)		49,396
Options	9,080		—		—		—		9,080
	$	922,393	$	1,738,763	$	—	$	(291,964)	$	2,369,192
Financial instruments owned, pledged as collateral:
Equity securities	$	496,943	$	237,081	$	—	$	—	$	734,024

Exchange traded notes	2		12,513		—		—		12,515
	$	496,945	$	249,594	$	—	$	—	$	746,539
Other Assets
Equity investment	$	—	$	—	$	66,030	$	—	$	66,030
Exchange stock	2,286		—		—		—		2,286

	$	2,286	$	—	$	66,030	$	—	$	68,316




Liabilities
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value:
Equity securities	$	1,307,082	$	1,137,968	$	—	$	—	$	2,445,050
U.S. and Non-U.S. government obligations	83,173		19,984		—		—		103,157
Corporate Bonds	—		358,734		—		—		358,734
Exchange traded notes	—		7,431		—		—		7,431
Currency forwards	—		292,965		—		(292,870)		95
Options	9,241		—		—		—		9,241
	$	1,399,496	$	1,817,082	$	—	$	(292,870)	$	2,923,708

Payables to broker dealers and clearing organizations:
Interest rate swap	$	—	$	63,513	$	—	$	—	$	63,513

JNX Investment

The Company has a minority investment (the “JNX Investment”) in Japannext Co., Ltd. (“JNX”), formerly known as SBI Japannext Co., Ltd., a proprietary trading system based in Tokyo. In connection with the JNX Investment, the Company issued the SBI Bonds (as described in Note 9 "Borrowings") and used the proceeds to partially finance the transaction. The JNX Investment is included within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. As of September 30, 2020 and 2021, the fair value of the JNX Investment was determined using a weighted average of valuations using 1) the discounted cash flow method, an income approach; 2) a market approach based on average enterprise value/EBITDA ratios of comparable companies; and to a lesser extent 3) a transaction approach based on transaction values of comparable companies. The fair value measurement is highly sensitive to significant changes in the unobservable inputs, and significant increases (decreases) in discount rate or decreases (increases) in enterprise value/EBITDA multiples would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement.

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The table below presents information on the valuation techniques, significant unobservable inputs and their ranges for the JNX Investment:

September 30, 2021

(in thousands)

Fair Value

Valuation Technique

Significant Unobservable Input

Range

Weighted Average

Equity investment

85,317

Discounted cash flow

Estimated revenue growth

2.4% - 22.7%

8.5

Discount rate

14.4% - 14.4%

14.4

Market

Future enterprise value/ EBIDTA ratio

9.8x - 44.5x

17.2x

December 31, 2020

(in thousands)

Fair Value

Valuation Technique

Significant Unobservable Input

Range

Weighted Average

Equity investment

66,030

Discounted cash flow

Estimated revenue growth

(9.0)% - 39.0%

9.6

Discount rate

14.4% - 14.4%

14.4

Market

Future enterprise value/ EBIDTA ratio

12.2x - 21.9x

13.8x

Changes in the fair value of the JNX Investment are included within Other, net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

The following presents the changes in the Company's Level 3 financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis:


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
(in thousands)	Balance at June 30, 2021		Purchases		Total Realized and Unrealized Gains / (Losses) (1)		Net Transfers into (out of) Level 3		Settlement		Balance at September 30, 2021		Change in Net Unrealized Gains / (Losses) on Investments still held at September 30, 2021
Assets
Other assets:
Equity investment	$	78,313	$	—	$	7,004	$	—	$	—	$	85,317	$	7,004

Total	$	78,313	$	—	$	7,004	$	—	$	—	$	85,317	$	7,004
(1) Total realized and unrealized gains/(losses) includes gains and losses realized on the SBI Bonds (see Note 9 "Borrowings" for more details) due to fluctuations in currency rates as well as gains and losses recognized on changes in the fair value of the JNX Investment.


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
(in thousands)	Balance at June 30, 2020		Purchases		Total Realized and Unrealized Gains / (Losses) (1)		Net Transfers into (out of) Level 3		Settlement		Balance at September 30, 2020		Change in Net Unrealized Gains / (Losses) on Investments still held at September 30, 2020
Assets
Other assets:
Equity investment	$	51,599	$	—	$	13,104	$	—	$	—	$	64,703	$	13,104

Total	$	51,599	$	—	$	13,104	$	—	$	—	$	64,703	$	13,104
(1) Total realized and unrealized gains/(losses) includes gains and losses realized on the SBI Bonds (see Note 9 "Borrowings" for more details) due to fluctuations in currency rates as well as gains and losses recognized on changes in the fair value of the JNX Investment.

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	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
(in thousands)	Balance at December 31, 2020		Purchases		Total Realized and Unrealized Gains / (Losses) (1)		Net Transfers into (out of) Level 3		Settlement		Balance at September 30, 2021		Change in Net Unrealized Gains / (Losses) on Investments still held at September 30, 2021
Assets
Other assets:
Equity investment	$	66,030	$	—	$	19,287	$	—	$	—	$	85,317	$	19,287

Total	$	66,030	$	—	$	19,287	$	—	$	—	$	85,317	$	19,287
(1) Total realized and unrealized gains/(losses) includes gains and losses realized on the SBI Bonds (see Note 9 "Borrowings" for more details) due to fluctuations in currency rates as well as gains and losses recognized on changes in the fair value of the JNX Investment.


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
(in thousands)	Balance at December 31, 2019		Purchases		Total Realized and Unrealized Gains / (Losses) (1)		Net Transfers into (out of) Level 3		Settlement		Balance at September 30, 2020		Change in Net Unrealized Gains / (Losses) on Investments still held at September 30, 2020
Assets
Other assets:
Equity investment	$	46,245	$	—	$	18,458	$	—	$	—	$	64,703	$	18,458

Total	$	46,245	$	—	$	18,458	$	—	$	—	$	64,703	$	18,458
(1) Total realized and unrealized gains/(losses) includes gains and losses realized on the SBI Bonds (see Note 9 "Borrowings" for more details) due to fluctuations in currency rates as well as gains and losses recognized on changes in the fair value of the JNX Investment.

Financial Instruments Not Measured at Fair Value

The table below presents the carrying value, fair value and fair value hierarchy category of certain financial instruments that are not measured at fair value on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The table below excludes non-financial assets and liabilities. The carrying value of financial instruments not measured at fair value categorized in the fair value hierarchy as Level 1 and Level 2 approximates fair value due to the relatively short-term nature of the underlying assets. The fair value of the Company’s long-term borrowings is based on quoted prices from the market for similar instruments, and is categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

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The table below summarizes financial assets and liabilities not carried at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2021:


	September 30, 2021
	Carrying Value				Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
(in thousands)			Fair Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	683,836	$	683,836	$	683,836	$	—	$	—
Cash restricted or segregated under regulations and other	70,477		70,477		70,477		—		—
Securities borrowed	1,277,601		1,277,601		—		1,277,601		—
Securities purchased under agreements to resell	170,194		170,194		—		170,194		—
Receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations	1,452,426		1,452,426		415		1,452,011		—
Receivables from customers	414,244		414,244		—		414,244		—
Other assets (1)	14,427		14,427		—		14,427		—
Total Assets	$	4,083,205	$	4,083,205	$	754,728	$	3,328,477	$	—

Liabilities
Short-term borrowings	$	312,814	$	314,695	$	—	$	314,695	$	—
Long-term borrowings	1,604,062		1,629,224		—		1,629,224		—
Securities loaned	1,017,436		1,017,436		—		1,017,436		—
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	583,268		583,268		—		583,268		—
Payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations (2)	1,094,971		1,094,971		532,533		562,438		—
Payables to customers	182,939		182,939		—		182,939		—
Other liabilities (3)	8,904		8,904		—		8,904		—
Total Liabilities	$	4,804,394	$	4,831,437	$	532,533	$	4,298,904	$	—
(1) Includes cash collateral and deposits, and interest and dividends receivables.
(2) Payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations include interest rate swaps carried at fair value.
(3) Includes deposits, interest and dividends payable.

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The table below summarizes financial assets and liabilities not carried at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2020:


	December 31, 2020
	Carrying Value				Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
(in thousands)			Fair Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	889,559	$	889,559	$	889,559	$	—	$	—
Cash restricted or segregated under regulations and other	117,446		117,446		117,446		—		—
Securities borrowed	1,425,016		1,425,016		—		1,425,016		—
Securities purchased under agreements to resell	22,866		22,866		—		22,866		—
Receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations	1,684,006		1,684,006		173,578		1,510,428		—
Receivables from customers	214,478		214,478		—		214,478		—
Other assets (1)	21,735		21,735		—		21,735		—
Total Assets	$	4,375,106	$	4,375,106	$	1,180,583	$	3,194,523	$	—

Liabilities
Short-term borrowings	64,686		65,073		—		65,073		—
Long-term borrowings	1,639,280		1,672,456		—		1,672,456		—
Securities loaned	948,256		948,256		—		948,256		—
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	461,235		461,235		—		461,235		—
Payables to broker dealer and clearing organizations (2)	876,446		876,446		3,517		872,929		—
Payables to customers	118,826		118,826		—		118,826		—
Other liabilities (3)	9,208		9,208		—		9,208		—
Total Liabilities	$	4,117,937	$	4,151,500	$	3,517	$	4,147,983	$	—
(1) Includes cash collateral and deposits, and interest and dividends receivables.
(2) Payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations include interest rate swaps carried at fair value.
(3) Includes deposits, interest and dividends payable.

Offsetting of Financial Assets and Liabilities

The Company does not net securities borrowed and securities loaned, or securities purchased under agreements to resell and securities sold under agreements to repurchase. These financial instruments are presented on a gross basis in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. In the tables below, the amounts of financial instruments owned that are not offset in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, but could be netted against financial liabilities with specific counterparties under legally enforceable master netting agreements in the event of default, are presented to provide financial statement readers with the Company’s estimate of its net exposure to counterparties for these financial instruments.

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The following tables set forth the gross and net presentation of certain financial assets and financial liabilities as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:


	September 30, 2021
	Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets		Amounts Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition		Net Amounts of Assets Presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition		Amounts Not Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition

(in thousands)							Financial Instrument Collateral		Counterparty Netting/ Cash Collateral		Net Amount
Offsetting of Financial Assets:
Securities borrowed	$	1,277,601	$	—	$	1,277,601	$	(1,221,032)	$	(8,097)	$	48,472
Securities purchased under agreements to resell	170,194		—		170,194		(170,194)		—		—
Trading assets, at fair value:
Currency forwards	311,230		(300,399)		10,831		—		—		10,831
Options	8,320		—		8,320		—		(8,320)		—
Total	$	1,767,345	$	(300,399)	$	1,466,946	$	(1,391,226)	$	(16,417)	$	59,303


	Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities		Amounts Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition		Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition		Amounts Not Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition

(in thousands)							Financial Instruments		Counterparty Netting/ Cash Collateral		Net Amount
Offsetting of Financial Liabilities:
Securities loaned	$	1,017,436	$	—	$	1,017,436	$	(995,181)	$	(12,655)	$	9,600
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	583,268		—		583,268		(583,268)		—		—
Payable to broker-dealers and clearing organizations
Interest rate swaps	43,608		—		43,608		—		—		43,608
Trading liabilities, at fair value:
Currency forwards	316,352		(308,611)		7,741		—		—		7,741
Options	49,140		—		49,140		—		(8,320)		40,820
Total	$	2,009,804	$	(308,611)	$	1,701,193	$	(1,578,449)	$	(20,975)	$	101,769


	December 31, 2020
	Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets		Amounts Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition		Net Amounts of Assets Presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition		Amounts Not Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition

(in thousands)							Financial Instrument Collateral		Counterparty Netting/ Cash Collateral		Net Amount
Offsetting of Financial Assets:
Securities borrowed	$	1,425,016	$	—	$	1,425,016	$	(1,374,266)	$	(9,686)	$	41,064
Securities purchased under agreements to resell	22,866		—		22,866		(22,866)		—		—
Trading assets, at fair value:
Currency forwards	341,360		(291,964)		49,396		—		—		49,396
Options	9,080		—		9,080		—		(9,080)		—
Total	$	1,798,322	$	(291,964)	$	1,506,358	$	(1,397,132)	$	(18,766)	$	90,460

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	Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets		Amounts Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition		Net Amounts of Assets Presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition		Amounts Not Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition

(in thousands)							Financial Instrument Collateral		Counterparty Netting/ Cash Collateral		Net Amount
Offsetting of Financial Liabilities:
Securities loaned	$	948,256	$	—	$	948,256	$	(921,593)	$	(17,800)	$	8,863
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	461,235		—		461,235		(461,235)		—		—
Interest rate swaps	63,513		—		63,513		—		(63,162)		351
Trading liabilities, at fair value:
Currency forwards	292,965		(292,870)		95		—		—		95
Options	9,241		—		9,241		—		(9,080)		161
Total	$	1,775,210	$	(292,870)	$	1,482,340	$	(1,382,828)	$	(90,042)	$	9,470

The following table presents gross obligations for securities sold under agreements to repurchase and for securities lending transactions by remaining contractual maturity and the class of collateral pledged:


	September 30, 2021
	Remaining Contractual Maturity
(in thousands)	Overnight and Continuous		Less than 30 days		30 - 60 days		61 - 90 Days		Greater than 90 days		Total

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase:
Equity securities	$	—	$	125,000	$	50,000	$	160,000	$	50,000	$	385,000
U.S. and Non-U.S. government obligations	198,268		—		—		—				198,268
Total	$	198,268	$	125,000	$	50,000	$	160,000	$	50,000	$	583,268

Securities loaned:
Equity securities	$	1,017,436	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,017,436
Total	$	1,017,436	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,017,436


	December 31, 2020
	Remaining Contractual Maturity
(in thousands)	Overnight and Continuous		Less than 30 days		30 - 60 days		61 - 90 Days		Greater than 90 days		Total

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase:
Equity securities	$	—	$	125,000	$	50,000	$	200,000	$	—	$	375,000
U.S. and Non-U.S. government obligations	86,235		—		—		—		—		86,235
Total	$	86,235	$	125,000	$	50,000	$	200,000	$	—	$	461,235

Securities loaned:
Equity securities	948,256		—		—		—		—		948,256
Total	$	948,256	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	948,256

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11. Derivative Instruments

The fair value of the Company’s derivative instruments on a gross basis consisted of the following at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:


(in thousands)		September 30, 2021				December 31, 2020
Derivatives Assets	Financial Statements Location	Fair Value		Notional		Fair Value		Notional
Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments:
Equities futures	Receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations	$	(753)	$	1,371,507	$	4,669	$	2,208,899
Commodity futures	Receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations	(217)		137,010		173,889		6,237,389
Currency futures	Receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations	1,964		847,313		(11,736)		2,823,277
Fixed income futures	Receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations	158		16,292		42		102,476

Options	Financial instruments owned	8,320		934,627		9,080		746,723
Currency forwards	Financial instruments owned	311,230		28,029,260		341,360		30,596,681


Derivatives Liabilities	Financial Statements Location	Fair Value		Notional		Fair Value		Notional
Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments:
Equities futures	Payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations	$	1,240	$	398,517	$	31	$	90,219
Commodity futures	Payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations	(533,414)		9,633,999		(5,397)		27,287
Currency futures	Payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations	(6,057)		2,664,776		3,598		2,269,898
Fixed income futures	Payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations	97		51,091		—		1,566
Options	Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased	49,140		936,594		9,241		736,997
Currency forwards	Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased	316,352		28,031,821		292,965		30,572,490

Derivative instruments designated as hedging instruments:

Interest rate swaps	Payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations	43,608		1,525,000		63,513		1,525,000

Amounts included in receivables from and payables to broker-dealers and clearing organizations represent net variation margin on long and short futures contracts as well as amounts receivable or payable on interest rate swaps.

The following table summarizes the net gain (loss) from derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815, which are recorded in total revenues, and from those designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815, which are recorded in other comprehensive income in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.

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		Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	Financial Statements Location	2021		2020		2021		2020
Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments:
Futures	Trading income, net	$	84,875	$	(12,262)	$	213,569	$	11,440
Currency forwards	Trading income, net	(49,599)		62,465		12,756		255,044
Options	Trading income, net	9,455		35,343		63,016		61,643
Interest rate swap on term loan	Other, net	(474)		(1,417)		(1,397)		(1,417)
		$	44,257	$	84,129	$	287,944	$	326,710

Derivative instruments designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swaps (1)	Other comprehensive income	$	4,112	$	314	$	21,453	$	(64,425)

		$	4,112	$	314	$	21,453	$	(64,425)

(1) The Company entered into a five-year $1,000 million floating-to-fixed interest rate swap agreement in the first quarter of 2020 and a five-year $525 million floating-to-fixed interest rate swap agreement in the fourth quarter of 2019. These two interest rate swaps met the criteria to be considered qualifying cash flow hedges under ASC 815 in the first quarter of 2020, and as such, the mark-to-market gains (losses) on the instruments were recorded within Other comprehensive income on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income beginning in the first quarter of 2020.

12. Variable Interest Entities

A variable interest entity (“VIE”) is an entity that lacks one or more of the following characteristics: (i) the total equity investment at risk is sufficient to enable the entity to finance its activities independently and (ii) the equity holders have the power to direct the activities of the entity that most significantly impact its economic performance, the obligation to absorb the losses of the entity and the right to receive the residual returns of the entity.

The Company will be considered to have a controlling financial interest and will consolidate a VIE if it has both (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE.

The Company has interests in two joint ventures (“JV”) that build and maintain microwave communication networks in the U.S., Europe, and Asia. The Company and its JV partners each pay monthly fees for the use of the microwave communication networks in connection with their respective trading activities, and the JVs may sell excess bandwidth that is not utilized by the JV members to third parties. As of September 30, 2021, the Company held noncontrolling interests of 10% and 50%, respectively, in these JVs.

The Company has an interest in a JV that offers derivatives trading technology and execution services to broker-dealers, professional traders and select hedge funds. As of September 30, 2021, the Company held approximately a 10% noncontrolling interest in this JV.

The Company has an interest in a JV that is developing a member-owned equities exchange with the goal of increasing competition and transparency, while reducing fixed costs and simplifying execution of equity trading in the U.S. As of September 30, 2021, the Company held approximately a 14.1% noncontrolling interest in this JV.

The Company's four JVs meet the criteria to be considered VIEs, which it does not consolidate. The Company records its interest in each JV under the equity method of accounting and records its investment in the JVs within Other assets and its amounts payable for communication services provided by the applicable JVs within Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Statements of Financial Condition. The Company records its pro-rata share of each JV's earnings or losses within Other, net and fees related to the use of communication services provided by the JVs within Communications and data processing on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

The Company’s exposure to the obligations of these VIEs is generally limited to its interests in each respective JV, which is the carrying value of the equity investment in each JV.

The following table presents the Company’s nonconsolidated VIEs at September 30, 2021:

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	Carrying Amount				Maximum Exposure to Loss		VIEs' assets
(in thousands)	Asset		Liability
Equity investment	$	30,388	$	—	$	30,388	$	154,789

The following table presents the Company’s nonconsolidated VIEs at December 31, 2020:


	Carrying Amount				Maximum Exposure to Loss		VIEs' assets
(in thousands)	Asset		Liability
Equity investment	$	28,969	$	—	$	28,969	$	175,547

13. Revenues from Contracts with Customers

For more information on revenue recognition and the nature of services provided, see Note 2 "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" and Note 14 "Revenues from Contracts with Customers" to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company's 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Disaggregation of Revenues

The following tables present the Company’s revenue from contracts with customers disaggregated by service, by timing of revenue recognition, reconciled to the Company’s segments, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
(in thousands)	Market Making		Execution Services		Corporate		Total
Revenues from contracts with customers:
Commissions, net	$	8,894	$	93,474	$	—	$	102,368

Workflow technology	—		23,149		—		23,149
Analytics	—		10,406		—		10,406
Total revenue from contracts with customers	8,894		127,029		—		135,923

Other sources of revenue	400,396		5,520		2,505		408,421

Total revenues	$	409,290	$	132,549	$	2,505	$	544,344

Timing of revenue recognition:
Services transferred at a point in time	$	409,290	$	114,010	$	2,505	$	525,805
Services transferred over time	—		18,539		—		18,539
Total revenues	$	409,290	$	132,549	$	2,505	$	544,344

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	Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
(in thousands)	Market Making		Execution Services		Corporate		Total
Revenues from contracts with customers:
Commissions, net	$	9,391	$	91,460	$	—	$	100,851
Workflow technology	—		23,044		—		23,044

Analytics	—		9,958		—		9,958
Total revenue from contracts with customers	9,391		124,462		—		133,853

Other sources of revenue	465,207		58,218		(1,166)		522,259

Total revenues	$	474,598	$	182,680	$	(1,166)	$	656,112

Timing of revenue recognition:
Services transferred at a point in time	$	474,598	$	164,018	$	(1,166)	$	637,450
Services transferred over time	—		18,662		—		18,662
Total revenues	$	474,598	$	182,680	$	(1,166)	$	656,112



	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
(in thousands)	Market Making		Execution Services		Corporate		Total
Revenues from contracts with customers:
Commissions, net	$	32,111	$	332,000	$	—	$	364,111

Workflow technology	—		75,572		—		75,572
Analytics	—		31,004		—		31,004
Total revenue from contracts with customers	32,111		438,576		—		470,687

Other sources of revenue	1,603,444		21,342		10,408		1,635,194

Total revenues	$	1,635,555	$	459,918	$	10,408	$	2,105,881

Timing of revenue recognition:
Services transferred at a point in time	$	1,635,555	$	404,371	$	10,408	$	2,050,334
Services transferred over time	—		55,547		—		55,547
Total revenues	$	1,635,555	$	459,918	$	10,408	$	2,105,881


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
(in thousands)	Market Making		Execution Services		Corporate		Total
Revenues from contracts with customers:
Commissions, net	$	9,526	$	333,823	$	—	$	343,349

Workflow technology	—		78,376		—		78,376
Analytics	—		30,608				30,608
Total revenue from contracts with customers	9,526		442,807		—		452,333

Other sources of revenue	2,054,774		57,814		(2,286)		2,110,302

Total revenues	$	2,064,300	$	500,621	$	(2,286)	$	2,562,635

Timing of revenue recognition:
Services transferred at a point in time	$	2,064,300	$	444,683	$	(2,286)	$	2,506,697
Services transferred over time	—		55,938		—		55,938
Total revenues	$	2,064,300	$	500,621	$	(2,286)	$	2,562,635

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Remaining Performance Obligations and Revenue Recognized from Past Performance Obligations

As of September 30, 2021 and 2020, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to the performance obligations relating to workflow technology and analytics revenues that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) was not material.

The Company recognized $0.5 million and $0.6 million of revenue related to performance obligations satisfied in previous period for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities

The timing of the revenue recognition may differ from the timing of payment from customers. The Company records a receivable when revenue is recognized prior to payment, and when the Company has an unconditional right to payment. The Company records a contract liability when payment is received prior to the time at which the satisfaction of the service obligation occurs.

Receivables related to revenues from contracts with customers amounted to $49.1 million and $57.3 million as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The Company did not identify any contract assets. There were no impairment losses on receivables as of September 30, 2021.

Deferred revenue primarily relates to deferred commissions allocated to analytics products and subscription fees billed in advance of satisfying the performance obligations. Deferred revenue related to contracts with customers was $10.0 million and $9.3 million as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The Company recognized revenue of $9.2 million and $8.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 respectively, and $24.4 million and $23.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively that had been initially recorded as deferred revenue.

The Company has not identified any costs to obtain or fulfill its contracts under ASC 606.

14. Income Taxes

The Company is subject to U.S. federal, state and local income tax at the rate applicable to corporations less the rate attributable to the noncontrolling interest in Virtu Financial. These noncontrolling interests are subject to U.S. taxation as partnerships. Accordingly, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, the income attributable to these noncontrolling interests was reported in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, but the related U.S. income tax expense attributable to these noncontrolling interests was not reported by the Company as it is the obligation of the individual partners. The Company’s provisions for income taxes and effective tax rates were $22.0 million, 15.1%, and $52.8 million, 20.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $128.6 million, 16.7% and $200.0 million, 17.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Income tax expense is also affected by the differing effective tax rates in foreign, state and local jurisdictions where certain of the Company’s subsidiaries are subject to corporate taxation.

Included in Other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 are current income tax receivables of $49.8 million and $83.1 million, respectively. The balances at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 primarily comprised income tax benefits due to the Company from federal, state, local, and foreign tax jurisdictions based on income before taxes. Included in Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 are current tax liabilities of $12.6 million and $37.9 million, respectively. The balances at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 primarily comprise income taxes owed to federal, state and local, and foreign tax jurisdictions based on income before taxes.

Deferred income taxes arise primarily due to the amortization of the deferred tax assets recognized in connection with the IPO (see Note 5 "Tax Receivable Agreements"), the Acquisition of KCG and the ITG Acquisition, differences in the valuation of financial assets and liabilities, and other temporary differences arising from the deductibility of compensation, depreciation, and other expenses in different time periods for book and income tax return purposes.

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There are no expiration dates on the deferred tax assets. The provisions of ASC 740 require that carrying amounts of deferred tax assets be reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Accordingly, the need to establish valuation allowances for deferred tax assets is assessed periodically with appropriate consideration given to all positive and negative evidence related to the realization of the deferred tax assets. At September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company did not have any U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards and therefore the Company did not record a deferred tax asset related to federal net operating loss carryforwards. At September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company recorded deferred income taxes related to state and local net operating losses of $0.4 million. These net operating losses will begin to expire in 2039. The Company did not record a valuation allowance against this deferred tax asset.

As a result of the ITG Acquisition, the Company had non-U.S. net operating losses at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 of $71.6 million and $75.1 million, respectively, and recorded a related deferred tax asset of $14.3 million and $15.2 million, respectively. A valuation allowance of $14.3 million and $15.1 million was recorded against this deferred tax asset at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, as it is more likely than not that a portion of this deferred tax asset will not be realized. As a result of the Acquisition of KCG, the Company had non-U.S. net operating losses at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 of $239.3 million and $239.0 million, respectively, and recorded a related deferred tax asset of $44.9 million and $44.9 million, respectively. A full valuation allowance was also recorded against this deferred tax asset at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 as it is more likely than not that this deferred tax asset will not be realized.

No valuation allowance against the remaining deferred taxes was recorded as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 because it is more likely than not that these deferred tax assets will be fully realized.

The Company is subject to taxation in U.S. federal, state, local and foreign jurisdictions. As of September 30, 2021, the Company’s tax years for 2015 through 2019 and 2017 through 2019 were subject to examination by U.S. and non-U.S. tax authorities, respectively. As a result of the ITG Acquisition and the Acquisition of KCG, the Company assumed any ITG and KCG tax exposures. In addition, the Company is subject to state and local income tax examinations in various jurisdictions for the tax years 2013 through 2019. The final outcome of these examinations is not yet determinable. However, the Company anticipates that adjustments related to these examinations, if any, will not result in a material change to its financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

The Company’s policy for recording interest and penalties associated with audits is to record such items as a component of income or loss before income taxes and noncontrolling interest. Penalties, if any, are recorded in Operations and administrative expense and interest received or paid is recorded in Other, net or Operations and administrative expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, respectively.

The Company had $8.3 million of unrecognized tax benefits as of September 30, 2021, all of which would affect the Company’s effective tax rate if recognized. The Company has determined that there are no uncertain tax positions that would have a material impact on the Company’s financial position as of September 30, 2021.

15. Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees

Legal Proceedings

In the ordinary course of business, the nature of the Company’s business subjects it to claims, lawsuits, regulatory examinations or investigations and other proceedings. The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to several of these matters at the present time. Given the inherent difficulty of predicting the outcome of litigation and regulatory matters, particularly in regulatory examinations or investigations or other proceedings in which substantial or indeterminate judgments, settlements, disgorgements, restitution, penalties, injunctions, damages or fines are sought, or where such matters are in the early stages, the Company cannot estimate losses or ranges of losses for such matters where there is only a reasonable possibility that a loss may be incurred. In addition, there are numerous factors that result in a greater degree of complexity in class-action lawsuits as compared to other types of litigation. There can be no assurance that these legal proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations in any future period, and a material judgment, fine or sanction could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. However, it is the opinion of management, after consultation with legal counsel that, based on information currently available, the ultimate outcome of these matters will not have a material adverse impact on the business, financial condition or operating results of the Company, although they might be material to the operating results for any particular reporting period. The Company carries directors’ and officers’ liability insurance coverage and other insurance coverage for potential claims, including securities actions, against the Company and its respective directors and officers.

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On November 30, 2020, the Company was named as a defendant in In re United States Oil Fund, LP Securities Litigation, No. 20-cv-4740. The consolidated amended complaint was filed in federal district court in New York on behalf of a putative class, and asserts claims against the Company and numerous other financial institutions under Section 11 of the Securities Act of 1933 in connection with trading in United States Oil Fund, LP, a crude oil ETF. The complaint also names the ETF, its sponsor, and related individuals as defendants. The complaint did not specify the amount of alleged damages. Defendants moved to dismiss the consolidated amended complaint on January 29, 2021 and plaintiffs subsequently filed its opposition to the motion on March 30, 2021. The Company believes that the claims are without merit and is defending itself vigorously.

On August 31, 2021, the Company was named as a defendant in Alers v. Robinhood Financial, LLC et al No. 21-cv-61848. The complaint was filed in federal district court in Florida on behalf of a putative class, and asserts claims against the Company and numerous other financial institutions alleging a breach of fiduciary duty by Robinhood and aiding and abetting thereof by the Company and other market making firms. The complaint did not specify the amount of alleged damages. The Company believes that the claims are without merit and is defending itself vigorously. In October 2021, Robinhood and the market-maker defendants moved to transfer the case to the Northern District of California, or in the alternative, to dismiss the complaint.

Other Legal and Regulatory Matters

The Company owns subsidiaries including regulated entities that are subject to extensive oversight under federal, state and applicable international laws as well as self-regulatory organization (“SRO”) rules. Changes in market structure and the need to remain competitive require constant changes to the Company's systems, order routing and order handling procedures. The Company makes these changes while continuously endeavoring to comply with many complex laws and rules. Compliance, surveillance and trading issues common in the securities industry are monitored by, reported to, and/or reviewed in the ordinary course of business by the Company's regulators in the U.S. and abroad. As a major order flow execution destination, the Company is named from time to time in, or is asked to respond to a number of regulatory matters brought by U.S. regulators, foreign regulators, SROs, as well as actions brought by private plaintiffs, which arise from its business activities. There has recently been an increased focus by regulators on Anti-Money Laundering and sanctions compliance by broker-dealers and similar entities, as well as an enhanced interest on suspicious activity reporting and transactions involving microcap and low-priced securities. In addition, there has been an increased focus by Congress, federal and state regulators, SROs and the media on market structure issues, and in particular, the retail trading environment in the U.S. and relationships between retail broker-dealers and market making firms, high frequency trading, best execution, internalization, alternative trading system (“ATS”) manner of operations, market fragmentation and complexity, colocation, cybersecurity, access to market data feeds and remuneration arrangements, such as payment for order flow and other payment and rebate structures and arrangements. From time to time, the Company is the subject of requests for information and documents from the SEC, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority ("FINRA"), state attorneys general, and other regulators and governmental authorities. It is the Company's practice to cooperate and comply with the requests for information and documents.

The Company is currently the subject of various regulatory reviews and investigations by state, federal and foreign regulators and SROs, including the SEC and FINRA. In some instances, these matters may result in a disciplinary action and/or a civil or administrative action.

Representations and Warranties; Indemnification Arrangements

In the normal course of its operations, the Company enters into contracts that contain a variety of representations and warranties in addition to indemnification obligations, including indemnification obligations in connection with the Acquisition of KCG and the ITG Acquisition. The Company's maximum exposure under these arrangements is currently unknown, as any such exposure could relate to claims not yet brought or events which have not yet occurred. For example, in November 2013, KCG sold Urban Financial of America, LLC (“Urban”), the reverse mortgage origination and securitization business previously owned by Knight Capital Group, Inc., to an investor group now known as Finance of America Reverse, LLC (“FAR”). Pursuant to the terms of the Stock Purchase Agreement between KCG and FAR, Virtu has certain continuing obligations related to KCG's prior ownership of Urban and has been and, in the future may be, advised by FAR of potential claims thereunder.

Consistent with standard business practices in the normal course of business, the Company enters into contracts that contain a variety of representations and warranties and general indemnifications. The Company has also provided general indemnifications to its managers, officers, directors, employees, and agents against expenses, legal fees, judgments, fines, settlements, and other amounts actually and reasonably incurred by such persons under certain circumstances as more fully

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disclosed in its operating agreement. The overall maximum amount of the obligations (if any) cannot reasonably be estimated as it will depend on the facts and circumstances that give rise to any future claims.

16. Leases

The Company primarily enters into lessee arrangements for corporate office space, data centers, and technology equipment. For more information on lease accounting, see Note 2 "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" and Note 17 "Leases" to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company's 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Lease assets and liabilities are summarized as follows:


(in thousands)	Financial Statement Location	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Operating leases
Operating lease right-of-use assets	Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	247,531	$	268,864
Operating lease liabilities	Operating lease liabilities	292,967		315,340

Finance leases
Property and equipment, at cost	Property, equipment, and capitalized software, net	18,479		36,093
Accumulated depreciation	Property, equipment, and capitalized software, net	(10,902)		(24,585)
Finance lease liabilities	Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities	7,705		11,687

Weighted average remaining lease term and discount rate are as follows:


	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Weighted average remaining lease term
Operating leases	6.68 years		6.9 years
Finance leases	1.74 years		2.0 years
Weighted average discount rate
Operating leases	5.49	%	5.67	%
Finance leases	2.41	%	3.13	%

The components of lease expense are as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Operating lease cost:
Fixed	$	18,994	$	18,521	$	56,772	$	55,333
Variable	1,913		2,393		5,144		6,614
Impairment of ROU Asset	—		—		1,198		—
Total Operating lease cost	$	20,907	$	20,914	$	63,114	$	61,947

Sublease income	4,537		4,399		13,404		11,994

Finance lease cost:
Amortization of ROU Asset	$	1,460	$	2,668	$	5,024	$	8,838
Interest on lease liabilities	50		97		183		339
Total Finance lease cost	$	1,510	$	2,765	$	5,207	$	9,177

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Future minimum lease payments under operating and finance leases with non-cancelable lease terms, as of September 30, 2021, are as follows:



(in thousands)	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
2021	$	17,078	$	1,468
2022	69,887		4,441
2023	68,128		1,818
2024	39,614		247
2025	31,859		—
2026 and thereafter	127,472		—
Total lease payments	$	354,038	$	7,974
Less imputed interest	(61,071)		(269)
Total lease liability	$	292,967	$	7,705

17. Cash

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents together with restricted or segregated cash

as reported within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition to the sum of the same such amounts shown in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.


(in thousands)	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Cash and cash equivalents	$	683,836	$	889,559
Cash restricted or segregated under regulations and other	70,477		117,446
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows	$	754,313	$	1,007,005

18. Capital Structure

The Company has four classes of authorized common stock. The Class A Common Stock and the Class C Common Stock have one vote per share. The Class B Common Stock and the Class D Common Stock have 10 votes per share. Shares of the Company’s common stock generally vote together as a single class on all matters submitted to a vote of the Company’s stockholders. The Founder Member controls approximately 83.0% of the combined voting power of our common stock as a result of its ownership of our Class C and Class D Common Stock. The Company holds approximately a 62.6% interest in Virtu Financial at September 30, 2021.

During the period prior to the Reorganization Transactions and IPO, Class A-2 profits interests and Class B interests in Virtu Financial were issued to Employee Holdco (as defined below) on behalf of certain key employees and stakeholders. In connection with the Reorganization Transactions, all Class A-2 profits interests and Class B interests were reclassified into Virtu Financial Units. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, there were 4,795,839 and 5,259,713 Virtu Financial Units outstanding held by Employee Holdco (as defined below), respectively, and 463,874 and 2,420,239 of such Virtu Financial Units and corresponding Class C Common Stock were exchanged into Class A Common Stock, forfeited or repurchased during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Amended and Restated 2015 Management Incentive Plan

The Company’s Board of Directors and stockholders adopted the 2015 Management Incentive Plan, which became effective upon consummation of the IPO, and was subsequently amended and restated following receipt of approval from the Company’s stockholders on June 30, 2017. The Amended and Restated 2015 Management Incentive Plan provides for the grant of stock options, restricted stock units, and other awards based on an aggregate of 21,000,000 shares of Class A Common Stock, subject to additional sublimits, including limits on the total option grant to any one participant in a single year and the total performance award to any one participant in a single year.

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On November 13, 2020, the Company amended its form award agreement for the issuance of RSUs to provide for the continued vesting of outstanding RSU awards upon the occurrence of a qualified retirement (the "RSU Amendment"). A qualified retirement generally means a voluntary resignation by the participant (i) after five years of service, (ii) the participant attaining the age of 50 and (iii) the sum of the participant's age and service at the time of termination equaling or exceeding 65. Continued vesting is subject to the participant entering into a 2 year non-compete. The RSU Amendment was authorized and approved by the Compensation Committee of the Company's Board of Directors. As a result of the RSU Amendment, currently issued and outstanding RSUs held by the Company's employees, including its executive officers, shall be deemed to be subject to the amended terms of the form award agreement, and any future RSU awards shall also be governed by such amended terms.

Amended and Restated Investment Technology Group, Inc. 2007 Omnibus Equity Compensation Plan

On the ITG Closing Date, the Company assumed the Amended and Restated ITG 2007 Equity Plan and the Assumed Awards. As of the ITG Closing Date, the aggregate number of shares of Class A Common Stock subject to such Assumed Awards was 2,497,028 and the aggregate number of shares of Class A Common Stock that remained issuable pursuant to the Amended and Restated ITG 2007 Equity Plan was 1,230,406.

Share Repurchase Program

On May 4, 2021, the Company's Board of Directors authorized the expansion of the Company's share repurchase program, increasing the total authorized amount by $300 million to $470 million in Class A Common Stock and Virtu Financial Units and extending the duration of the program through May 4, 2022. The share repurchase program authorizes the Company to repurchase shares from time to time in open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions or by other means. Repurchases are also permitted to be made under Rule 10b5-1 plans. The timing and amount of repurchase transactions are determined by the Company's management based on its evaluation of market conditions, share price, cash sources, legal requirements and other factors. From the inception of the program through September 30, 2021, the Company repurchased approximately 12.5 million shares of Class A Common Stock and Virtu Financial Units for approximately $337.5 million. As of September 30, 2021, the Company has approximately $132.5 million remaining capacity for future purchases of shares of Class A Common Stock and Virtu Financial Units under the program.

Employee Exchanges

During the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, pursuant to the exchange agreement by and among the Company, Virtu Financial and holders of Virtu Financial Units, certain current and former employees elected to exchange 405,272 and 2,420,239 units, respectively in Virtu Financial held directly or on their behalf by Virtu Employee Holdco LLC (“Employee Holdco”) on a one-for-one basis for shares of Class A Common Stock.

Warrant Issuance

On March 20, 2020, in connection with and in consideration of the Founder Member’s commitments under the Founder Member Loan Facility (as described in Note 9 "Borrowings"), the Company delivered to the Founder Member a warrant (the “Warrant”) to purchase shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock. Pursuant to the Warrant, the Founder Member may purchase up to 3,000,000 shares of Class A Common Stock. If at any time during the term of the Founder Member Loan Facility, the Founder Member Loans equal to or greater than $100 million had remained outstanding for a certain period of time specified in the Warrant, the number of shares would have increased to 10,000,000. The Founder Member Loan Facility Term expired on September 20, 2020 without the Company having borrowed any Founder Member Loans thereunder (as described in Note 9 "Borrowings"), and as a result no such increase in the number of shares which may be purchased has occurred or will occur pursuant to the terms of the Warrant. The exercise price per share of the Class A Common Stock issuable pursuant to the Warrant is $22.98, which in accordance with the terms of the Warrant, is equal to the average of the volume weighted average prices of the Class A Common Stock for the ten (10) trading days following May 7, 2020, the date on which the Company publicly announced its earnings results for the first quarter of 2020. The Warrant may be exercised to purchase up to 3,000,000 shares of the Company's Class A Common Stock on any date after May 22, 2020 up to and including January 15, 2022. The Warrant and Class A Common Stock issuable pursuant to the Warrant were offered, and will be issued and sold, in reliance on the exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), set forth under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act relating to sales by an issuer not involving any public offering.

The fair value of the Warrant was determined using a Black-Scholes-Merton model, and was recorded as a debt issuance cost within Other Assets on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and as an increase to Additional paid-in capital on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity. The balance was amortized on a straight-line basis from March 20, 2020 through September 20, 2020, the date on which the Founder Member Loan Facility

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expired, and recorded as expense within Debt issue cost related to debt refinancing, prepayment and commitment fees in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table presents the changes in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
(in thousands)	AOCI Beginning Balance		Amounts recorded in AOCI		Amounts reclassified from AOCI to income		AOCI Ending Balance
Net change in unrealized cash flow hedges gains (losses) (1)	$	(24,952)	$	(1,612)	$	3,803	$	(22,761)
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	5,835		(4,912)		—		923
Total	$	(19,117)	$	(6,524)	$	3,803	$	(21,838)
(1) Amounts reclassified from AOCI to income are included within Financing interest expense on long-term borrowings on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. As of September 30, 2021, the Company expects approximately $15.0 million to be reclassified from AOCI into earnings over the next 12 months. The timing of the reclassification is based on the interest payment schedule of the long-term borrowings.

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
(in thousands)	AOCI Beginning Balance		Amounts recorded in AOCI		Amounts reclassified from AOCI to income		AOCI Ending Balance
Net change in unrealized cash flow hedges gains (losses)	$	(36,710)	$	(1,797)	$	1,948	$	(36,559)
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	(2,857)		4,213		—		1,356
Total	$	(39,567)	$	2,416	$	1,948	$	(35,203)


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
(in thousands)	AOCI Beginning Balance		Amounts recorded in AOCI		Amounts reclassified from AOCI to income		AOCI Ending Balance
Net change in unrealized cash flow hedges gains (losses) (1)	$	(33,444)	$	(83)	$	10,766	$	(22,761)
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	7,957		(7,034)		—		923
Total	$	(25,487)	$	(7,117)	$	10,766	$	(21,838)
(1) Amounts reclassified from AOCI to income are included within Financing interest expense on long-term borrowings on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. As of September 30, 2021, the Company expects approximately $15.0 million to be reclassified from AOCI into earnings over the next 12 months. The timing of the reclassification is based on the interest payment schedule of the long-term borrowings.

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
(in thousands)	AOCI Beginning Balance		Amounts recorded in AOCI		Amounts reclassified from AOCI to income		AOCI Ending Balance
Net change in unrealized cash flow hedges gains (losses)	$	—	$	(42,405)	$	5,846	$	(36,559)
Foreign exchange translation adjustment	(647)		2,003		—		1,356
Total	$	(647)	$	(40,402)	$	5,846	$	(35,203)
(1) Amounts reclassified from AOCI to income are included within Financing interest expense on long-term borrowings on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

19. Share-based Compensation

Pursuant to the Amended and Restated 2015 Management Incentive Plan as described in Note 18 "Capital Structure", and in connection with the IPO, non-qualified stock options to purchase shares of Class A Common Stock were granted, each of which vests in equal annual installments over a period of four years from grant date and expires not later than 10 years from the date of grant.

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The following table summarizes activity related to stock options for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:


	Options Outstanding				Options Exercisable
	Number of Options	Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life	Number of Options	Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share




At December 31, 2019	3,233,779	$	18.74	5.24	3,233,779	$	18.74
Granted	—	—		—	—	—
Exercised	(807,627)	17.96		—	(807,627)	17.96
Forfeited or expired	—	—		—	—	—
At September 30, 2020	2,426,152	$	19.00	4.49	2,426,152	$	19.00

At December 31, 2020	2,324,152	$	19.00	4.24	2,324,152	$	19.00
Granted	—	—		—	—	—
Exercised	(446,997)	19.00		—	(446,997)	19.00
Forfeited or expired	—	—		—	—	—
At September 30, 2021	1,877,155	$	19.00	3.49	1,877,155	$	19.00

The expected life was determined based on an average of vesting and contractual period. The risk-free interest rate was determined based on the yields available on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues. The expected stock price volatility was determined based on historical volatilities of comparable companies. The expected dividend yield was determined based on estimated future dividend payments divided by the IPO stock price. The stock options to purchase shares of Class A Common Stock were fully vested in 2019.

Amended and Restated Investment Technology Group, Inc. 2007 Omnibus Equity Compensation Plan

On the ITG Closing Date, the Company assumed the Amended and Restated ITG 2007 Equity Plan and the Assumed Awards. The Assumed Awards are subject to the same terms and conditions that were applicable to them under the Amended and Restated ITG 2007 Equity Plan, except that (i) the Assumed Awards relate to shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock, (ii) the number of shares of Class A Common Stock subject to the Assumed Awards was the result of an adjustment based upon an Exchange Ratio (as defined in the ITG Merger Agreement) and (iii) the performance share unit awards were converted into service-based vesting restricted stock unit awards that were no longer subject to any performance based vesting conditions. As of the ITG Closing Date, the aggregate number of shares of Class A Common Stock subject to such Assumed Awards was 2,497,028 and the aggregate number of shares of Class A Common Stock that remained issuable pursuant to the Amended and Restated ITG 2007 Equity Plan was 1,230,406. The Company filed a Registration Statement on Form S-8 on the ITG Closing Date to register such shares of Class A Common Stock.

Class A Common Stock, Restricted Stock Units and Restricted Stock Awards

Pursuant to the Amended and Restated 2015 Management Incentive Plan as described in Note 18 "Capital Structure", subsequent to the IPO, shares of immediately vested Class A Common Stock, RSUs and RSAs were granted, with RSUs and RSAs vesting over a period of up to 4 years. The fair value of the Class A Common Stock and RSUs was determined based on a volume weighted average price and the expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. The fair value of the RSAs was determined based on the closing price as of the date of grant and the expense is recognized from the date that achievement of the performance target becomes probable through the remainder of the vesting period. Performance targets are based on the Company's adjusted EBITDA for certain future periods. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, there were 633,938 and 967,526 shares of immediately vested Class A Common Stock granted as part of year-end compensation. In addition, the Company accrued compensation expense of $6.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and reduced accrued compensation expense by $11.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, and accrued compensation expense of $17.7 million and $14.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, related to immediately vested Class A Common Stock expected to be awarded as part of year-end incentive compensation, which was included in Employee compensation and payroll taxes on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income and Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

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The following table summarizes activity related to RSUs (including the Assumed Awards) and RSAs for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:


	Number of RSUs and RSAs	Weighted Average Fair Value




At December 31, 2019	2,993,489	$	24.10
Granted	3,300,894	17.15
Forfeited	(391,223)	17.90
Vested	(2,124,843)	20.40
At September 30, 2020	3,778,317	$	20.77

At December 31, 2020	3,393,084	$	21.35
Granted (1)	2,442,953	27.06
Forfeited	(191,296)	22.97
Vested	(2,032,477)	23.27
At September 30, 2021	3,612,264	$	24.05
(1) Excluded in the number of RSUs and RSAs are 350,000 participating RSAs where the grant date has not been achieved because the performance conditions have not been met.

The Company recognized $6.7 million and $9.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 and $20.5 million and $25.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, of compensation expense in relation to RSUs. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, total unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to unvested RSUs was $51.4 million and $37.1 million, respectively, and this amount is to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.1 years and 1.0 year, respectively. Awards in which the specific performance conditions have not been met are not included in unrecognized share-based compensation expense.

On November 13, 2020, the Company adopted the Virtu Financial, Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan (the "DCP"). The DCP permits eligible executive officers and other employees to defer cash or equity based compensation beginning in the calendar year ending December 31, 2021, subject to certain limitations and restrictions. Deferrals may also be directed to notional investments in certain of the employee investment opportunities. No amounts have been recognized as compensation cost under the DCP as of September 30, 2021.

20. Regulatory Requirement

U.S. Subsidiary

The Company's U.S. broker-dealer subsidiary, VAL, is subject to the SEC Uniform Net Capital Rule 15c3-1, which requires the maintenance of minimum net capital as detailed in the table below. Pursuant to New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") rules, VAL was also required to maintain $1.0 million of capital in connection with the operation of its designated market maker (“DMM”) business as of September 30, 2021. The required amount is determined under the exchange rules as the greater of (i) $1 million or (ii) $75,000 for every 0.1% of NYSE transaction dollar volume in each of the securities for which the Company is registered as the DMM.

VAL's regulatory capital and regulatory capital requirements as of September 30, 2021 was as follows:


(in thousands)	Regulatory Capital		Regulatory Capital Requirement		Excess Regulatory Capital
Virtu Americas LLC	$	484,482	$	1,725	$	482,757

As of September 30, 2021, VAL had $60.9 million of cash in special reserve bank accounts for the benefit of customers pursuant to SEC Rule 15c3-3, Computation for Determination of Reserve Requirements, and $8.8 million of cash in reserve bank accounts for the benefit of proprietary accounts of brokers. The balances are included within Cash restricted or segregated under regulations and other on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

VAL's regulatory capital and regulatory capital requirements as of December 31, 2020 was as follows:


(in thousands)	Regulatory Capital		Regulatory Capital Requirement		Excess Regulatory Capital
Virtu Americas LLC	$	621,253	$	2,917	$	618,336

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As of December 31, 2020, VAL had $96.2 million of cash in special reserve bank accounts for the benefit of customers pursuant to SEC Rule 15c3-3, Computation for Determination of Reserve Requirements, and $20.4 million of cash in reserve bank accounts for the benefit of proprietary accounts of brokers.

Foreign Subsidiaries

The Company’s foreign subsidiaries are subject to regulatory capital requirements set by local regulatory bodies, including the Investment Industry Regulatory Organization of Canada (“IIROC”), the Central Bank of Ireland ("CBI"), the Financial Conduct Authority ("FCA") in the United Kingdom, the Australian Securities and Investments Commission ("ASIC"), the Securities and Futures Commission in Hong Kong ("SFC"), and the Monetary Authority of Singapore ("MAS").

The regulatory net capital balances and regulatory capital requirements applicable to the Company's foreign subsidiaries as of September 30, 2021 were as follows:


(in thousands)	Regulatory Capital		Regulatory Capital Requirement		Excess Regulatory Capital
Canada
Virtu ITG Canada Corp	$	16,911	$	197	$	16,714

Virtu Financial Canada ULC	200		197		3
Ireland
Virtu ITG Europe Limited (1)	78,066		32,636		45,430
Virtu Financial Ireland Limited (1)	109,229		58,083		51,146
United Kingdom
Virtu ITG UK Limited	1,057		846		211
Asia Pacific
Virtu ITG Australia Limited	30,717		8,776		21,941
Virtu ITG Hong Kong Limited	2,902		513		2,389
Virtu ITG Singapore Pte Limited	845		74		771
(1) Preliminary

As of September 30, 2021, Virtu ITG Europe Limited and Virtu ITG Canada Corp had $0.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively, of segregated funds on deposit for trade clearing and settlement activity, and Virtu ITG Hong Kong Ltd. had $30 thousand of segregated balances under a collateral account control agreement for the benefit of certain customers.

The regulatory net capital balances and regulatory capital requirements applicable to the Company's foreign subsidiaries as of December 31, 2020 were as follows:


(in thousands)	Regulatory Capital		Regulatory Capital Requirement		Excess Regulatory Capital
Canada
Virtu ITG Canada Corp	$	12,944	$	196	$	12,748
Virtu Financial Canada ULC	2,486		196		2,290
Ireland
Virtu ITG Europe Limited	57,459		32,106		25,353
Virtu Financial Ireland Limited	94,528		41,038		53,490
United Kingdom
Virtu ITG UK Limited	1,290		910		380
Asia Pacific
Virtu ITG Australia Limited	30,606		12,729		17,877
Virtu ITG Hong Kong Limited	4,290		625		3,665
Virtu ITG Singapore Pte Limited	796		76		720

As of December 31, 2020, Virtu ITG Europe Limited and Virtu ITG Canada Corp had $0.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively, of funds on deposit for trade clearing and settlement activity, and Virtu ITG Hong Kong Ltd had $30 thousand of segregated balances under a collateral account control agreement for the benefit of certain customers.

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21. Geographic Information and Business Segments

The Company operates its business in the U.S. and internationally, primarily in Europe, Asia and Canada. Significant transactions and balances between geographic regions occur primarily as a result of certain of the Company’s subsidiaries incurring operating expenses such as employee compensation, communications and data processing and other overhead costs, for the purpose of providing execution, clearing and other support services to affiliates. Charges for transactions between regions are designed to approximate full costs. Intra-region income and expenses and related balances have been eliminated in the geographic information presented below to accurately reflect the external business conducted in each geographical region. The revenues are attributed to countries based on the locations of the subsidiaries. The following table presents total revenues by geographic area for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Revenues:
United States	$	433,013	$	484,594	$	1,678,650	$	2,045,330
Ireland	55,137		61,320		242,614		233,783
Singapore	30,696		26,630		102,965		140,492
Canada	13,955		71,268		43,924		103,331
Australia	9,982		10,107		31,868		32,186
United Kingdom	—		964		1,745		3,944
Others	1,561		1,229		4,115		3,569
Total revenues	$	544,344	$	656,112	$	2,105,881	$	2,562,635

The Company has two operating segments: (i) Market Making and (ii) Execution Services; and one non-operating segment: Corporate.

The Market Making segment principally consists of market making in the cash, futures and options markets across global equities, fixed income, currencies and commodities. As a market maker, the Company commits capital on a principal basis by offering to buy securities from, or sell securities to, broker-dealers, banks and institutions. The Company engages in principal trading in the Market Making segment direct to clients as well as in a supplemental capacity on exchanges, Electronic Communications Networks ("ECNs") and ATSs. The Company is an active participant on all major global equity and futures exchanges and also trades on substantially all domestic electronic options exchanges. As a complement to electronic market making, the cash trading business handles specialized orders and also transacts on the OTC Link ATS operated by OTC Markets Group Inc.

The Execution Services segment comprises client-based trading and trading venues, offering execution services in global equities, options, futures and fixed income on behalf of institutions, banks and broker-dealers. The Company earns commissions and commission equivalents as an agent on behalf of clients as well as between principals to transactions; in addition, the Company will commit capital on behalf of clients as needed. Client-based, execution-only trading in the segment is done primarily through a variety of access points including: (i) algorithmic trading and order routing in global equities and options; (ii) institutional sales traders who offer portfolio trading and single stock sales trading which provides execution expertise for program, block and riskless principal trades in global equities and ETFs; and (iii) matching of client conditional orders in POSIT Alert and client orders in the Company's ATSs, including Virtu MatchIt, and POSIT. The Execution Services segment also includes revenues derived from providing (a) proprietary risk management and trading infrastructure technology to select third parties for a service fee, (b) workflow technology, the Company’s integrated, broker-neutral trading tools delivered across the globe including trade order and execution management and order management software applications and network connectivity and (c) trading analytics, including (1) tools enabling portfolio managers and traders to improve pre-trade, real-time and post-trade execution performance, (2) portfolio construction and optimization decisions and (3) securities valuation. The segment also includes the results of the Company's capital markets business, in which the Company act as an agent for issuers in connection with at-the-market offerings and buyback programs.

The Corporate segment contains the Company's investments, principally in strategic trading-related opportunities and maintains corporate overhead expenses and all other income and expenses that are not attributable to the Company's other segments.

Management evaluates the performance of its segments on a pre-tax basis. Segment assets and liabilities are not used for evaluating segment performance or in deciding how to allocate resources to segments. The Company’s total revenues and income before income taxes and noncontrolling interest (“Pre-tax earnings”) by segment for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 and are summarized in the following table:

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(in thousands)	Market Making		Execution Services		Corporate		Consolidated Total
2021:
Total revenue	$	409,290	$	132,549	$	2,505	$	544,344
Income before income taxes and noncontrolling interest	135,875		7,532		1,692		145,099

2020:
Total revenue	474,598		182,680		(1,166)		656,112
Income (loss) before income taxes and noncontrolling interest	161,732		102,029		(11,246)		252,515

The Company's Pre-tax earnings by segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 are summarized in the following table:


(in thousands)	Market Making		Execution Services		Corporate		Consolidated Total
2021
Total revenue	$	1,635,555	$	459,918	$	10,408	$	2,105,881
Income (loss) before income taxes and noncontrolling interest	713,723		51,941		4,223		769,887

2020
Total revenue	2,064,300		500,621		(2,286)		2,562,635
Income (loss) before income taxes and noncontrolling interest	1,010,871		137,879		(25,478)		1,123,272

22. Related Party Transactions

The Company incurs expenses and maintains balances with its affiliates in the ordinary course of business. As of September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020 the Company had net payables to its affiliates of $0.8 million and net receivables from its affiliates of $2.3 million, respectively.

The Company has held a minority interest in JNX since 2016 (see Note 10 "Financial Assets and Liabilities"). The Company pays exchange fees to JNX for the trading activities conducted on its proprietary trading system. The Company paid $2.9 million and $4.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $9.1 million and $13.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, to JNX for these trading activities.

The Company makes payments to two JVs (see Note 12 "Variable Interest Entities") to fund the construction of the microwave communication networks, and to purchase microwave communication networks, which are recorded within Communications and data processing on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. The Company made payments of $10.5 million and $4.7 million the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $19.9 million and $14.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, to these JVs.

The Company purchases network connections services from affiliates of Level 3 Communications (“Level 3”). Temasek and its affiliates have a significant ownership interest in Level 3. The Company paid $0.5 million and $0.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $1.2 million for both the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, to Level 3 for these services.

The Company makes commission-sharing arrangement ("CSA") payments to affiliates of DBS Group Holdings ("DBS"). Temasek and its affiliates have a significant ownership interest in DBS. Payments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 were immaterial. The Company made payments of $13.0 thousand and $0.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively.

Ordinal Holdings I, LP is a stockholder in the Company with board representation. On August 12, 2021, the Company entered into a Purchase Agreement with Ordinal Holdings I, LP to repurchase 1.5 million shares of the Company's Class A common stock for $39.2 million in accordance with the Company's previously disclosed share repurchase program. See Note 18 "Capital Structure" for a further discussion of the Company's share repurchase program.

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23. Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated subsequent events for adjustment to or disclosure in its condensed consolidated financial statements through the date of this report, and has not identified any recordable or disclosable events, not otherwise reported in these condensed consolidated financial statements or the notes thereto, except for the following:

On November 3, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a dividend of $0.24 per share of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock and per participating Restricted Stock Unit and Restricted Stock Award that will be paid on December 15, 2021 to holders of record as of December 1, 2021.

On November 3, 2021, the Company's Board of Directors authorized the expansion of the Company's current share repurchase program, increasing the total authorized amount by $750 million to $1,220 million and extended the duration through November 3, 2023. Since the inception of the program through November 3, 2021, the company repurchased approximately 13.4 million shares of Class A Common Stock and Virtu Financial Units for approximately $361.4 million. As of November 3, 2021, the Company has approximately $858.6 million remaining capacity for future purchase of shares of Class A Common Stock and Virtu Financial Units under the program.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following management’s discussion and analysis covers the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements of Virtu Financial, Inc. (the “Company”) for the period ended September 30, 2021, which are included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes and MD&A for the year ended December 31, 2020, which are included in Items 8 and 7, respectively, of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. This management's discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed below. Unless otherwise stated, all amounts are presented in thousands of dollars.

Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements because they are subject to numerous uncertainties and factors relating to our operations and business environment, all of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond our control. Forward-looking statements include information concerning our possible or assumed future results of operations, including descriptions of our business strategy. These forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, including the terms “may,” “will,” “should,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “estimate,” “project” or, in each case, their negative, or other variations or comparable terminology and expressions. These statements are based on assumptions that we have made in light of our experience in the industry as well as our perceptions of historical trends, current conditions, expected future developments and other factors we believe are appropriate under the circumstances. As you read and consider this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, you should understand that forward-looking statements are not guarantees of performance or results and that our actual results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and the development of the industry in which we operate, may differ materially from those made in or suggested by the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. By their nature, forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties, including those described under the heading “Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, because they relate to events and depend on circumstances that may or may not occur in the future. Although we believe that the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are based on reasonable assumptions, you should be aware that many factors, including those described under the heading “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 25, 2021 (the “2020 Form 10-K”), could affect our actual financial results or results of operations and cash flows, and could cause actual results to differ materially from those in such forward-looking statements, including but not limited to:

•the continuing impacts of COVID-19 and the governmental and other responses thereto, including but not limited to the risk of employees and executives contracting COVID-19 and the deployment of our business continuity plan pursuant to which a significant number of our employees currently work remotely and our return to office plan, each of which may increase operational risk, as well as increases in market, counterparty and other forms of operational risk;

•volatility in levels of overall trading activity;

•dependence upon trading counterparties and clearing houses performing their obligations to us;

•failures of our customized trading platform;

•risks inherent to the electronic market making business and trading generally;

•increased competition in market making activities and execution services;

•dependence on continued access to sources of liquidity;

•risks associated with self-clearing and other operational elements of our business, including but limited to risks related to funding and liquidity;

•obligations to comply with applicable regulatory capital requirements;

•litigation or other legal and regulatory-based liabilities;

•changes in laws, rules or regulations, including proposed legislation that would impose taxes on certain financial transactions in the European Union, the U.S. (and certain states therein) and other jurisdictions and other potential changes which could increase our corporate or other tax obligations in one or more jurisdictions;

•obligations to comply with laws and regulations applicable to our operations in the U.S. and abroad;

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•enhanced media and regulatory scrutiny and its impact upon public perception of us or of companies in our industry;

•need to maintain and continue developing proprietary technologies;

•the effect of the Acquisition of KCG and ITG Acquisition (as defined below) on ongoing business operations generally, including our ability to achieve cost-saving synergies related to these historical acquisitions, and the assumption of potential liabilities and risks relating to these historical acquisitions, and the significant costs and significant indebtedness that we have incurred in connection therewith;

•capacity constraints, system failures, and delays;

•dependence on third-party infrastructure or systems;

•use of open source software;

•failure to protect or enforce our intellectual property rights in our proprietary technology;

•failure to protect confidential and proprietary information;

•failure to protect our systems from internal or external cyber threats that could result in damage to our computer systems, business interruption, loss of data or other consequences;

•risks associated with international operations and expansion, including failed acquisitions or dispositions;

•the effects of and changes in economic conditions (such as volatility in the financial markets, inflation, monetary conditions and foreign currency and exchange rate fluctuations, foreign currency controls and/or government mandated pricing controls, as well as in trade, monetary, fiscal and tax policies in international markets), political conditions (such as military actions and terrorist activities), and other global events such as fires, natural disasters, pandemics or extreme weather;

•risks associated with potential growth and associated corporate actions;

•inability to access, or delay in accessing the capital markets to sell shares or raise additional capital;

•loss of key executives and failure to recruit and retain qualified personnel; and

•risks associated with losing access to a significant exchange or other trading venue.

Our forward-looking statements made herein are made only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We expressly disclaim any intent, obligation or undertaking to update or revise any forward-looking statements made herein to reflect any change in our expectations with regard thereto or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statements are based. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Unless the context otherwise requires, the terms "we," "us," "our," "Virtu" and the "Company" refer to Virtu Financial, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries and the term "Virtu Financial" refers to Virtu Financial LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a consolidated subsidiary of ours.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic

For a discussion on the potential impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak on our business, see Part I Item 1A “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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Overview

We are a leading financial services firm that leverages cutting edge technology to deliver liquidity to the global markets and innovative, transparent trading solutions to our clients. Leveraging our global market structure expertise and scaled, multi-asset technology infrastructure, we provide our clients with a robust product suite including offerings in execution, liquidity sourcing, analytics and broker-neutral, multi-dealer platforms in workflow technology. Our product offerings allow our clients to trade on hundreds of venues across over 50 countries and in multiple asset classes, including global equities, ETFs, foreign exchange, futures, fixed income and other commodities. Our integrated, multi-asset analytics platform provides a range of pre- and post-trade services, data products and compliance tools that our clients rely upon to invest, trade and manage risk across global markets. We believe that our broad diversification, in combination with our proprietary technology platform and low-cost structure gives us the scale necessary to grow our business around the globe as we service clients and facilitate risk transfer between global capital markets participants by providing liquidity, while at the same time earning attractive margins and returns.

Technology and operational efficiency are at the core of our business, and our focus on technology is a key element of our success. We have developed a proprietary, multi-asset, multi-currency technology platform that is highly reliable, scalable and modular, and we integrate directly with exchanges, liquidity centers, and our clients. Our market data, order routing, transaction processing, risk management and market surveillance technology modules manage our market making and execution services activities in an efficient manner and enable us to scale our activities globally across additional securities and other financial instruments and asset classes without significant incremental costs or third-party licensing or processing fees.

We believe that technology-enabled market makers and execution services providers like Virtu serve an important role in maintaining and enhancing the overall health and efficiency of the global capital markets by ensuring that market participants have an efficient means to invest, transfer risk and analyze the quality of executions. We believe that market participants benefit from the increased liquidity, lower overall trading costs and execution transparency that Virtu provides.

Our execution services and client solutions products are designed to be transparent, because we believe transparency makes markets more efficient and helps investors make better, more informed decisions. We use the latest technology to create and deliver liquidity to global markets and innovative trading solutions and analytics tools to our clients. We interact directly with hundreds of retail brokers, Registered Investment Advisors, private client networks, sell-side brokers, and buy-side institutions.

We have two operating segments: Market Making and Execution Services, and one non-operating segment: Corporate. Our management allocates resources, assesses performance and manages our business according to these segments.

Market Making

We leverage cutting edge technology to provide competitive and deep liquidity that helps to create more efficient markets around the world. As a market maker and liquidity provider, we stand ready, at any time, to buy or sell a broad range of securities, and we generate profits by buying and selling large volumes of securities and other financial instruments and earning small bid/ask spreads. Our market structure expertise, broad diversification, and scalable execution technology enable us to provide competitive bids and offers in over 25,000 securities and other financial instruments, on over 235 venues, in 36 countries worldwide. We use the latest technology to create and deliver liquidity to the global markets and automate our market making, risk controls, and post-trade processes. As a market maker, we interact directly with hundreds of retail brokers, Registered Investment Advisors, private client networks, sell-side brokers, and buy-side institutions.

We believe the overall level of volumes and realized volatility in the various markets we serve have the greatest impact on our market making businesses. Increases in market volatility can cause bid/ask spreads to widen as market participants are more willing to pay market makers like us to transact immediately and as a result, market makers' capture rate per notional amount transacted increases.

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Execution Services

We offer client execution services and trading venues that provide transparent trading in global equities, ETFs, fixed income, currencies, and commodities to institutions, banks and broker-dealers. We generally earn commissions when transacting as an agent for our clients. Client-based, execution-only trading within this segment is done through a variety of access points including: (a) algorithmic trading and order routing; (b) institutional sales traders who offer portfolio trading and single stock sales trading which provides execution expertise for program, block and riskless principal trades in global equities and ETFs; and (c) matching of client conditional orders in POSIT Alert and in our ATSs, including Virtu MatchIt and POSIT. We also earn revenues (a) by providing our proprietary technology and infrastructure to select third parties for a service fee, (b) through workflow technology and our integrated, broker-neutral trading tools delivered across the globe, including order and execution management systems and order management software applications and network connectivity and (c) through trading analytics, including (1) tools enabling portfolio managers and traders to improve pre-trade, real-time and post-trade execution performance, (2) portfolio construction and optimization decisions and (3) securities valuation. The segment also includes the results of our capital markets business, in which we act as an agent for issuers in connection with at-the-market offerings and buyback programs.

Corporate

Our Corporate segment contains investments principally in strategic financial services-oriented opportunities and maintains corporate overhead expenses and all other income and expenses that are not attributable to our other segments.

Acquisition of ITG and KCG

On March 1, 2019, the "ITG Closing Date", we announced the completion of Investment Technology Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries ("ITG") in an all-cash transaction valued at $30.30 per ITG share, for a total of approximately $1.0 billion (the "ITG Acquisition"). In connection with the ITG Acquisition, Virtu Financial, VFH Parent LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a subsidiary of Virtu Financial ("VFH"), and Imapala Borrower LLC (the "Acquisition Borrower"), a subsidiary of the Company, entered into a Credit Agreement (the "Credit Agreement"), with the lenders party thereto, Jefferies Finance LLC, as administrative agent and Jefferies Finance LLC and RBC Capital Markets, as joint lead arrangers and joint bookrunners. The Credit Agreement provided (i) the First Lien Term Loan Facility (as defined below) in an aggregate principal amount of $1.5 billion, drawn in its entirety on the ITG Closing Date, with approximately $404.5 million borrowed by VFH to repay all amounts outstanding under its existing term loan facility and the remaining approximately $1,095.0 million borrowed by the Acquisition Borrower to finance the consideration and fees and expenses to be paid in connection with the ITG Acquisition, and (ii) the First Lien Revolving Facility (as defined below), with a $5.0 million letter of credit subfacility and a $5.0 million swingline subfacility. After the closing of the ITG Acquisition, VFH assumed the obligations of the Acquisition Borrower in respect of the acquisition term loans. Additionally, on the ITG Closing Date, the Company’s fourth amended and restated credit agreement, dated as of June 30, 2017 (as amended on January 2, 2018 and September 19, 2018, the “Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement”) was terminated.

As described below, the Credit Agreement was amended on October 9, 2019, on which date VFH borrowed an additional $525.0 million of incremental first lien term loans, the proceeds of which were used together with cash on hand to redeem the Notes (as defined below). The Indenture (as defined below) was fully terminated following such redemption. The Credit Agreement was further amended on March 2, 2020 to, among other things, reduce the interest rate spread over LIBOR or the applicable benchmark by 0.50%.

On July 20, 2017 (the “KCG Closing Date”), the Company completed the all-cash acquisition of KCG Holdings, Inc. (“KCG”) (the “Acquisition of KCG”).

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Amended and Restated 2015 Management Incentive Plan

The Company’s Board of Directors and stockholders adopted the 2015 Management Incentive Plan, which became effective upon consummation of the Company's IPO and was subsequently amended and restated following receipt of approval from the Company’s stockholders on June 30, 2017 (the “Amended and Restated 2015 Management Incentive Plan”). The Amended and Restated 2015 Management Incentive Plan provides for the grant of stock options, restricted stock units, and other awards based on an aggregate of 16,000,000 shares of Class A Common Stock, par value $0.00001 per share (the “Class A Common Stock”), subject to additional sublimits, including limits on the total option grant to any one participant in a single year and the total performance award to any one participant in a single year. On April 23, 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted an amendment to the Company’s Amended and Restated 2015 Management Incentive Plan in order to increase the number of shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock reserved for issuance, and in respect of which awards may be granted under the Amended and Restated 2015 Plan from 16,000,000 shares of Class A Common Stock to an aggregate of 21,000,000 shares of Class A Common Stock and the amendment was approved by the Company’s shareholders at the Company's annual meeting of shareholders on June 5, 2020.

In connection with the IPO, non-qualified stock options to purchase 9,228,000 shares were granted at the IPO per share price, each of which vests in equal annual installments over a period of four years from the grant date and expires not later than 10 years from the grant date. Subsequent to the IPO and through September 30, 2021, options to purchase 1,628,750 shares in the aggregate were forfeited and 5,722,095 options were exercised. The fair value of the stock option grants was determined through the application of the Black-Scholes-Merton model and was recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. In connection with and subsequent to the IPO, 1,677,318 shares of immediately vested Class A Common Stock and 2,620,051 restricted stock units were granted, which vest over a period of up to 4 years and are settled in shares of Class A Common Stock. The fair value of the Class A Common Stock and restricted stock units was determined based on the volume weighted average price for the three days preceding the grant, and with respect to the restricted stock units is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period.

Amended and Restated Investment Technology Group, Inc. 2007 Omnibus Equity Compensation Plan

On the ITG Closing Date, the Company assumed the Amended and Restated ITG 2007 Omnibus Equity Compensation Plan, dated as of June 8, 2017 (the “Amended and Restated ITG 2007 Equity Plan”) and certain stock option awards, restricted stock unit awards, deferred stock unit awards and performance stock unit awards granted under the Amended and Restated ITG 2007 Equity Plan (the “Assumed Awards”). The Assumed Awards are subject to the same terms and conditions that were applicable to them under the Amended and Restated ITG 2007 Equity Plan, except that (i) the Assumed Awards relate to shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock, (ii) the number of shares of Class A Common Stock subject to the Assumed Awards was the result of an adjustment based upon an Exchange Ratio (as defined in the Agreement and Plan of Merger by and between the Company, Impala Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, and ITG, dated as of November 6, 2018, the “ITG Merger Agreement”) and (iii) the performance share unit awards were converted into service-based vesting restricted stock unit awards that were no longer subject to any performance based vesting conditions. As of the ITG Closing Date, the aggregate number of shares of Class A Common Stock subject to such Assumed Awards was 2,497,028 and the aggregate number of shares of Class A Common Stock that remained issuable pursuant to the Amended and Restated ITG 2007 Equity Plan was 1,230,406. The Company filed a Registration Statement on Form S-8 on the ITG Closing Date to register such shares of Class A Common Stock.

Parent Company Financial Information

There are no material differences between our condensed consolidated financial statements and the financial statements of Virtu Financial except as follows: (i) cash and cash equivalents reflected on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of September 30, 2021 in the amount of $60.1 million; (ii) deferred tax assets reflected on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of September 30, 2021 in the amount of $167.5 million and tax receivable agreement obligation in the amount of $254.7 million, in each case as described in greater detail in Note 5 "Tax Receivable Agreements" of Part I Item 1 “Financial Statements” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q; (iii) a portion of the member's equity of Virtu Financial is represented as noncontrolling interest on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of September 30, 2021; and (iv) provision for corporate income tax in the amount of $17.7 million and $97.5 million reflected on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.

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Components of Our Results of Operations

The following table shows our i) Total revenue, ii) Total operating expenses, and iii) Income before income taxes and noncontrolling interest by segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:


(in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
Market Making	2021		2020		2021		2020
Total revenue	$	409,290	$	474,598	$	1,635,555	$	2,064,300
Total operating expenses	273,415		312,866		921,832		1,053,429
Income before income taxes and noncontrolling interest	135,875		161,732		713,723		1,010,871
Execution Services
Total revenue	132,549		182,680		459,918		500,621
Total operating expenses	125,017		80,651		407,977		362,742
Income before income taxes and noncontrolling interest	7,532		102,029		51,941		137,879
Corporate
Total revenue	2,505		(1,166)		10,408		(2,286)
Total operating expenses	813		10,080		6,185		23,192
Income before income taxes and noncontrolling interest	1,692		(11,246)		4,223		(25,478)
Consolidated
Total revenue	544,344		656,112		2,105,881		2,562,635
Total operating expenses	399,245		403,597		1,335,994		1,439,363
Income before income taxes and noncontrolling interest	$	145,099	$	252,515	$	769,887	$	1,123,272

The following table shows our results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020		2021		2020

Revenues:
Trading income, net	$	394,265	$	441,295	$	1,591,840	$	1,987,756
Interest and dividends income	9,704		10,932		26,246		46,788
Commissions, net and technology services	135,923		133,853		470,687		452,333
Other, net	4,452		70,032		17,108		75,758
Total revenue	544,344		656,112		2,105,881		2,562,635

Operating Expenses:
Brokerage, exchange, clearance fees and payments for order flow, net	158,862		196,448		588,885		573,769
Communication and data processing	55,627		51,647		159,824		162,336
Employee compensation and payroll taxes	84,552		35,798		273,172		327,091

Interest and dividends expense	26,586		27,374		75,585		97,656
Operations and administrative	18,228		24,612		65,636		73,480
Depreciation and amortization	16,636		16,656		49,764		50,728
Amortization of purchased intangibles and acquired capitalized software	16,933		18,265		53,087		56,177
Termination of office leases	238		60		5,126		343
Debt issue cost related to debt refinancing, prepayment and commitment fees	1,237		9,916		4,981		27,282
Transaction advisory fees and expenses	167		2,463		150		2,737


Financing interest expense on long-term borrowings	20,179		20,358		59,784		67,764
Total operating expenses	399,245		403,597		1,335,994		1,439,363
Income before income taxes and noncontrolling interest	145,099		252,515		769,887		1,123,272
Provision for income taxes	21,961		52,807		128,611		200,044
Net income	$	123,138	$	199,708	$	641,276	$	923,228

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Total Revenues

Revenues are generated through market marking activities, commissions and fees on execution services activities, which include recurring subscriptions on workflow technology and analytic products. The majority of our revenues are generated through market making activities, which are recorded as Trading income, net and Interest and dividends income. Commissions and fees are derived from commissions charged for trade executions in client execution services. We earn commissions and commission equivalents, as well as, in certain cases, contingent fees based on client revenues, which represent variable consideration. The services offered under these contracts have the same pattern of transfer; accordingly, they are being measured and recognized as a single performance obligation. The performance obligation is satisfied over time, and accordingly, revenue is recognized as time passes. Variable consideration has not been included in the transaction price as the amount of consideration is contingent on factors outside our control.

Recurring revenues are primarily derived from workflow technology connectivity fees generated for matching client orders, and analytics services to select third parties. Revenues from connectivity fees are recognized and billed to clients on a monthly basis. Revenues from commissions attributable to analytic products under bundled arrangements are recognized over the course of the year as the performance obligations for those analytics products are satisfied.

Trading income, net. Trading income, net represents revenue earned from bid/ask spreads. Trading income is generated in the normal course of our market making activities and is typically proportional to the level of trading activity, or volumes, and bid/ask spreads in the asset classes we serve. Our trading income is highly diversified by asset class and geography and is comprised of small amounts earned on millions of trades on various exchanges. Our trading income, net, results from gains and losses associated with trading strategies, which are designed to capture small bid ask spreads, while hedging risks. Trading income, net, accounted for 76% and 78% of our total revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Interest and dividends income. Our market making activities require us to hold securities on a regular basis, and we generate revenues in the form of interest and dividends income from these securities. Interest is also earned on securities borrowed from other market participants pursuant to collateralized financing arrangements and on cash held by brokers. Dividend income arises from holding market making positions over dates on which dividends are paid to shareholders of record.

Commissions, net and technology services. We earn revenues on transactions for which we charge explicit commissions or commission equivalents, which include the majority of our institutional client orders. Commissions and fees are primarily affected by changes in our equities, fixed income and futures transaction volumes with institutional clients, which vary based on client relationships; changes in commission rates; client experience on the various platforms; level of volume based fees from providing liquidity to other trading venues; and the level of our soft dollar and commission recapture activity. Client commission fees are charged for client trades executed by us on behalf of third-party broker-dealers and other financial institutions. Revenue is recognized on a trade date basis, which is the point at which the performance obligation to the customer is satisfied, based on the trade being executed. In addition, we offer workflow technology and analytics services to select third parties. Revenues are derived from fees generated by matching sell-side and buy-side clients orders, and from analytic products delivered to the clients.

Technology licensing fees are charged for the licensing of our proprietary technology and the provision of related services, including hosting, management and support. These fees include an up-front component and a recurring fee for the relevant terms, which may include both fixed and variable components. Revenue is recognized ratably for these services over the contractual term of the agreement.

Other, net. We have interests in multiple strategic investments and telecommunications joint ventures (“JVs”). We record our pro-rata share of each JV’s earnings or losses within other, net, while fees related to the use of communication services provided by the JVs are recorded within communications and data processing.

We have a noncontrolling investment (the “JNX Investment”) in Japannext Co., Ltd. (“JNX”), a proprietary trading system based in Tokyo. In connection with the investment, we issued bonds to certain affiliates of JNX and used the proceeds to partially finance the transaction. Revenues or losses are recognized due to the changes in fair value of the investment or fluctuations in Japanese Yen conversion rates within Other, net.

Other, net can also include gains on sales of businesses, revenues from service agreements related to the sale of businesses, and the gain or loss on the ineffective portion of derivatives used as cash flow hedging instruments.

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Operating Expenses

Brokerage, exchange, clearance fees and payments for order flow, net. Brokerage, exchange, clearance fees and payments for order flow are our most significant expenses, which include the direct expenses of executing and clearing transactions that we consummate in the course of our market making activities. Brokerage, exchange, clearance fees and payments for order flow primarily consist of fees charged by third parties for executing, processing and settling trades. These fees generally increase and decrease in direct correlation with the level of our trading activity. Execution fees are paid primarily to exchanges and venues where we trade. Clearance fees are paid to clearing houses and clearing agents. Payments for order flow represent payments to broker-dealer clients, in the normal course of business, for directing their order flow in U.S. equities to the Company. Rebates based on volume discounts, credits or payments received from exchanges or other marketplaces are netted against brokerage, exchange, clearance fees and payments for order flow.

Communication and data processing. Communication and data processing represent primarily fixed expenses for leased equipment, equipment co-location, network lines and connectivity for our trading centers and co-location facilities. Communications expense consists primarily of the cost of voice and data telecommunication lines supporting our business, including connectivity to data centers, exchanges, markets and liquidity pools around the world, and data processing expense consists primarily of market data subscription fees that we pay to third parties to receive price quotes and related information.

Employee compensation and payroll taxes. Employee compensation and payroll taxes include employee salaries, cash and non-cash incentive compensation, employee benefits, payroll taxes, severance and other employee related costs. Employee compensation and payroll taxes also includes non-cash compensation expenses with respect to restricted stock units and restricted stock awards granted in connection with and subsequent to the IPO pursuant to the Amended and Restated 2015 Management Incentive Plan and Class A Common Stock underlying certain awards assumed pursuant to the Amended and Restated ITG 2007 Equity Plan.

Interest and dividends expense. We incur interest expense from loaning certain equity securities in the general course of our market making activities pursuant to collateralized lending transactions. Typically, dividend expense is incurred when a dividend is paid on securities sold short.

Operations and administrative. Operations and administrative expense represents occupancy, recruiting, travel and related expense, professional fees and other expenses.

Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization expense results from the depreciation of fixed assets, such as computing and communications hardware, as well as amortization of leasehold improvements and capitalized in-house software development. We depreciate our computer hardware and related software, office hardware and furniture and fixtures on a straight-line basis over a period of 3 to 7 years based on the estimated useful life of the underlying asset, and we amortize our capitalized software development costs on a straight-line basis over a period of 1.5 to 3 years, which represents the estimated useful lives of the underlying software. We amortize leasehold improvements on a straight-line basis over the lesser of the life of the improvement or the term of the lease.

Amortization of purchased intangibles and acquired capitalized software. Amortization of purchased intangibles and acquired capitalized software represents the amortization of finite lived intangible assets acquired in connection with the acquisition of certain assets from Nyenburgh Holding B.V., Teza Technologies, the Acquisition of KCG, and the ITG Acquisition. These assets are amortized over their useful lives, ranging from 1 to 15 years, except for certain assets which were categorized as having indefinite useful lives.

Termination of office leases. Termination of office leases represents the write-off expense related to certain office space we ceased use of as part of the effort to integrate and consolidate office space in connection with the Acquisition of KCG and the ITG Acquisition. The aggregate write-off amount includes the impairment of operating lease right-of-use assets, leasehold improvements and fixed assets, and dilapidation charges.

Debt issue costs related to debt refinancing, prepayment and commitment fees. As a result of the refinancing or early termination of our long-term borrowings, we accelerate the capitalized debt issue costs and the discount on the term loan that would otherwise be amortized or accreted over the life of the term loan. Premium paid in connection with retiring outstanding bonds, and commitment fees paid for lines of credit are also included in this category.

Transaction advisory fees and expenses. Transaction advisory fees and expenses primarily reflect professional fees incurred by us in connection with one or more acquisitions or dispositions.

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Financing interest expense on long-term borrowings. Financing interest expense reflects interest accrued on outstanding indebtedness under our long-term borrowing arrangements.

Provision for (benefit from) income taxes

We are subject to U.S. federal, state and local income tax at the rate applicable to corporations less the rate attributable to the noncontrolling interest in Virtu Financial.

Our effective tax rate is subject to significant variation due to several factors, including variability in our pre-tax and taxable income and loss and the jurisdictions to which they relate, changes in how we do business, acquisitions and investments, audit-related developments, tax law developments (including changes in statutes, regulations, case law, and administrative practices), and relative changes of expenses or losses for which tax benefits are not recognized. Additionally, our effective tax rate can be more or less volatile based on the amount of pre-tax income or loss. For example, the impact of discrete items and non-deductible expenses on our effective tax rate is greater when our pre-tax income is lower.

We regularly assess whether it is more likely than not that we will realize our deferred tax assets in each taxing jurisdiction in which we operate. In performing this assessment with respect to each jurisdiction, we review all available evidence, including actual and expected future earnings, capital gains, and investment in such jurisdiction, the carry-forward periods available to us for tax reporting purposes, and other relevant factors. See Note 14 "Income Taxes" of Part I Item 1 “Financial Statements” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.

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Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Other Items

To supplement our condensed consolidated financial statements presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”), we use the following non-U.S. GAAP (“Non-GAAP”) financial measures of financial performance:

•“Adjusted Net Trading Income”, which is the amount of revenue we generate from our market making activities, or Trading income, net, plus Commissions, net and technology services, plus Interest and dividends income, less direct costs associated with those revenues, including Brokerage, exchange, clearance fees and payments for order flow, net, and Interest and dividends expense. Management believes that this measurement is useful for comparing general operating performance from period to period. Although we use Adjusted Net Trading Income as a financial measure to assess the performance of our business, the use of Adjusted Net Trading Income is limited because it does not include certain material costs that are necessary to operate our business. Our presentation of Adjusted Net Trading Income should not be construed as an indication that our future results will be unaffected by revenues or expenses that are not directly associated with our market making activities.

•“EBITDA”, which measures our operating performance by adjusting net income to exclude Financing interest expense on long-term borrowings, Debt issue cost related to debt refinancing, prepayment, and commitment fees, Depreciation and amortization, Amortization of purchased intangibles and acquired capitalized software, and Income tax expense, and “Adjusted EBITDA”, which measures our operating performance by further adjusting EBITDA to exclude severance, transaction advisory fees and expenses, termination of office leases, charges related to share based compensation and other expenses, which includes reserves for legal matters, COVID-19 one-time costs and donations and Other, net.

•“Normalized Adjusted Net Income”, “Normalized Adjusted Net Income before income taxes”, “Normalized provision for income taxes”, and “Normalized Adjusted EPS”, which we calculate by adjusting Net Income to exclude certain items and other non-cash items, assuming that all vested and unvested Virtu Financial Units have been exchanged for Class A Common Stock, and applying an effective tax rate, which was approximately 24%.

•Operating Margins, which are calculated by dividing net income, EBITDA, and Adjusted EBITDA by Adjusted Net Trading Income.

Adjusted Net Trading Income, EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Normalized Adjusted Net Income, Normalized Adjusted Net Income before income taxes, Normalized provision for income taxes, Normalized Adjusted EPS, and Operating Margins (collectively, the “Company's Non-GAAP Measures”) are non-GAAP financial measures used by management in evaluating operating performance and in making strategic decisions. Additional information provided regarding the breakdown of total Adjusted Net Trading Income by category is also a non-GAAP financial measure but is not used by the Company in evaluating operating performance and in making strategic decisions. In addition, the Company's Non-GAAP Measures or similar non-GAAP financial measures are used by research analysts, investment bankers and lenders to assess our operating performance. Management believes that the presentation of the Company's Non-GAAP Measures provides useful information to investors regarding our results of operations and cash flows because they assist both investors and management in analyzing and benchmarking the performance and value of our business. The Company's Non-GAAP Measures provide indicators of general economic performance that are not affected by fluctuations in certain costs or other items. Accordingly, management believes that these measurements are useful for comparing general operating performance from period to period. Furthermore, our Credit Agreement contains covenants and other tests based on metrics similar to Adjusted EBITDA. Other companies may define Adjusted Net Trading Income, Adjusted EBITDA, Normalized Adjusted Net Income, Normalized Adjusted Net Income before income taxes, Normalized provision for income taxes, Normalized Adjusted EPS, and Operating Margins differently, and as a result the Company's Non-GAAP Measures may not be directly comparable to those of other companies. Although we use the Company's Non-GAAP Measures as financial measures to assess the performance of our business, such use is limited because they do not include certain material costs necessary to operate our business.

The Company's Non-GAAP Measures should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for, Net Income in accordance with U.S. GAAP as a measure of performance. Our presentation of the Company's Non-GAAP Measures should not be construed as an indication that our future results will be unaffected by unusual or nonrecurring items. The Company's Non-GAAP Measures have limitations as analytical tools, and you should not consider them in isolation or as substitutes for analysis of our results as reported under U.S. GAAP. Some of these limitations are:

•they do not reflect every cash expenditure, future requirements for capital expenditures or contractual commitments;

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•our EBITDA-based measures do not reflect the significant interest expense or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payment on our debt;

•although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized will often have to be replaced or require improvements in the future, and our EBITDA-based measures do not reflect any cash requirement for such replacements or improvements;

•they are not adjusted for all non-cash income or expense items that are reflected in our statements of cash flows;

•they do not reflect the impact of earnings or charges resulting from matters we consider not to be indicative of our ongoing operations; and

•they do not reflect limitations on our costs related to transferring earnings from our subsidiaries to us.

Because of these limitations, the Company's Non-GAAP Measures are not intended as alternatives to Net Income as indicators of our operating performance and should not be considered as measures of discretionary cash available to us to invest in the growth of our business or as measures of cash that will be available to us to meet our obligations. We compensate for these limitations by using the Company's Non-GAAP Measures along with other comparative tools, together with U.S. GAAP measurements, to assist in the evaluation of operating performance. These U.S. GAAP measurements include operating Net Income, cash flows from operations and cash flow data. See below a reconciliation of each of the Company's Non-GAAP Measures to the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure.

The following table reconciles the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income to arrive at Adjusted Net Trading Income, EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, and Operating Margins for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2021			2020			2021			2020
Reconciliation of Trading income, net to Adjusted Net Trading Income
Trading income, net	$	394,265		$	441,295		$	1,591,840		$	1,987,756
Interest and dividends income	9,704			10,932			26,246			46,788
Commissions, net and technology services	135,923			133,853			470,687			452,333
Brokerage, exchange, clearance fees and payments for order flow, net	(158,862)			(196,448)			(588,885)			(573,769)
Interest and dividends expense	(26,586)			(27,374)			(75,585)			(97,656)
Adjusted Net Trading Income	$	354,444		$	362,258		$	1,424,303		$	1,815,452

Reconciliation of Net Income to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA
Net income	$	123,138		$	199,708		$	641,276		$	923,228
Financing interest expense on long-term borrowings	20,179			20,358			59,784			67,764
Debt issue cost related to debt refinancing, prepayment, and commitment fees	1,237			9,916			4,981			27,282
Depreciation and amortization	16,636			16,656			49,764			50,728
Amortization of purchased intangibles and acquired capitalized software	16,933			18,265			53,087			56,177
Provision for income taxes	21,961			52,807			128,611			200,044
EBITDA	$	200,084		$	317,710		$	937,503		$	1,325,223
Severance	1,538			3,030			4,577			7,192

Transaction advisory fees and expenses	167			2,463			150			2,737
Termination of office leases	238			60			5,126			343


Gain on sale of MATCHNow	—			(58,652)			—			(58,652)

Other	(4,225)			(11,138)			(12,827)			(10,157)
Share based compensation	12,930			(4,740)			38,260			37,510


Adjusted EBITDA	$	210,732		$	248,733		$	972,789		$	1,304,196

Selected Operating Margins
Net Income Margin (1)	34.7		%	55.1		%	45.0		%	50.9		%
EBITDA Margin (2)	56.5		%	87.7		%	65.8		%	73.0		%
Adjusted EBITDA Margin (3)	59.5		%	68.7		%	68.3		%	71.8		%

(1)Calculated by dividing net income by Adjusted Net Trading Income.

(2)Calculated by dividing EBITDA by Adjusted Net Trading Income.

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(3)Calculated by dividing Adjusted EBITDA by Adjusted Net Trading Income.

The following table reconciles Net Income to arrive at Normalized Adjusted Net Income before income taxes, Normalized provision for income taxes, Normalized Adjusted Net Income and Normalized Adjusted EPS for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except share and per share data)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Reconciliation of Net Income to Normalized Adjusted Net Income
Net income (loss)	$	123,138	$	199,708	$	641,276	$	923,228
Provision for income taxes	21,961		52,807		128,611		200,044
Income (loss) before income taxes	145,099		252,515		769,887		1,123,272

Amortization of purchased intangibles and acquired capitalized software	16,933		18,265		53,087		56,177

Debt issue cost related to debt refinancing, prepayment, and commitment fees	1,237		9,916		4,981		27,282

Severance	1,538		3,030		4,577		7,192
Transaction advisory fees and expenses	167		2,463		150		2,737
Termination of office leases	238		60		5,126		343


Gain on sale of MATCHNow	—		(58,652)		—		(58,652)



Other	(4,225)		(11,138)		(12,827)		(10,157)
Share based compensation	12,930		(4,740)		38,260		37,510


Normalized Adjusted Net Income before income taxes	173,917		211,719		863,241		1,185,704
Normalized provision for income taxes (1)	41,740		50,813		207,178		284,569
Normalized Adjusted Net Income	$	132,177	$	160,906	$	656,063	$	901,135

Weighted Average Adjusted shares outstanding (2)	190,141,600		198,097,715		193,929,595		196,736,969

Normalized Adjusted EPS	$	0.70	$	0.81	$	3.38	$	4.58

(1)Reflects U.S. federal, state, and local income tax rate applicable to corporations of approximately 24% for 2021 and 2020.

(2)Assumes that (1) holders of all vested and unvested non-vesting Virtu Financial Units (together with corresponding shares of the Company's Class C common stock, par value $0.00001 per share (the “Class C Common Stock”)) have exercised their right to exchange such Virtu Financial Units for shares of Class A Common Stock on a one-for-one basis, (2) holders of all Virtu Financial Units (together with corresponding shares of the Company's Class D common stock, par value $0.00001 per share (the “Class D Common Stock”)) have exercised their right to exchange such Virtu Financial Units for shares of the Company's Class B common stock, par value $0.00001 per share (the “Class B Common Stock”) on a one-for-one basis, and subsequently exercised their right to convert the shares of Class B Common Stock into shares of Class A Common Stock on a one-for-one basis. Includes additional shares from dilutive impact of options, restricted stock units and restricted stock awards outstanding under the Amended and Restated 2015 Management Incentive Plan and the Amended and Restated ITG 2007 Equity Plan during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 as well as warrants issued in connection with the Founder Member Loan during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.

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The following tables reconcile Trading income, net to Adjusted Net Trading Income by segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
(in thousands)	Market Making		Execution Services		Corporate		Total
Trading income, net	$	389,422	$	4,843	$	—	$	394,265
Commissions, net and technology services	8,894		127,029		—		135,923
Interest and dividends income	9,704		—		—		9,704
Brokerage, exchange, clearance fees and payments for order flow, net	(134,849)		(24,013)		—		(158,862)

Interest and dividends expense	(24,469)		(2,117)		—		(26,586)
Adjusted Net Trading Income	$	248,702	$	105,742	$	—	$	354,444



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
(in thousands)	Market Making		Execution Services		Corporate		Total
Trading income, net	$	441,829	$	(534)	$	—	$	441,295
Commissions, net and technology services	9,391		124,462		—		133,853
Interest and dividends income	10,763		169		—		10,932
Brokerage, exchange, clearance fees and payments for order flow, net	(177,758)		(18,690)		—		(196,448)

Interest and dividends expense	(26,990)		(384)		—		(27,374)
Adjusted Net Trading Income	$	257,235	$	105,023	$	—	$	362,258


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
(in thousands)	Market Making		Execution Services		Corporate		Total
Trading income, net	$	1,571,347	$	20,493	$	—	$	1,591,840
Commissions, net and technology services	32,111		438,576		—		470,687
Interest and dividends income	26,174		72		—		26,246
Brokerage, exchange, clearance fees and payments for order flow, net	(502,828)		(86,057)		—		(588,885)
Interest and dividends expense	(70,905)		(4,680)		—		(75,585)
Adjusted Net Trading Income	$	1,055,899	$	368,404	$	—	$	1,424,303


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
(in thousands)	Market Making		Execution Services		Corporate		Total
Trading income, net	$	1,989,176	$	(1,420)	$	—	$	1,987,756
Commissions, net and technology services	9,526		442,807		—		452,333
Interest and dividends income	46,216		572		—		46,788
Brokerage, exchange, clearance fees and payments for order flow, net	(487,234)		(86,535)		—		(573,769)
Interest and dividends expense	(96,062)		(1,594)		—		(97,656)
Adjusted Net Trading Income	$	1,461,622	$	353,830	$	—	$	1,815,452

The following table shows our Adjusted Net Trading Income and average daily Adjusted Net Trading Income by segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:

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	Three Months Ended September 30,
Adjusted Net Trading Income by Segment (in thousands):	2021		2020		% Change
Market Making	$	248,702	$	257,235	(3.3)%





Execution Services	105,742		105,023		0.7%



Adjusted Net Trading Income	$	354,444	$	362,258	(2.2)%

	Three Months Ended September 30,
Average Daily Adjusted Net Trading Income by Segment (in thousands):	2021		2020		% Change
Market Making	$	3,886	$	4,019	(3.3)%





Execution Services	1,652		1,641		0.7%



Average Daily Adjusted Net Trading Income	$	5,538	$	5,660	(2.2)%



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
Adjusted Net Trading Income by Segment (in thousands):	2021		2020		% Change
Market Making	$	1,055,899	$	1,461,622	(27.8)%





Execution Services	368,404		353,830		4.1%



Adjusted Net Trading Income	$	1,424,303	$	1,815,452	(21.5)%

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
Average Daily Adjusted Net Trading Income by Segment (in thousands):	2021		2020		% Change
Market Making	$	5,616	$	7,733	(27.4)%





Execution Services	1,960		1,872		4.7%



Average Daily Adjusted Net Trading Income	$	7,576	$	9,605	(21.1)%

Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2020

Total Revenues

Our total revenues decreased $111.8 million, or 17.0%, to $544.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $656.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The decrease was primarily driven by a decrease of $47.0 million in Trading income, net, which was driven by lower market volatility across global markets and major asset categories during the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period in 2020, which experienced elevated levels of market volatility and trading volumes largely due to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and the governmental and other responses thereto. Additionally, Other, net declined $65.6 million primarily attributable to the sale of MATCHNow on August 4, 2020.

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The following table shows total revenues by segment for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.


	Three Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except for percentage)	2021		2020		% Change
Market Making
Trading income, net	$	389,422	$	441,829	(11.9)%
Interest and dividends income	9,704		10,763		(9.8)%
Commissions, net and technology services	8,894		9,391		(5.3)%
Other, net	1,270		12,615		(89.9)%
Total revenues from Market Making	$	409,290	$	474,598	(13.8)%

Execution Services
Trading income, net	$	4,843	$	(534)	NM
Interest and dividends income	—		169		(100.0)%
Commissions, net and technology services	127,029		124,462		2.1%
Other, net	677		58,583		(98.8)%
Total revenues from Execution Services	$	132,549	$	182,680	(27.4)%

Corporate



Other, net	$	2,505	$	(1,166)	NM
Total revenues from Corporate	$	2,505	$	(1,166)	NM

Consolidated
Trading income, net	$	394,265	$	441,295	(10.7)%
Interest and dividends income	9,704		10,932		(11.2)%
Commissions, net and technology services	135,923		133,853		1.5%
Other, net	4,452		70,032		(93.6)
Total revenues	$	544,344	$	656,112	(17.0)%

Trading income, net. Trading income, net was primarily earned by our Market Making segment. Trading income, net decreased $47.0 million, or 10.7%, to $394.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $441.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The decrease was primarily driven by the lower market volatility across global markets and major asset categories during the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period in 2020, which experienced elevated levels of market volatility largely due to the impacts of the COVID-19 and the governmental and other responses thereto. Average daily realized volatility of the S&P 500 Index decreased 34.6% during the period as compared to the prior period, while average daily U.S. equity consolidated volumes decreased 1.8%. Rather than analyzing trading income, net, in isolation, we evaluate it in the broader context of our Adjusted Net Trading Income, together with Interest and dividends income, Interest and dividends expense, Commissions, net and technology services and Brokerage, exchange, clearance fees and payments for order flow, net, each of which is described below.

Interest and dividends income. Interest and dividends income was primarily earned by our Market Making segment. Interest and dividends income decreased $1.2 million, or 11.2%, to $9.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $10.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. This decrease was primarily attributable to the lower interest income earned on cash collateral posted as part of securities borrowing transactions as well as a reduction in securities borrowing transactions for the period compared to the same period during the prior year. As indicated above, rather than analyzing interest and dividends income in isolation, we evaluate it in the broader context of our Adjusted Net Trading Income.

Other, net. Other, net decreased $65.6 million, or 93.6%, to $4.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $70.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The decrease was primarily due to a $56.2 million gain recorded on the sale of MATCHNow in the third quarter of 2020 (see Note 3 "Sale of MATCHNow" of Part I Item I "Financial Statements" of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for details on the MATCHNow Sale).

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Adjusted Net Trading Income

Adjusted Net Trading Income decreased $7.8 million, or 2.2%, to $354.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $362.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. This decrease was primarily attributable to lower Trading income, net in the Market Making segment driven by lower market volatility across major asset categories during the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period in 2020. Average daily realized volatility of the S&P 500 Index and average daily CVIX realized volatility decreased 34.6% and 59.1%, respectively, compared to the prior period, while average daily U.S. equity consolidated volumes decreased 1.8%. Adjusted Net Trading Income per day decreased $0.1 million, or 2.2%, to $5.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $5.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. There were 64 trading days for both the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020. Adjusted Net Trading Income is a non-GAAP measure. For a full description of Adjusted Net Trading Income and a reconciliation of Adjusted Net Trading Income to trading income, net, see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Other Items” in this Item 2. “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”.

Operating Expenses

Our operating expenses decreased $4.4 million, or 1.1%, to $399.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $403.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The decrease in operating expenses is primarily due to a decrease in brokerage, exchange, clearance fees and payments for order flow, net and debt issue cost related to debt refinancing, prepayment and commitment fees, partially offset by an increase in employee compensation and payroll taxes and other operating expenses described in more detail below.

Brokerage, exchange, clearance fees and payments for order flow, net. Brokerage exchange, clearance fees and payments for order flow, net, decreased $37.6 million, or 19.1%, to $158.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $196.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. This decrease was primarily attributable to the decrease in market volatility during the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period in 2020. We evaluate this category representing direct costs associated with transacting business, in the broader context of our Adjusted Net Trading Income.

Communication and data processing. Communication and data processing expense increased $4.0 million, or 7.7%, to $55.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $51.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. This increase was primarily due to increased connectivity spending on colocation, subscriber connections and trading membership fees.

Employee compensation and payroll taxes. Employee compensation and payroll taxes increased $48.8 million, or 136.2%, to $84.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $35.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The increase in compensation levels was primarily attributable to an increase in accrued incentive compensation, which is recorded at management’s discretion and is generally accrued in connection with the overall level of profitability on a year-to-date basis, as well as the anticipated mix of cash and stock-based awards.

We have capitalized and therefore excluded employee compensation and benefits related to software development of $8.7 million for both the three months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020.

Interest and dividends expense. Interest and dividends expense decreased $0.8 million or 2.9% to $26.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $27.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. This decrease was primarily attributable to lower interest expense incurred on cash collateral received as part of securities lending transactions, as well as a reduction in securities lending transactions for the period compared to the same period during the prior year. As indicated above, rather than analyzing interest and dividends expense in isolation, we evaluate it in the broader context of our Adjusted Net Trading Income.

Operations and administrative. Operations and administrative expense decreased $6.4 million or 25.9%, to $18.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $24.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. This decrease was driven primarily by increased subleasing, combined with on-going efforts to consolidate office premises and professional services after the ITG Acquisition.

Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization remained consistent at $16.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $16.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020.

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Amortization of purchased intangibles and acquired capitalized software. Amortization of purchased intangibles and acquired capitalized software decreased $1.3 million, or 7.3%, to $16.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $18.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. This decrease was due to certain technology intangible assets acquired in connection with the KCG Acquisition being fully amortized.

Termination of office leases. Termination of office leases remained consistent at $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. These expenses are related to the impairment of leasehold improvements and fixed assets for certain abandoned office space as part of the effort to integrate and consolidate office space in connection with the Acquisition of KCG and the ITG Acquisition.

Debt issue cost related to debt refinancing, prepayment and commitment fees. Expense from debt issue costs related to debt refinancing, prepayment and commitment fees decreased $8.7 million, or 87.5%, to $1.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $9.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The decrease was primarily driven by the prepayment of $100.0 million made during the third quarter of 2020.

Transaction advisory fees and expenses. Transaction advisory fees and expenses decreased $2.3 million, or 93.2%, to $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $2.5 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020. These expenses were primarily incurred in the prior period related to the sale of MATCHNow, as discussed in Note 3 "Sale of MATCHNow" of Part I Item 1 “Financial Statements” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Financing interest expense on long-term borrowings. Financing interest expense on long-term borrowings remained consistent at $20.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $20.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020.

Provision for income taxes

We incur corporate tax at the U.S. federal income tax rate on our taxable income, as adjusted for noncontrolling interest in Virtu Financial. Our income tax expense reflects such U.S. federal income tax as well as taxes payable by certain of our non-U.S. subsidiaries. Our provision for income taxes and effective tax rates were $22.0 million, 15.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $52.8 million, 20.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2020.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020

Total Revenues

Our total revenues decreased $456.8 million, or 17.8%, to $2,105.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $2,562.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. This decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease of $395.9 million in Trading income, net, which was primarily driven by lower market volatility during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the prior period. Additionally, Other, net declined $58.7 million primarily attributable to the sale of MATCHNow on August 4, 2020.

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The following table shows the total revenues by segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except for percentage)	2021		2020		% Change
Market Making
Trading income, net	$	1,571,347	$	1,989,176	(21.0)%
Interest and dividends income	26,174		46,216		(43.4)%
Commissions, net and technology services	32,111		9,526		237.1%
Other, net	5,923		19,382		(69.4)%
Total revenues from Market Making	$	1,635,555	$	2,064,300	(20.8)%

Execution Services
Trading income, net	$	20,493	$	(1,420)	NM
Interest and dividends income	72		572		(87.4)%
Commissions, net and technology services	438,576		442,807		(1.0)%
Other, net	777		58,662		(99)%
Total revenues from Execution Services	$	459,918	$	500,621	(8.1)%

Corporate



Other, net	$	10,408	$	(2,286)	NM
Total revenues from Corporate	$	10,408	$	(2,286)	NM

Consolidated
Trading income, net	$	1,591,840	$	1,987,756	(19.9)%
Interest and dividends income	26,246		46,788		(43.9)%
Commissions, net and technology services	470,687		452,333		4.1%
Other, net	17,108		75,758		(77.4)%
Total revenues	$	2,105,881	$	2,562,635	(17.8)%

Trading income, net. Trading income, net was primarily earned by our Market Making segment. Trading income, net, decreased $395.9 million, or 19.9%, to $1,591.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $1,987.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The decrease was primarily driven by lower market volatility during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020, which experienced elevated levels of market volatility and trading volumes largely due to the impacts of the COVID-19 and the governmental and other responses thereto. Average daily realized volatility of the S&P 500 Index decreased 55.4% compared to the prior period, and the average daily realized volatility of the CVIX decreased 64.4% compared to prior period. Rather than analyzing trading income, net, in isolation, we evaluate it in the broader context of our Adjusted Net Trading Income, together with Interest and dividends income, Interest and dividends expense, Commissions, net and technology services and Brokerage, exchange, clearance fees and payments for order flow, net, each of which are described below.

Interest and dividends income. Interest and dividends income was primarily earned by our Market Making segment. Interest and dividends income decreased $20.5 million, or 43.9%, to $26.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $46.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. This decrease was primarily attributable to lower interest income earned on cash collateral posted as part of securities borrowed transactions driven by lower interest rates as well as a reduction in securities borrowing transactions for the period compared to the same period during the prior year. As indicated above, rather than analyzing interest and dividends income in isolation, we evaluate it in the broader context of our Adjusted Net Trading Income.

Commissions, net and technology services. Commissions, net and technology services revenues were primarily earned by our Execution Services segment. Commissions, net and technology services revenues increased $18.4 million, or 4.1%, to $470.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $452.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The increase was primarily attributable to higher trading volumes in U.S. equities. Average daily U.S. equities consolidated volumes increased 11.1% compared to prior period. As indicated above, rather than analyzing commissions, net and technology services in isolation, we evaluate it in the broader context of our Adjusted Net Trading Income.

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Other, net. Other, net decreased $58.7 million, or 77.4%, to $17.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $75.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The decrease was primarily due to a $56.2 million gain recorded on the sale of MATCHNow in the third quarter 2020 (see Note 3 "Sale of MATCHNow" of Part I Item 1 “Financial Statements” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for details on the MATCHNow sale).

Adjusted Net Trading Income

Adjusted Net Trading Income decreased $391.1 million, or 21.5%, to $1,424.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $1,815.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. This decrease was primarily attributable to lower Trading Income, net (described above), driven by lower market volatility during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the prior period, and higher Brokerage, exchange, clearance fees and payments for order flow, net (described below) incurred by Market Making. Average daily realized volatility of the S&P 500 Index and average daily CVIX realized volatility decreased 55.4% and 64.4%, respectively, compared to the prior period, while average daily U.S. equity consolidated volumes increased 11.1%. Adjusted Net Trading Income per day decreased $2.0 million, or 21.1%, to $7.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $9.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The number of trading days was 188 days for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 189 days for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Adjusted Net Trading Income is a non-GAAP measure. For a full description of Adjusted Net Trading Income and a reconciliation of Adjusted Net Trading Income to trading income, net, see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Other Items” in this “Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”.

Operating Expenses

Our operating expenses decreased $103.4 million, or 7.2%, to $1,336.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $1,439.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The decrease in operating expenses was primarily due to lower employee compensation and payroll taxes, interest and dividends expense, and debt issue cost related to debt refinancing, prepayment, and commitment fees, offset by an increase in Brokerage, exchange, clearance fees and payments for order flow, net compared to the same period in the prior year, described in more detail below.

Brokerage, exchange, clearance fees and payments for order flow, net. Brokerage, exchange, clearance fees and payments for order flow, net, increased $15.1 million, or 2.6%, to $588.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $573.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. This increase was primarily attributable to increases in volumes from our broker-dealer clients eligible for payments for order flow, driven by higher participation of retail investors in the market during the quarter compared to the prior year. We evaluate this category, representing direct costs associated with transacting our business, in the broader context of our Adjusted Net Trading Income.

Communication and data processing. Communication and data processing expense decreased $2.5 million, or 1.5%, to $159.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $162.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. This decrease was primarily attributable to reductions in connectivity connections as a result of an on-going effort to consolidate various communication and data processing services and subscriptions.

Employee compensation and payroll taxes. Employee compensation and payroll taxes decreased $53.9 million, or 16.5%, to $273.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $327.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The decrease in compensation levels was primarily attributable to a reduction in accrued incentive compensation in the current period, relative to the prior period, which is recorded at management’s discretion and is generally accrued in connection with the overall level of profitability, as well as a result of one-time cash bonuses awarded in the first quarter of 2020 to certain employees to mitigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.

We have capitalized and therefore excluded employee compensation and benefits related to software development of $26.7 million and $28.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Interest and dividends expense. Interest and dividends expense decreased $22.1 million, or 22.6%, to $75.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $97.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. This decrease was primarily attributable to lower interest expense incurred on cash collateral received as well as a reduction in securities lending transactions for the period compared to the same period during the prior year. As indicated above, rather than analyzing interest and dividends expense in isolation, we generally evaluate it in the broader context of our Adjusted Net Trading Income.

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Operations and administrative. Operations and administrative expense decreased $7.8 million, or 10.7%, to $65.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $73.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The decrease was primarily attributable to decreases in travel and entertainment due to the on-going effects of the COVID-19 pandemic as well the on-going efforts to consolidate office premises and professional services after the ITG Acquisition.

Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization decreased $1.0 million, or 1.9%, to $49.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $50.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. This decrease was primarily attributable to certain assets being fully depreciated in 2020 partially offset by an increase in capital expenditures on telecommunication, networking, and other assets.

Amortization of purchased intangibles and acquired capitalized software. Amortization of purchased intangibles and acquired capitalized software decreased $3.1 million, or 5.5%, to $53.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $56.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. This decrease was primarily attributable to certain intangible assets being fully amortized in 2020.

Termination of office leases. Termination of office leases was $5.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $0.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Expense from termination of office leases was due to the impairment of operating lease right-of-use assets and leasehold improvements and fixed assets for certain abandoned office space as part of the efforts to integrate and consolidate office space in connection with the Acquisition of KCG and the ITG Acquisition.

Debt issue costs related to debt refinancing, prepayment and commitment fees. Expense from debt issue costs related to debt refinancing, prepayment and commitment fees decreased $22.3 million, or 81.7%, to $5.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $27.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The amount for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was primarily driven by the amortization of debt issue costs related to the addition of the Founder Member Loan Facility in March 2020, which expired as of September 20, 2020, costs incurred related to Amendment No. 2 to the Credit Agreement (as defined below), and the prepayment of $288.5 million made during the the nine months ended September 30, 2020. See Note 9 "Borrowings" of Part I Item 1 “Financial Statements” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional details.

Transaction advisory fees and expenses. Transaction advisory fees and expenses decreased $2.6 million, or 94.5%, to $0.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $2.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. These expenses were primarily incurred in prior years related to the ITG Acquisition and Acquisition of KCG, for which we incurred significant transaction advisory fees.

Financing interest expense on long term borrowings. Financing interest expense on long-term borrowings decreased $8.0 million, or 11.8%, to $59.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $67.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. This decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in outstanding principal as a result of prepayments made during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as discussed in Note 9 "Borrowings" of Part I Item 1 “Financial Statements” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, in addition to lower interest rates.

Provision for income taxes

We incur corporate tax at the U.S. federal income tax rate on our taxable income, as adjusted for noncontrolling interest in Virtu Financial. Our income tax expense reflects such U.S. federal income tax as well as taxes payable by certain of our non-U.S. subsidiaries. Our provision for income taxes and effective tax rates were $128.6 million, 16.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to a provision for income taxes of $200.0 million, 17.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

General

As of September 30, 2021, we had $683.8 million in Cash and cash equivalents. This balance is maintained primarily to support operating activities for capital expenditures and for short-term access to liquidity, and for other general corporate purposes. As of September 30, 2021, we had borrowings under our prime brokerage credit facilities of approximately $202.5 million, borrowings under our broker dealer facilities of $178.0 million, short-term bank overdrafts of $136.7 million, and long-term debt outstanding in an aggregate principal amount of approximately $1,631.2 million.

The majority of our trading assets consist of exchange-listed marketable securities, which are marked-to-market daily, and collateralized receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations arising from proprietary securities transactions. Collateralized receivables consist primarily of securities borrowed, receivables from clearing houses for settlement of securities transactions and, to a lesser extent, securities purchased under agreements to resell. We actively manage our liquidity, and we maintain significant borrowing facilities through the securities lending markets and with banks and prime brokers. We have continually received the benefit of uncommitted margin financing from our prime brokers globally. These margin facilities are secured by securities in accounts held at the prime brokers. For purposes of providing additional liquidity, we maintain a committed credit facility and an uncommitted credit facility for our wholly-owned broker-dealer subsidiary, as discussed in Note 9 "Borrowings" of Part I Item 1 “Financial Statements” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Based on our current level of operations, we believe our cash flows from operations, available cash and cash equivalents, and available borrowings under our broker-dealer credit facilities will be adequate to meet our future liquidity needs for more than the next twelve months. We anticipate that our primary upcoming cash and liquidity needs will be increased margin requirements from increased trading activities in markets where we currently provide liquidity and in new markets into which we plan to expand. We manage and monitor our margin and liquidity needs on a real-time basis and can adjust our requirements both intra-day and inter-day, as required. We do not believe that the impacts of COVID-19 or the governmental and other responses thereto to date have adversely impacted our long-term financial condition or long-term capital requirements.

We expect our principal sources of future liquidity to come from cash flows provided by operating activities and financing activities. Certain of our cash balances are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, generally up to $250,000 per account but without a cap under certain conditions. From time to time these cash balances may exceed insured limits, but we select financial institutions deemed highly credit worthy to minimize risk. We consider highly liquid investments with original maturities of less than three months, when acquired, to be cash equivalents.

Tax Receivable Agreements

Generally, we are required under the tax receivable agreements entered into in connection with our IPO to make payments to certain direct or indirect equity holders of Virtu Financial that are generally equal to 85% of the applicable cash tax savings, if any, that we realize as a result of favorable tax attributes that are available to us as a result of the Reorganization Transactions, for exchanges of membership interests for Class A Common Stock or Class B Common Stock and payments made under the tax receivable agreements. We will retain the remaining 15% of any such cash tax savings. We expect that future payments to certain direct or indirect equity holders of Virtu Financial described in Note 5 "Tax Receivable Agreements" to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I Item 1 “Financial Statements” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are expected to range from approximately $0.9 million to $21.7 million per year over the next 15 years. Such payments will occur only after we have filed our U.S. federal and state income tax returns and realized the cash tax savings from the favorable tax attributes. We made our first payment of $7.0 million in February 2017, our second payment of $12.4 million in September 2018, our third payment of $13.3 million in March 2020, and our fourth payment of $16.5 million in April 2021. Future payments under the tax receivable agreements in respect of subsequent exchanges would be in addition to these amounts. We currently expect to fund these payments from realized cash tax savings from the favorable tax attributes.

Under the tax receivable agreements, as a result of certain types of transactions and other factors, including a transaction resulting in a change of control, we may also be required to make payments to certain direct or indirect equity holders of Virtu Financial in amounts equal to the present value of future payments we are obligated to make under the tax receivable agreements. We would expect any acceleration of these payments to be funded from the realized favorable tax attributes. However, if the payments under the tax receivable agreements are accelerated, we may be required to raise additional debt or equity to fund such payments. To the extent that we are unable to make payments under the tax receivable agreements for any reason (including because our Amended Credit Agreement restricts the ability of our subsidiaries to make distributions to us) such payments will be deferred and will accrue interest until paid.

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Regulatory Capital Requirements

Our principal U.S. subsidiary, Virtu Americas LLC ("VAL") is subject to separate regulation and capital requirements in the U.S. and other jurisdictions. VAL is a registered U.S. broker-dealer, and its primary regulators include the SEC and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority ("FINRA").

The SEC and FINRA impose rules that require notification when regulatory capital falls below certain pre-defined criteria. These rules also dictate the ratio of debt-to-equity in the regulatory capital composition of a broker-dealer and constrain the ability of a broker-dealer to expand its business under certain circumstances. If a firm fails to maintain the required regulatory capital, it may be subject to suspension or revocation of registration by the applicable regulatory agency, and suspension or expulsion by these regulators could ultimately lead to the firm’s liquidation. Additionally, certain applicable rules impose requirements that may have the effect of prohibiting a broker-dealer from distributing or withdrawing capital and requiring prior notice to and/or approval from the SEC and FINRA for certain capital withdrawals. VAL is also subject to rules set forth by NYSE and is required to maintain a certain level of capital in connection with the operation of its designated market maker business.

Our Canadian subsidiaries, Virtu ITG Canada Corp. and Virtu Financial Canada ULC, are subject to regulatory capital requirements and periodic requirements to report their regulatory capital and submit other regulatory reports set forth by the the Investment Industry Regulatory Organization of Canada. Our Irish subsidiaries, Virtu Financial Ireland Limited ("VFIL") and Virtu ITG Europe Limited ("VIEL") are regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland as Investment Firms and in accordance with European Union law are required to maintain a minimum amount of regulatory capital based upon their positions, financial conditions, and other factors. In addition to periodic requirements to report their regulatory capital and submit other regulatory reports, VFIL and VIEL are required to obtain consent prior to receiving capital contributions or making capital distributions from their regulatory capital. Failure to comply with their regulatory capital requirements could result in regulatory sanction or revocation of their regulatory license. Virtu ITG UK Limited is regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority in the United Kingdom and is subject to similar prudential capital requirements. Virtu ITG Australia Limited, Virtu ITG Hong Kong Limited, and Virtu ITG Singapore Pte Limited are also subject to local regulatory capital requirements and are regulated by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission, the Securities and Futures Commission of Hong Kong, and the Monetary Authority of Singapore, respectively.

See Note 20 "Regulatory Requirement" of Part I Item 1 “Financial Statements” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a discussion of regulatory capital requirements of our regulated subsidiaries.

Broker Dealer Credit Facilities, Short-Term Bank Loans, and Prime Brokerage Credit Facilities

We maintain various broker-dealer facilities and short-term credit facilities as part of our daily trading operations. See Note 9 "Borrowings" of Part I Item 1 “Financial Statements” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for details on our various credit facilities. As of September 30, 2021, the outstanding principal balance on our broker-dealer facilities was $178.0 million and the outstanding aggregate short-term credit facilities with various prime brokers and other financial institutions from which the Company receives execution or clearing services was approximately $202.5 million, which was netted within Receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition of Part I Item 1 “Financial Statements” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

On March 10, 2020, a broker-dealer subsidiary of the Company entered into a short-term loan arrangement with Jefferies Financial Group, Inc., as lender, for a $20 million demand loan (the "Demand Loan") repayable no later than ninety (90) days after the date of borrowing. The Demand Loan bore interest at a rate of 10% per annum, increased by 2.0% with respect to any principal amounts not paid when due and payable. The Demand Loan was repaid in full as of April 17, 2020.

On March 20, 2020, a broker-dealer subsidiary of the Company entered into a loan agreement (the “Founder Member Loan Facility”) with TJMT Holdings LLC (the “Founder Member”), as lender and administrative agent, providing for unsecured term loans from time to time (the “Founder Member Loans”) in an aggregate original principal amount not to exceed $300 million. The Founder Member Loans were available to be borrowed in one or more borrowings on or after March 20, 2020 and prior to September 20, 2020, though no borrowings were made during such period, which is now expired. The Founder Member is an affiliate of Mr. Vincent Viola, the Company’s founder and Chairman Emeritus. Upon the execution of and in consideration for the Lender’s commitments under the Founder Member Loan Facility, the Company delivered to the Founder Member a warrant to purchase shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock, as described below.

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On March 20, 2020, in connection with and in consideration of the Founder Member’s commitments under the Founder Member Loan Facility, the Company delivered to the Founder Member a warrant (the “Warrant”) to purchase shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock. Pursuant to the Warrant, the Founder Member may purchase up to 3,000,000 shares of Class A Common Stock. If at any time during the term of the Founder Member Loan Facility, the Founder Member Loans equal to or greater than $100 million had remained outstanding for a certain period of time specified in the Warrant, the number of shares would have increased to 10,000,000. The exercise price per share of the Class A Common Stock issuable pursuant to the Warrant is $22.98, and the Warrant may be exercised to purchase up to 3,000,000 shares of the Company's Class A Common Stock on or after May 22, 2020 up to and including January 15, 2022. The Warrant and Class A Common Stock issuable pursuant to the Warrant were offered, and will be issued and sold, in reliance on the exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act, set forth under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act relating to sales by an issuer not involving any public offering.

Credit Agreement

In connection with the ITG Acquisition, Virtu Financial, VFH and the Acquisition Borrower entered into the Credit Agreement, with the lenders party thereto, Jefferies Finance LLC, as administrative agent and Jefferies Finance LLC and RBC Capital Markets, as joint lead arrangers and joint bookrunners.

The Credit Agreement provided (i) a senior secured first lien term loan (the “First Lien Term Loan Facility”) in an aggregate principal amount of $1,500 million, drawn in its entirety on the ITG Closing Date, of which approximately $404.5 million was borrowed by VFH to repay all amounts outstanding under a previous term loan facility and the remaining approximately $1,095 million was borrowed by the Acquisition Borrower to finance the consideration and fees and expenses paid in connection with the ITG Acquisition, and (ii) a $50.0 million senior secured first lien revolving facility to VFH (the “First Lien Revolving Facility”), with a $5.0 million letter of credit sub-facility and a $5.0 million swing-line sub-facility. After the ITG Closing Date, VFH assumed the obligations of the Acquisition Borrower in respect of the acquisition term loans.

On October 9, 2019, VFH entered into an amendment (“Amendment No. 1”), which amended the Credit Agreement dated as of March 1, 2019, to, among other things, provide for $525.0 million in aggregate principal amount of incremental term loans (the “Incremental Term Loans”), and amend the related collateral agreement.

The First Lien Revolving Facility under the Amended Credit Agreement is subject to a springing net first lien leverage ratio which may spring into effect as of the last day of a fiscal quarter if usage of the aggregate revolving commitments exceeds a specified level as of such date. VFH is also subject to contingent principal prepayments based on excess cash flow and certain other triggering events. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by Virtu Financial and VFH’s material non-regulated domestic restricted subsidiaries and secured by substantially all of the assets of VFH and the guarantors, in each case, subject to certain exceptions.

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In October 2019, we entered into a five-year $525.0 million floating-to-fixed interest rate swap agreement. In January 2020, we entered into a five-year $1,000.0 million floating-to-fixed interest rate swap agreement. These two interest rate swaps met the criteria to be considered and were designated as qualifying cash flow hedges under ASC 815 in the first quarter of 2020, and they effectively fix interest payment obligations on $525.0 million and $1,000.0 million of principal under the First Lien Term Loan Facility at rates of 4.3% and 4.4% through September 2024 and January 2025, respectively, based on the interest rates set forth in the Amended Credit Agreement. In April 2021, each of the swap agreements described above was novated to another counterparty and amended in connection with such novation. The amendments included certain changes to collateral posting obligations and also had the effect of increasing the effective fixed interest payment obligations to rates of 4.5%, with respect to the earlier maturing swap arrangement, and 4.6% with respect to the later maturing swap arrangement.

We were in compliance with all applicable covenants under the Amended Credit Agreement as of September 30, 2021.

Cash Flows

Our main sources of liquidity are cash flow from the operations of our subsidiaries, our broker-dealer credit facilities (as described above), margin financing provided by our prime brokers and cash on hand.

The table below summarizes our primary sources and uses of cash for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
Net cash provided by (used in):	2021		2020
Operating activities	$	374,522	$	483,598
Investing activities	(65,440)		3,444
Financing activities	(550,322)		(598,220)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(11,452)		3,860
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	$	(252,692)	$	(107,318)

Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities was $374.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $483.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The decrease in net cash provided by operating activities was primarily attributable to lower revenues, and an increase in trading assets, at fair value, for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the prior period.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities was $65.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to net cash provided by investing activities of $3.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The increase in cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was primarily attributable to an increase in contributions to our strategic investments in the current period, offset by the sale of MATCHNow in the prior period.

Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities was $550.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, while net cash used in financing activities was $598.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The cash used in financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was primarily attributable to $430.6 million in dividends to stockholders and distributions made to noncontrolling interests and $320.2 million in purchases of treasury stock, partially offset by the proceeds of $249.6 million of short term borrowings. The cash used in financing activities of $598.2 million during the same period of 2020 primarily reflects net dividends to stockholders and distributions to noncontrolling interests and repayment of long term borrowings.

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Share Repurchase Program

On May 4, 2021, the Company's Board of Directors authorized the expansion of the Company's share repurchase program, increasing the total authorized amount by $300 million to $470 million in Class A Common Stock and Virtu Financial Units and extending the duration of the program through May 4, 2022. The share repurchase program authorizes the Company to repurchase shares from time to time in open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions or by other means. Repurchases are also permitted to be made under Rule 10b5-1 plans. The timing and amount of repurchase transactions are determined by the Company's management based on its evaluation of market conditions, share price, cash sources, legal requirements and other factors. From the inception of the program through September 30, 2021, the Company repurchased approximately 12.5 million shares of Class A Common Stock and Virtu Financial Units for approximately $337.5 million. As of September 30, 2021, the Company has approximately of $132.5 million remaining capacity for future purchases of shares of Class A Common Stock and Virtu Financial Units under the program.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of September 30, 2021, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined in Item 303(a)(4)(ii) of Regulation S-K, that have or are reasonably likely to have current or future effects on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to investors.

Inflation

We believe inflation has not had a material effect on our financial condition as of September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020, or on our results of operations and cash flows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the applicable reporting period. Critical accounting policies are those that are the most important portrayal of our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, and that require our most difficult, subjective and complex judgments as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain.

While our significant accounting policies are described in more detail in Note 2 "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" in our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, our most critical accounting policies are discussed below. In applying such policies, we must use some amounts that are based upon our informed judgments and best estimates. Estimates, by their nature, are based upon judgments and available information. The estimates that we make are based upon historical factors, current circumstances and the experience and judgment of management. We evaluate our assumptions and estimates on an ongoing basis. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Valuation of Financial Instruments

Due to the nature of our operations, substantially all of our financial instrument assets, comprised of financial instruments owned, securities purchased under agreements to resell, and receivables from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations are carried at fair value based on published market prices and are marked to market daily, or are assets which are short-term in nature and are reflected at amounts approximating fair value. Similarly, all of our financial instrument liabilities that arise from financial instruments sold but not yet purchased, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, securities loaned, and payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations are short-term in nature and are reported at quoted market prices or at amounts approximating fair value.

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or would be paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Financial instruments measured and reported at fair value are classified and disclosed in one of the following categories based on inputs:

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Level 1 — Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities;

Level 2 — Quoted prices in markets that are not active and financial instruments for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly; or

Level 3 — Prices or valuations that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable

The fair values for substantially all of our financial instruments owned and financial instruments sold but not yet purchased are based on observable prices and inputs and are classified in levels 1 and 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Instruments categorized within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are those which require one or more significant inputs that are not observable. Estimating the fair value of level 3 financial instruments requires judgments to be made. See Note 10 "Financial Assets and Liabilities" of Part I Item 1 “Financial Statements” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information about fair value measurements.

Revenue Recognition

Trading Income, Net

Trading income, net, consists of trading gains and losses that are recorded on a trade date basis and reported on a net basis. Trading income, net, is comprised of changes in fair value of financial instruments owned and financial instruments sold, not yet purchased assets and liabilities (i.e., unrealized gains and losses) and realized gains and losses on equities, fixed income securities, currencies and commodities.

Interest and Dividends Income/Interest and Dividends Expense

Interest income and interest expense are accrued in accordance with contractual rates. Interest income consists of income earned on collateralized financing arrangements and on cash held by brokers. Interest expense includes interest expense from collateralized transactions, margin and related short-term lending facilities. Dividends are recorded on the ex-dividend date, and interest is recognized on an accrual basis.

Commissions, net and Technology Services

Commissions, net, which primarily comprise commissions and commission equivalents earned on institutional client orders, are recorded on a trade date basis, which is the point at which the performance obligation to the customer is satisfied. Under a commission management program, we allow institutional clients to allocate a portion of their gross commissions to pay for research and other services provided by third parties. As we act as an agent in these transactions, we record such expenses on a net basis within Commissions, net and technology services in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

Workflow technology revenues consist of order and trade execution management and order routing services we provide through our front-end workflow solutions and network capabilities.

We provide trade order routing from our execution management system (“EMS”) to our execution services offerings, with each trade order routed through the EMS representing a separate performance obligation that is satisfied at a point in time. A portion of the commissions earned on the trade is then allocated to Workflow Technology based on the stand-alone selling price paid by third-party brokers for order routing. The remaining commission is allocated to commissions, net using a residual allocation approach. Commissions earned are fixed and revenue is recognized on the trade date.

We participate in commission share arrangements, where trade orders are routed to third-party brokers from our EMS and our order management system (“OMS”). Commission share revenues from third-party brokers are generally fixed and revenue is recognized at a point in time on the trade date.

We also provide OMS and related software products and connectivity services to customers and recognize license fee revenues and monthly connectivity fees. License fee revenues, generated for the use of our OMS and other software products, are fixed and recognized at the point in time at which the customer is able to use and benefit from the license. Connectivity revenue is variable in nature, based on the number of live connections, and is recognized over time on a monthly basis using a time-based measure of progress.

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Analytics revenues are earned from providing customers with analytics products and services, including trading and portfolio analytics tools. We provide analytics products and services to customers and recognize subscription fees, which are fixed for the contract term, based on when the products and services are delivered. Analytics services can be delivered either over time (when customers are provided with distinct ongoing access to analytics data) or at a point in time (when reports are only delivered to the customer on a periodic basis). Over time performance obligations are recognized using a time-based measure of progress on a monthly basis, since the analytics products and services are continually provided to the client. Point in time performance obligations are recognized when the analytics reports are delivered to the client.

Analytics products and services can also be paid for through variable bundled arrangements with trade execution services. Customers agree to pay for analytics products and services with commissions generated from trade execution services, and commissions are allocated to the analytics performance obligation(s) using:

(i)the commission value for each customer for the products and services it receives, which is priced using the value for similar stand-alone subscription arrangements; and

(ii)a calculated ratio of the commission value for the products and services relative to the total amount of commissions generated from the customer.

For these bundled commission arrangements, the allocated commissions to each analytics performance obligation are then recognized as revenue when the analytics product is delivered, either over time or at a point in time. These allocated commissions may be deferred if the allocated amount exceeds the amount recognizable based on delivery.

Share-Based Compensation

We account for share-based compensation transactions with employees under the provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board's Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 718, Compensation: Stock Compensation. Share-based compensation transactions with employees are measured based on the fair value of equity instruments issued.

Share-based awards issued for compensation in connection with or subsequent to the Reorganization Transactions and the IPO pursuant to our Amended and Restated 2015 Management Incentive Plan, and assumed pursuant to the Amended and Restated ITG 2007 Equity Plan, were in the form of stock options, Class A Common Stock, restricted stock awards ("RSAs") and restricted stock units ("RSUs"). The fair value of the stock option grants is determined through the application of the Black-Scholes-Merton model. The fair value of the Class A Common Stock and RSUs is determined based on the volume weighted average price for the three days preceding the grant. With respect to the RSUs, we account for forfeitures as they occur. The fair value of RSAs is determined based on the closing price as of the date of grant. The fair value of share-based awards granted to employees is expensed based on the vesting conditions and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, or, in the case of RSAs subject to performance conditions, from the date that achievement becomes probable through the remainder of the vesting period. We record as treasury stock shares repurchased from employees for the purpose of settling tax liabilities incurred upon the issuance of common stock, the vesting of RSUs or the exercise of stock options.

Income Taxes

We conduct our business globally through a number of separate legal entities. Consequently, our effective tax rate is dependent upon the geographic distribution of our earnings or losses and the tax laws and regulations of each legal jurisdiction in which we operate.

Certain of our wholly owned subsidiaries are subject to income taxes in foreign jurisdictions. The provision for income tax is comprised of current tax and deferred tax. Current tax represents the tax on current year tax returns, using tax rates enacted at the balance sheet date. A deferred tax asset is recognized only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable income will be available against which the asset can be utilized.

We are currently subject to audit in various jurisdictions, and these jurisdictions may assess additional income tax liabilities against us. Developments in an audit, litigation, or the relevant laws, regulations, administrative practices, principles, and interpretations could have a material effect on our operating results or cash flows in the period or periods for which that development occurs, as well as for prior and subsequent periods. We recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes, only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the applicable taxing authority, including resolution of the appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the condensed consolidated financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit for each such position that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized

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upon ultimate resolution. Many factors are considered when evaluating and estimating the tax positions and tax benefits. Such estimates involve interpretations of regulations, rulings, case law, etc. and are inherently complex. Our estimates may require periodic adjustments and may not accurately anticipate actual outcomes as resolution of income tax treatments in individual jurisdictions typically would not be known for several years after completion of any fiscal year.

Tax Receivable Agreements

We are required under the tax receivable agreements entered into in connection with our IPO to make payments to certain direct or indirect equity holders of Virtu Financial that are generally equal to 85% of the applicable cash tax savings, if any, that we realize as a result of favorable tax attributes that are available to us as a result of the Reorganization Transactions, for exchanges of membership interests for Class A Common Stock or Class B Common Stock and payments made under the tax receivable agreements. An exchange of membership interests by the Virtu Members for Class A Common Stock or Class B Common Stock (an “Exchange”) during the year will give rise to favorable tax attributes that may generate cash tax savings specific to the Exchange, to be realized over a specific period of time (generally 15 years). At each Exchange, we estimate the cumulative tax receivable agreement obligations to be reported on the consolidated financial statements. The tax attributes are computed as the difference between our basis in the partnership interest (“outside basis”) as compared to our share of the adjusted tax basis of partnership property (“inside basis”), at the time of each Exchange. The computation of inside basis requires judgments in estimating the components included in the inside basis as of the date of the Exchange (such as, cash received on hypothetical sale of assets, allocation of gain/loss at the time of the Exchange taking into account complex partnership tax rules). In addition, we estimate the period of time that may generate cash tax savings of such tax attributes and the realizability of the tax attributes.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the underlying net tangible and intangible assets of our acquisitions. Goodwill is not amortized but is assessed for impairment on an annual basis and between annual assessments whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Goodwill is assessed at the reporting unit level, which is defined as an operating segment or one level below the operating segment.

When assessing impairment, an entity may perform an initial qualitative assessment, under which it assesses qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill. In evaluating whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, an entity shall assess relevant events and circumstances, including the following:

•general economic conditions;

•limitations on accessing capital;

•fluctuations in foreign exchange rates or other developments in equity and credit markets;

•industry and market considerations such as a deterioration in the environment in which an entity operates, an increased competitive environment, a decline in market-dependent multiples or metrics (considered in both absolute terms and relative to peers), a change in the market for an entity’s products or services, or a regulatory or political development;

•cost factors such as increases in raw materials, labor, or other costs that have a negative effect on earnings and cash flows;

•overall financial performance such as negative or declining cash flows or a decline in actual or planned revenue or earnings compared with actual and projected results of relevant prior periods;

•other relevant entity-specific events such as changes in management, key personnel, strategy, or customers, contemplation of bankruptcy, or litigation.

If, after assessing the totality of such events or circumstances, an entity determines that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then no further goodwill impairment testing is necessary.

If further testing is necessary, the fair value of the reporting unit is compared to its carrying value; if the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, a goodwill impairment loss is recorded, equal to the excess of the reporting unit’s carrying amount over its fair value (not to exceed the total goodwill allocated to that reporting unit).

We assess goodwill for impairment on an annual basis as of July 1st and on an interim basis when certain events or circumstances exist. In the impairment assessment as of July 1, 2021, we performed a qualitative assessment as described above for each reporting unit. No impairment of goodwill was identified.

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Valuation of intangible assets involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions with respect to the timing and amounts of revenue growth rates, customer attrition rates, future tax rates, royalty rates, contributory asset charges, discount rate and the resulting cash flows. We amortize finite-lived intangible assets over their estimated useful lives. We test finite-lived intangible assets for impairment when impairment indicators are present, and if impaired, they are written down to fair value.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

For a discussion of recently issued accounting developments and their impact or potential impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements, see Note 2 "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" of Part I Item 1 “Financial Statements” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Market Risk

We are exposed to various market risks in the ordinary course of business. The risks primarily relate to changes in the value of financial instruments due to factors such as market prices, interest rates, and currency rates.

Our on-exchange market making activities are not dependent on the direction of any particular market and are designed to minimize capital at risk at any given time by limiting the notional size of our positions. Our on-exchange market making strategies involve continuously quoting two-sided markets in various financial instruments with the intention of profiting by capturing the spread between the bid and offer price. If another market participant executes against the strategy’s bid or offer by crossing the spread, the strategy will attempt to lock in a return by either exiting the position or hedging in one or more different correlated instruments that represent economically equivalent value to the primary instrument. Such primary or hedging instruments include but are not limited to securities and derivatives such as: common shares, exchange traded products, American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), options, bonds, futures, spot currencies and commodities. Substantially all of the financial instruments we trade are liquid and can be liquidated within a short time frame at low cost.

Our customer market making activities involve the taking of position risks. The risks at any point in time are limited by the notional size of positions as well as other factors. The overall portfolio risks are quantified using internal risk models and monitored by the Company's Chief Risk Officer, the independent risk group and senior management.

We use various proprietary risk management tools in managing our market risk on a continuous basis (including intraday). In order to minimize the likelihood of unintended activities by our market making strategies, if our risk management system detects a trading strategy generating revenues outside of our preset limits, it will freeze, or “lockdown”, that strategy and alert risk management personnel and management.

For working capital purposes, we invest in money market funds and maintain interest and non-interest bearing balances at banks and in our trading accounts with clearing brokers, which are classified as Cash and cash equivalents and Receivables from broker-dealers and clearing organizations, respectively, on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. These financial instruments do not have maturity dates; the balances are short-term, which helps to mitigate our market risks. We also invest our working capital in short-term U.S. government securities, which are included in Financial instruments owned on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Our cash and cash equivalents held in foreign currencies are subject to the exposure of foreign currency fluctuations. These balances are monitored daily and are hedged or reduced when appropriate and therefore not material to our overall cash position.

In the normal course of business, we maintain inventories of exchange-listed and other equity securities, and to a lesser extent, fixed income securities and listed equity options. The fair value of these financial instruments at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 was $4.0 billion and $3.1 billion, respectively, in long positions and $2.9 billion and $2.9 billion, respectively, in short positions. We also enter into futures contracts, which are recorded on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition within Receivable from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations or Payable to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations as applicable.

We calculate daily the potential losses that might arise from a series of different stress events. These include both single factor and multi factor shocks to asset prices based off both historical events and hypothetical scenarios. The stress calculations include a full recalculation of any option positions, non-linear positions and leverage. Senior management and the independent risk group carefully monitor the highest stress scenarios to help mitigate the risk of exposure to extreme events.

The purchase and sale of futures contracts requires margin deposits with a Futures Commission Merchant (“FCM”). The Commodity Exchange Act requires an FCM to segregate all customer transactions and assets from the FCM’s proprietary activities. A customer’s cash and other equity deposited with an FCM are considered commingled with all other customer funds subject to the FCM’s segregation requirements. In the event of an FCM’s insolvency, recovery may be limited to the Company’s pro rata share of segregated customer funds available. It is possible that the recovery amount could be less than the total cash and other equity deposited.

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Interest Rate Risk, Derivative Instruments

In the normal course of business, we utilize derivative financial instruments in connection with our proprietary trading activities. We carry our trading derivative instruments at fair value with gains and losses included in Trading income, net, in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. Fair value of derivatives that are freely tradable and listed on a national exchange is determined at their last sale price as of the last business day of the period. Since gains and losses are included in earnings, we have elected not to separately disclose gains and losses on derivative instruments, but instead to disclose gains and losses within trading revenue for both derivative and non-derivative instruments.

We also use derivative instruments for risk management purposes, including cash flow hedges used to manage interest rate risk on long-term borrowings and net investment hedges used to manage foreign exchange risk. We have entered into floating-to-fixed interest rate swap agreements in order to manage interest rate risk associated with our long-term debt obligations. Additionally, we may seek to reduce the impact of fluctuations in foreign exchange rates on our net investment in certain non-U.S. operations through the use of foreign currency forward contracts. For interest rate swap agreements and foreign currency forward contracts designated as hedges, we assess our risk management objectives and strategy, including identification of the hedging instrument, the hedged item and the risk exposure and how effectiveness is to be assessed prospectively and retrospectively. The effectiveness of the hedge is assessed based on the overall changes in the fair value of the interest rate swaps or forward contracts. For instruments that meet the criteria to be considered hedging instruments under ASC 815, any gains or losses, to the extent effective, are included in Accumulated other comprehensive income on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and Other comprehensive income on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. The ineffective portion, if any, is recorded in Other, net on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

Futures Contracts. As part of our proprietary market making trading strategies, we use futures contracts to gain exposure to changes in values of various indices, commodities, interest rates or foreign currencies. A futures contract represents a commitment for the future purchase or sale of an asset at a specified price on a specified date. Upon entering into a futures contract, we are required to pledge to the broker an amount of cash, U.S. government securities or other assets equal to a certain percentage of the contract amount. Subsequent payments, known as variation margin, are made or received by us each day, depending on the daily fluctuations in the fair values of the underlying securities. We recognize a gain or loss equal to the daily variation margin.

Due from Broker-Dealers and Clearing Organizations. Management periodically evaluates our counterparty credit exposures to various brokers and clearing organizations with a view to limiting potential losses resulting from counterparty insolvency.

Foreign Currency Risk

As a result of our international market making and execution services activities and accumulated earnings in our foreign subsidiaries, our income and net worth are subject to fluctuation in foreign exchange rates. While we generate revenues in several currencies, the majority of our operating expenses are denominated in U.S. dollars. Therefore, depreciation in these other currencies against the U.S. dollar would negatively impact revenue upon translation to the U.S. dollar. The impact of any translation of our foreign denominated earnings to the U.S. dollar is mitigated, however, through the impact of daily hedging practices that are employed by the company.

Approximately 20.5% and 26.1% of our revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and approximately 20.3% and 20.2% of our total revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, were denominated in non-U.S. dollar currencies. We estimate that a hypothetical 10% adverse change in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to our foreign denominated earnings would have resulted in decreases in total revenues of $11.1 million and $17.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 respectively, and $42.7 million and $51.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Assets and liabilities of subsidiaries with non-U.S. dollar functional currencies are translated into U.S. dollars at period-end exchange rates. Income, expense and cash flow items are translated at average exchange rates prevailing during the period. The resulting currency translation adjustments are recorded as foreign exchange translation adjustment in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income and Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity. Our primary currency translation exposures historically relate to net investments in subsidiaries having functional currencies denominated in the Euro, Pound Sterling, and Canadian dollar.

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Financial Instruments with Off Balance Sheet Risk

We enter into various transactions involving derivatives and other off-balance sheet financial instruments. These financial instruments include futures, forward contracts, swaps, and exchange-traded options. These derivative financial instruments are used to conduct trading activities and manage market risks and are, therefore, subject to varying degrees of market and credit risk. Derivative transactions are entered into for trading purposes or to economically hedge other positions or transactions.

Futures and forward contracts provide for delayed delivery of the underlying instrument. In situations where we write listed options, we receive a premium in exchange for giving the buyer the right to buy or sell the security at a future date at a contracted price. The contractual or notional amounts related to these financial instruments reflect the volume and activity and do not necessarily reflect the amounts at risk. Futures contracts are executed on an exchange, and cash settlement is made on a daily basis for market movements, typically with a central clearing house as the counterparty. Accordingly, futures contracts generally do not have credit risk. The credit risk for forward contracts, options, and swaps is limited to the unrealized market valuation gains recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Market risk is substantially dependent upon the value of the underlying financial instruments and is affected by market forces, such as volatility and changes in interest and foreign exchange rates.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, management has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of September 30, 2021. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of September 30, 2021, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, with the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error and mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people or by management override of controls.

The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Over time, a control may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or because the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and may not be detected.

Changes to Internal Control over Financial Reporting

No change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) occurred during the three months ended September 30, 2021 that has or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The information required by this item is set forth in the “Legal Proceedings” section in Note 15 "Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees" to the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I Item 1 “Financial Statements”, which is incorporated by reference herein.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes to the Risk Factors described in Part I Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our 2020 Form 10-K.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Pursuant to the exchange agreement (the “Exchange Agreement”) entered into on April 15, 2015 by and among the Company, Virtu Financial and holders of Virtu Financial Units, Virtu Financial Units (along with the corresponding shares of our Class C Common Stock or Class D Common Stock, as applicable) may be exchanged at any time for shares of our Class A Common Stock or Class B Common Stock, as applicable, on a one-for-one basis, subject to customary conversion rate adjustments for stock splits, stock dividends and reclassifications.

Total share repurchases for the three months ended September 30, 2021 were as follows:


Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs

























July 1, 2021 - July 31, 2021
Class A Common Stock / Virtu Financial Units repurchases	1,043,846	$	26.61	1,042,900	$243,670,314


August 1, 2021 - August 31, 2021
Class A Common Stock / Virtu Financial Units repurchases	3,391,961	$	25.84	3,383,168	$156,238,886


September 1, 2021 - September 30, 2021
Class A Common Stock / Virtu Financial Units repurchases	984,079	$	24.29	975,864	$132,536,635















Total Common Stock / Virtu Financial Unit repurchases	5,419,886	$	25.71	5,401.932	$132,536,635

(1) Includes the repurchase of 5,489 shares from employees in order to satisfy statutory tax withholding requirements upon the net settlement of equity awards for the three months ended September 30, 2021.

On May 4, 2021, the Company's Board of Directors authorized the expansion of the Company's share repurchase program, increasing the total authorized amount by $300 million to $470 million in Class A Common Stock and Virtu Financial Units and extending the duration of the program through May 4, 2022. The share repurchase program authorizes the Company to repurchase shares from time to time in open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions or by other means. Repurchases are also permitted to be made under Rule 10b5-1 plans. The timing and amount of repurchase transactions are determined by the Company's management based on its evaluation of market conditions, share price, cash sources, legal requirements and other factors. From the inception of the program through September 30, 2021, the Company repurchased approximately 12.5 million shares of Class A Common Stock and Virtu Financial Units for approximately $337.5 million. As of September 30, 2021, the Company has approximately of $132.5 million remaining capacity for future purchases of shares of Class A Common Stock and Virtu Financial Units under the program.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

None.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS



Exhibit Number						Description



































































































31.1*						Certification of Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*						Certification of Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1*						Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2*						Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS*						XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH*						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL*						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.LAB*						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE*						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
101.DEF*						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Document
104						Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

* Filed herewith.

† Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

Table of Contents

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


		Virtu Financial, Inc.


DATE:	November 3, 2021	By:	/s/ Douglas A. Cifu
			Douglas A. Cifu
			Chief Executive Officer


DATE:	November 3, 2021	By:	/s/ Sean P. Galvin
			Sean P. Galvin
			Chief Financial Officer

Document

EXHIBIT 31.1

CEO CERTIFICATION

PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE

SARBANES — OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Douglas A. Cifu, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ending September 30, 2021 of Virtu Financial, Inc. (the “registrant”) as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.


Date: November 3, 2021	By:	/s/ Douglas A. Cifu
		Douglas A. Cifu
		Chief Executive Officer

Document

EXHIBIT 31.2

CFO CERTIFICATION

PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE

SARBANES — OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Sean Galvin, certify that:

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.


Date: November 3, 2021	By:	/s/ Sean P. Galvin
		Sean Galvin
		Chief Financial Officer

Document

EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Virtu Financial, Inc. (the “Company”) for the period ended September 30, 2021 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Douglas A. Cifu, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, in my capacity as an officer of the Company that, to my knowledge:

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.


			/s/ Douglas A. Cifu
			Douglas A. Cifu
			Chief Executive Officer

			Date: November 3, 2021

Document

EXHIBIT 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Virtu Financial, Inc. (the “Company”) for the period ended September 30, 2021 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Sean P. Galvin, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, in my capacity as an officer of the Company that, to my knowledge:

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.


			/s/ Sean P. Galvin
			Sean Galvin
			Chief Financial Officer

			Date: November 3, 2021